Q.1) Ethics is the science of ___________.

A) Beauty
B) Truth
C) Conduct
D) Mind
Answer: Option C) Conduct
Explanation:
• Ethics is the science of right and wrong conduct.
It is the reflective study of what is good or bad
in that part of human conduct for which human
has some personal responsibility.

Q.2) The word "ethics" is derived from the Greek word

__________
A) ethos
B) ethies
C) ethees
D) ethise
Answer: Option A) ethos
Explanation:
• The word "ethics" is derived from the Greek
word ethos (character), and from the Latin word
mores (customs). In the legal context, ethics
defines how individuals choose to interact with
one another.

Q.3) Ethics is a __________ science.

A) Positive
B) Applied
C) Normative
D) Systematic
Answer: Option C) Normative
Explanation:
• Ethics is a normative science that deals with
moral ideals or good in the nature of our
conduct.
• As a science of morality it does not enquire into
the origin of human conduct but emphasizes on
the contents and various problems of moral
consciousness like motives, intentions,
voluntary actions and so on.

Q.4) What is the primary focus of ethics?

A) Politics
B) Morality
C) Science
D) Economics
Answer: Option B) Morality
Explanation:
• Ethics is concerned with determining what is
morally right or wrong.

Q.5) Which ethical theory emphasizes the consequences

of actions?
A) Deontology
B) Virtue ethics
C) Utilitarianism
D) Relativism
Answer: Option C) Utilitarianism
Explanation:
• Utilitarianism evaluates actions based on their
overall impact and seeks to maximize the
overall good.

Q.6) Business ethics deals primarily with _______

A) Social responsibility
B) the pricing of products and services
C) moral obligation
D) being unfair to the competition
Answer: Option C) moral obligation
Explanation:
• Business ethics deals primarily with moral
obligation. Since, it is a part of social
responsibility.

Q.7) In personal development, how does ethics

contribute to decision-making?
A) Encourages dishonesty
B) Discourages empathy
C) Provides a sense of direction
D) Promotes unethical behavior
Answer: Option C) Provides a sense of direction
Explanation:
• Ethics helps individuals make decisions aligning
with their principles, providing a sense of
direction.

Q.8) What role does ethics play in social cohesion?

A) Encourages conflict
B) Promotes dishonesty
C) Fosters trust and cooperation
D) Minimizes social progress
Answer: Option C) Fosters trust and cooperation
Explanation:
• Ethics promotes respect, fairness, and
cooperation, fostering trust and cohesion in
society.

Q.9) Why is ethics crucial in professional settings?

A) It hinders professional growth
B) It discourages accountability
C) It guides behavior and upholds standards
D) It fosters conflicts with clients
Answer: Option C) It guides behavior and upholds
standards
Explanation:
• Professional ethics ensures individuals uphold
high standards of integrity, competence, and
accountability.

Q.10) What is a key aspect of ethical decision-making?

A) Ignoring consequences
B) Prioritizing personal interests
C) Evaluating competing values and principles
D) Disregarding stakeholders' interests
Answer: Option C) Evaluating competing values and
principles
Explanation:
• Ethical decision-making involves considering the
interests of all stakeholders and evaluating
competing values.

Q.11) How does ethics contribute to social progress?

A) By promoting inequality
B) By discouraging ethical discourse
C) By limiting societal norms
D) By challenging injustices
Answer: D) By challenging injustices
Explanation:
• Ethics encourages individuals to engage in
ethical discourse, critically examine societal
norms, and challenge injustices.

Q.12) What is the distinction between ethics and

morality based on their scope?
A) Ethics is more personal; morality is broader and
systematic
B) Ethics is universal; morality is subjective
C) Ethics is focused on practical application; morality is
theoretical
D) Ethics emphasizes virtues; morality focuses on duties
Answer: A) Ethics is more personal; morality is broader
and systematic
Explanation:
• Morality tends to be more personal, while
ethics has a broader and more systematic Scope.

Q.13) What is the primary focus of virtue ethics?

