Ammu

Smart Shopping Trolley Using Smartphone and Arduino Uno 2023-24
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
General Introduction
The traditional shopping experience has evolved significantly over the years, driven
by advancements in technology and changing consumer preferences. In today's digital age,
there is a growing demand for innovative solutions that enhance convenience, efficiency, and
interactivity in the retail environment. Our project endeavours to address this demand by
introducing a Smart Shopping Trolley, a pioneering system that integrates cutting-edge
technologies to revolutionize the way people shop.
The Smart Shopping Trolley is designed to streamline the shopping process and
improve the overall shopping experience for consumers. By leveraging RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification) technology, Arduino microcontroller, Bluetooth communication,
and ultrasonic sensors, the trolley offers a range of features that simplify and enhance every
aspect of the shopping journey.
One of the key features of the Smart Shopping Trolley is its ability to automatically
detect and track items placed within it using RFID tags. Each shopping item is embedded
with an RFID tag containing unique identification information. When the item is placed in
the trolley, the integrated RFID reader instantly recognizes the item and adds its
corresponding price to the total bill amount. This eliminates the need for manual scanning of
each item at the checkout counter, saving time for both shoppers and store personnel.
The implementation of this project involved the integration of various hardware

components and the development of custom software to enable seamless communication and
interaction between these components. The system architecture was carefully designed to
ensure scalability, reliability, and ease of use. In summary, the Smart Shopping Trolley
represents a significant advancement in the field of smart retail technology, offering a
comprehensive solution to enhance the shopping experience for consumers. By automating
mundane tasks, providing real-time feedback, and prioritizing user convenience and safety,
our project aims to revolutionize the way people shop in the digital age.
Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 1

Organization of the report The Project report is organized as follows:
Chapter 1: Highlight's the introduction of the Project
Chapter 2: Literature survey.
Chapter 3: Describes the Problem definition, Proposed system, and Objectives.
Chapter 4: Describes the Methodology and Block Diagram.
Chapter 5: Describes the Hardware and Software requirements.
Chapter 6: Implementation and Design
Chapter 7: Analysis of result
Chapter 8: Advantages, Applications and Disadvantage summary of the project report, future
scope, conclusion and finally the references.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Vaishali Rane, Krutik Shah [1] Smart Trolley Using RFID. This system describes the
implementation of smart shopping cart using radio frequency identification using the RFID
sensors, Arduino microcontroller, Bluetooth module, and Mobile application. Where the
mobile is connected to the shopping cart and the application is already installed, the data is
shared using the Bluetooth from the Arduino microcontroller and the mobile then with the
server.
RK Megalingam [2] Smart shopping cart with automatic billing system through RFID and
ZigBee. The application was tested on emulators and smartphones. In both cases, the app
performed efficiently with no errors. The application did not crash at any point in time. The
app was able to control the smart shopping cart without any delays. Based on the commands
received from the smartphone, the shopping cart was able to move in the preferred directions.
Zeeshan ali, Prof. Reena Sonkusare [3] RFID Based on smart shopping trolley build a new
technology that allows the customers to shop efficiently. This is designed in such a way that
the data of the customer is sent to the counter through the Wi-Fi module, which reduces
standing in long queues at the bill counter. On the other hand, the admin can monitor the
stocks and plan in advance.
P. Chandrasekar, T. Sangeetha [4] This paper suggests a method that is based on the RFID
and ZigBee which creates an automated central billing system for the shopping malls.
Eliminating the queues and displaying the real-time price of the items in the cart.
Aboli Hanwate and Poonam Thakare [5] Radio-Frequency Identification is a technology

that uses radio waves to transfer data from an electronic tag, called RFID tag or label,
attached to an object, through a reader for the purpose of identifying and tracking the object.
RFID Tag is a special type wireless card which has inbuilt the embedded chip along with
loop antenna.
Mr. P. Chandrasekar and Ms. T. Sangeetha [6] Smart Shopping Cart with Automatic
Billing System through RFID and ZigBee, this application creates an automated central bill
system for the mall. Customers can pay their bill through credit/debit cards. ZigBee and
RFID used for in it.
T.R. Lekhaa, S. Rajeshwari [7] Intelligent Shopping Cart Using Bolt Esp8266 Based on
Internet of Things,Smart Trolley with Instant Billing to Ease Queues at Shopping Malls using
ARM7 LPC2148. This is based on arm7 microcontroller fitted with an LCD and RFID
scanner and a wireless technology called ZigBee. The LCD used is a 16x2 and ZigBee
modules make the wireless network to work even at long distance due to its wide range, the
RFID scanner scans the product’s unique code and its price. And it gets displayed on the
LCD screen. So, after costumer has finished with the shopping, he/she has to visit the counter
and pay the bill as displayed on the LCD screen fitted on the trolley.
Mobeen Shahroz, Muhammad Faheem Mushtaq, Maqsood Ahmad1 [8] IoT-Based

