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-..

Specifications and Applications Information

The MC34018 Speakerphone integrated circuit incorporates the necessary amplifiers, attenuators, and control functions to produce a high quality hands-free speakerphone system. Included are a microphone amplifier, a power audio amplifier for the speaker, transmit and receive attenuators, a monitoring system for background sound level, and an attenuation control system which responds to the relative transmit and receive levels as well as the background level. Also included are all necessary regulated voltages for both internal and external circuitry, allowing linepowered operation (no additional power supplies required). A Chip Select pin allows the chip to be powered down when not in use. A volume control function may be implemented with an ,. .! ~~ ,x~. tt,i?j: external potentiometer. MC34018 applications include speakerphones for household and business use, intercom systems, a~~< it..+J..+ ,. tomotive telephones, and others. ~.?**<.:.~~:$ 1* .
q

All necessary level detection and attenuation control ~,~lr, ,,$ ~.:i, ~,.. hands-free telephone in a single integrated circuit !]::~+,,t,. ,8>*?:<. .*:. Background noise level monitoring with long time c~,ns$hnt dynamic range through signa~~o,mpression

e Wide operating
q q

DW SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751 F-02 SO-28

@ 28 \+..* 1

~+ ~%.+

On-chip supply and reference voltage reg:la~~: Typical 100 mW output power (into 25 o~~t$P@$h peak limiting :.).>{,, , , . to minimize distortion +++:?.:7,$ Chip Select pin for active/standbyk$&$l$on Linear Volume Control Functiow. ~~) (0.600 inch wide), PLCC Standard 28-pin plastic DIP R&ck& package, and SOIC packa:~+.$~~~~ {,.

q q q

FN SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 776-02 PLCC-28

BLOCK DIAGRAM
ELECTRET MIC TRANSMIT CHANNEL

::$,:., ,;:,

I I

NOISE DETECTOR

CONTROL A COMPARATOR

I
I
SPEAKER

?RECEIVE ATTENUATOR CHANNEL IC SYSTEM A RECEIVE

q~!
,R~;~ Vcc REGULATOR 1= A TELEPHONE LINE Q A ~ r ENABLE INPUT @MOTOROLA INC., 1988

,
DS9664RI

~=
l
L I I

SPEAKERPHONE MC34018

L
RECEIVE VOLUME CONTROL

PIN DESCRIPTION
in Name Description
A resistor to ground provides a reference attenuators. the nominal to the gain RTX 18 m current

Pin Name 17
AGC

Description
A capacitor speaker controls The gain sistance Digital (<0.7 Logic mode O. amp from gain this pin to VB loop, time stabilizes the

1
2

RR

for the transmit RTX A resistor gain

and receive

control loop

and additionally of this circuit. amp inreinte~$~l

to ground

determines proportional

the attack control

and decay limits

of the transmit resistance. 3 TX I

attenuator.

The transmit

channel

the speaker The

is inversely

put to prevent

clipping

at SKO.

at the AGC chip 1 select (>1.6

pin is nominally input.

~1%~%~~s. O at a

Input to the transmit is nominally

attenuator.

Input

resistance

When,,a$~a~~~~c is e~~@~When

5.0 k ohms. attenuator. input line. level detector. An external increases the 20 Vcc external The TXO circuit outlevel which 19 SKI

V) the VCC regulator drawing Input

TXO

Output detector, drives

of the transmit drives as well the

V), the chi~~$@~~h?he standby J.* 0.5 mA. AnbwmJ@ pin is a Logic 140 k ohms. 11 V. impedance sh~&/d$o?exceed arn~iifier. Input

put signal

of the transmit

impedanceja.~~~flally voltage

as the

The input Input

the telephone of the transmit ac coupled Decreasing to transmit level.

to the

spe,~t$f

TLI

Input tion

resistor sensitivity 6 TLO Output resistor will hold speech 7 RLI Input resistor tion sensitivity 8 RLO Output resistor receive 9 MCI

to the TLI pin sets the detecthis resistor channel signals. The external mode after

2QJ&~*ks, \ A 5.4 V reg~~~t~~$~tput except~t:~~~~~~ker can beti~~~o a -~opr%cessor is;~~~~jred. The ~; %~%~ate regulated power

is nominally

which external

powers output circuitry

all circuits stage. VCC such as

amplifier

of the transmit and capacitor the system ceases. of the receive

level detector. setthetime in the transmit

the comparator

(3.0 mA max). A filter capacitor MC34018 can be powered by a supply by connecting V+ and

level

detector.

An

external the

,$ ,? %g&c to a voltage between 4.5 V and 6.5 V while *:::: ,/.: maintaining = at a Logic 1. ,,., 4<,,4 VB +:: k:, **. ..,,. ,<.. An output which erphone current ance 22 Gnd voltage system. may equal to approximately ground of external VCC12 load imped-

ac coupled Decreasing to receive

to the RLI pin sets the detecthis resistor channel level increases signals. The external mode after the ~~~ ..,>, ,.. ...;..t. \ I& is

level.

serves

as an analog be sourced

for the speak-

Up to 1.5 mA from A filter the

of the receive and capacitor signal ceases. amplifier 10 k ohms equal amplifier

detector.

VB. Output

set the time the comparator in the receive

is 250 ohms. pin for

capacitor

is required. the speaker

will hold the system

Ground amplifier).

IC (except

Microphone nominally approximately

input. and the to VB. output.

Input

impe~,a~~e

23

XDC

Transmit during the XDC uators mode.

detector pauses switch The

output.