A) Consequences of actions
B) Development of virtuous character traits
C) Maximizing happiness for the majority
D) Prioritizing self-interest
Answer: B) Development of virtuous character traits
Explanation:
• Virtue ethics emphasizes the development of
virtuous character traits as the foundation of
ethical behavior.

Q.14) What does ethical egoism propose as the primary

moral duty?
A) Promoting overall happiness
B) Acting in self-interest
C) Following prescribed rules
D) Prioritizing cultural relativism
Answer: B) Acting in self-interest
Explanation:
• Ethical egoism asserts that individuals should
act in their self-interest.

Q.15) What does relativism theory assert about moral

principles?
A) They are universal and objective
B) They vary across individuals and cultures
C) They depend on individual preferences
D) They prioritize ethical behavior
Answer: B) They vary across individuals and cultures
Explanation:
• Relativism posits that moral principles vary
across individuals, cultures, or societies.

Q.16) What does relativism theory assert about moral

principles?
A) They are universal and objective
B) They depend on individual preferences
C) They prioritize ethical behavior
D) They vary across individuals and cultures
Answer: D) They vary across individuals and cultures
Explanation:
• Relativism posits that moral principles vary
across individuals, cultures, or societies.

Q.17) What does metaethics explore beyond individual

moral judgments?
A) The nature of ethical concepts and propositions
B) Practical application of ethical principles
C) Cultural relativism
D) Descriptive ethics
Answer: A) The nature of ethical concepts and
propositions
Explanation:
• Metaethics explores the nature, origins, and
meaning of ethical concepts and propositions.

Q.18) Which ethical theory challenges traditional

principles and emphasizes caring relationships?
A) Utilitarianism
B) Virtue ethics
C) Ethics of care
D) Ethical egoism
Answer: C) Ethics of care
Explanation:
• Ethics of care emphasizes caring relationships as
the foundation of moral reasoning.

Q.19) What is the focus of applied ethics?

A) Development of ethical theories
B) Describing and analyzing moral beliefs
C) Practical application of ethical principles
D) Comparing ethical theories across cultures
Answer: C) Practical application of ethical principles
Explanation:
• Applied ethics examines the practical
application of ethical principles to specific areas
of human life.

Q.20) What does normative ethics aim to provide

guidelines for?
A) Analyzing and resolving moral conflicts
B) Describing moral beliefs without prescribing
C) Comparing ethical theories across cultures
D) Determining the nature of moral duties
Answer: D) Determining the nature of moral dutiesExplanation:
• Normative ethics focuses on establishing and
evaluating moral standards and principles.

Q.21) Which ethical problem in business involves the

misuse of power and influence for personal gain?
A) Insider trading
B) Bribery and corruption
C) Environmental impact
D) Privacy and data security
Answer: B) Bribery and corruption
Explanation:
• Bribery and corruption involve the misuse of
power and influence for personal gain in
business.

Q.22) What are ethical standards?

A) Legal regulations
B) Principles guiding ethical behavior
C) Professional norms
D) Religious doctrines
Answer: B) Principles guiding ethical behavior
Explanation:
• Ethical standards refer to principles or
guidelines that guide and govern ethical
behavior.

Q.23) What do ethical standards provide a framework

for?
A) Legal compliance
B) Evaluating and regulating conduct
C) Financial success
D) Achieving personal goals
Answer: B) Evaluating and regulating conduct
Explanation:
• Ethical standards provide a framework for
evaluating and regulating conduct in various
domains.
Q.24) What is the purpose of ethical standards?
A) Encouraging illegal behavior
B) Ignoring societal values
C) Achieving personal gain
D) Promoting moral conduct
Answer: D) Promoting moral conduct
Explanation:
• The purpose of ethical standards is to promote
moral conduct and uphold important principles
and values.

Q.25) How are rights and duties related?

A) They are unrelated concepts
B) Rights override duties
C) Duties override rights
D) They are interconnected concepts
Answer: D) They are interconnected concepts
Explanation:
• Rights and duties are two interconnected
concepts that define the relationship between
individuals and society.

