NEFAS SILK POLY TECHNIC COLLEGE

Hardware and Networking service

Level I

LEARNING GUIDE #5

Unit of Competence: Install Software Application

Module Title: Installing Software Application

TTLM Code: EIS HNS1 M05 TTLM 0322 V1

August, 2022
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1.1. Introduction to Computer Software

Computer software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the
instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.
In other words, software is a conceptual entity which is a set of computer programs, procedures,
and associated documentation concerned with the operation of a data processing system.

Fig. 1 The Full flow of computer

We can also say software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of
the computer for some purposes. In other words software is a set of programs, procedures,
algorithms and its documentation.
Computer software has facilitated the interaction between human beings and computers.
What are the different kinds of software?
Software refers to the computer programs, procedures and documentation that perform certain tasks
on a computer system.
Following is an extensive list of examples of the different kinds of software.
a. Application Software: Application software is that, which is designed for the end-
users and hence known as end-user programs. It employs the capabilities of a
computer to execute the tasks that the user wishes to perform on a computer system.
Look at the various examples of application software.
b. Educational Software: They are used to deliver tests and track progress. They are
used for educational purposes. Training management and classroom management
software are some examples of educational software. The software used for purposes

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 of edutainment, a form of entertainment that aims at educating the masses, is also a
form of educational software.
c. Enterprise Software: It caters to the needs of organization processes and data flow.
Customer relationship management and supply chain management software are the
well-known examples of enterprise software. Enterprise infrastructure software
supports the enterprise software systems.
d. Information Worker Software: It caters to the needs of an individual to manage
information pertaining to a project or a single department. Resource management
software and documentation tools are some of the popularly used information
worker software.
e. Media Development Software: They are used for the generation of print and
electronic media in the educational and commercial sector. Image organizers and
image editing software, animation software like Flash, audio and video editors as
well as the web development software are some well-known examples of media
development software.

f. Product Engineering Software: This software is used in the development of

hardware and software products. Application programming interfaces and integrated
development environments are the well-known examples of product engineering
software. Program testing tools, debuggers, compilers and CAD are some of the
other instances of product engineering software.
g. Simulation Software: They are used for the simulation of physical and abstract
systems. Computer simulators that are used for simulating scientific concepts and
social ideas, battlefield, vehicle and flight simulators are some of the popular
examples of simulation software.
h. Programming Software: Programming Languages are used to write programs that
control the functioning of a computer system. They are the building blocks of
computer applications. Go through the complete list of the different programming
languages.
i. System Software: It is computer software that manages and controls hardware in
order to enable application software to perform its tasks. System software performs
the functions like transferring data from memory to the disk or delivering text onto a
display device.
j. Device Drivers: They are computer programs, which facilitate the interaction of
high-level computer programs with the hardware devices. Drivers also provide
interrupt-handling mechanisms.
k. Network Managers: They check computer networks, data transfers and log events.
l. Virus Scanners: They scan for viruses on a computer system. They are widely
known as antivirus software.

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 m. Content-Control Software: It refers to the software designed for controlling the
content that is permitted for the user to access. It can determine what content will be
available on a particular machine or network. Content-control software is commonly
used at homes and in schools to restrict the content that can be accessed over the net
by the students.
n. Data Recovery Software: Apart from the facilities of copying of data files, data
recovery software supports the user needs of backing up important computer data. It
allows the user to specify what is to be backed up and when.

Fig 2.1 Application software

1.1Types of Computer Software

The two major types the computer software
 System Software: It helps in running the computer hardware and the computer
system. System software is a collection of operating systems; device drivers, servers,
windowing systems and utilities. System software helps an application

 Programmer in abstracting away from hardware, memory and other internal

complexities of a computer.
 Application Software: It enables the end users to accomplish certain specific tasks.
Business software, databases and educational software are some forms of application
software. Different word processors, which are dedicated for specialized tasks to be
performed by the user, are other examples of application software.

a) Types of Application Software

What is application software? What are the different types of application software? Know it
all along with some interesting examples of application software.
Application software utilizes the capacities of a computer directly to a dedicated task.
Application software is able to manipulate text, numbers and graphics. It can be in the form

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 of software focused on a certain single task like word processing, spreadsheet or playing of
audio and video files.
Different Types of Application Software are:
a. Word Processing Software:
This software enables the users to create and edit documents. The most popular
examples of this type of software are MS-Word, Word-pad, Notepad and some other
text editors.
b. Database Software:
Database is a structured collection of data. A computer database relies on database
software to organize the data and enable the database users to achieve database
operations. Database software allows the users to store and retrieve data from
databases. Examples are Oracle, MS Access, etc.
c. Spreadsheet Software:
Spreadsheet software allows users to perform calculations. They simulate paper
worksheets by displaying multiple cells that make up a grid. Excel, Lotus 1-2-3 and
Apple Numbers are some examples of spreadsheet software.
d. Multimedia Software:
They allow the users to create and play audio and video media. They are capable of
playing media files. Audio converters, players, burners, video encoders and decoders
are some forms of multimedia software. Examples of this type of software include
Real Player and Media Player.
e. Presentation Software:
The software that is used to display information in the form of a slide show is known
as presentation software. This type of software includes three functions, namely,
editing that allows insertion and formatting of text, methods to include graphics in
the text and a functionality of executing the slide shows. Microsoft PowerPoint is the
best example of presentation software.

