Assignment

No. 1

Name: Abaid-ul-Rehman ID: 231400148

Course: Functional English Section: K
Submitted to: Mam Hafiza Rabia Riaz
Topic: Parts of Speech

A category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions.

 Noun
 Pronoun
  Verb
 Adjective
 Adverb
 Preposition
 Conjunction
 Determiner
 Interjection

i. Noun:
A noun is a word that represents a person, thing, concept, or place (e.g., Ali, House,
River). Most sentences contain at least one noun. Nouns are often, but not always, preceded by an
article (the, a, or an).

Types of Nouns:
Common Common nouns are general words for things. For Example: park, country, person, cat,
Noun: day
Proper Proper nouns are specific names. For Example: Jinnah National Park, Pakistan, Hamza
Noun: Fluffy, Tuesday, New York
Singular Singular nouns are those which are single and are only one unit. For Example: banana,
Noun: hat, class, story, life, man, foot.
Plural Plural nouns are those which are multiple in number and sometimes they are
Noun: uncountable. For Example: bananas, hats, classes, stories, men, feet.
Collective One interesting type of noun is a collective noun – these words refer to a group of
Noun: people or things, but are usually treated as singular grammatically. For Example:
family, team, army, crew.
Compound The nouns which are made of two or more words are called compound nouns. For
Noun: Example: seafood, airport, mother-in-law, merry-go-round. ice cream, bus stop.
Concrete The nouns which we can see, hear, smell, taste, and touch are called Concrete Nouns. For
Noun: Example: table, fruit, umbrella, tree.
Abstract The nouns which we cannot see but we can feel it like ideas, concept, emotions and
Noun: qualities. For Example: anger, speed, knowledge, childhood, bravery.
Countable The nouns are things we can easily separate and count. For Example: books, animals, pencils,
Noun:
Uncountable The uncountable nouns are things that we can’t easily separate and count. For Example: rice,
Noun: butter, happiness, advice.

Example Sentences of Noun:

1. Mary is a talented artist. 2. I've always wanted to visit Paris.
 3. This book is fascinating. 4. I enjoy drinking Coca-Cola.

5. Mount Everest is the highest peak. 6. The Mona Lisa is displayed in the Louvre.

7. The tree provided shade on a hot day. 8. The river flowed gently downstream.

9. She gave me valuable advice. 10. The family gathered for a reunion.

ii. Pronoun:
Pronouns are words like “I,” “she,” and “they” that are used in a similar way to nouns. They stand in for a
noun that has already been mentioned or refer to yourself and other people. Pronouns can function just like
nouns as the head of a noun phrase and as the subject or object of a verb.

Types of Pronouns:
1. Personal or Personal pronouns refer to a specific person or thing. Possessive personal pronouns
Possessive are pronouns that show possession. They define a person (or a number of people)
Pronouns who owns a particular object.

2. Demonstrative Demonstrative pronouns point to and identify a noun or a pronoun. This and these
pronouns refer to things that are nearby in space or time, while that and those refer to things
that are farther away in space or further away in time.

3. Interrogative
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. The interrogative pronouns are
pronouns
who, whom, which, and what.

Relative pronouns are used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause.
4. Relative pronouns
The relative pronouns are who, whom, that, and which. The compounds whoever,
whomever, and whichever are also commonly used relative pronouns.

5. Indefinite
Indefinite pronouns refer to an identifiable, but not specified, person or thing. An
pronouns
indefinite pronoun conveys the idea of all, any, none, or some.

6. Reflexive Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence. The reflexive
pronouns pronouns used in writing English are myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.

7. Intensive Intensive pronouns add emphasize. They're the same pronouns as reflexive
pronouns pronouns. For example, 'I did it myself.' There are 12 personal pronouns for a person
or group, and they are: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us and them.

iii. Verb:
A verb is a word that describes an action, occurrence, or state of being (e.g., “exist”). Verbs indicate
what the subject of a sentence is doing. Every complete sentence must contain at least one verb.
Types of Verbs:
Regular verbs are verbs whose simple past and past participle are formed by adding “-ed” to the end of the
word (or “-d” if the word already ends in “e”).

Irregular verbs are verbs whose simple past and past participles are formed in some other way.
Examples: Regular and irregular verbs
“Will you check if this book is in stock?”
“I’ve already checked twice.”
“I heard that you used to sing.”
“Yes! I sang in a choir for 10 years.”

Other types of verbs include auxiliary verbs, linking verbs, modal verbs, and phrasal verbs.

iv. Adjective:
An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Adjectives can be used to describe
the qualities of someone or something independently or in comparison to something else.

Examples:
Examples are Ashamed, Adorable, Attractive, Beautiful, Awful, Aggressive, Cruel, Clever, Tasty, Jealous.

 A cooler guy
 The most mischievous cat
 This is going to be a long, cold winter.
 The scariest villain of all time is Darth Vader.
 Furry dogs may overheat in the summertime.
 The masked villain’s plot was stopped by the brave, groovy teenagers and their goofy, cowardly dog.
 The big basket is full of red apples.

v. Adverb:
An adverb is a word that modifies (describes) a verb (“he sings loudly”), an adjective (“very tall”), another
adverb (“ended too quickly”), or even a whole sentence (“Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella.”).

Examples:
Quickly, slowly, yesterday, last week, here, there, today, daily, never, rarely, extremely, annually, etc., are
some examples of adverbs.

vi.