Q.26) What does distributive justice focus on

__________.
A) Punishment
B) Fair distribution of resources
C) Restoring relationships
D) Legal processes
Answer: B) Fair distribution of resources
Explanation:
• Distributive justice focuses on the fair
distribution of social goods and resources
among members of society.

Q.27) What does retributive justice emphasize?

A) Fair distribution of resources
B) Restoring relationships
C) Punishment
D) Equal access to justice
Answer: C) Punishment
Explanation:
• Retributive justice is concerned with
punishment for offenses or violations.

Q.28) Which theory of justice emphasizes individual

liberty and minimal state interference?
A) Egalitarianism
B) Utilitarianism
C) Libertarianism
D) Communitarianism
Answer: C) Punishment
Explanation:
• Libertarianism emphasizes individual liberty and
minimal state interference.
Q.29) What does the capability approach focus on in
achieving justice?
A) Equal distribution of resources
B) Individual liberties
C) Social cohesion
D) Individuals' capabilities to lead valuable lives
Answer: D) Individuals' capabilities to lead valuable lives
Explanation:
• The capability approach focuses on individuals'
capabilities and freedoms necessary for a
valuable life.

Q.30) What do moral principles provide a foundation

for?
A) Legal regulations
B) Ethical behavior and moral judgments
C) Financial success
D) Personal opinions
Answer: B) Ethical behavior and moral judgments
Explanation:
• Moral principles provide a foundation for
distinguishing right from wrong and guiding
ethical behavior.

Q.31) What is the cognitive component of attitudes?

A) Emotional responses
B) Behavioral tendencies
C) Beliefs and thoughts
D) Well-being
Answer: C) Beliefs and thoughts
Explanation:
• The cognitive component of attitudes involves
the beliefs, thoughts, and knowledge about a
particular target.

Q.32) What do ethical standards primarily provide

guidance for?
A) Legal procedures
B) Decision-making in business
C) Evaluating and regulating ethical behavior
D) Social conformity
Answer: C) Evaluating and regulating ethical behavior
Explanation:
• Ethical standards provide a framework for
evaluating and regulating conduct in various
domains.

Q.33) Where are ethical standards typically based?

A) Personal opinions
B) Legal frameworks
C) Cultural values
D) Ethical principles
Answer: D) Ethical principles
Explanation:
• Ethical standards are typically based on ethical
principles and values.

Q.34) What is the purpose of ethical standards?

A) Encouraging illegal behavior
B) Promoting moral conduct
C) Achieving personal gain
D) Ignoring societal values
Answer: B) Promoting moral conduct
Explanation:
• The purpose of ethical standards is to promote
moral conduct and uphold important principles
and values.

Q.35) What do rights aim to safeguard?

A) Cultural values
B) Autonomy, well-being, and dignity
C) Legal procedures
D) Political ideologies
Answer: B) Autonomy, well-being, and dignity
Explanation:
• Rights aim to safeguard individuals' autonomy,
well-being, and inherent dignity.

Q.36) What is distributive justice primarily concerned

with?
A) Punishment
B) Restoring relationships
C) Fair distribution of social goods and resources
D) Legal processes
Answer: C) Fair distribution of social goods and
resources
Explanation:
• Distributive justice focuses on the fair
distribution of social goods and resources.

Q.37) Why is it important for public relations

professionals to avoid conflicts of interest?
A) Conflicts of interest enhance credibility
B) Conflicts of interest are ethical
C) Conflicts of interest can compromise objectivity and
trustworthiness
D) Conflicts of interest promote transparency
Answer: C) Conflicts of interest can compromise
objectivity and trustworthiness
Explanation:
• Conflicts of interest can compromise the
objectivity and trustworthiness of public
relations efforts, undermining credibility.

Q.38) What does the feminist theory of justice advocate

for?
A) Equal distribution of resources
B) Maximizing overall happiness
C) Addressing gender-based inequalities
D) Promoting individual liberty
Answer: C) Addressing gender-based inequalities
Explanation:
• Feminist theories of justice advocate for justice
that addresses the unique experiences and
needs of women.

Q.39) What is the significance of moral principles?