Fig .2.2 Application software

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 System Requirements for Software Installation

To be used efficiently, all computer software needs certain hardware components or other software
resources to be present on a computer. These per-requisites are known as system requirements and
are often used as a guideline as opposed to an absolute rule. Most software defines two sets of
system requirements: minimum and recommended.
 Minimum specifications are the absolute minimum requirements for hardware you should
have in your system in order to install and run the OS you have chosen.
 Recommended hardware specifications are what you should have in your system to
realize usable performance.
 Always try to have the recommended hardware (or better) in your system. If you don’t, you
may have to upgrade your hardware before you upgrade your OS.
 Make sure you have a good margin between your system’s performance and the minimum
requirements.
 Always run Windows on more hardware, rather than less!
 Recommended requirements are almost always of a significantly higher level than the
minimum requirements, and represent the ideal situation in which to run the software.
Generally speaking this is a better guideline than minimum system requirements in order to
have a fully usable and enjoyable experience with software.

Hardware Requirements
The most common set of requirements defined by any operating system or software application is
the physical computer resources, also known as hardware. A hardware requirements list is often
accompanied by a Hardware Compatibility List (HCL), especially in case of operating systems. A
hardware compatibility list is a database of hardware models and their compatibility with a certain
operating system. An HCL lists tested, compatible, and sometimes incompatible hardware devices
for a particular operating system or application.
The following sub-sections discuss the various aspects of hardware requirements.

Architecture
All computer operating systems are designed for particular computer architecture. Most software
applications are limited to particular operating systems running on particular architectures.
Although architecture-independent operating systems and applications exist, most need to be
recompiled to run on a new architecture.
I. Processing Power
The power of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a fundamental system
requirement for any software. Most software running on x86 architecture define
processing power as the model and the clock speed of the CPU. Many other features
of a CPU that influence its speed and power, like bus speed, cache, and MIPS are
often ignored. This definition of power is often erroneous, as AMD Athlon and Intel
Pentium CPUs at similar clock speed often have different throughput speeds.

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 II. Memory
All software, when run, resides in the Random Access Memory (RAM) of a
computer. Memory requirements are defined after considering demands of the
application, operating system, supporting software and files, and other running
processes. Optimal performance of other unrelated software running on a multi-
tasking computer system is also considered when defining this requirement.
III. Secondary Storage
Hard-disk requirements vary, depending on the size of software installation,
temporary files created and maintained while installing or running the software, and
possible use of swap space (if RAM is insufficient).

IV. Display Adapter

Software requiring a better than average computer graphics display, like graphics
editors and high-end games, often define high-end display adapters in the system
requirements.
V. Peripherals
Some software applications need to make extensive and/or special use of some
peripherals, demanding the higher performance or functionality of such peripherals.
Such peripherals include CD-ROM drives, keyboards, pointing devices, network
devices, etc.

Fig .2.3Hard ware device

Software Requirements

Software requirements deal with defining software resource requirements and per-requisites
that need to be installed on a computer to provide optimal functioning of an application.
These requirements or per-requisites are generally not included in the software installation
package and need to be installed separately before the software is installed.

a. Platform
In computing, a platform describes some sort of framework, either in hardware or
software, which allows software to run. Typical platforms include a computer's

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 architecture, operating system, or programming languages and their runtime
libraries.
Operating system is one of the first requirements mentioned when defining system
requirements (software). Software may not be compatible with different versions of
same line of operating systems, although some measure of backward compatibility is
often maintained. For example, most software designed for Microsoft Windows XP
does not run on Microsoft Windows 98, although the converse is not always true.

b. APIs and Drivers

Software making extensive use of special hardware devices, like high-end display
adapters, needs special API or newer device drivers. A good example is DirectX,
which is a collection of API s for handling tasks related to multimedia, especially
game programming, on Microsoft platforms.

c. Web Browser
Most web applications and software depending heavily on Internet technologies
make use of the default browser installed on system. Microsoft Internet Explorer is a
frequent choice of software running on Microsoft Windows, which makes use of
ActiveX controls, despite their vulnerabilities.

1.2. Determining Client Requirements

The installation of new software or a software upgrade involves a number of carefully planned
activities and people who specialize in the installation of computer applications. These activities
begin with the initial request from the client for new software or a software upgrade. Once the
client's request has been evaluated, the computer supports person first analyses:
 The system components including the capabilities of the client's computer
 The processes that manipulate the data
 The current system deficiencies
 The system constraints
 The specific objectives and the performance requirements of the new system
 The corporate desktop software used by the organization.
The next step is to determine and recommend hardware and software components that will satisfy
the client's information needs and comply with the stated constraints. There are two questions that
you must answer before any recommendations can be made.
 Is it possible to solve the problem?
 Can the organization afford to solve the problem?
Other things that need to be considered include time frame, cost, technical, legal, environmental,
hardware, software, human, organizational and operational implications.
Every client has different needs and therefore there will be considerable variation in the factors
which go towards installing new software or software upgrade. Among these variations are
software, licensing and organizational considerations.

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 A. Software
Variables for new software and upgrade requirements includes software versions,
commercial software applications, organization-specific software, operating systems,
network operating systems, stand-alone PC systems, word processing, spreadsheets,
database, graphics, communication packages, software installation instructions and manuals
and the range of suppliers. The relationship between you and the client, and ease of access
to them, will vary; often it will be easier to work with another department within an
organization than with a client.
B. Licensing
A supplier of software does not sell you the software; you receive a license to use the
software only. Therefore you must determine if the client has a current valid license to use
the software. In some cases the organization may have a site license, where any computer
belonging to the organization may use the software. In other cases there may be a limited
number of licenses for specific computers.