A resistor words

and capacitor mode When

dc biawvM~~@ ~~w~ !.+, ,,! ~,\.!.>: ,,,,,,. . ,+.. ~~~~$~~$rnp

at this pin hold the system between from pin voltage internal decays resistor 1).

in the transmit or phrases. mode to ground, at XDC

10

MCO

Microphone is internally

gain

the attento the idle

set at 34 dB (5O @~i~ resistor pin to and the and ~3$%#~t$ VC~,h~~s b,#~l&Md CP2. peak detects the speech with the background connected a voltage noise level. the CP1 voltage becorreThe with 24 VLC

the transmit

is nominally

11

CPI

A parallel tween transmit this sponding the speech

2.6 k ohms Volume slider volume less than

(see Figure input. The

control of a variable control.

Connecting provides VLC

this pin to the receive mode be should

detectorc~~,~,,~es sig@~~h

resistor to VB.

pin voltage

or equal control

12

CP2

A capacito~:%t t#@pin signals ~~~j~$~~parison noise :@,@, ~~$d at CPI.

25

ACF

Attenuator control

filter. A capacitor levels of attenuation. attenuator. input

connected

to

this pin reduces switches of the system. The microto the XDI 26 RXO Output pin amp out27 RXI Input of the amplifier.

noise transients

as the attenuator

13

XDI

ln~~~t~& .~,@:~mPlifier ~ *pi@ $hrough

transmit

detector

output an external ground

is ac coupled resistor.

receive

Normally of the

this

is ac coupled

to the

speaker

14

!g~.$. ~~fgh

current

pin for the speaker

$~~~:~ put stage. The SKG voltage should be within 10 .,\>~... ;<,.> , mV of the ground voltage at Pin 22. ~/~. *.$\*t , ~ .? , ..( 1 5+. SKO ~ Speaker amplifier output. The SKO pin will source and sink up to 100 The speaker mA when amp ac coupled to the set speaker. gain is internally

receive

attenuator.

Input

resistance

is nominally 28 RRX A resistor of the gain is

5.0 k ohms. determines The proportional the nominal receive to the gain RRX

to ground directly

receive

attenuator.

channel

at 34 dB (50 VW). 16

resistance. V+ can be powered inductor The from is used required at 7.0 Note: Pin numbers are identical for the DIP, PLCC, and SOIC packages.

v+

Input dc supply to prevent V+ mA. voltage

voltage.

Tip and Ring if an ac decoupling loading

ac line signals.

is 6.0 to 11 V (7.5 V nominal)

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ABSOLUTE
(Voltages

MAXIMUM

RATINGS

referred to Pin 22) (TA = 25C) Parameter

I
V+
=

Value +12, +12, +3.0,

Units
v v v v c

Terminal (Pin 18)

Voltage

(Pin 16)

Speaker Amp Ground (Pin 14) VLC (Pin 24) Storage Temperature
Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the safety

1.0
1.0

*{,3, sg:.;y.~i<t~, ,(,. ,.~,:,.. ~ ~ .!:i ,i ,1~:>.,

,*!.

65to
of the

+150
device cannot be guaranteed.

:.!<i\, ......

~>. ~- ?. .:.* .+ F \,+t~

They are not meant to imply that the devices should be operated at these limits. The Electrical Characteristics tables provide conditions for actual device operation.

RECOMMENDED

OPERATING

CONDITIONS
Parameter Value

~lJ::,\ ,\$*: .?., ,l:i:, ~ : .,,

,, * ,, /pJ},\~ ~: -* ,*W:$;.,$ ,* ,~<:l:,,.hy + .,,pk: $~:,

Units
v v

V+
=

Terminal
(Pin 18)

Voltage

(Pin 16)

Icc (Pin 20)

,.< ,..>,! Q,,{o ~%. U;W8$0 VB ,j , *),+*j< $0250 > .,{,?,,C. o :+ to 5.0 ~~> ,, \ ,<$$ :$,! Ioto+lo ,,t,>\*!.. , .,. ~~,\&,$ . ,,,, ,,:t*..:\.:$\,, 20to +60
.Y

mA
v

VLC (Pin 24) Receive Signal (Pin 27) Microphone Signal (Pin 9)

mVrm~ mVrm~ mVdc

Speaker Amp Ground (Pin 14) Ambient Temperature

, .,. ,f:\ ~,~i ~?&.} ~.jt.i\.~~ ~ J> ..+i::??, .,% ...>... <L;.,

:..

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
I SUPPLY VOLTAGES V+ Supply Current V+ = llV, Pin18=0.7V V+ = llV, Pin 18= 1.6V VCC Voltage (V+ = 7.5 V) Parameter

(Refer to Figure I )

,: * .,, 1,y~ymbol

Pin

Min

Typ

Max

Units

16 20 4.9 2.5 5.4 65 6.0 80 2.9 250 9.0 800 5.9 150 20 300 3.3 mA pA Vdc mV ohms mV Vdc ohms

VCC SAT ,,,:$,r,:t:.,..}.? \:t.>l.. ~, VB Voltage (V+ = 7.5 V) . .:l;,... Output Resistance (IB = $~~@) VB ROVB 21

Receive Attenuato6eG~n!~ 1.0 kHz) Rx Mode, Pin ~%~~?~; Pin 27 = 250 mVrms Range (Rx J~wbdes) Idle Mod.@+W$,i? = 250 rnvrms
:>* ,~. ~ ,

GRx AGRX GRXI

26, 27

2.0 40 20 1.8

VRXO
AVRxo RXO Sink Current (Rx Mode) RXO Source Current (Rx Mode) RXI Input Resistance Volume Control Range (Rx Attenuator 0.6 VB < Pin 24< VB) Gain, Rx Mode IRXOL IRXOH RRXI

75 1.0 3.5 24.5

T
6.0 44 16 2.3

10

48 12 3.2

dB dB dB Vdc mV WA mA kQ dB

100
3.0
8.0

5.0

32.5

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Products Inc.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
I

(continued)

Parameter ATTENUATORS
Transmit Range, Attenuator Gain (@ 1.0 kHz)

Symbol

Pin

Min

Typ

Max

Units

..

