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Ivle Courseware

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Hedi Ben Mohamed
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31 views38 pages

Ivle Courseware

Uploaded by

Hedi Ben Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic

Fire Safety
Training
Scope
• Introduction
 Importance of Fire Safety
 The Fire Triangle
• Common causes of fire
 Unsafe practices that lead to a fire
 SCDF Fire Inspection Statistics
• Fire prevention measures
• Responding to a fire
 Activation, Assistance and Attempt
• Extinguishing of a fire
 Classes of fires
 Dry Powder(ABC ) extinguisher
 How to use a fire extinguisher
• Fire evacuation procedures
Why Fire Safety is important?
Fire can happen anywhere.

A small fire can grow quickly.

YOU can help to prevent fires before they start and to kill
the fire during the incipient stage.
Fire Triangle
Fire requires three elements:

Fuel sources:
Hoarding of personal
items, poor
Heat sources: housekeeping, etc.
Sunlight,
hotplates, naked
flame, etc.

Oxygen sources: Oxidizing


chemicals etc.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
1. Electrical short circuit, overloading and
overheating of electrical appliance.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
2. Chemicals with low flash point, pyrophoric or uncontrolled
exothermic reactions and mishandling and improper storage of
chemicals.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
3. Hotworks and smoking
Unsafe Practices
1. Poor housekeeping and blocking of egress
Unsafe Practices
2. Blocking of fire detection system
Unsafe Practices
3. Human errors arises from renovation works
Unsafe Practices
4. Keeping equipment constantly energized
SCDF FIRE SAFETY VIOLATIONS
(Jan – Jun 2012)
DESCRIPTION No. of violations

1. Obstruction to exits/fire engine access way 367

2. Unauthorized storage of combustibles/flammable 230

3. Exit signs not illuminated 207

4. Non maintenance of fire extinguisher/ hose reel 96


FIRE PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• Check your own area for

• Overloaded circuits
• Appliances without “SAFETY MARK”
Overloading of Circuit
• Wiring for frayed ends or worn insulation
Without
Safety Mark

Overloading of Circuit
Exposed and frayed Wiring Non-approved self-made extension board
FIRE PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• Conduct Fire Risk
Assessment
1. Electrical safety 2. Chemical safety
FIRE PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• Attend Training

• Conduct inspections
Fire Preventive Measures
• Keep the lobby, corridors, staircases and exits clear of
obstruction.
• Ensure the manual call-points, fire extinguishers, fire hose
reels are working and clear of obstruction at all times.
• Identify the nearest exits, fire alarm panel, manual call-
points, fire extinguishers and fire hose reels to aid immediate
emergency response during an outbreak of fire.

Emergency Exit Manual Call-Point Fire Extinguisher Fire Hose reel Fire Alarm Panel
Fire Protection Equipment
and Escape Plan

Fire Alarm Panel Fire Hose Reel Fire Extinguisher

Fire Exit Assembly Area


Responding to a Fire
Remember the Three As.

• ACTIVATE the building alarm or notify Campus


Security(6874 1616) / SCDF (995).
Break the Call-Point

• ASSIST any person in immediate danger, or those


incapable to move on their own, to exit the
building.

• ATTEMPT to extinguish the incipient fire


without endangering yourself.
Activate!
1.Manual Call Point 2.OCS Hotline
Kent Ridge
Campus;
U-Town-
Call
68741616

Bukit
Timah
Campus-
Call
65163636 or
68741616
Activate!
3. Start Evacuation Process

4. Fight Incipient Fires


Assist!
Assist personnel in evacuation:

1. Provide assistance to the people around you

2. Physically challenged personnel and medical cases

3. Unconscious and trapped persons


Attempt!
Attempt to extinguish the fire

1. Fight an incipient fire using the nearest suitable fire extinguisher

2. Safety considerations
FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT THEORY
Extinguish fire by limiting or interrupting one or more
elements in the fire triangle.

Fire can be extinguished by one of the following:


• Cooling = Reducing its temperature
• Starvation = Eliminating available fuel
• Smothering = Exclusion of oxygen
CLASSES OF FIRE
Class A
 Ordinary combustibles materials like wood, paper, cloth, furnishing,
plastics and rubber

Class B
 Flammable liquids, solvents, oils, paints, thinner and flammable
gases
 Combustible liquids such as kerosene

Class C
 Live electrical equipment like electrical mains, transformers and
electrical appliances (extinguishing medium must be electrically non-
conductive)

Class D
 Combustible metals e.g. potassium, magnesium, titanium, sodium,
lithium and zirconium
Dry Powder(ABC) Extinguisher
Dry Powder (ABC)
- Effective for Class A, B and C fires

Advantages
- Effective for fire involving plastics and burning
2.5 Kg (w/o hose) and 4.5 Kg
metal Dry Powder (with hose)
- Extinguishes fire rapidly
- When applied, a cloud of extinguishing agent
will screen flame, enable close attack

Disadvantages
- Very messy, not suitable for electronic
equipment
- Inhalation of chemical may be detrimental to 9kg Dry Powder
(blue) vs 1 kg Dry
one’s health Powder( red)
HOW TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
 Has four main components: A hose or nozzle, a carrying handle
and lever, a pressure gauge and the cylinder
 Use a simple procedure called

P - Pull the safety pin

A - Aim at the base of fire

S - Squeeze the handle

S - Sweep from side to side


Video on operating a Dry Powder
Extinguisher
TO FIGHT OR NOT TO FIGHT !
Before attempting to fight any fire with an extinguisher, ask yourself the following questions.

Can I escape quickly and safely from the EVACUATE


NO IMMEDIATELY!
area if I attempt to extinguish the fire?

YES

EVACUATE
Do I have the right type of extinguisher? NO
IMMEDIATELY!

YES

EVACUATE
Is the extinguisher large enough for the fire? NO IMMEDIATELY!

YES

Is the area free from other dangers such EVACUATE


NO IMMEDIATELY!
as hazardous materials?

YES

EXTINGUISH THE FIRE!


Points to note when using an extinguisher
1. It is important for you to know the locations and the
types of fire extinguishers in and around your work area.

2. Fire extinguishers can be heavy. It is a good idea to


practice by picking up and holding a fire
extinguisher to get an idea of its weight and feel.

3. Take time to read the operating instructions and


warnings
FIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
FIRE ACTION

1. Stop all work. Keep all documents. Switch off all


electrical equipment that may start a secondary fire

2. Start evacuation process and take instruction from


Fire Warden

3. Leave the building immediately using the nearest


safe exit route and report to the assembly area
Take only light essential belongings along, leave bulky ones
behind.
Do not use the lifts.
Do not re-enter the building unless authorized to do so.

4. Wait at the assembly area for further instructions


FIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
FIRE ACTION
1. Raise the alarm by ACTION IN THE
breaking the glass EVENT OF FIRE
at the nearest manual
call-point.
2. Dial 995 on the nearest telephone and give details to SCDF including
location:
i. Location of the fire.
ii. Some indication of its extent.
iii. Whether the occupants of the building are in danger.

3. Dial 6874 1616 and inform Campus Security so that they can
respond and lead SCDF/SPF to the location of fire.

4. If possible, attack the fire with extinguishing


equipment provided but do not put yourself at risk.
Video summary

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