Fig 3.Product key

C. Organizational Requirements
Variables include contracting arrangements relating to information technology, purchasing
procedures, licensing requirements and supplier options, storage and retrieval of product
licenses, storage of information technology equipment and documentation and retrieval of
product licenses. In addition:
Development methods and tools will vary from very simple procedures to very advanced
computer-assisted software engineering (CASE) tools
Hardware variables common to personal computers and networks include disk space, RAM,
CPU and the operating system.

Occupational health and safety standards will vary according to company, government and
vendor requirements. Ergonomic and environmental factors must be considered.
Organizational standards may be based upon formal, well-documented methodologies
Budget constraints will limit the options available for new software.
Before you can determine new software or software upgrade requirements for a client, you
need to examine their current software and hardware environment.

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 2.1 The Main Participants in the Installation of Software
There are a number of different people involved in the installation of software, whether it is a new
license or upgrades to existing licenses. The degree of their involvement will depend on the
complexity and extent of software applications being installed.
The main participants in the installation of new software include:
 Clients or End-Users - the people or group of people for whom the software is being
installed. You interview them in order to find out what software they currently have, and
their information needs.
 Supervisor- the person concerned with the overall management and allocation of support
resources, and of all the technical staff working on the project. They communicate with the
clients and make sure that they are happy with the service being provided. They are kept
informed of the client's requirements.
 Computer Support Officer - the person who receives a technology-free statement of user
requirements from the client and transforms it into a working computer system that will
fulfill the client's computer and business needs. Their role is to install and thoroughly test
the software and hardware before handing it over to the client.
 Staff Trainer - responsible for training all the staff in the use of the new software and for
providing documentation for users to support them with the ongoing use of the software
 Help Desk Staff - their main task is to provide timely advice (usually over the telephone) to
users in the operation of the hardware and software in use
 Network Specialist - the person involved with implementing and maintaining the network.

2.2Report client requirements

Client Involvement
It is a common belief among experienced systems analysts that the biggest single factor
which determines the success or failure of a system is the amount of client involvement that
occurred when determining the users' requirements. Input by the users does not stop at the
initial investigative phase. Users need to be involved in all stages of installation and they
serve as a reliable information source. Successful projects have strong and well
communicated commitment on the part of the users. User involvement should ensure that:
 All the user's requirements are met in the initial investigative phases. These requirements
include the information to be produced by an information system for their everyday work.
For example, the system must be easy to use and produce the required information within
acceptable time frames.
 Users, including the organization’s management, review the software documents and other
relevant reports during installation. Management requires progress reports, business goals
and estimates of resource usage, costs and completion times. Management must be
convinced that their funds and resources are utilized in the best possible way. This will
ensure that the users will accept the software once it is operational.
 The users are adequately trained with the new software before it is installed. This means that
they must be familiar with the software to a level which allows them to independently use it
in their everyday work in order to fulfill their information needs.

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 I. Management Levels
Clients from different levels of management have different interests in software applications.
Strong client support and involvement and wise user decisions are essential to successful
installation and use of software applications. Users should be involved to different degrees and in
different ways depending on the managerial hierarchy.
Top-level management is involved with:
 Providing initiative and support for the installation of new software
 The appointment of a supervisor
 Ensuring compatibility of the new systems functions and objectives with the business
objectives for the organization
 The allocation of resources and approval of budgets
 The monitoring of progress by review at major checkpoints
 Making decisions from alternatives, making trade-offs and considering relative costs and
benefits
 Satisfaction with the system on the part of all other types of users
 Ensuring that organizational guidelines on purchasing hardware and software are followed.
II. Middle-level management is involved with:
 Receipt of regular progress reports so that they can monitor progress and make decision: to
abort or continue
 Appointing a contact person to deal with the needs of the vendor
 Ensuring that software purchased is of appropriate scope for correct and detailed support of
operations and meets the organization’s guidelines
 Advising on managerial requirements that will ultimately assist in effective decision making

 Approving the purchase of software licenses and indicating the account from which the
money will come
 Ensuring the smooth integration of manual and automated procedures
 Ensuring adequate training and documentation for hands-on users.
III. Lower-level management is involved with:
 Providing relevant information during the data-gathering phases concerned with the
functions that the software application will perform
 Reviewing various user interface designs such as screen forms and reports
 Assisting system testing and conducting acceptance testing when requested to do so
 Receiving training when required and reading all appropriate user manuals
 Ensuring that the supplied documentation is available and kept up-to-date
 Reporting all problems once the system is operational
 Making valid suggestions for enhancements and modifications to the new system.

2.3 Documenting and Reporting

There are many documents that need to be produced and exchanged between clients and
suppliers of software applications. Two important documents that are exchanged at the
initial stages are the Project Request form and the Feasibility Report. The Project Request

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 form outlines the general requirements of the client. The Feasibility Report determines if the
client's needs can be met. Included in the Feasibility Report are possible software
applications, their costs, benefits and impact on the organization.
Although the initial request for change may be verbal, it is formalized using a Project
Request form. This is the first official item of documentation that the user must submit to
the organization installing the software. Below is a description and an example of the
Project Request Form.

a) Software Requirements

Software requirements and some issues surrounding them, a software requirement is,
including the different types of requirements. And deal with changing requirements and
control project scope, as well as how requirements affect design. These lessons will give
you the knowledge you need to move on to eliciting and creating good quality requirements
in the next modules.