3, GTX 4

Tx Mode, Idle Mode, TXO Delta TXO TXO TXI Voltage TXO

Pin 3 = 250 mVrms Pin 3 = 250 mVrms (Tx Mode) (Switch (Tx Mode) (Tx Mode) from Tx to Rx Mode)

(Tx to Rx Mode)

AGTX
GTXI VTXO

4.0 40
16.5 1.8

6.0 44
13 2.3

8.0 48
8.5 3.2

dB

f., ~. ....w,.>,~, ..,. q\;, .. ~

Voltage

AVTXO
lTXOL ITXOH RTXI

75 1.0 3.5 ,,

Sink Current Source Input

Current

~$ :.r:ptic , ,:,, ~,\*;) .$).~j~, ?.>.. \ >/,, I@@ . j ,, mV ,i~:>+ \ .<$: .!t.~,.~ , .*,?:*. ,,, ~ ..,L~ pA !...., .~$ ,,.,.:,s:; ..;tJ*f~~ :., *,,. ~ $[1 mA . ,?! ,,$- ~+ .$;, 3.0 80 kQ

Resistance (VCC Pin 25 Voltage)

ACF Voltage Rx Mode Rx Mode Idle Mode SPEAKER Speaker SKI Input

AVACF

20,
25

~ .~!~... t.%.,
~$~<% ,>$:% \ * ., .-,.:,,,,*,,.?i,.~, .,.,, ~<+ ..:, ,:+3,:,,,.,

,,,,,$j$&; ,.. ~,4s$:$, .$.

~;$:, \ +i$+,{..(.q5 o 6.0 75

mV mV mV

AMPLIFIER Amp Gain (Pin 19 = 20 mVrms) GSpK RSKI to GND) mA load VSKO

Resistance (Pin 19 = Cap Couple

15, \~ i:. $!33 .:~+.,t,~~ 19w;?+~ ~a:. ~,l\ 15 ~i$,~, \> ).,~, ::$,,,, 2.4 5.5

34 22

35 37

dB kQ Vdc Vdc

SKO Voltage SKO High

Voltage

(Pin 19 = 0.1 V, 100

at Pin 15) SKO Low Voltage (Pin 19 = 0.1 V, + 100 mA load

. $$:k v $. $: *2}., >J:,,,J,9: VSKW;$ ~s ~:: ,\ ... ~,~,y ,.j $;3,VS;OL ~.>:: ... . ..?.,.8, ,>, .

3.0

3.6

600

mV

at Pin 15)

ILKRLO ILKTLO

2.0 2.0 1.2

pA VA

6 5,7 25

0.8

ITH

.>
Rx Mode RXI to SKO 10 mVrms, 1.0 kHz) TXD 1.0 kHz) RXD 27, 15 4,9 (Pin 27 = Tx Mode

1.5

0/0

MCI to TXO

2.0

Yo

(pin g = 5.0 mvrms, NOTES:

1. V+ = 7.5 V, ~ = 0.7 V except where noted. 2. Rx Mode: Rn 7 = 100 PA, Pin 5 = + 100 wA, except where noted. Tx Mode: Pin 5,13 = lOO@, Pin7 = +100 @, Pin 11 = Ovolts. Idle Mode: Pin 5 = 100 PA, Pin 7, 13 = +100 KA. 3. Current into a pin designated aa +; current out of a pin designated as . 4, Voltages referred to Pin 22, TA = + 25C.

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TEMPERATURE

CHARACTERISTICS Parameter

( -20

to + 60C) Pin 16 16 Typical Change 0.2 0.4 Units O/olOc /olOc

V+ Supply Current (V+ = 11 V, Pin 18 = 0.7 V) V+ Supply Current (V+ = 11 V, Pin 18 = 1.6 V) Vcc Voltage (V+ = 7.5 V) Attenuator Gain (Max and Min Settings) Delta RXO, TXO Voltages Speaker Amp Gain Microphone Amp Gain Microphone Amp Input Resistance Tx-Rx Switching Threshold (@ 20 wA)

20
4,26 15,19 9,10 9 587

+0.1
t 0,003 f 0.24 +0,003 t 0.001 + 0.4 *0.2

/OPc
dBPC ,
o/o/o~ ?$C+,>

~.<,~,!,k;,i$$, * $gf~$ ~~ ..!$<%P8 ~ {;ia~~c *,,*.~ . ,.:.

ATTENUATORS The mentary the They other transmit and receive i.e., when attenuators and paths are complegain versa. in function, one is at maximum vice main

occur

if the filter

were

not p~~~nt.~he

filters

insertion

loss is 1.5 dB at 1.0 kHz. J&i!$&?~uts

of the attenuators

is at maximum the transmit operation 25). The

attenuation, and receive solely voltage which

are never

both on or both off. Their required ACF

purpose

is to control the half-duplex The

to provide at

are inverted from theirf$fi~:~~ Referring to the dt~~~~?br control block, the AVacf by three inputs. The voltage at its outpu~~~~~termined
relationship of,~$
~.. +., j]

inphts

and output

is summarized

in

of a speakerphone. by the voltage is provided Detector receives

attenuators pin (Pin

are controlled Control block,

the ACF

by T$$~ ~g?%.

the Attenuator a) the Rx-Tx parator, from attenuators VCC,

3 inputs: Comof the

~s: ~~ransmit
% Det Comp
Transmit Idle Transmit Idle

Comparator, is based

b) the Transmit Control. a simple

and c) the Volume and therefore operation

The response method

Volume Control
No Effect No Effect Affects AVacf Affects AVacf

AVacf
6.0 mV 75 mV 50-150 mV 50-150 mV

Mode
Transmit Idle Receive Receive

onthedifference is to monitor If AVacf attenuator the

of the ACFvoltage for monitordifthis voltage is approximately on and,t$$g If ,~~$~c? is J&<~#$~%mode).

