CONSTRUCTION METHODS and EQUIPMENT

CONSTRUCTION METHODS and EQUIPMENT

EXCAVATORS

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 Excavators
COMPONENT PARTS

BUCKET
STICK
BOOM
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 Hydraulic power a key
advantages
1. Faster cycle times.
2. Positive control of
attachments.
3. Precise control of
attachments.
4. High overall efficiency.
5. Smoothness and ease of
operation. Operation:
Operation:
1. An upward motion of the machine
1. A downward arc machine is known is known as front shovel
as hoe/back shovel 2. A shovel develops breakout force
2. It develops excavation breakout by crowding material away from
force by pulling the bucket toward machine
the machine 3. The boom of a shovel swings in an
3. The downward swing of a hoe upward arc to load. The machine
dictates usage for excavating below requires a material face above the
the running gear. running gear to work against.
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 HOE- A MULTIPURPOSE TOOL
VARIOUS ATTACHMENTS

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 HOE- A MULTIPURPOSE TOOL
VARIOUS ATTACHMENTS

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 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QSCLc3YNmc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jt1crCelGoQ

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 SHOVEL SELECTION
• Two fundamentsl factors
• Cost per cubic yard
• Job conditions 1. Type of material,
2. Method of excavation
3. Size of available hauling units (1:5)
1. The size of the job,
2. Cost of mobilization
3. Combined cost of drilling blasting and excavation

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HOE SELECTION

1. Maximum excavation depth required

2. Maximum working radius required for
digging and dumping
3. Maximum dumping height required
4. Hoisting capability required (where
applicable, i.e., handling pipe and trench
boxes)

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 LOADER
wheel Mounted
Track Mounted

BUCKET
BOOM

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LOADER
1. Loaders are used extensively in construction work to handle and
transport bulk material, such as earth and rock; to load trucks; to
excavate earth; and to charge aggregate bins at asphalt and
concrete plants.
2. The loader is a versatile piece of equipment designed to excavate at
or above wheel/track level.
3. The hydraulic-activated lifting system exerts maximum breakout
force with an upward motion of the bucket.
4. It does not require other equipment to level, smooth, or clean up
the area in which it is working.
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LOADER BUCKET ATTACHMENTS

1. General Purpose

2. Multipurpose

3. Rock

4. Side Dump

5. Forklift

6. Other types
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 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut8e2OVx4RI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVDBtpRFwBM

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 CONSTRUCTION METHODS and EQUIPMENT

THANKS
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PRODUCTION

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FACTORS INFLUENCING EXCAVATOR
PRODUCTION
1. Class of material
2. Height of cut
3. Angle of swing
4. Operator skill
5. Condition of the shovel
6. Haul-unit exchange
7. Size of hauling units
8. Handling of oversize material
9. Cleanup of loading area

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SHOVEL PRODUCTION
Step 1. Obtain the heaped bucket load volume from
the manufacturers' data sheet. This would be a loose
volume (lcy) value.
Step 2. Apply a bucket fill factor based on the type of
machine and the class of material being excavated.
Step 3. Estimate a peak cycle time. This is a function
of machine type and job conditions to include angle of
swing, depth·or height of cut, and in the case of
loaders, travel distance.
Step 4. Apply an efficiency factor.
Step 5. Conform the production units to the desired
volume or weight units (Icy to bcy or tons). '
Step 6. Calculate the production rate.

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HOE PRODUCTION
Step 1. Obtain the heaped bucket load volume from
the manufacturers' data sheet. This would be a loose
volume (lcy) value.
Step 2. Apply a bucket fill factor based on the type of
machine and the class of material being excavated.
Step 3. Estimate cycle time. This is a function of
machine type and job conditions to include angle of
swing, depth·or height of cut, and in the case of
loaders, travel distance.
Step 4. Apply an efficiency factor.
Step 5. Conform the production units to the desired
volume or weight units (Icy to bcy or tons). '
Step 6. Calculate the production rate.
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 CHECK POINTS
LOADER PRODUCTION • Wheel Loader OPERATING
Step 1. Obtain the heaped bucket load volume from WEIGHT is limited to 50% of
the manufacturers' data sheet. This would be a loose full-turn static tipping load.
volume (lcy) value.
• Track Loader OPERATING
Step 2. Apply a bucket fill factor based on the type of WEIGHT is limited to 35% of
machine and the class of material being excavated. static tipping load.
Step 3. Estimate a peak cycle time. This is a function
of machine type and job conditions and loaders travel Speed:
distance. • Travel Speed with a loaded
Step 4. Apply an efficiency factor. bucket - Average speed
should be about 80% of
Step 5. Conform the production units to the desired
maximum in low range.
volume or weight units (Icy to bcy or tons). '
Step 6. Calculate the production rate. • Return Speed with an empty
bucket - Average speed
should be about 60% of
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LOADER PRODUCTION
CYCLE TIME
LOADER CYCLE TIME has three
components :

1. Fixed Time to load, Maneuver with

four reversals of direction (min.
travel), and Dump.

2. Travel Time

3. Return Time
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LET'S SOLVE SOME PROBLEMS

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