Factors that affect the software requirements:-

b) User Interaction

A major duty of a software installation person is eliciting and expressing requirements from
your client. to create the best product for your end users, how to conduct productive client
meetings, and various ways of expressing requirements. These techniques will provide you
with the tools you will need to confidently interact with your client as well as satisfy them
with the “right product”

c) Quality Requirements and Writing Requirements

Explore the many ways in which software requirements can be represented. the most
popular means of expressing requirements in the industry today: the user story. You will
learn how acceptance tests help to verify the stories which they accompany, and how to
create a robust product backlog. At the end of the module, you will learn how story maps
are used to organize user stories, so that you’re always putting your effort into the tasks
which makes the most impact. Analyzing creates clear, actionable, requirements which
result in high quality software with fewer errors.

1.3. Verify the client requirement

Before the any installation began the following supposed to be considered and verified if the need
of a client are going to be meet

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 1.3.1Define the software Purpose
Your first step is to create an outline for your software requirements specification. This may be
something you create yourself. Or you may use an existing request.
 Purpose, Intended
 Audience, Intended Use,
 Overall Description User Needs,
 Assumptions and dependence,
 System Features and Requirements
 Functional Requirements,
 External Interface Requirement,
 System Feature,
 Nonfunctional Requirements

This is a basic outline and yours may contain more (or fewer) items. Now that you have an
outline, let’s fill in the blanks
a) Intended Audience and Intended Use
Define who in your organization will have access the software and how they should use it. . It
could also include stakeholders in other departments, including leadership teams, sales, and
marketing.
Defining this now will lead to less work in the future.
b) Product Scope
What are the benefits, objectives, and goals we intend to have for this product? This should
relate to overall purpose and goal.
Describe What You Will Build?
Your next step is to give a description of what you’re going to build. Is it a new product? Is it an
add-on to a product you’ve already created? Is this going to integrate with another product?
Why is this needed? Who is it for?
Understanding these questions on the front end makes creating the product much easier for all
involved.
c) User Needs
Describe who will use the product and how. Understanding the user of the product and their
needs is a critical part of the process.
Who will be using the product? Are they a primary or secondary user? Do you need to know
about the purchaser of the product as well as the end user? In medical devices, you will also
need to know the needs of the patient.

d) Assumptions and Dependencies

What are we assuming will be true? Understating and laying out these assumptions ahead of
time will help with headaches later. Are we assuming current technology? Are we basing this on
a Windows framework? We need to take stock of these assumptions to better understand when
our product would fail or not operate perfectly.

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 Finally, you should note if your project is dependent on any external factors. Are we reusing a
bit of software from a previous project? This new project would then depend on that operating
correctly and should be included.

e) Detail Your Specific Requirements

In order for your development team to meet the requirements properly, we MUST include as
much detail as possible. This can feel overwhelming but becomes easier as you break down
your requirements into categories. Some common categories are:
f) Functional Requirements
Functional requirements are essential to your product because, as they state, they provide some
sort of functionality..
You may also have requirements that outline how your software will interact with other tools,
which brings us to external interface requirements.
g) External Interface Requirements
External interface requirements are specific types of functional requirements. These are
especially important when working with embedded systems. They outline how your product
will interface with other components.
There are several types of interfaces you may have requirements for, including:
 User
 Hardware
 Software
 Communications
h) System Features
System features are types of functional requirements. These are features that are required in
order for a system to function.
i) Other Nonfunctional Requirements
Nonfunctional requirements can be just as important as functional ones.
These include:
 Performance
 Safety
 Security
 Quality
The importance of this type of requirement may vary depending on your industry. In the
medical device industry, there are often regulations that require the tracking and accounting of
safety.
j) Deliver for Approval

Once you analyses the requirements, you can easily manage them throughout your development
process.

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 #Lo2

2.1Application Software

Once a need for software has been identified a requirement specification should be created to
specify what software is required.
For example a business identifies that they need some office productivity software that will do word
processing and spreadsheets. The requirements specification will detail all relevant information as
to how word processing and spreadsheets need to work for the business. Once you have this
information you can then start looking for software.

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 Fig.4 Office Application software

Once your supervisor has checked and approved the client's software requirements you will need to
obtain the software.
1.1Investigating and selecting application program
Information available on software products can be accessed from many sources. These sources
have varying degrees of objectivity ranging from the authoritative to the informal. Some of
common sources of information for searching a product are:
 Computer magazines
 Newspapers
 The Internet
 IT consultants
 IT department
 Computer suppliers
Other sources of information may include industry colleagues, contacts and organization similar
to your own.
Depending on the size and the type of your organization, you will choose one of several
different ways of collecting the software. For example, large organizations usually have a
section or a department which controls purchases and deals only with a selected number of
suppliers. In such cases, you will be provided with a catalogue of available products from which
to choose.
Such organizations also use a Purchase Requisition document (usually called a PR book)
provided by the administrative department. You will need to fill in and submit a Purchase Order
which also needs to be signed by your supervisor.
If an organization allows purchases to be made from any supplier, then you will be expected to
obtain two quotations from different suppliers and attach them to your purchase order.
Smaller organizations may require some additional tasks. For example, you may be asked to
create a Purchase Order form using a word processor and then submit it to a supplier. Therefore,
it is essential that you know the organizational guidelines regarding the purchase of software.