ing the circuit ference receive ceive circuit (referred 6 millivolts

to as AVacf). is fully

$~Tra$smit ,T;,up J%Ahamit +* @Receive ~,..,i>,, ? Receive ,>.$J

the transmit

is fully circuit

As can parator Control The when above parator a result is effective

be seen only

from

the truth

table, mode,

the Tx-Rx

com-

attenuator mode.

off (transmit

dominates. is effective Tx-Rx there any then

The Transmit in the transmit only

Detector

Comparator

is approximately

150 millivolts

and the Volume mode. transmit present position over and Comis signal), is due into signal

If AVacf

is approximately

75 ~~~~@~~6; the

in the receive is in the transmit whether noise signal

and the two qt$+q$~&rs are at gain settings approximately half wa~~~&@$ between their fully on and fully off positionsj~$::{,} The maximum gain and attenubtl~~~alues are determined bythethree resistors~$R~~%X, and RRX (Refer to Figures 2, 3 and 4). RR a,ff~ts~~oth attenuators according to its value RELA~~Wt$tO RTX and RRX, which is why Figure 4 indicat~ tti~~,v%riations versus the ratio of the other resistor$~j~~ (GRX and GTX are the maximum gains, and,+~,$$~~fi>d ATX are the maximum atgain and attenuation of only tenuations). RT.$q~e&hthe the transmit q~,$~kor according to the curves of Figure 2, while R,QWa~cts only the receive attenuator according to tiQ\~$~&. As can be seen from the figures, the gain d~~g~oce (from on to off) is a reasonably constant 45 @.JRlil the upper gain limit is approached. A value of 3:~~~~srecommended for RR as a starting point, and
then fiTX goals. The RXI) which (707 pacitor input will mVp-p). at RXO impedance not cause The in the of the output ohm attenuators distortion resistor path. This (at TXI input is 250 and 0.01 and and RRX selected to suit the particular design

is in the idle mode,

comparator is sufficient signal.

receive

The Transmit (a relatively

Detector stable will

determines consists noise, (AVacf =

the transmit

of background which mode

or speech the mit idle

of bursts. attenuators 75 mV). will

If the signal

to background of speech, mode this function Detector there ground age will maximum less than The Tx-Rx noise now

the = 6.0

be put

If the signal

consists of

the attenuators (AVacf Circuit. comparator receive AND will be found

be switched

to the trans-

mV, ) A further in the section is in the receive signal signals. (Pin 24)

explanation on the Transmit position The AVacf control = VB.

when voltis

is sufficient

to overcome

the backis at the IF VLC

any speech i.e. VLC

be 150 mV IF the volume

position,

is typically

5.0 k~, and the maximum 4300

signal mVrms KF ca-

and the attenuation of the transmit attenuator, will vary in a complementary manner as shown in Figure 5. It can be seen that at the minimum recommended operating level (VLC = 0.55 VB)the gain of the transmit attenuator is actually greater than that of the receive attenuator.
The effect of varying the gain VLC is to vary with AVacf, with a reFigure sulting 6 shows variation in the gains variations of the attenuators. AVacf.

VB, the gain of the receive attenuator,

(in Figure receive acoustic

1 ) filters feedback

out high helps problems

frequency minimize which may

components high frequency

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The capacitor at ACF (Pin 25) smooths the transition between operating modes. This keeps down any clicks in the speaker or transmit signal when the ACF voltage switches. The gain separation of the two attenuators can be reduced from the typical 45 dB by adding a resistor between Pins 20 (VCC) and 25 (ACF). The effect is a reduction of the maximum AVacf voltage in the receive mode, while not affecting AVacf in the transmit mode. As an example, adding a 12 kQ resistor will reduce AVacf by approximately 15 mV (to 135 mV), decrease the gain of the receive attenuator by approximately 5.0 dB, and increase the gain of the transmit attenuator by a similar amount. If the circuit requires the receive attenuator gain to be +6.0 dB in the receive mode, RRX must be adjusted (to = 27 k) to re-establish this value. This change will also increase the receive attenuator gain in the transmit mode by a similar amount. The resistor at TLI may also require changing to reset the sensitivity of the transmit level detector. LOG AMPLIFIERS (Transmit and Receive Level Detectors) The log amps monitor the levels of the transmit and receive signals, so astotell the Tx-Rx comparator which mode should be in effect. The input signals are applied to the amplifiers (at TLI and RLI) through AC coupling capacitors and current limiting resistors. The value of these components determines the sensitivity of the respective amplifiers, and has an effect on the switching times between transmit and receive modes. The f~&dback elements for the amplifiers are back-to-back @~~$ which provide a logarithmic gain curve, thus @~Q~{n9 operation over a wide range of signal level$~~,~hqoutputs of the amplifiers are rectified, havin ~$i~~~$ckrise %> . time and a slow decay time. The rise ti,m~~~~~stermined primarily by the external capacitor ~&t%&bor RLO) and an internal 500 ohm resistor, an,@~,~sJ~@\the order of a fraction of a millisecond. The de~~y$me is determined by the external resistor an~~c~$$~tor, and is on the order of a fraction of a :,w~~Q~4~he switching time is not fixed, but depends @~, he relative values of the J transmit and receiv~d(gnay%, as well as these external components. Figu@&<#,>,.\}, ,,J &@dicatesthe dc transfer characteristics of th~b#i, ~ .,.......,, . amps, and Figure 8 indicates the transfer char~$b~,st~cs with respect to an ac input sig,,,,:$? \ $,>$ TLI, nal. The d<c$~:~i++t RLI, TLO, and RLO is approximately M@. ~P Th~%#~RX comparator responds to the voltages at TLO %~Y#~LO, which in turn are functions of the currents sd~:wout of TLI and RLI, respectively. If an offset at thet$omparator input is desired, e.g., to prevent noise from switching the system, or to give preference to either the transmit or receive channel, this may be achieved by biasing the appropriate input (TLI or RLI). A resistor to ground will cause a DC current to flow out of that input, thus forcing the output of that amplifier to be biased slightly higher than normal. This amplifier then becomes the preferred one in the system operation. Resistor values from 500 k to 10 M ohms are recommended for this purpose.