Smart Shopping Cart Using Radio Frequency Identification.EM-18 RFID scanner module has
been used. It uses a RFID reader which will read 125 kHz tags. So, it will be known as a low
frequency RFID reader. The RFID Readers here used are big tags with range of 125KHZ
which can be detected by EM-18 Module. It shows the real time billing and you can even
delete the item you don’t want by pressing the delete button. In this author has used
ARDUINO Uno which one of the cheapest and most efficient models in the market.
Kaushal Vyas, Sahil Shah, Nishant Upadhyay [9] Intelligent shopping cart using BOLT
based on IOT. IOT kit consists of barcode scanner, LCD display, Bolt ESP8266. The broad
clarification of its process is, when consumer takes an item and put inside the trolley, that
time barcode scanner scans the item barcode and value as well as gain to show into the digital
display panel. Later than consumer concluded their purchasing and the bill is sent to the
counter section.
Mohit Kumar, Jaspreet Singh, Anju, Varun Sanduja [10] Smart Trolley with Instant
Billing to Ease Queues at shopping malls using ARM7 LPC2148. Framework is utilized to
ease lines in shopping centre by utilizing RFID module. The RFID reader will peruse the
RFID Tag set on the item when the item falls in the trolley. In the event that, the client needs
to expel any item then he should expel that item from the trolley. The LCD will show the
subtitles of the expelled item like name, cost and the absolute bill and with the help of Xampp
server the bill will be send to the cashier Paper.

Prasiddhi K, Dhanashree H. Gawali [11] Innovative shopping cart for smart cities. The
proposed system consists of some new smart features incorporated compared to other
systems. Here provision is made for a truly beneficial budget setting. Customers will get the
real time statistics/condition/information of the product which will ultimately help them to
choose a best suited product for their needs.
Priyanka S. Sahare, Anup Gade, Jayant Rohankar [12] Automated Billing for Smart
Shopping System Using IOT International Information and engineering technology
association describes the implementation of a Smart Shopping Cart using ZigBee networks.
The reliable and cost-efficient system design also ensures detection of deception. Thus, the
smart system attracts both the buyers and sellers and ZigBee acts like Xampp server but is
more reliable.
P.T. Sivagurunathan, P. Seema, M. Shalini, R. Sindhu [13] Smart Shopping Trolley Using
RFID International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. Automation of shopping cart
using RFID module and ZIGBEE module, in this system, RFID tags are used instead of
barcodes. These RFID tags will be on the product. When the customer takes a product and
places it in the trolley, the trolley will contain an RFID reader which will sense the RFID tag
which is present on the product. Thus displays the product price on the LCD display. Like
this, the process continues. Along with it, comes a ZIGBEE transmitter in the trolley, which
transfers data to the main computer.
Yathisha, L., Abhishek, A., Harshith, R., Darshan Koundinya, S.R., Srinidhi, K [14]
Automation of shopping cart to ease queue in malls by using RFID. This system designs a
shopping cart by taking inspiration from a shopping basket which is under development by
Panasonic, in which each item is tagged using UHF RFID [range: 916-924 MHz] Two
Circular Polarized (CP) Patch antennae used to read RFID tags in different orientations. CSL
468 RFID reader used having 16 ports and scan speed of 300 tags/sec.
Gangwal, U., Roy, S., Bapat, J. [15] Smart shopping cart for automated billing purpose
using wireless sensor networks. This framework is utilized as a part of spots, for example,
general stores. It can help in diminishing labour and in making a superior shopping
background for the clients. Rather than influencing the clients to hold up in a long line while
looking at, the framework robotizes the charging procedure. The client can likewise track the
subtle elements of the acquired things and additionally the present bill sum on the screen.

CHAPTER 3
PROBLEM DEFINITION
Problem Statement
Despite the advancements in technology, the traditional shopping experience still

presents several challenges, these challenges include manual item scanning at checkout
counters, lack of real-time expenditure monitoring, and the risk of collisions with obstacles in
crowded store environments.
Problem Solution
So to overcome that above mentioned problem, this system is eliminates the need for
manual scanning of each item at the checkout counter, saving time and preventing collusions
and ensuring the safety of both the user and other shoppers.
proposed System
In this expected work, the traditional shopping experience by introducing a Smart

Shopping Trolley equipped with advanced technologies to enhance convenience, efficiency,
and safety for consumers. The system integrates RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
technology, Arduino microcontroller, Bluetooth communication, and ultrasonic sensors to
automate various aspects of the shopping process and provide a seamless shopping journey
for users.
Objective
Our main objective in this project includes implementation of RFID technology for
automatic item detection and billing within the shopping trolley and also system to allow
users to set a limit on their expenditure before starting their shopping trip.

CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
The main focus of this study is to facilitate both supermarkets and customers. The
proposed Architecture of this study provides the hardware and software solutions that help
the supermarket to improve the quality-of-service issues and eliminate the time-consuming
process of the shopping. The retail industries invest further in exploring the potential of these
technologies for the novel services for their customers. These novel services attract a huge
number of customers that increase revenue as well. The innovation of the proposed study is
the architecture model and services that come together to provide eco-friendly services in
cost- effective manners.
A customer to gets into the mall, picks up the smart trolley, searches for the product he wants.
The customer will then simply scan the product on the barcode scanner, the product name and
price will be added, similarly he can do the same for all the products and total price displayed
on the phone.
System Architecture Design:
Design the overall architecture of the system, including hardware and software
components. Decide on the microcontroller, GSM module, Bluetooth module, Buck
converter, power supply, ultrasonic sensor etc.
GSM Module Integration:
Choose a GSM module for communication purposes. This module will be used to
send data to a central server or receive commands remotely, enhancing the shopping
experience and optimizing inventory management.
Bluetooth Module Integration:
Choose a Bluetooth module for communication purposes. Which establish

connection between devices such as smartphones, computers and more. Bluetooth modules
operate on specific frequencies within the 2.4 GHz range and provide reliable, low-power,
and secure wireless connectivity.

Flow Chart
Start
Initialize all the sensors and connect to the Bluetooth
Turn on the Bluetooth terminal in the mobile phone
RFID Reader will read the items using cards

and display the price on mobile
In the mobile application total price and balance amount in the wallet is displayed
Robot control if button pressed
If the button pressed then robot will move towards corresponding directions
Obstacle Detected
Trolley will automatically stops
If switch is pressed
Total amount will be sent to the registered mobile
Stop
Fig 4.1 Flow Diagram of Smart Shopping Trolley Using Smartphone and Arduino Uno

Block Diagram
Bluetooth Module Motor Driver

b
Arduino Uno
RFID
Reader GSM
Module
Button
Buck Converter
Fig4.2 Block Diagram for Smart Shopping Trolley using Smart phone and Arduino Uno
Power Supply
The microcontroller is connected with the RFID Reader. Each shopping item is
embedded with an RFID tag containing unique identification information. RFID Reader scans
the product’s tags and show the details of the product in the display. When the customer
wants to buy an item first scans the RFID tag of the product and its price is added in the total.
The trolley is equipped with ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles in its path. If an obstacle is
detected within a predefined distance, the trolley automatically stops, preventing collisions
and ensuring the safety of both the user and other shoppers. Finally turn on the switch total
bill amount is send to the user phone number.
System Architecture
The Smart Shopping Trolley system architecture comprises hardware and software
components working together to automate various aspects of the shopping process. Here's an
overview of the architecture:

1. Hardware Components:
 RFID Reader: Detects RFID tags on shopping items.
 Arduino Microcontroller: Controls RFID reader, ultrasonic sensors, and Bluetooth

module.
 Ultrasonic Sensors: Detect obstacles in the trolley's path.
 Bluetooth Module: Enables wireless communication with users' mobile devices.
 Display Unit: Displays total bill amount, remaining balance, and other relevant
information.
 Power Supply: Provides electrical power to all components.
2. Software Components:
 RFID Detection Algorithm: Processes RFID tag information and adds item prices to
the total bill.
 Bluetooth Application: Provides a user interface for controlling the trolley, monitoring
expenditures, and accessing product information.
 Obstacle Detection Algorithm: Monitors ultrasonic sensor data and stops the trolley if
obstacles are detected.
 Payment Processing Module: Handles secure payment transactions, if applicable.
 User Authentication System: Authenticates users before granting access to sensitive

features.