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 Every piece of software installed in a computer has clearly specified system requirements.
These requirements define an environment for correct operation of the software. In general,
features which describe such an environment may include:

 Operating system requirements (whether Windows or Macintosh or Unix/Linux or

other)
 Minimum size of RAM required
 Minimum size of free disk space on a hard disk required
 Depending on the type of software, there could be a list of additional requirements such
as CDROM, sound card, specified screen resolution and so forth.
Note: Before you proceed with software installation, you need to ensure that the client's
computer satisfies all system requirements.
1.2 Obtaining application programed under instruction
To help determine if the new software is suitable we will need to research the technical
specifications and functionality.
1.2.1 Software Prerequisites
Prerequisites are conditions that will ensure the correct running of a software
application.
Software prerequisites may include:
• Specific system requirements such as hardware or operating systems [but these
are listed as system requirements]
• The prior installation of another software package
• Services such as security and access systems, networks, Internet connections,
and so on.
Here are some examples of software prerequisites:
'To browse the World Wide Web using Netscape or other Web browsers, you must have
a connection to an ISP (Internet service provider).'

1.2.1.1 System Requirements

To ensure the correct operation of their software, most software manufacturers will
specify preconditions to the functioning of their software by recommending a minimum
system configuration. The system requirements may include:
• The hardware platform
• The operating system
• Resource requirements (CPU, memory)
• Storage capacity for the software and data
• Hardware devices such as a mouse, CD ROM drive, printer, backup device,
modem.
• Minimum specifications for hardware such as screen resolution

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 These system requirements ensure that software is installed and run in an appropriate
environment. Many software applications can run in many different environments, but
usually software manufacturers will only guarantee their software in a limited range of
environments.

1.2.1.2 System Incompatibilities

System incompatibilities are mismatches between the software and the system configuration
and or other installed software. System incompatibilities may prevent the software being
installed or prevent the software from operating as expected. .
During your investigation of minimum system requirements and prerequisites, it is important to
recognize any incompatibilities with your target systems.

2.2. License type and requirement

There are two general types of software licenses that differ based on how they are viewed under
copyright law

A. Types of software licenses

Free and open source software (FOSS) licenses are often referred to as open source. FOSS source
code is available to the customer along with the software product. The customer is usually allowed
to use the source code to change the software.

Proprietary licenses are often referred to as closed source. They provide customers with operational
code. Users cannot freely alter this software. These licenses also usually restrict reverse engineering
the software's code to obtain the source code.

An open source contributor license agreement is different from a software license agreement. See
how. A more detailed list includes five types of software licenses. It makes finer distinctions among
various types of open source licenses and proprietary licenses. This list includes the following:

A. Public domain. This software is freely available. Anyone can use and change it or
incorporate code from this software into an application. However, businesses should use
caution as altered code may not meet enterprise quality and security standards. Companies
should be wary of ambiguous licenses that appear to be public domain but do not explicitly
say so.
B. Lesser general public license. Developers can link to open source libraries within their
software and use any licensing type for the code.
C. Permissive. This type of license will establish some requirements for distribution or
modification of the software. It also has requirements for preserving license notices,
copyrights or trademarks. There are several variations of permissive licenses, including
Apache, BSD (Berkeley Source Distribution) and MIT licenses.
D. Copyleft. Licensed code may be distributed or modified as part of a software application or
project if all code involved is distributed under the same license. New products containing
old code with a copy left license must comply with the restrictions laid out in the old code's
license.

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 E. Proprietary. This is the most restrictive license type. Proprietary software licenses make it
illegal to copy, modify or distribute the software. These licenses provide the software
owners with the most protection from unauthorized use of the software.

Different software licenses enforce different levels of restrictions on users' ability to copy,
modify and distribute code. See the five most common types.

B. Software license cost

The cost of a software license depends on the type of license, the type of software and the pricing
model. There may be a one-time fee that gives the user ownership rights to the software program.
This approach is considered the traditional way of owning software -- buying the license up front
and gaining the rights to use the software indefinitely. This type of purchase agreement is known as
a perpetual license.

Alternatively, the user may pay an initial fee followed by a subscription plan where payment is
made at regular intervals.

License costs are often based on the number of users and devices that use the software. They may
also depend on the software deployment method. Costs can increase with add-ons, upgrades,
maintenance fees and other fees. Depending on these factors, software license costs can vary from
free or nearly so, to many thousands of dollars.

Tracking software licenses and costs can be particularly difficult across virtualized servers, mobile
devices and the cloud operations.