SPEAKER AMPLIFIER The speaker amplifier has a fixed gain of 34 dB (50 VN), and is noninverting. The input impedance is nominally 22 k~ as long as the output signal is below that required to activate the Peak Limiter. Figure 9 indicates the typical output swing available at SKO (Pin 15). Since the output current capability is 100 mA, the Iower$curve is limited to a 5.0 volt swing. The output im~~~~ce depends on the output signal level and is re~~$i~~~~ow as long as the signal level is not near [Q$Jt~~$imum limits. At 3 volts p-p the output impedanx 1~:.@.5 ohms, and at 4.5 volts p-p it is <3 ohms, Jk~$&u%put is short circuit protected at approximately ~~ $:x. When the amplifier is over~~&$@%he peak limiter causes a portion of the inpg{ sIE,@l to be shunted to ground, in order to main~~:$$ constant output level. The effect is that of a g~~$<eduction caused by a reduction of the input{&<~#@fice (at SKI) to a value not less than 2.0 k~. ,$~t~~y: The capacitor a@@ 17 (AGC) determines the response time ,~~~~e peak limiter circuit. When a large input signa~e~~~~p~ied to SKI, the voltage at AGC (Pin 17) will ~$p $ulckly as a current source is applied to the ext#k&a~Vapacitor. When the large input signal is red~ced>~e current source is turned off, and an internal I,~&W resistor discharges the capacitor so the voltage &%~~$G~ can return to its normal value (1.9 Vdc). The *i*;&#acitor additionally stabilizes the peak limiting feedk@$~%ack loop. .t,j . If there is a need to mute thespeaker amplifier without ,\ ~i:. disabling the rest of the circuit, this may be accomplished by connecting a resistor from the AGC pin to ground. A 100 kQ resistor will reduce the gain by 34 dB (O dB from SKI to SKO), and a 10 k resistor will reduce the gain by almost 50 dB. TRANSMIT DETECTOR CIRCUIT The transmit detector circuit, also known as the background noise monitor, distinguishes speech (which consists of bursts) from the background noise (a relatively constant signal). It does this by storing a voltage level, representative of the average background noise, in the capacitor at CPI (Pin 11). The resistor and capacitor at this pin have a time constant of approximately 5 seconds (in Figure 1). The voltage at Pin 11 is applied to the inverting input of the Transmit Detector Comparator, In the absence of speech signals, the noninverting input receives the same voltage level minus an offset of 36 mV. In this condition, the output of the comparator will be low, the output transistor turned off, and the voltage at XDC (Pin 23) will be at ground. If the Tx-Rx comparator is in the transmit position, the attenuators will be in the idle mode (AVacf=75 mV). When speech is presented to the microphone, the signal burst appearing at XDI reaches the noninverting input of the transmit detector comparator before the voltage at the inverting input can change, causing the output to switch high, driving the voltage at XDC up to approximately 4 volts. This high level causes the attenuator control block to switch the attenuators from the idle mode to the transmit mode (assuming the Tx-Rx comparator is in

MOTOROLA

Semiconductor
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Products Inc.