CHAPTER 5
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 ARDUINO UNO
 GSM MODULE
 BLUETOOTH MODULE
 MOTOR DRIVER
 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
 POWER SUPPLY
 JUMPPER WIRE
 BUCK CONVERTER
 RFID READER
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 ARDUINO ID
 EEMBEDDED C
 SERIAL BLUETOOTH TERMINAL
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip

ATmega328Pmicrocontroller and developed by Arduino. The board is equipped with sets of
digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards
(shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6
analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the USB cable or by an external
9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is similar to the Arduino
Nano and Leonardo. While the Uno communicates using the original STK500 protocol, it

differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.
Instead, it uses the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-
serial converter.
Features of Arduino
The key features of Arduino have been discussed below as follows:
 Arduino boards are able to read analog or digital input signals from different
sensors and turn it into an output such as activating a motor, turning LED on/off,
connect to the cloud and many other actions.
 You can control your board functions by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board via Arduino IDE (referred to as uploading software).
 Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, Arduino does not need an
extra piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load a new code onto
the board. You can simply use a USB cable.
 Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier
to learn to program.
 Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks the functions of the
micro-controller into a more accessible package.
Fig 5.1.1 Arduino Uno

Arduino UNO board description
We chose the Arduino UNO board because it is the most popular board in the
Arduino board family. In addition, it is the best board to get started with electronics and
coding Some boards look a bit different from the one given below, but most Arduino have
majority of these components in common.
Power USB: Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your
computer. All you need to do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection.
Voltage Regulator: The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage
given to the Arduino board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other
elements.
Crystal Oscillator: The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues.
How does Arduino calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The number
printed on top of the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It tells us that the frequency is
16,000,000 Hertz or 16 MHz
Arduino Reset: You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the
beginning. You can reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by using the reset button (17) on
the board. Second, you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino pin labelled
RESET (5).
Analog pins: This board has six analog input pins A0 to A5. These pins can Read the
signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or temperature sensor and convert it
into a digital value that can be read by the microprocessor.
Main microcontroller: Each Arduino board has its own microcontroller (11). You
can assume it as the brain of your board. The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is
slightly different from board to board. The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL
Company. You must know what IC your board has before loading up a new program from
the Arduino IDE. This information is available on the top of the IC. For more details about
the IC construction and functions, you can refer to the data sheet.

ICSP pin: Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino
consisting of MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. It is often referred to as an SPI
(Serial Peripheral Interface), which could be considered as a quote; expansion &quote; of the
output. Actually, you are slaving the output device to the master of the SPI bus.
Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin)
 3.3V (6): Supply 3.3 output volt

 5V (7): Supply 5 output volt (Most of the components used with Arduino
board works fine with 3.3 volt and 5 volt.)
 GND (8- Ground): There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which
can be used to ground your circuit.
 Vin (9): Even this pin can be used to power the Arduino UNO board from an
external power source, like AC mains power supply.
Power LED indicator: This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino into a
power source to indicate that your board is powered up correctly. If this light does not turn
on, then there is something wrong with the connection.
TX and RX LEDs: On your board, you will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX
(receive). They appear in two places on the Arduino UNO board. First, at the digital pins 0
and 1, to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. Second, the TX and RX led
(13). The TX led flashes with different speed while sending the serial data. The speed of
flashing depends on the baud rate used by the board. RX flashes during the receiving process.
Digital I/O: The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to work as input
digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive different modules
like LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labelled “~” can be used to generate PWM.
AREF: AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes, used to set an external
reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the Analog input pins.

SIM800L GSM Module
Fig 5.1.2 SIM800L GSM Module
This is Small SIM800L GPRS GSM Module Micro SIM Card Core Board Quad-
band TTL Serial Port with the antenna, in this module two antennas have been included.
SIM800L GSM/GPRS module is a miniature GSM modem, which can be integrated into a
great number of IoT projects. You can use this module to accomplish almost anything a
normal cell phone can; SMS text messages, make or receive phone calls, connecting to the
internet through GPRS, TCP/IP, and more! To top it off, the module supports quad-band
GSM/GPRS network, meaning it works pretty much anywhere in the world First is made of
wire (which solders directly to NET pin on PCB) – very useful in narrow places. Second –
PCB antenna – with double-sided tape and attached pigtail cable with IPX connector. This
one has better performance and allows to put your module inside a metal case – as long the
antenna is outside.
Features:
 TTL serial port for serial port, you can link directly to the micro-controller.
 Don’t need MAX232.
 Power module automatically boots, homing network.
 On board signal lights all the way.
 It flashes slowly when there is a signal, it flashes quickly when there is no signal.

BLUETOOTH MODULE HC-06
Fig 5.1.3 Bluetooth Module HC-06
HC-06 is the popular Bluetooth module. This HC06 module is slave mode only. It’s
very easy to add wireless serial connectivity for your device with this module. Examples for
Arduino and other boards are available. Once you pair with other Bluetooth devices you work
like with normal UART to exchange data. This module has built-in 3.3V voltage regulator
and helps to break out the important pins (Vcc, Gnd, Txd, Rxd). Based on CSR BC4 chip,
Bluetooth V2.0 + EDR. You can set the baud rate, name and pair password by AT commands
when there is no Bluetooth connection. This module is a slave- it can be paired with
Computer- Bluetooth master- mobile phone- PDA- PSP and so on.
Features:
 Bases at CSR BC04 Bluetooth technology.