C. Software license agreement

End-user license agreements typically include basic information about the parties entering the
agreement, such as full names of the parties’ involved, contact information and address of the
parties. It also likely includes information on the following:

When the conditions of the agreement go into effect (i.e., the moment the user accepts the terms and
conditions); charges owed per user; the duration of the agreement;terms of cancellation and terms
for recovery of charges if cancelled during the period covered by the original agreement

#Lo3

3. Installing or upgrading application software

3. 1Upgrading Software

The term upgrade refers to the replacement of a product with a newer version of the same product.
It is most often used in computing and consumer electronics, generally meaning a replacement of

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 hardware, software or firmware with a newer or better version, in order to bring the system up to
date. Common software upgrades include changing the version of an operating system, of an office
suite, of an anti-virus program, or of various other tools.
 Risks of Upgrading
Although developers produce upgrades in order to improve a product, there are risks
involved—including the possibility that the upgrade will worsen the product.
Upgrades of hardware involve a risk that new hardware will not be compatible with other
pieces of hardware in a system. For example, an upgrade of RAM may not be compatible
with existing RAM in a computer. Other hardware components may not be compatible after
either an upgrade or downgrade, due to the non-availability of compatible drivers for the
hardware with a specific operating system. Conversely, there is the same risk of non-
compatibility when software is upgraded or downgraded for previously functioning
hardware to no longer function.
Upgrades of software introduce the risk that the new version (or patch) will contain a bug,
causing the program to malfunction in some way or not to function at all Upgrades can also
worsen a product subjectively. A user may prefer an older version even if a newer version
functions perfectly as designed.
 When Should You Upgrade Your PC Software?
With new versions of the software being released regularly; one of the questions we get
often is how someone should decide whether they should upgrade their software to the
current version. In addition to the cost of the upgrade, which seems to be rising steadily,
there is the hassle factor in using new software - learning the new features or interface, the
bugs that inevitably there and the resulting temporary loss of productivity. When we are
talking about software, we are referring to both the software drivers that guide the operation
of the computer components as well as the application software, such as a word processor or
spreadsheet.
We generally separate software upgrades into two categories:
 Service releases or bug fixes and
 New software versions.
For service releases or bug fixes, we tend to upgrade as soon as they are released since they usually
make the software more stable and reliable.
For new software versions, we should use four criteria to determine whether we want to upgrade:
 Is our current version no longer supported?
As software manufacturers release new software, they no longer support the older versions.
Most software companies support the most recent old version and perhaps one more past
version, but rarely more than two old versions. To check if your version is supported, you
can go to the software maker's website and check the support area.
 Does the new version have some features that will make my work more efficient?
Almost every software release includes new features designed to make work more efficient
or easier. We should examine the list of new or changed features to see if any will really
benefit me. Most people never use more than 10-20% of the features of a software package,
so new features in that unused 80% are of less interest.
 Has the software been out long enough to detect any significant problems?

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 We will usually wait 6-12 months after a major new software version is released before
upgrading. In the first few months, the software company finds bugs that they didn't find
when testing it and they prepare a service release or minor upgrade to fix those problems.
Usually wait until that first service release is available until you upgrade. This reduces the
risk of upgrading and running into significant problems.
 Will I run into file format compatibility issues?
If a software application has changed the file format that the information is saved in, the
new files may not be compatible with the old version of the software. This can cause
problems when sharing files with colleagues or partners. If the file format has changed, I
will wait longer to upgrade in order to ensure that most of the people I will share files with
have upgraded and we will reduce the risk of running into file compatibility problems.
3.1.1Installing Software

Some software can be executed by simply copying it to a computer and executing it

with no further argument; no installation procedure as such is required. Other programs are
supplied in a form not suitable for immediate execution, and require an installation
procedure. Installation may include unpacking of files supplied in a compressed form,
copying them to suitable locations, tailoring the software to suit the hardware and the user's
preferences, providing information about the program to the operating system, and so on.
The installer may test for system suitability and available mass storage space.
Type of Installations

 Silent Installation
Installation that does not display messages or windows during its progress. "Silent
installation" is not the same as "unattended installation", though it is often improperly used
as such

 Unattended Installation
Installation that is performed without user interaction during its progress or, in a stricter
sense, with no user present at all, except eventually for the initial launch of the process. An
installation process usually requires a user who "attends" it to make choices at request:
accepting an EULA, specifying preferences and passwords, etc.
Some unattended installations can be driven by a script providing answers to the various
choices such as the answer file which can be used when installing Microsoft Windows on a
large number of machines.

 Self-Installation
Unattended installation, without the need of initial launch of the process (i.e. Vodafone
Mobile Connect USB Modem or Huawei E220's Mobile Partner software that self-installs
from the USB port).
 Clean Installation
Given the complexity of a typical installation there are many factors that may interfere with
its successful completion. In particular files that are leftover from old installations of the

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 same program or an unstable situation of the operating system may all act to prevent a
given program from installing and working correctly. An installation performed in absence
of such interfering factors (which may vary from program to program) is called a clean
installation. In particular, a clean operating system installation can be performed by
formatting its destination partition before the actual installation process.
 Flat Installation
An installation of a program performed from a copy (called a flat copy) of its original
media contents (mostly CDs or DVDs) to a hard drive, rather than directly from the media.
This may help in some situations where the target machine isn't able to cope with random
access reads from CD/DVD at the same time as performing the CPU-intensive tasks often
required by an installation, or where the target machine does not have an appropriate
physical drive.
 Network Installation
An installation of program from a shared network drive. This may simply be a copy of the
original media (as in a Flat Installation), but frequently, software publishers which offer
site licenses for institutional customers provide a version intended for installation over a
network.
Install Microsoft Office 2016

What needed?
 A laptop or PC (obviously!) with at least 1GB of storage space.
 A flash drive (1GB as a minimum, 2GB or above recommended).
 DVD/USB flash drive with at least 1GB free space. This drive will be formatted, so make
sure it doesn't have any important files on it.
 Technician PC - PC that you'll use to copy the USB flash drive
 Destination PC - A PC that you'll install The Application software.