A) Promoting personal opinions
B) Providing legal regulations
C) Shaping ethical behavior and informing moral
judgments
D) Achieving personal gain
Answer: C) Shaping ethical behavior and informing
moral judgments
Explanation:
• Moral principles provide a foundation for
distinguishing right from wrong and guide
ethical behavior.

Q.40) What does the autonomy principle emphasize?

A) Promoting well-being
B) Respecting self-determination and freedom
C) Preventing harm
D) Fair treatment of individuals
Answer: B) Respecting self-determination and freedom
Explanation:
• The autonomy principle emphasizes respecting
the self-determination and freedom of
individuals.

Q.41) What does the term "nonmaleficence" mean in

moral principles?
A) Do no harm
B) Promoting well-being
C) Honoring commitments
D) Fair distribution of resources
Answer: A) Do no harm
Explanation:
• Nonmaleficence emphasizes the principle of "do
no harm."

Q.42) What role do values play in decision-making?

A) Limited role
B) No role
C) Negative role
D) Influential role
Answer: D) Influential role
Explanation:
• Values play an influential role in decisionmaking
processes by serving as criteria for
assessing options and weighing choices.
Q.43) In ethical decision-making, what does the
acronym RACE stand for?
A) React, Assess, Conclude, Execute
B) Research, Action, Control, Evaluate
C) Recognize, Analyze, Communicate, Evaluate
D) Respond, Adapt, Collaborate, Enhance
Answer: D) Respond, Adapt, Collaborate, Enhance
Explanation:
• RACE stands for Respond, Adapt, Collaborate,
Enhance, representing a systematic approach to
ethical decision-making in public relations.

Q.44) In the context of justice, what does the libertarian

theory emphasize?
A) Fair distribution of resources
B) Maximizing overall happiness
C) Individual liberty and minimal state interference
D) Addressing gender-based inequalities
Answer: C) Individual liberty and minimal state
interference
Explanation:• Libertarianism emphasizes individual liberty and
minimal state interference as the key to
achieving justice.

Q.45) What is the primary focus of restorative justice?

A) Punishment
B) Repairing harm caused by offenses
C) Fair distribution of resources
D) Maximizing overall happiness
Answer: B) Repairing harm caused by offenses
Explanation:
• Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm
caused by offenses through healing and
reconciliation.

Q.46) How do personal values differ from terminal

values?
A) Terminal values guide behavior, while personal
values reflect long-term goals.
B) Terminal values are subjective, while personal values
are objective.
C) Personal values are overarching goals, while terminal
values guide decision-making.
D) Terminal values are beliefs, while personal values are
behavioral tendencies.
Answer: C) Personal values are overarching goals, while
terminal values guide decision-making
Explanation:
• Terminal values represent long-term goals,
while personal values guide behavior and
decision-making.

Q.47) What does the affective component of attitudes

involve?
A) Beliefs and thoughts
B) Emotional or evaluative aspects
C) Behavioral tendencies
D) Decision-making processes
Answer: B) Emotional or evaluative aspects
Explanation:• The affective component of attitudes involves
emotional or evaluative aspects associated with
a target.

Q.48) What is the key role of values in ethical conduct?

A) Promoting individual opinions
B) Establishing legal regulations
C) Guiding individuals in making morally sound choices
D) Achieving personal gain
Answer: C) Guiding individuals in making morally sound
choices
Explanation:
• Values are integral to ethical conduct by guiding
individuals in making choices aligned with moral
principles such as honesty, fairness, and
compassion.

Q.49) What does the affective component of attitudes

encompass?
A) Beliefs and thoughts
B) Emotional responses
C) Behavioral tendencies
D) Decision-making
Answer: B) Emotional responses
Explanation:
• The affective component of attitudes refers to
the emotional or evaluative aspect associated
with a target.

Q.50) What is the behavioral component of attitudes

related to?
A) Well-being
B) Emotional responses
C) Decision-making
D) Behavioral tendencies
Answer: D) Behavioral tendencies
Explanation:
• The behavioral component of attitudes involves
behavioral tendencies or inclinations towards a
target.