Artificial Intelligence

&
Machine Learning
Project Report
Semester-IV (Batch-2022)

DIABETES PREDICTION MODEL

Supervised By: Submitted By:

Dr. Kirandeep Singh Ashutosh Panda, 2210990191
Bhagya Sharma, 2210990210
Ashutosh Singh, 2210990192
Bharat Jakahar, 2210990213

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Chitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Chitkara University, Punjab
Introduction
Utilizing Machine Learning for Predicting Diabetes in Women through Support Vector
Machine (SVM) Model.

Background
Child and maternal mortality rates continue to pose significant global health challenges,
especially in low-resource settings. The United Nations has set ambitious goals to reduce
preventable deaths among newborns and children under 5 by 2030, underscoring the importance
of accessible and effective healthcare interventions. One critical aspect of prenatal care involves
predicting the risk of diabetes in women. This can be achieved through the application of
standardization algorithms and regression models, which analyse various patient parameters to
predict the likelihood of developing diabetes.

Objectives:
The primary objective of this project is to develop machine learning models capable of
predicting the likelihood of diabetes in women based on relevant patient features. By accurately
classifying patients into categories such as “The Person is not diabetic” OR “The Person is
diabetic” for diabetes, healthcare providers can implement timely interventions to prevent
adverse health outcomes. Specifically, the project aims to:

1. Utilize standardization algorithms and regression models, including Linear Regression, and
Logistic Regression, to analyse patient data and predict the probability of developing diabetes.

2. Evaluate the performance of each algorithm in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity
to determine the most effective model for clinical application.

3. Investigate the impact of various patient features on the predictive capability of the models,
such as age, BMI, family history, and glucose levels.

4. Develop a user-friendly interface for healthcare professionals to input patient data and
receive real-time predictions of the likelihood of developing diabetes.
Significance
This project carries substantial implications for enhancing healthcare outcomes related to
diabetes prevention and management, particularly in regions with limited resources. By
leveraging advanced machine learning techniques to analyse patient data, healthcare providers
can accurately predict the likelihood of diabetes development, enabling early interventions and
personalized treatment strategies. Moreover, the development of reliable predictive models can
streamline healthcare delivery in resource-constrained settings, where access to specialized
medical expertise may be scarce. By bridging the gap between technology and healthcare, this
project contributes to the broader efforts aimed at achieving the UN Sustainable Development
Goals related to health and well-being.

In the context of global health challenges, where diabetes prevalence rates continue to rise,
particularly in resource-constrained regions, effective preventive interventions are critical.
However, achieving timely interventions requires sophisticated analysis techniques.

Thus, the objective of this project is to harness the power of machine learning algorithms,
including Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, and Mean Squared Error, to predict diabetes
outcomes from patient data. By accurately classifying patients regressively into categories such
as “The patient is diabetic” OR “The patient is not diabetic” for diabetes, this project aims
to facilitate early detection and prevention of diabetes-related complications, ultimately
contributing to improved health outcomes. The dataset utilized in this study comprises [insert
number] records of patient features, expertly classified by healthcare professionals, providing a
robust foundation for model development and evaluation. Through a comprehensive
methodology encompassing data preprocessing, model selection, evaluation metrics, and feature
importance analysis, this project seeks to develop accurate predictive models while enhancing
their interpretability and clinical applicability.

Furthermore, by aligning with the broader objectives of the United Nations' Sustainable
Development Goals, this project holds significant implications for improving global health
outcomes, potentially reducing the burden of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality
worldwide.
Problem Definition and Requirements

Problem Statement:
The problem addressed in this project involves predicting the likelihood of diabetes in women
based on relevant patient features, aiming to mitigate the risks associated with adverse health
outcomes. The primary challenge lies in accurately classifying patients into categories such as
"Low Risk," "Moderate Risk," or "High Risk" for diabetes, using machine learning algorithms
applied to patient data. The ultimate goal is to develop predictive models capable of providing
timely insights into the risk of developing diabetes, thereby enabling healthcare providers to
implement proactive interventions and personalized treatment strategies.

Software Requirements:
1. Programming Language: Python will serve as the primary programming language,
leveraging its extensive libraries for machine learning and data analysis, including scikit-learn,
pandas, and NumPy.

2. Development Environment: Anaconda or a similar Python distribution will be utilized to

manage dependencies and create virtual environments, ensuring reproducibility and ease of
setup.

3. Machine Learning Libraries: Scikit-learn will be the core library for building and
evaluating machine learning models, while additional libraries such as TensorFlow or PyTorch
may be explored for advanced modeling techniques, particularly for deep learning.

4. Data Visualization Tools: Matplotlib will be employed for data visualization to gain insights
into the dataset distribution and model performance, aiding in model interpretation and
validation.