supply. The required supply current, with no signal to the transmit mode). As long as the speech continues to the speaker, is shown in Figure 12. The upper curve arrive, and is maintained at a level above the backindicates the normal operating current when Chip Seground, the voltage at XDC will be maintained at a high lect (Pin 18) is at a Logic O. Figure 13 indicates the level, and the circuit will remain in the transmit mode. average dc current required when supplying various The time constant of the components at XDC will depower levels to a 25 ohm speaker. Figure 13 also inditermine how much time the circuit requires to return to cates the minimum supply voltage required to provide the idle mode after the cessation of microphone speech the indicated power levels. The peak in the power*~ppsignals, such as occurs during the normal pauses in pIy current at 5.05.4 volts occurs as the V$GW?&it speech. ,.,J*:$ , ,$:!:,\y * $. comes into regulation. The series resistor and capacitor at XDI (Pin 13) determine the sensitivity of the transmit detector circuit. It is imperative that the V+ supply (Pin~~~l;@&h good Figure 10 indicates the change in DC voltage levels at ac ground for stability reasons. If th;~$$bf~~i~not well CP2 and CPI in response to a steady state sine wave filtered (by a 1000 pF capacitor AT T~$,E)$#hY VariatiOn applied at the input of the 0.068 VF capacitor and 4700 by the required s~~~h>~urrent flowing at v+ caused ohm resistor (the voltage change at CPI is 2.7 times through this pin can cause a I,qw%g.@#uencyscillation. o greater than the change at CP2). Increasing the resistor, The result is usually that th~$~$$uitwill cut the speaker or lowering the capacitor, will reduce the response at signal on and off at the ra.~@&few hertz. Experiments these pins. The first amplifier (between XDI and CP2) is have shown that only s~~$~~hhes of wire between the logarithmic in order that this circuit be able to handle supply and the IC pa~:,,~~&4~ethe problem if the filter a wide range of signal levels (or in other words, it recapacitor is not phy$~~?~ adjacent to the IC. It is equally sponds equally well to people who talk quietly and to imperative tha~&@th gtound pins (Pins 14 and 22) have people who shout). Figure 7 indicates the dc transfer a low loss c@~~M/~tin to the power supply ground. *,Y ~:?, J characteristics of the log amp. t+,,,>)]: .\..,- {,, >,,:,t,tw ,>.\ Figure 11 indicates the response at Pins 11, 12, and Vcc 1~<:,, . 23 to a varying signal at the microphone. The series of V~S (~h$20) is a regulated output voltage of 5.4 volts, events in Figure 11 is as follows: +h~~~~ V. Regulation will be maintained as long as V+ 1) CP2 (Pin 12) follows the peaks of the speech ~f%,~~ally) 80 mV greater than the regulated value of signals, and decays at a rate determined by the 10 :~~~~~ Up to 3 milliamps can be sourced from this supply PA current source and the capacitor at this pin. :i~~ibr external use. The output impedance is <20 ohms. 2) CPI (Pin 11) increases at a rate determined by * The 47 PF capacitor indicated for connection to Pin ,.>;: the RC at this pin after CP2 has made a positive tra~ 20 is essential for stability reasons. It must be located sition. It will follow the decay pattern of CP2. ,<$,~$$~ adjacent to the IC. 3) The noninverting input of the Transmit D~$Q$~r If the circuit is deselected (see section on Chip Select), Comparator follows CP2, gained up by 2.~,~~n~,rethe VCC voltage will go to O volts. duced by an offset of 36 mV. This voltag~@~~~@ared If the MC34018 is to be powered from a regulated ,. , ~tf~ to CPI, determines the output of the -atOr. supply (not the Tip and Ring lines) of less than 6.5volts, 4) XDC (Pin 23) will rise quickly $%>$%~~dc rein the configuration of Figure 14 may be used so as to sponse to a positive transition at,v~~$%~$ut will decay ensure that VCC is regulated. The regulated voltage is at a rate determined by the RC 4\:th~~ pin. When XDC applied to both V+ and VCC, with = held at a Logic is above 3.25 Vdc, the circu@%,~&e in the transmit l so as to turn off the internal regulator (the Chip mode. As it decays towar&~@&~&nd, the attenuators Select function is not available when the circuit is used are taken to the idle m~~e]~ in this manner). Figure 15 indicates the supply current .,*,. ,,,,, used bythisconfiguration, with no signal at the speaker. MICROPHONE AMP*F When a signal issenttothe speaker, the curves of Figure The microphon~~~~~~ler is noninverting, has an in13 apply. ternal gain of 34~~t~~&~N), and a nominal input impedance of 10 k~%~output impedance is typically <15 VB ohms. Th@%aF$wum p-p voltage swing available at the VB is a regulated output voltage with a nominal value of 2.9 volts, +/0.4 volts. It is derived from VCC and outPut,.J~i~*ximatelY 2.0 volts less than VCC, which is sub~~,~?tally more than what is required in most aptracks it, holding a value of approximately 54A of VCC. plic~~~~s. The input at MCI (Pin 9) should be ac coupled 1.5 milliamps can be sourced from this supply at a typto th$microphone so as to not upset the bias voltage. ical output impedance of 250 ohms. Generally, microphone sensitivity may be adjusted by The 47 PF capacitor indicated for connection to the varying the 2 k microphone bias resistor, rather than by VB pin is required for stability reasons, and must be attempting to vary the gain of the amplifier. adjacent to the IC. If the circuit is deselected (see section on Chip Select), POWER SUPPLY the VB voltage will go to O volts. The voltage supply for the MC34018 at V+ (Pin 16) should be in the range of 6.0 to 11 volts, although the circuit will operate down to 4.0 volts. The voltage can be supplied either from Tip and Ring, or from a separate

MOTOROLA
@

Semiconductor
7

Products Inc.

CHIP The

SELECT Chip Select pin (Pin 18) allows the chip to be shown in Figure 12. The input resistance at Pin 18 is

down anytime its functions are not required. A Logic l level in the range of 1.6Vto 11 V deselects the chip, and the resulting supply current (at V+) is
powered

>75 kQ. The VCC and VB regulated voltages go to 0.0 when the chip is deselected. Leaving Pin 18 open is equivalent to a Logic O (chip enabled).

12

4,7

11=1

VB ~

. .

.}$

,7 k 0.068

I w

Receive 10 Amn 8 + 1.0

2,2 M

..,*.

m
RR, BXO

SK,

SKG

28

26

19

14

18 k

4300

0,01 ~

0.05

FIGURE 2 ::~&@MIT

ATTENUATOR

versus RTX

FIGURE 3 RECEIVE ATTENUATOR

versus RRX

+10

o 10
20 dB 30 40 50 -60 70 IK RTX (OHMS) 10k RRX(OHMS) IOOK

MOTOROLA
@

Semiconductor
8

Products Inc.

-,
FIGURE 4 GAIN AND ATTENUATION versus RESISTOR RATIOS FIGURE 5 ATTENUATOR I +10 o lo 20
dB 3o 40 50 60 70

GAIN versus VLC

I
\GTX /
I

+5
o

RRX = 18K RTX = 91 K

RR = 30K I
Receive Mode

5 lo
dB 15 20 25 30

I
I \

Circuit in

+ 35 40 0.5 1.0 RATIO 5,0 10

. Recommended

.?~, 0,2 ~@:&;Jkjb 0.6 0.8 1.0

0.1

FIGURE 6 ATTENUATOR

GAIN versus AVacf

,>;::,,, >,, FIG~f~T=iOG AMP TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS

+5 o 5 lo dB 15 20 25 30 35

ol
o

20

40 DC INPUTCURRENT (wA)

60

I 80

:{!:>,:$

FIGURE 8 LO~:k~P 150

TRANSFER

CHARACTERISTICS

FIGURE 9 SPEAKER AMP OUTPUT

versus SUPPLY VOLTAGE

120 <p.

*00 /

o C = 0.068

...

I@ lo kHz) 30

0 0 10 30 INPUT VOLTAGE 50 (mVp-p) 70

4,0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9,0

10

11

V+ (VOLTS)

Semiconductor
9

Products Inc.

FIGURE 10 RESPONSE AT CP2 AND CPI 600

500 400 / 300 / 200 100 o 0 / ~

AVCP2

(Hn 12)

50

100

150

200

250

.-.
Solid Line = CPI (Pin 11) Dotted Line = Noninverting Input of Transmit Detector Comp, ~

____
AV1

__

t 12.7x I

---..>..

