Cloud computing

Dr. Shaifu Gupta

Cloud Computing
Overview of cluster computing, grid computing, utility computing.
Introduction to cloud computing, practical applications of cloud

Course Architecture, cloud service models, deployment models, SLA and QoS
management

Concept of virtualisation, importance, benefits, virtualization of CPU,

Memory and I/O, Hypervisors: KVM, Xen, virtualization API: Libvirt

Resource management, workload scheduling and load balancing

Cloud Architectures, Public Cloud Platforms (Google App Engine,

AWS, Azure)

Cloud Security, virtualization related setbacks, Defense strategies

Open Source Clouds (Open Stack)

Introduction to containers, virtual machine vs containers, Docker

containers

Introduction to orchestration, infrastructure as a code, tools: Ansible,

Terraform, Kubernetes

Logging and Monitoring in cloud data centers

Bonus: paper presentation, quiz, lab projects

Evaluation Policy
Textbooks/
Geoffrey C. Fox, Jack Dongarra, and Kai Hwang, “Distributed and
Cloud Computing: From Parallel Processing to the Internet of Things”,
1st Edition Elsevier.

Reference books Kevin Jackson et al. “OpenStack Cloud Computing Cookbook”, fourth
edition.

Zeal Vora, “Enterprise Cloud Security and Governance”, Packt

publishers

Dan Cristian Marinescu, “Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice”, 2nd

Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
Doubts/Feedback ? Email: shaifu.gupta@iitjammu.ac.in

Office: 05-34
Distributed
computing

Source: Dinkar Sitaram and Geetha Manjunath, “Moving To The Cloud Developing Apps
in the New World of Cloud Computing”, 2012.
Distributed
computing

Source: Geoffrey C. Fox, Jack Dongarra, and Kai Hwang, “Distributed and Cloud
computing: From Parallel Processing to the Internet of Things”, 1st Edition Elsevier.
What is cloud computing ?

● On demand delivery of services e.g. servers, storage,

databases, networking, software, analytics and intelligence
from a shared pool

● Instead of buying, owning, maintaining physical data centers

and servers, you can access technology services, such as
computing power, storage, and databases, on an as-needed
basis from a cloud provider

● Examples: e-mail, web-conferencing, whatsapp, online editing

(Google sheets)
Salient features

● On-demand service
● Pay as you go
● Less costs
● Efficient
● Reliability
● Elasticity: provision amount of resources that client actually needs; scale up/down
● Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard
mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones,
tablets, laptops, and workstations).
Why use cloud computing ?

● Reduction of costs - unlike on-site hosting ● Choice of applications- allows flexibility for
price of deploying applications in cloud can cloud users to experiment and choose the best
be less due to lower hardware costs. option for their needs.

● Universal access - Any time/place access ● Potential to be greener and more

via web browser economical - average amount of energy
needed for a computational action carried out in
● Up to date software - cloud provider will also cloud is far less than average amount for an on-
be able to upgrade software keeping in mind site deployment.
feedback from previous software releases
● Flexibility – cloud computing allows users to
switch applications easily and rapidly, using the
one that suits their needs best.
 Key Players

Platforms distributed geographically.

Fault tolerance, response latency reduction

Source: https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/top-10-cloud-service-providers/ Accessed: 14 Jan, 2021

Amazon web
● Database: Amazon DynamoDB
services (AWS) ○ NoSQL database, 25 GB of storage
● AWS Lambda
○ Compute service
● Amazon CloudWatch
○ Monitoring for AWS cloud resources & applications.
● Amazon SageMaker
○ Machine learning
● Amazon Lex
○ Build voice and chat text chatbots
● Amazon Rekognition
○ Deep learning based Image recognition
● AWS IoT
○ Connect devices to the cloud

Source: https://aws.amazon.com/ Accessed: 13 January, 2021

Amazon web
services (AWS) ● Provides its service in different tiers:
○ Always free
○ 12 months free
○ Trials

Source: https://aws.amazon.com/ Accessed: 13 January, 2021

Key Players AWS Azure Google cloud

Compute, storage, Compute, storage, Compute, storage,

database, mobile, data databases,
analytics, management, networking, big
networking & messaging, media data, cloud AI,
content delivery, services, CDN, management tools,
machine learning machine learning Identity and
and AI, mobile, and AI, developer security, IoT, API
developer tools, tools, security, platform
IoT, security, blockchain,
enterprise functions, IoT...
applications,
blockchain...