 with build-in 2.4GHz PCB antenna
 It’s at the Bluetooth class 2 power level.
 Range test: 10 meters
 Operating voltage: 3.3V to 6V DC
 Operating current in pairing is in the range of 30~40mA.
 Operating current in communication is 8mA.
 Interface via UART, default baud rate at 9600 bps
 Operating temperature range: -25 °C – +75°C
 Dimensions 27mm×13mm×2.2mm

L298N 2A BASED MOTOR DRIVER
Fig 5.1.4 L298N 2A Based Motor Driver
L298N 2A Based Motor Driver is a high power motor driver perfect for driving DC
Motors and Stepper Motors (Now find out out a wide range of motors at Robu.in). It uses the
popular L298 motor driver IC and has an on-board 5V regulator which it can supply to an
external circuit. It can control up to 4 DC motors, or 2 DC motors with directional and speed
control. This motor driver is perfect for robotics and mechatronics projects and perfect for
controlling motors from microcontrollers, switches, relays, etc. Perfect for driving DC and
Stepper motors for micro mouse, line following robots, robot arms, etc.
Features:
 Maximum motor supply current: 2A per motor.

 Current Sense for each motor.
 Heatsink for better performance.
 Power-On LED indicator.
 Double H Bridge Drive Chip: L298

ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Fig 5.1.5 Ultrasonic sensor
This HC-SR04-Ultrasonic Range Finder is a very popular sensor that is found in many
applications where it requires measuring distance and detecting objects. The module has two
eyes like projects in the front which forms the Ultrasonic transmitter and Receiver. The HC-
SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object like bats or dolphins
do. This Ultrasonic Sensor module is a transmitter, a receiver, and a control circuit in one
single pack!! It has very handy and compact construction. It offers excellent range accuracy
and stable readings in an easy-to-use package. Its operation is not affected by sunlight or
black material like Sharp rangefinders are (although acoustically soft materials like cloth can
be difficult to detect). The Trigger and the Echo pins are the I/O pins of this module and
hence they can be connected to the I/O pins of the microcontroller/Arduino. When the
receiver detects the return wave the Echo pin goes high for a particular amount of time which
will be equal to the time taken for the wave to return back to the sensor. Ultrasonic Ranging
Module HC-SR04 provides 2cm-400cm non-contact distance sensing capabilities, ranging
accuracy up to 3mm. This Ultrasonic Sensor can be attached to your project using a
mounting bracket, so buy it now at

Robu.in we have a very good quality Acrylic Mounting Bracket for this HC-SR04 Ultrasonic
Module.
Features:
 Measures the distance within a wide range of 2cm to 400cm

 Stable performance
 Accurate distance measurement
 High-density
 Small blind distance
POWER SUPPLY:
Fig 5.1.6: Power Supply
A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical

load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to
the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. As a result, power supplies are
sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are separate
standalone pieces ofequipment, while others are built into the load appliances that they
power. All power supplies have a power input connection, which receives energy in the form
of electric current from a source, and one or more power output connections that deliver
current to the load. The source power may come from the electric power grid, such as an
electrical outlet, energy storage devices such as batteries or fuel cell.

Jumper wire
Fig 5.1.7: Jumper Wire

Jumper wires come in different lengths, colors, and configurations to
accommodate various wiring needs. They are typically made of stranded copper wire,
which provides flexibility and durability. The ends of the wires are usually terminated
with connectors such as pins, sockets, oralligator clips that can be easily inserted into or
clipped onto the desired locations. There are several types of jumper wires available,
including male to-male, female-to-female, and male-to-female wires. Male-to-male
jumper wires have Connectors (usually pins) on both ends and are commonly used to
connect two male headers or pins on a circuit board. Female- to-female jumper wires
have connectors (sockets) on both ends and are used to connect two female headers or
sockets. Male-to-female jumper wires have a male connector on one end anda female
connector on the other, making them versatile for connecting components with different
pin configurations.
SWITCH

Fig 5.1.8 Switch
It is a KCD11 AC 250V 3A 2 Pin ON/OFF I/O SPST Snap in Mini Boat Rocker
Switch. Widely applied to control all kinds of household appliances such as water dispenser,
treadmill, and coffee pot and so on. SPST on-off control and 2 terminals Rocker Switch.
Reader/Writer RC522 SPI S50 with RFID Card and Tag
Fig 5.1.8 RFID Reader/Writer RC522 SPI S50 with RFID Card and Tag
RFID Reader: A device that emits radio waves and receives signals back from RFID
tags. It communicates with tags within its range and can read/write data to them. Readers
come in various forms, including handheld, fixed, and mobile devices.
RFID Tag: A small device that contains electronically stored information. There are two
main types:
 Passive Tags: Powered by the reader's electromagnetic field. They don't have a
power source of their own and rely on the reader's signal to transmit data.
 Active Tags: Have their power source (e.g., battery) and can transmit signals over
longer distances. They're typically more expensive but offer greater range and
functionality.
RFID Card: Essentially an RFID tag embedded in a card format, often used for access
control, identification, and payment systems. They can be passive or active, depending
on the application's requirements.

