Le 11,12,14

ARDUINO BASED
AUTOMATIC
ACCIDENT DETECTION
ABSTRACT
This project introduces an Accident Avoidance System utilizing ultrasonic technology to enhance road
safety. The system employs ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles in the vehicle's vicinity. Real-time data
processing and analysis trigger immediate responses, such as automatic braking or collision alerts. This
proactive solution aims to prevent accidents by providing drivers with timely information, thereby
fostering a safer and more secure driving environment.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The increased usage of vehicles has led to increased chaos on the roads. This increased chaos has
led to increased number of accidents. According to the Global status report of WHO having
information from about 180 countries, shows that worldwide the total number of deaths
occurring in road accidents has attained to 1.25 million per year, with the highest road traffic
fatality rates in low-income countries. This artefact talks about various devices and various
technologies which help in preventing accidents and detecting them immediately to avoid any
causality on-site. The main intention is to ensure safety and security of the driver in road
accidents. According to NCAER in 2016, the middle-class population in India is 267 million .
Such huge population does not have enough resources to buy a four-wheeler; hence they tend to
buy two-wheeler as they are affordable. Four-wheelers have many parameters which looks after
the safety of the driver such as seat belts, Airbags, etc. While in case of bikes, safety measures
are to be added from external source like helmets. Accidents involving ineligible drivers are
huge in number. These incompetent people, to a larger extent, comprised of teenagers with age
between 15-18yrs. Teens go through their adolescence period where they pumped up with
emotions hence this leads to rash and reckless driving. They try to show off by doing stunts on
the bike which leads to disastrous results. This system also monitors and deals with such
circumstances also. The number of people breaking the law has also increased over the past 5
years.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
In an era of advancing technology, the need for innovative solutions to enhance road safety has become
paramount. This project presents an Accident Avoidance System that leverages ultrasonic technology. By
deploying ultrasonic sensors strategically, the system can detect obstacles in the vehicle's proximity. Real-
time data processing and analysis enable immediate responses, including automatic braking or collision
alerts. This proactive approach is designed to prevent accidents by furnishing drivers with timely and
crucial information, thereby cultivating a safer and more secure driving environment.
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
RPS
LCD
Ultrasonic
sensor
ARDUINO DC MOTOR
UNO
CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE TOOLS
 ARDUINO UNO
 ULTRA SONIC SENSOR
 LCD
 DC MOTOR
 RPS
 FAN
5.1 DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS
1. ARDUINO UNO:
The most common version of Arduino is the Arduino Uno. This board is what most
people are talking about when they refer to an Arduino. The Uno is one of the more
popular boards in the Arduino family and a great choice for beginners. There are different
revisions of Arduino Uno, below detail is the most recent revision (Rev3 or R3).
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started.
LCD:
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Shown in fig. is an electronic display module. A 16x2
LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in different types of
devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segment and other multi
segment LEDs.
16x2 LCD
A 16x2 LCD means it display 16 characters per line and there are 2 lines. By this LCD
each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD contain two registers, thats are
Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions which is
given to the LCD. A command is an instruction which is given to LCD to do a predefined
task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display
etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is in the form
of ASCII value of character to be displayed on the LCD.

Ultrasonic Sensor Description:
An ultrasonic sensor is a sophisticated electronic device designed to measure

distance, detect objects, or facilitate navigation using ultrasonic waves. Operating
on the principle of echolocation, similar to how bats navigate, ultrasonic sensors
emit high-frequency sound waves beyond the range of human hearing (usually
above 20,000 Hz). These sound waves propagate through the air until they
encounter an obstacle or object.
Key Components:
1. Transmitter: Emits ultrasonic pulses.
2. Receiver: Captures echoes of emitted pulses.
3. Controller: Processes received signals and calculates distances.
Working Principle:
1. Pulse Emission: The sensor's transmitter emits ultrasonic pulses.

2. Reflection: When these pulses encounter an object, they bounce back as echoes.
3. Reception: The receiver captures the echoes.
4. Distance Calculation: By measuring the time delay between pulse emission and
echo reception, the sensor calculates the distance to the object using the speed of sound in
the medium.
DC MOTOR:
DC motors are configured in many types and sizes, including brush less, servo, and gear
motor types. A motor consists of a rotor and a permanent magnetic field stator. The magnetic
field is maintained using either permanent magnets or
electromagnetic windings. DC motors are most commonly used in variable speed and torque.
Motors are the devices that provide the actual speed and torque in a drive system. This
family includes AC motor types (single and multiphase motors, universal, servo motors,
induction, synchronous, and gear motor) and DC motors (brush less, servo motor, and gear
motor) as well as linear, stepper and air motors, and motor contactors and starters.
One of the disadvantages of Full Wave Rectifier design is the necessity of

using a center tapped transformer, thus increasing the size & cost of the circuit.
This can be avoided by using the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier.
CHAPTER 5
SOFTWARE TOOLS
 Arduino IDE
5.1 DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS

1. Arduino IDE :
Arduino IDE Software. You can get different versions of Arduino IDE from
the Download page on the Arduino Official website. You must select your
software, which is compatible with your operating system (Windows, IOS,
or Linux). After your file download is complete, unzip the file.
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the Accident Avoidance System incorporating ultrasonic technology

represents a pivotal stride towards elevating road safety. By leveraging ultrasonic
sensors for real-time obstacle detection, the system introduces a proactive layer of
intelligence to vehicular operations. The instantaneous data processing and
analysis culminate in swift responses, including automatic braking and collision
alerts, mitigating potential accidents.
This project addresses a critical need in road safety, offering a technologically

advanced solution to enhance driver awareness and response times. The integration
of ultrasonic sensors not only demonstrates the effectiveness of cutting-edge
technology in preventing accidents but also underscores the commitment to
creating a safer and more secure driving environment

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ARDUINO BASED

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

5.1 DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS

of ASCII value of character to be displayed on the LCD.

An ultrasonic sensor is a sophisticated electronic device designed to measure

1. Transmitter: Emits ultrasonic pulses.

2. Receiver: Captures echoes of emitted pulses.

3. Controller: Processes received signals and calculates distances.

1. Pulse Emission: The sensor's transmitter emits ultrasonic pulses.

3. Reception: The receiver captures the echoes.

One of the disadvantages of Full Wave Rectifier design is the necessity of

5.1 DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS

In conclusion, the Accident Avoidance System incorporating ultrasonic technology

This project addresses a critical need in road safety, offering a technologically

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