3.2 Minimal Disruption to the Client

Just like when installing hardware, one important consideration when installing or upgrading
software is to try and install the software with minimal disruption to the client.
You could consider the same installation schedule as of hardware maintenance such as:
 quiet periods (for example, during holiday periods)
 before or after normal office hours
 while the client/user is out of the office

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  when the client will not be needing their computer
Installation would vary depends on the software to be installed and the hardware speed. You can
check your manuals or documented procedures on how much time it would take to install specific
software for a specific hardware. You can also check the web on how much time your software
installation would take given your hardware.
Once you have known the how much time it would take for the software installation, you can now
arranged a suitable time, make sure you adhere to it or give advanced notice if you will be delayed.
Remember that clients may have scheduled their daily workload around the installation.
The use of cloning software would be another option when installing the same software’s to several
computers that needs to obtain the same software’s. Just make a clean installation of all software’s
on one computer then you can clone the other computers to obtain the same software’s at a
minimum time. It would be advisable for new computers having the same hardware specifications.
After completing essential verification of suitability of hardware and software according to
supervisor's instructions, you have to work out when will be the most suitable time to install the
software. The major point which you need to consider is to ensure that the installation process will
minimize client disruption.
To achieve that, it is recommended you approach the software installation process in a structured
way. That is:
 Establish the approximate time for the installation (include time to resolve problems which
may arise during installation)
 Discuss with your client when the projected time for installation will cause minimal
disruption to the organization’s operation
 Organize resources required to record:
 any problems which may arise during installation
 a specific options or customized configurations implemented during installation
 Organize resources required during installation process e.g. troubleshooting disks, startup
disks, backup disks, license number and registration number
Once the software installation or upgrade has been done, make necessary update on the software
inventory for that particular hardware. Update also the operational procedures on how to install the
new version of the software being installed.

3.2.1Verify Client Requirements and Client Satisfaction

The last step which you have to do to complete the software installation process is to verify client
requirements.
Your client has invested in the software you installed, so you have to demonstrate to your client that
the program indeed does what it is supposed to do. Such a demonstration will strongly depend on
the type of software you install.

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 You also have to consider the level of customer's skills in operating the software. For a beginner,
you will demonstrate the very basic steps, such as how to get started and close the software. It is
also recommended that you provide some information about the appropriate training for beginners.
Some companies may provide staff trainer.
Staff Trainer
 Responsible for training all staff in the use of the new software.
 Provides documentation for users and ongoing support.
For more advanced users, your demonstration should display the use of features matching the
client's initial requirements.
Any demonstration which you wish to do should be planned, prepared and tested in advance, prior
to installation of the software. Performing an unplanned demonstration may lead to basic errors
which may make your customer question the quality of your work.
You should also be aware that some software programs are very complex or may contain many
components (e.g. integrated software). In such cases, conducting a demonstration covering every
element of the client's requirement would not be practical because it may take very long time. If
such programs contain some kind of built-in demonstration, you should make your customer aware
of this feature.
The last, and probably the most important way of ensuring client satisfaction is to provide
immediate help or support in a case of emergency (Using the Help Desk Staff or Computer Support
Officer).
Unfortunately, problems with software happen quite frequently. The most frequent problems with
software are generated by inappropriate usage.
Sometimes problems with software may arise due to hardware malfunction, and occasionally
problems can be generated by incorrectly written software (software bugs). However, since you
installed the software most customers will assume that you are responsible for all problems they
experience. If you (and your organization) value a customer and wish to continue providing service,
you have to ensure that your client can contact you and report any problems. You also have to
respond to these problems and provide a solution as soon as you can.

3.2.2Installation documentation and report

Installation guide is a technical communication document intended to assist people on how to

install a particular program. An installation guide may include the following information: The first
part of a guide may give general instructions.
An installation report is a document that describes in detail the correct installation procedures. This
can involve a machine, a device or an appliance. When you write an installation report, it must be
kept organized and detailed. While there is no proper format required for an installation report, you
should include the basic installation steps, safety concerns and installation checklists sections to
help the reader understand what the installation requires and why. Organize the sections in the order
they are needed, so give an introduction of the device being installed and the safety precautions
before the installation process.

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 Fig .6 sample installation form

 Write an introduction to your installation report. This should include a description of the
item being installed, its function and why it is important to install it correctly. For example,
for an oven explain how it is an appliance for the kitchen used to cook warm meals. Explain
that proper installation is necessary to avoid fires or gas leaks.
 Provide a list of safety icons or images the person may encounter during the installation
process. This can include electrical dangers, possibility of gas leak or sharp edges. Explain
each danger and what picture accompanies what safety issue.
 List all of the potential dangers that emerge during the installation process. This can be
electrical sparks when installing an electrical box, for example.
 Create a checklist that gives the user the ability to inspect the item for installation to ensure
everything is intact prior to the installation process. Inform the reader that if something is
broken on the device, installation should not be attempted.
 Write a step-by-step instructional manual that guides the reader through the entire
installation process. The manual must be detailed, so the user knows exactly what he is
doing at all time. For example, write "Unpack the device from the box and remove all of the
packaging and protective paper." Write for beginners and do not take any knowledge for
granted.
 Provide detailed sketches or images of the item being installed. If the installation requires
assembly, images can be quite helpful to show the reader how pieces are attached to one
another.
 Create illustrations to show the reader how specific levels, such as water or battery levels,
should appear after installation, if applicable. Illustrations can help show the reader whether
the installation is done correctly. If there is a possibility that the water or battery levels can
alter during or directly after installation, let the reader know. For example, the water levels
in a toilet bowl can alter after installation as the water needs to run its course in the pipes.
 Write a conclusion that focuses on the importance of item management and maintenance.
Indicate improper actions, such as placing heavy items on top of the device that may cause
the equipment to break or function inadequately if it is not maintained properly.