BUCK CONVERTER
Fig 5.1.9 Buck Converter
A buck converter is a type of DC-DC power converter that steps down voltage from a
higher level to a lower level efficiently. It does this by rapidly switching a semiconductor
(usually a transistor) on and off. This creates pulses of energy that are then smoothed out to
provide a steady output voltage. Buck converters are commonly used in electronic devices to
regulate voltage, such as in battery-powered devices and in power supplies for computers and
other electronics.
 Switching Operation: The heart of the buck converter is the semiconductor switch,
which is typically controlled by a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal.
 Inductor Operation: During the on-time of the switch, the inductor stores energy in the
form of a magnetic field.

 Output Voltage Regulation: The output voltage of the buck converter is determined by
the duty cycle of the PWM signal and the input voltage.
 Voltage and Current Ripple: Due to the switching action of the converter, both the
output voltage and current will exhibit ripple.
 Efficiency: Buck converters are known for their high efficiency, especially when
compared to linear regulators.
 Control and Protection: To ensure stable operation and protect the circuit from
overvoltage, overcurrent, and overheating, buck converters often incorporate control.
5.2 Software Requirements Explanation:

Embedded C:
Embedded C is a set of language extensions for the C programming language by
the C StandardsCommittee to address commonality issues that exist between C extensions
for differentembedded systems.
Embedded C programming typically requires nonstandard extensions to the C
language in order to support enhanced microprocessor features such as fixed-point
arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations. In 2008, the C
Standards Committee extended the C language to address such capabilities by providing a
common standard for all implementationsto adhere to. It includes a number of features not
available in normal C, such as fixed-point arithmetic, named address spaces and basic I/O
hardware addressing. Embedded C uses most of the syntax and semantics of standard C,
e.g., main () function, variable definition, datatype declaration, conditional statements (if,
switch case), loops (while, for) functions, arrays and strings, structures and union, bit
operations, macros, etc.
Embedded software is computer software, written to control machines or devices
that are not typically thought of as computers, commonly known as embedded systems. It
is typically specialized for the particular hardware that it runs on and has time and
memory constraints. Thisterm is sometimes used interchangeably with firmware.
A precise and stable characteristic feature is that no or not all functions of
embedded softwareare initiated/controlled via a human interface, but through machine-
interfaces instead. Manufacturers build embedded software into the electronics of cars,
telephones, modems, robots, appliances, toys, security systems, pacemakers, televisions
and set-top boxes, and digitalwatches, for example.
This software can be very simple, such as lighting controls running on an 8-bit

microcontroller with a few kilobytes of memory with the suitable level of processing
complexity determined with a Probably Approximately Correct Computation framework
(a methodology based on randomized algorithms), or can become very sophisticated in
applications such as airplanes, missiles, and process control systems.
Arduino IDE:
Fig 5.2.1 Arduino IDE Logo
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform

application (for Windows, macOS, and Linux) that is written in the programming language
Java. It originated from the IDE for the languages Processing and Wiring. It includes a code
editor with features such as text cutting and pasting, searching and replacing text, automatic
indenting, brace matching, and syntax highlighting, and provides simple one-click
mechanisms to compile and upload programs to an Arduino board. It also contains a message
area, a text console, a toolbarwith buttons for common functions and a hierarchy of operation
menus. The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License,
version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code
structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which
provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two
basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and
linked with a program stub main()into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU
toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program
argued to convert the executable code is a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded
into the Arduino board by a loader program inthe board's firmware

CHAPTER
6
IMPLEMENTATION AND DESIGN
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION:
SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION:
Steps to create New Project
1. Connect the Arduino to your computer's USB port
2. Set the board Arduino /Genuine Nano
3. Select the serial port.
4. Select the File from the menu bar.
5. Select New.
6. After completion of coding save the file with the name
7. Verify and compile
8. Upload
5.2.2

Step 1 − Connection of the Arduino to computer's USB port:
First we must have an Arduino board and a USB cable. In case we use Arduino UNO,
Arduino Duemilanove, Nano, Arduino Mega 2560, or Decimal, we will need a standard USB
cable (A plug to B plug), the kind we would connect to a USB printer .In case we use
Arduino Nano, we will need an A to Mini-B cable instead as shown in Fig. 5.2.2
Fig 5.2.2 A to Mini-B Cable
Step 2 − Download Arduino IDE Software.
Step 3 − Power up your board.
The Arduino Uno, Mega, Duemilanove and Arduino Nano automatically draw power
from either, the USB connection to the computer or an external power supply. If you are
using an Arduino Diecimila, you have to make sure that the board is configured to draw
power from the USB connection. The power source is selected with a jumper, a small piece
of plastic that fits onto two of the three pins between the USB and power jacks.