5. Text Editor or Integrated Development Environment (IDE): Jupyter Notebooks or IDEs

like PyCharm will facilitate coding, experimentation, and documentation, providing an
interactive environment for model development.

6. Version Control: Git will be used for version control, enabling collaboration, tracking
changes, and managing project history efficiently, with platforms like GitHub serving as
repositories for code and project management.
Hardware Requirements:
- Processor: A multi-core processor is recommended to handle data preprocessing and model
training efficiently.

- Memory (RAM): At least 8 GB of RAM is required to accommodate large datasets and

machine learning algorithms, ensuring smooth execution without memory constraints.

- Storage: Adequate storage space is needed for storing datasets, code files, and model artifacts.
SSD storage is preferred for faster data access and model training.

- Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) (Optional): While not mandatory, a GPU (NVIDIA
GeForce or AMD Radeon) can significantly accelerate model training, especially for deep
learning algorithms, enhancing computational performance.

- Operating System: The project can be executed on Windows, macOS, or Linux-based

systems, ensuring compatibility across different platforms for seamless deployment and
execution.

Datasets:
The primary dataset comprises 786 records of patient features, including demographic
information, medical history, and physiological measurements, expertly classified by healthcare
professionals into two categories: "Non-diabetic" and "Diabetic." Each record includes features
such as age, BMI, family history of diabetes, glucose levels, insulin levels, and blood pressure
readings. The dataset is adequately sized and diverse to train and evaluate machine learning
models effectively, ensuring robust performance in predicting diabetes risk and informing
clinical decision-making.

Features:
This dataset comprises 786 records of patient features, including demographic information,
medical history, and physiological measurements, expertly classified by healthcare
professionals into two categories: "Non-diabetic" and "Diabetic." The dataset includes the
following features:
  age: Age of the patient (years)
 BMI: Body Mass Index (kg/m^2)
 family_history: Family history of diabetes (0 for no, 1 for yes)
 glucose_level: Glucose levels in the blood (mg/dL)
 insulin_level: Insulin levels in the blood (mu U/ml)
 blood_pressure: Blood pressure readings (mmHg)
 other_feature_1: Description of the additional feature 1
 other_feature_2: Description of the additional feature 2
 other_feature_3: Description of the additional feature 3

These features provide comprehensive information about the patients' health status and risk
factors for diabetes. The target column in the dataset is "diabetes_status," encoded as 0 for
"Non-diabetic" and 1 for "Diabetic." This target variable is the focus of our predictive modeling
efforts.

Proposed Design / Methodology

• Data Preprocessing:

- Handling Missing Values: Missing values will be imputed using appropriate techniques such
as mean, median, or mode imputation.

- Feature Scaling: Features will be scaled using StandardScaler to ensure that no feature
dominates due to its scale.

- Encoding Categorical Variables: Categorical variables will be encoded using techniques like
one-hot encoding or label encoding for compatibility with machine learning algorithms.
• Feature Selection:

- Correlation Analysis: Pearson correlation coefficient will be computed to identify highly

correlated features and remove redundant ones.

• Model Development:

a. Linear Regression:
Linear regression will be implemented to predict the likelihood of diabetes based on the
input features. Regularization techniques like L1 (Lasso) or L2 (Ridge) regularization
may be applied to prevent overfitting.

b. Logistic Regression:

Logistic Regression will be implemented to predict the probability of diabetes based

on the input features. Regularization techniques like L1 (Lasso) or L2 (Ridge)
regularization may be applied to prevent overfitting.

c. Mean Squared Error:

Mean squared error (MSE) is a metric used to evaluate the performance of the linear
regression model in predicting the likelihood of diabetes based on the input features. It
measures the average squared difference between the actual outcome and the predicted
outcome generated by the model. This metric provides insight into the overall accuracy of
the predictions, with lower MSE values indicating better performance.

• Model Evaluation:

The models will be evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and
confusion matrix to assess their performance in predicting diabetes status. Cross-validation
techniques like k-fold cross-validation will be employed to ensure robustness and avoid
overfitting.

• Model Interpretation:

The trained models' decision boundaries and feature importance will be visualized to provide
insights into their behavior and aid in model interpretation.
• Implementation:

The proposed design and methodology will be implemented using Python programming
language and relevant libraries such as scikit-learn, pandas, and matplotlib. Jupyter Notebooks
or IDEs like PyCharm will facilitate code development, experimentation, and documentation.
The provided imports such as StandardScaler, train_test_split, Linear Regression,
LogisticRegression, and evaluation metrics will be utilized in the implementation.

RESULTS:
Importing the dependencies/Libraries
References:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/uh7o7uyeghqkhoy/diabetes.csv?e=4&
dl=0 -> (FOR THE DATASET)
https://www.youtube.com/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-for-machine-
learning/?ref=shm