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  Save the installation report as a PDF file. This will ensure that no one except yourself can
change or update report as required.

Installing software from the Web

1. Locate and download an .exe file.

2. Locate and double-click the .exe file. (It will usually be in your Downloads folder.)
3. A dialog box will appear. Follow the instructions to install the software.
4. The software will be installed.

3.2.3 Software Testing and Impact Analysis

Test Procedures
Computer Support Officer – The person who receives a technology-free statement of the user
requirements and transforms it into a computer system.
 Installs and tests the software.
Once the software has been installed you need to check out its correct operation. Testing procedures
used will depend on the type of software being installed. However, for each type of software there
are three basic functions which should be tested:

 Starting software
 Software operation
 Closing software
Starting software may involve provision of instructions on how to start the software. It may also
involve creation of shortcuts to simplify access to the software.
Testing software operation will require testing data. Data selected for testing purpose should
involve use of fundamental features of the software to demonstrate their correct operations.
Closing software will demonstrate the conclusion of the full cycle software operation. Testing all
three stages will confirm that there are no side effects in operation of any part of the software. Such
are usually the responsibilities of the Computer Support Officer.
Impact Analysis is defined as analyzing the impact of changes in the deployed product or
application. It gives the information about the areas of the system that may be affected due to the
change in the particular section or features of the application.

The impact is analyzed on Requirements, Design & Architecture, impact on Test and impact on
schedule.

Why Change Impact Analysis is done?

A. It is done to understand the possible outcome of implementing the change. Inducing too
much functionality into a product can reduce the overall performance of the product.
B. To identify all the files, documents and models that might have to be modified if a team
decides to implement the change in product

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 C. To estimate the effort needed behind implementing the change
D. To identify the task required to implement the change

What is Impact Analysis Document?

Impact Analysis document can be used as a checklist. It is used to evaluate change request before
working on them. The Impact Analysis document should give details like

A. Brief description of an issue

B. Explain or show an example of how the defect is causing failure and/or inefficiency
C. Include an estimate of complexity
D. Include an estimate of cost and time for a fix
E. Functionality to be tested
F. List down the new test cases created for the change
G. Reference document- Mention the reference document, technical specification, etc.

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 3.1. Installing and Upgrade Application software

Operation Sheet – 1 Installing Application Program

Operation sheet 1.2 Install or Upgrade to Microsoft office 2016 Application software

Operation title:Installing or Upgrading Application software

Purpose: To Run Microsoft office 2016 Application
Instruction: Ask for software and necessary materials from your instructor and implement the
following steps

Tools and Equipment: Microsoft office 2016 and Personal Computer/Lap top
Precautions:
1. Connect the USB flash drive to your technician PC.
2. Copy Windows Setup to the USB flash drive
3. Use copy and paste the entire contents to the USB flash drive.
4. check the USB have the Setup of Microsoft Office 2016

Fig 8 Microsoft office 2016

Steps:1
1. First input the setup in (flash or DVD).
Then turn on the computer,

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 Open the USB drive in File Explorer, and then double-click the setup file.

Steps:2

Steps:3

Steps:4

 Accepting the license terms, accepting the license terms screen with Accept selected
 In the Choose what to keep window, select what you want to keep, and then click Next.
 Then click Install now.

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 Quality criteria :Checking every application integrated in Microsof Office 2016 Properly install

Operation Sheet – 2 Installing Application Program

1.3How to install Acrobat Adobe

Operation title: installing or Application software

Purpose: To Run Acrobat Adobe
Instruction: Ask for software and necessary materials from your instructor and implement the
following steps
Tools and Equipment: Acrobat adobe setup and Personal Computer/Lap top
Precautions:

 Connect the USB flash drive to your technician PC.

 Copy Acrobat Adobe Setup to the USB flash drive
 Use copy and paste the entire contents to the USB flash drive.
 check the USB have the Setup of Adobe Application

To Install a Program from the Internet

Step 1:-In your Web Browser, click the Link to the program.
Do one of the following:
 Click on the searched setup (Download)

When downloading and installing programs from the Internet, be sure you trust the publisher of the
program and the website that is offering the program.

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 Or
Download Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Image titled Install Adobe Acrobat Reader

Step 2
Download the Software by clicking on the Download Button.
Image titled Install Adobe Acrobat Reader
Go to the directory, where your downloaded Installation file has been kept, usually Desktop.
Image titled Install Adobe Acrobat Reader

Step 3
Double-Click the Installation File.

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 Image titled Install Adobe Acrobat Reader

Step 4
Let the Setup File install Adobe Acrobat Reader on your computer. Image titled Install Adobe
Acrobat Reader

Restart your computer. Image titled Install Adobe Acrobat Reader

Quality criteria :
 Checking every application integrated in Microsof Office 2016 Properly install.
 If the program you want to uninstall is not listed, it might not have been written for this
version of Windows.
 To uninstall the program, check the information that came with the program.

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