Step 4 − Launch Arduino IDE.
After your Arduino IDE software is downloaded, you need to unzip the folder. Inside
the folder, you can find the application icon with an infinity label (application.exe). Double-
click the icon to start the IDE.
Step 5 − Open your first project.
Once the software starts, we have two options:
● Create a new project. To create a new project, select File →New, as shown in below

 Open an existing project example. To open an existing project example, select File →
Example → Basics → Blink, as shown in below
Step 6 − Select the respective Arduino board.
To avoid any error while uploading our program to the board, we must select the
correct Arduino board name, which matches with the board connected to our computer. Go to
Tools Board and select the board.

Step 7 − Select the serial port.
Select the serial device of the Arduino board. Go to Tools → Serial Port menu. This
is likely to be COM3 or higher (COM1 and COM2 are usually reserved for hardware serial
ports). To find out, you can disconnect your Arduino board and re-open the menu, the entry
that disappears should be of the Arduino board. Reconnect the board and select that serial
port.
Step 8 − Upload the program to the board.
Before explaining how to upload our program to the board, we should know the
function of each symbol appearing in the Arduino IDE toolbar.

CHAPTER 7
RESULT ANALYSIS
The Proposed system implemented on wireless communication and provide different

software-based modules that make it more reliable and flexible to the customer as well as to
the supermarket. The results of the experimental prototype. The Smart Trolley project
significantly reduces the time spent at the billing counter by automating the calculation of the
total bill as items are added to the trolley. This means that instead of manually scanning each
item and entering its price, the system automatically calculates the accumulated cost in real-
time. As a result, customers can simply place items in the trolley, and the Smart Trolley
system will keep track of the prices, providing an accurate and up-to-date total bill. This
automation eliminates the need for manual calculations, reduces waiting time at the billing
counter, and provides a more efficient and convenient shopping experience for customers
Fig 7.1: Project Circuit

Fig 7.2: Trolley Movement using Serial Bluetooth Application

CHAPTER 8
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
 Time-saving.
 Enhanced Safety.
 Improved shopping experience.
 Cost-effective.
 Environmental friendly.
 Reduction of long queue.
Disadvantages
 Dependency on Technology.
 Initial Implementation Cost.
 Limited Accessibility.
Applications
 Shopping Centres.
 Product information.
 D-Marts.
 Big buzzer.
 Departmental stores.
 Budget Management.
 Super Market.

FUTURE SCOPE
Introduce voice recognition capabilities to enable hands-free control of the Smart

Shopping Trolley, catering to users with disabilities and improving accessibility. By
employing RFID technology, the trolley can automatically track items placed within it,
enabling effortless inventory management and seamless checkout processes. The integration
with a smartphone app enhances user engagement by providing personalized
recommendations, real-time promotions, and interactive shopping experiences.

CONCLUSION
The Smart Shopping Trolley represents a significant advancement in the field of
smart retail technology, offering a transformative solution to enhance the shopping
experience for consumers. By leveraging RFID technology, Bluetooth communication, and
obstacle detection sensors, the system streamlines the shopping process, provides real-time
expenditure monitoring, and enhances user convenience and safety.

REFERENCES
[1] Vaishali Rane, Krutik Shah “Smart Trolley Using RFID”, International Journal of
Research in Science &Engineering Technology, ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; March
2018.
[2] RK Megalingam “Smart shopping cart with automatic billing system through RFID and
ZigBee”. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887) International
Conference on Communication, Computing and Information Technology (ICCCMIT-Jan
2019).
[3] Zeeshan ali, Prof. Reena “Sonkusare RFID Based on smart shopping trolley” build a new
technology that allows the customers to shop efficiently in International Journal of
Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) July 2019.
[4] Mr P. Chandrasekhar and T. Sangeetha “Smart shopping Cart with Automatic Billing
System through RFID and ZigBee,” IEEE 2020.
[5] Aboli Hanwate and Poonam Thakare “Smart shopping cart with automated billing
system” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 8, no.11, pp. 88–
91, 2020
[6]S. K. Shankar, S. Balasubramani, S. A. Basha, S. Ariz Ahamed and N. S. Kumar Reddy,