2006 2010 2008

Source: https://aws.amazon.com/
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/services/
https://cloud.google.com/ Accessed: 13 January, 2021
Cloud service Software as a service (SaaS):

models ○ Consumer can use provider’s applications

running on cloud infrastructure.

○ Applications accessible from various client

devices

○ Consumer does not manage or control

underlying cloud infrastructure including network,
servers, operating systems, storage, or even
● SaaS individual application capabilities, with the possible
● PaaS exception of limited user-specific application
● IaaS configuration settings.

○ Users subscribe to services instead of buying

and licensing software instances.

○ For e.g. Google Docs can be used for free,

instead of buying document reading softwares such
as Microsoft Word.
Cloud service Platform as a service (PaaS):

models ○ Platform for creation of software, delivered

over web.

○ Deploy user-built applications onto a

virtualized cloud platform.

○ Includes databases, development tools, and

● SaaS
some runtime support such as Java, Python,
● PaaS .NET.
● IaaS
○ Developers directly write applications on cloud
and don’t have to buy separate licenses of
IDE.

○ Example: Google App Engine

Cloud service Infrastructure as a service (IaaS):

models
○ Infrastructures demanded by users—physical
resources, virtual machines, storage.

○ Rather than purchasing clients instead buy those

resources as a fully outsourced service on
demand.
SaaS
PaaS ○ For new organizations; or growing quickly
IaaS
○ Example: Amazon web services
Services stack
Economics of PaaS
• Consider a web application that needs to be
available 24x7, but where the transaction volume is

vs IaaS
unpredictable and can vary rapidly.

• Using an IaaS cloud: a minimal number of servers

would need to be provisioned at all times to ensure
availability

• In contrast, merely deploying the application on

PaaS cloud costs nothing. Depending upon the
usage, costs are incurred.

• The PaaS cloud scales automatically to successfully

handle increased requests to the web application.
Other Services ●
●
Storage as a service (another SaaS)
Security as a service (SECaaS)
● Database as a service (DaaS)
● Monitoring/management as a service (MaaS)
● Backup as a service (BaaS)
Take a guess!
 FarmerZone is a startup whose aim is to help farmers in crop production. They provide services to the farmers
using a mobile application where farmers can ask queries regarding crops. For example, they can send images
and enquire about rusting on leaves for the crops and seek help to resolve it.
FarmerZone processes data received from farmers to help them. Since farmers may not use a high-end camera
to capture images, FarmerZone uses image processing techniques to bring out the required features of the
image for the required analysis.
I. What kind of resource allocation is ideal in this case, static or dynamic? Give reasons for your choice.
II. What is more economical for FarmerZone: setting up an in-house computing unit or renting the service
from cloud service providers and explain why?
III. If FarmerZone decides to rent services from cloud service providers, what type of resources do you think
it will need? Explain.

Practice Question
Cloud deployment ● Public cloud:
○ Built over Internet, can be accessed by general

models
public
○ Accessible through a subscription
○ Limited visibility and control over data
○ Google App Engine, AWS

● Private cloud:
○ Accessible within organization
○ Onsite or outsourced
○ IIT Jammu

● Hybrid cloud:
○ Mixture of public (less-secure activities) and
private
○ Supplement private system
 Scaling

When demand is increasing and you need to expand its compute, storage power etc. How to expand ?

Horizontal scaling:

● Include more machines in pool of resources.

● Sharing workload across them.

Vertical scaling:

● Adding resources to existing machine to

increase power.
Cloud and
Virtualization
Cloud and ● Emulate more machines than are physically
available.

Virtualization ● Each time programs access the hardware the

VMM captures the process.
● Any program running under a VMM should
exhibit a function identical to that which it runs
on the original machine directly.
Cloud computing architecture
Actors in Cloud Computing

● Cloud service providers: maintainer of the service

● Cloud users/clients/ customers
● Cloud Auditor: Party that can conduct independent assessment of cloud services, operations,
performance and security of cloud implementation.
How does it work ● Clients request resources from service
providers
● Providers allocate resources
● Resource provisioning

What is missing ?
Service level ●
●
Terms and conditions
Penalties

agreement (SLA) ● QoS

Requirements of ●
●
Increase
Increase
productivity
end user satisfaction

CSP (Cloud Service ●

●
Increase
Increase
innovation
agility

Provider) ● Increase performance/price ratio

Conclusion