____

__

t XDC (Pin 23) on components ,,k$,1, * ~~t, et .$* FIGURE 12 SUPPbk Q@RENT *%1,, :&$!, ~~..si.:y$ ., 8.0 versus SUPPLY VOLTAGE 35. shown in figure 1. FIGURE 13 SUPPLY CURRENT versus SUPPLY VOLTAGE versus SPEAKER POWER I 100mW I 80 mW I 50 mW

30 ~ ~
i & ~

VSKO = ovrm~ 4,0 3.0 2.0 ~

25

20 20mW 15 A > L -10 mW 6.0mW 6,0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10 11

1,0 o. 4.0 5,0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9,0

Cs=l I 10 11 10 4,0

v+ (VOLTS)

5.0

V+ (VOLTS)

MOTOROLA

Semiconductor
10

Products

Inc.

FIGURE 15 SUPPLY CURRENT FIGURE 14 ALTERNATE POWER SUPPLY CONFIGURATION versus SUPPLY VOLTAGE (SEE FIGURE 14)

(Regulated supply)

S m 1000 KF -

-.,

SWITCHING TIME The switching times of the speakerphone circuit de1) ,,Jh~!~$Cs at Pins 5 and 7 have a dual function in pend not only on the various external components, but tb~~:they affect the sensitivity of the respective log also on the operating condition of the circuit at the time .~qb?$fiers, or in other words, how loud the speech a change is to take effect. For example, the switching ~:$$$jy:~st be in order to gain control of the speakerphone time from idle to transmit is generally quicker than the ..~*?.:;/*j.:. ~:: circuit. switching time from receive to transmit (or transmit to k&.: ,., receive). \,$>:., 2) The RC at Pin 13 also has a dual function in that The components which most significantly affect t~~ it determines the sensitivity of the transmit detector timing between the transmit and receive modes~~~kt;,l, circuit. those at Pins 5 (transmit turn-on), 6 (transmit tur.~~~j ~;~. .>J.i,:y. 7 (receive turn-on), and 8 (receive turn-off). TQ~~~ur 3) The volume control affects the switching speed, timing functions are not independent, but in$$wt$?nce and the relative response to transmit signals, in the the Tx-Rx comparator operates on a RE~~~?:~x-Rx ..,>::, $$~.,~ ~J ,,i following manner: When the circuit is in the receive comparison, rather than on absolute ~a~~~,~~~he commode, reducing the volume control setting increases ponents at Pins 11, 12, 13, and 23 a~J~~J~Q,,~timing from the signal at TXO, and consequently the signal to the the transmit to the idle mode. T~@in$ from the idle atTxl will switch the TLI pin. Therefore a given signal mode to transmit mode is rela$~&$~&uick (due to the circuit into the transmit mode quicker at low volume quick charging of the varia~&>~~,@citors), and is not settings. greatly affected by the co~bo~knt values. Pins 58 do not affect the idle-to-t~$~srn~sti ming since the Tx-Rx The photographs of Figures 16 and 17 indicate excomparator must alr$t~~fke in the transmit mode for perimentally obtained switching response times for the \a,\\ ,,, .:} this to occur. .....<. circuit of Figure 1. In Figure 16, the circuit is provided The following.~~~~~~ovides a summary of the effect a continuous receive signal of 1.1 mVp-p at RXI (trace on the switchws~%fie of the various components, in#3). A repetitive burst signal of 7.2 mVp-p, lasting 120 eluding thqf$ol.~%e control: ~i ),.+l.i:,,+. ~,,f...~,:k.:k ,.,,,..

.....
~~w? ~.: Components RC @ Pin RC @ Pin RC @ Pin RC @ Pin RC@Pinll C@ Pin RC @Pin RC @ Pin V@ Pin C @ Pin 5 6 7 8 12 13 23 24 25 Tx to
RX

Rx to

TX

Tx to Idle No effect No effect No effect No effect Moderate Significant Slight Significant No effect Slight

--

Moderate Significant Significant Moderate No effect No effect No effect No effect No effect Moderate

Significant Moderate Moderate Significant Slight Slight Slight Slight Moderate Moderate

MOTOROLA

Semiconductor
11

Products Inc.

milliseconds, to MCI (Trace is approximately is the output mode

and #1).

repeated Trace and time mode #2 650 mVp-p

every

1 second,

is applied at TXO, Trace the and #4

is the output its maximum, sequence, ceive receive part

at TXO

and is approximately #4 indicates 150 mVp-p switches required the

90 mVp-p

at

is the output at its maximum.

and Trace

the output

at RXO, In this idle to

and is approximately the circuit The modes. of Traces

at its maximum. between to switch receive from

at RXO, The

is approximately to switch from is approximately for TXO at MCI mode

2.2 mVp-p receive on, and 40 ms, as is shut off, is approxis apof #2 approxTrace

the idle and reby the first

at its maximum. indicated for RXO imately

time

to the transmit by the time to turn 210 ms. time

is approximately to switch

70 ms, as indicated

required

to turn

2 and 4. After

signal, }~,,shut

off. After

the signal

off, the time imately icantly well

the switching In Figure 100 mVp-p imately

back to the receive signal

100 ms. by varying

All of the above of 7.6 mVp-p burst lasting #3), #1), and a repetitive every signal as by varying

back to the idle mode<~$~~~$bx.,, -l!. : ** ,,!y >. :\,& mentioned times wil,!:,~~mg~ signifof th~~~~pq?signals, ~,~ co@:@n~ts. .,, as the external

17, a continuous is applied

the amplitude

plied to MCI (Trace

to RXI (Trace

120 ms, and repeated

1 second.

