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    Laplace Transform

    The Laplace transform method is useful tool to solve differential


    equations and corresponding initial and boundary value problems .

    The process of solution consists of

    1-Transformation of the main equation into simple equation.

    2-The transformed equation is solved by al-gebric manipulation .

    3-Trandformation back to obtain the solution.

    Let f(t) be given function defined for t 0 , the the Laplace transform
    is ,

    F(s) = ∫ ( ) dt

    Where F(s) is the Laplace transform of f(t) and it is denoted by ʆ f(t) and

    f(t) = F(s) which is called Inverse Laplace Transform.

    Example(1)

    If f(t) = 1 ,Find F(s)

    ʆ f(t) = ʆ (1) = ∫ dt = - =

    The integral from 0 to ∞ called improper integral , it is convenient to


    say ∫ = ∫ = [- + ]

    Example(2)

    Let f(t) = ,t ≥ 0 where a is constant , find ʆ f(t)


    ( ) ( )
    ʆ f(t) = ∫ = ∫ = =

    1
    i.e ʆ =

    Theorem (1)

    Linearity of Laplace transform

    ʆ[a f(t) +b g(t)] = aʆ f(t) + b ʆ g(t)

    ʆ[a f(t) +b g(t)] = ∫ [a f(t) +b g(t)] dt

    = a∫ ( ) + b∫ ( )

    =aʆ f(t) + b ʆ g(t)

    Example(3)

    Let f(t) = cosh at , find F(s) ,

    cosh at = +

    ʆ cosh at = ∫ + ∫

    = [ + ]

    i.e ʆ cosh at =

    similarly ʆ sinh at = ʆ[ -

    = [ - ]=

    Cosine and sine functions

    By setting a =jω ,we obtain

    ʆ( )= = =

    2
    since = s

    ʆ( ) =ʆ ( ) ʆ(s ) ---- linearity theorem

    equating real and imaginary terms we get ,

    ʆ( )= ,ʆ(s )=

    Theorem (2)

    Time shifting- If the function f(t) has the Laplace transform F(s) ,and if
    f(t) is time shifted by (a) such that ( ) , then

    ʆ(( ) ) = F(s-a) and ( ) = F(s-a)

    To prove it , replace (s-a) instead of s , we get


    ( )
    F(s-a) = ∫ ( ) =∫ ( ) = ʆ( ( ) )

    Example(4)

    Damped vibration

    ʆ( )= ,( )=
    ( ) ( )

    Example(5)

    If f(t) = t , find F(s)

    ʆ(f(t)) = ʆ(t) = ∫ =- t + ∫

    =0 + =

    3
    Example(6)

    If f(t) = , find F(s)

    ʆ(f(t)) = ʆ( ) = ∫ =- + ∫

    =0 + ∫

    = =

    Example(7)

    Find the Laplace transform of

    ʆ( )=∫ =- + ∫

    if n=1 , ʆ( ) = ∫ = =

    if n =2 ,ʆ( ) = ∫ = ʆ( ) = =

    and if n=3 , ʆ( ) = ∫ = ʆ( ) = =

    i.e ʆ( )= , n is integer
    ( )
    ʆ( )= if a is positive

    ( )= if a is positive integer

    Transform of derivative

    ʆ( ) = sʆ(f) – f(0)

    ʆ( ) = ∫ ( ) =[ ( ) + s∫ ( )

    4
    = - ( ) + sʆ(f)

    ʆ( ) = sʆ( ) - ( )

    = s[sʆ(f) - ( ) ] - ( )= ʆ(f) -s ( ) - ( )

    Similarly

    ʆ( )= () - ( )-s ( )- ( )

    i.eʆ( )= () - ( )- ( )- ( )---------- ( )

    Example(8)

    If f(t) = , find ( ) from ( )

    ( )= ( ) =0, ( )= ( ) = 0, ( ) ( ) = 2 and
    ( )=2

    Since ʆ( ) = 2 ʆ( ) = 2 =

    ʆ( ) = ʆ( ) = ʆ( ) -s ( )- ( )= ʆ( )

    ʆ( ) = 2 ʆ( ) = ʆ( ) =

    i.e ʆ( ) =

    Example(9)

    If ( ) = , find ʆ( ( ))

    ( )=- , ( )=- , ( )=0, ( )=1

    ʆ( )=- ʆ( ) = ʆ( ) –

    i.e s = ( + ) ʆ( ) , ʆ( ) =
    ( )

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