"Smart trolley for smart shopping with an advance billing system using IoT," 2021 5th
International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC), 2021,
pp. 10.1109/ICCMC51019.2021.9418348
[7] T.R. Lekhaa, S. Rajeshwari “Intelligent Shopping Cart Using Bolt Esp8266 Based on
Internet of Things”,2021.
[8] Mobeen Shahroz, Muhammad Faheem Mushtaq, Maqsood Ahmad1 “IoT-Based Smart
Shopping Cart Using Radio Frequency Identification”, at 2020
[9] Kaushal Vyas, Sahil Shah, Nishant Upadhyay “Intelligent shopping cart using BOLT
based on IOT”,2018. Arduino IDE 1.8.15 [Online] Available: https://www. Arduino.
cc/en/Main.
[10] Mohit Kumar, Jaspreet Singh, Anju, Varun Sanduja “Smart Trolley with Instant
Billing’’ to Ease Queues at shopping malls using ARM7 LPC2148. 2021.

[11] Prasiddhi K, Dhanashree H. Gawali Innovative shopping cart for smart cities. Intelligent
shopping cart using bolt esp8266 based on internet of things,” 2019 5th Int. Conf. Adv.
Comput. Commun. Syst.(ICACCS), 2019, pp. 758–761, doi:
10.1109/ICACCS.2019.8728346.

[12] Priyanka S. Sahare, Anup Gade, Jayant Rohankar “Smart shopping cart with automated
billing system” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 8, no.11,
pp. 88–91, 2020.
[13] P.T. Sivagurunathan, P. Seema, M. Shalini, R. Sindhu Smart Shopping Trolley Using
RFID International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics(2020).
[14] Yathisha, L., Abhishek, A., Harshith, R., Darshan Koundinya, S.R., Srinidhi, K
Automation of shopping cart to ease queue in malls by using RFID(2019) CSL 468 RFID
reader used having 16 ports and scan speed of 300 tags/sec.
[15] Gangwal, U., Roy, S., Bapat, J. “Smart shopping cart with automatic billing system
through RFID and ZigBee,” 2022 Int. Conf. Inf. Commun. Embed. Syst. (ICICES), 2022, pp.
1–4, doi: 10.1109/ICICES.2014.7033996.

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Smart Shopping Trolley Using Smartphone and Arduino Uno 2023-24

The implementation of this project involved the integration of various hardware

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 1

Organization of the report The Project report is organized as follows:

Chapter 1: Highlight's the introduction of the Project

Chapter 2: Literature survey.

Chapter 3: Describes the Problem definition, Proposed system, and Objectives.

Chapter 4: Describes the Methodology and Block Diagram.

Chapter 5: Describes the Hardware and Software requirements.

Chapter 6: Implementation and Design

Chapter 7: Analysis of result

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 2

Aboli Hanwate and Poonam Thakare [5] Radio-Frequency Identification is a technology

Mobeen Shahroz, Muhammad Faheem Mushtaq, Maqsood Ahmad1 [8] IoT-Based

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 4

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 5

Despite the advancements in technology, the traditional shopping experience still

In this expected work, the traditional shopping experience by introducing a Smart

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 6

System Architecture Design:

GSM Module Integration:

Bluetooth Module Integration:

Choose a Bluetooth module for communication purposes. Which establish

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 7

Initialize all the sensors and connect to the Bluetooth

Turn on the Bluetooth terminal in the mobile phone

RFID Reader will read the items using cards

Robot control if button pressed

Trolley will automatically stops

Total amount will be sent to the registered mobile

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 8

Bluetooth Module Motor Driver

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 9

 RFID Reader: Detects RFID tags on shopping items.

 Arduino Microcontroller: Controls RFID reader, ultrasonic sensors, and Bluetooth

 Ultrasonic Sensors: Detect obstacles in the trolley's path.

 Bluetooth Module: Enables wireless communication with users' mobile devices.

 Power Supply: Provides electrical power to all components.

 Payment Processing Module: Handles secure payment transactions, if applicable.

 User Authentication System: Authenticates users before granting access to sensitive

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 10

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 11

The key features of Arduino have been discussed below as follows:

Fig 5.1.1 Arduino Uno

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 12

Arduino UNO board description

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 13

Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin)

 3.3V (6): Supply 3.3 output volt

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 14

SIM800L GSM Module

Fig 5.1.2 SIM800L GSM Module

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 15

BLUETOOTH MODULE HC-06

Fig 5.1.3 Bluetooth Module HC-06

 Bases at CSR BC04 Bluetooth technology.

Dept of ECE, K K GEC K R Pet. Page 16