FIGURE 16 TRANSMIT-RECEIVE

SWITCHING

1
Burst Input @ n

flcl

1
2

Input @ MCI Output @ TXO

Output @ TXO

Input @ RXI

Burst Input @ RXI

Output @ RXO j,

Output @ RXO

~\J *:?,*$.~.. ,. ,

APPLICATIONS
The MC34018 the the functions is added speech (far end necessary phone of the phone Speakerphone additionally to a standard relative signals (near spea~$$). is $~~~~ed

lNFORMq~#@?f ,,> ~;:,,,,,>.\. \ 4+>>:

HS in the both low, the

on-hook MC34014

position, and from The the

power MC34018,

is then and

applied

to the opthe

CS is held Anytime sets the data active reverts

enabling handset mode

the speakerphone switch diode mode. of the operation The VDD

function. circuitry MC34014

handset to the erational

is removed

HS, the circuit

tsl~h~%e. .4,:?: .Q.{$;t The IC provides . $ level ~~et~~tlon and comparison ~_@~,~@&by for use with an electret type the talkers at the tele-

MC34014 (see the tone supply dialer

so as to optimize interface with the an

speakerphone for further for MUTE nominal vide clude switch), Figure connection signal.

sheet low is a pro-

speakerphone The MC34018 microphone, power ponents this

end Ya:>$ker) and at the distant

details). to The

dialer from

is meant

a DTMF

MC34014

a.<%~~hm speaker, and has an output .. ,*<:* capa,bi!~~~f (typically) 100 mW. All external com,~UFF~#hdlng this device additional are passive, circuitry however, to circuits to interface

3.3 volts. 19 depicts

The MC34017 function.

and piezo sounder which does

the ringing a handset,

a configuration or ringer. control. telephone

not inare

IC ,@~es~r&quire

dialer,

The only controls It is meant which

the~~&~n@+~ing telephone lines. Two suggested .!.,, :.::&~ , :$+ ! are shQwh in this data sheet. **?,\+.,..:,\, \~..:> $@~re 18 depicts a circuit using the MC34014 Ne%ork circuitry normally (to provide necessary open the line intefiace), between Switch as well to switch mode. the handset

S1 (to make in parallel and Figure signals MC34018 cuit parator whether LM393 current ment

the connection normal

to the line),

S2 (a privacy to be used hasthedialing logic level the commode) The of its low require-

and the volume witha functions.

Speech as the mode one is the open, speech it. Upon switch

ringing that

20 depicts indicate receive

a means which

of providing mode of

and the speakerphone hook switch hook position. HS2 closed), network, of the closing actuated When power

HS (containing contact) (HSI shown MC34014

operation whether and

and one normally the handset is applied high

closed

is in. Comparator B indicates the circuit dual requirement (when was (<1.0

A indicates in the

the cir-

by the handset, to the

in the on-

is in the

or transmit/idle is in the transmit chosen mA), low

mode, transmit/idle because voltage

is off-hook

or idle mode.

and consequently MC34018 is held the two poles

the handset, SS, AND

and the CS pin placing

comparator

so as to disable

of switch

(as low as 2.0 volts),

and low cost.

MOTOROLA
@

Semiconductor
12

Products

Inc.

10 k

m
I
30kl RR 91k2 RTX .1 3 TXI 1.0

3.0 k + RRX Rx, 28 27 i?5 l\ 1

2.2 k + ,,4.7

Rxo 2
ACF VLC 25 24

3.3 k

;,O

1[
!

.01
(~ VOL

Tiu

kg

<r

Ring

F
Line Jack 3

Phone Line

Piezo

Diodes:

1 N4148

except

where

noted. 5

FIGURE 19 BASIC LINE POWERED SPEAKERPHONE

. >~
Hook Switch Ring Tip

I
VB

Microphone

&

&
0.05 2.0 k Speaker (25 OHMS) &

S2 0.1 k

L
Cs

4.7 k

=,,

RLI

RXI

47*

VLC

V8

Vcc

RTx

h@

RRX

RXO

SKI

CP2

XDC

TLO

RLO

GND

VB Volume Control 24 k

1~

1.

Diodes are 1N4001 unless

RLO

TLO

Vcc 20

vB 21

XDC
23

3 2 + A 1

&

Comparators A & B = LM393 (Dual)

MOTOROLA
@

Semiconductor
14

Products Inc.

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

MOTOROLA
@

Semiconductor
15

Products Inc.

r]]
B ~

Ola[O.007)@

IT I N@

P@~L@-M@l

P_~
-L-

-M28 LEADS ACTUAL ~Y 7 ,.,

A+

o la (0.007) @

T;

L@-M@

N@-P@

lTIL@-M@]N@p@l

1+10.25 (0.OIOl@

IT I L@-M@l

N@-P@I

NOTES. DUE TO SPACE LIMITATION, CASE 776-02 SHALL BE REPRESENTED BY A GENERAL (SMALLERI CASE OUTLINE DRAWING RATHER THAN SHOWING ALL 28 LEADS. 2. DATUMS L-, -M-, -N-, AND P- DETERMINED WHERE TOP OF LEAO SHOULOER EXIT PLASTIC BOOY AT MOLO PARTING LINE. 3. DIM G], TRUE POSITION TO BE MEASUREO AT OATUM .T-, SEATING PLANE. 4. OIM R ANO U DO NOT INCLUDE MOLO PRoTRusION. ALLOWABLE MOLDPROTRUSION IS 0.25(0,010)PER SIDE 5 DIMENSIONING ANO TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14,5M, 1982. 6 CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH

1.

not

assume r(ghts

any Act!on

liablllty~rising Em DlOver

out of others

of the-application Motorola and~are

or use of any registered

product trademarks

or c!rcuit

described Inc.

herelr, Motorola,

ne!ther Inc

does

it convey

any

Ilcense

under

Its

patent

nor the rights

of Motorola,

IS an Equal

Employment

Oppoflunlty/

Affirmative

MOTOROLA
1,8795 PRIXTm
1. sA 3-88 LW= LIWO C55380

Semiconductor
BOX 20912
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q A

SUBSIDIARY

OF

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INC