Q1) Answer the following

a) List down Principles of CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) principles vary among organizations but

generally include the following:

1. Ethical Behavior: Acting with integrity, honesty, and fairness in all business
activities.
2. Respect for Stakeholders: Considering the interests of all stakeholders,
including employees, customers, suppliers, communities, and the environment.
3. Transparency: Providing clear, accurate, and timely information about the
company's CSR activities and performance.
4. Sustainable Development: Balancing economic, social, and environmental
objectives to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
5. Accountability: Taking responsibility for the impacts of the company's
activities on society, the economy, and the environment.
6. Compliance: Adhering to all applicable laws, regulations, and international
standards related to CSR.
7. Voluntariness: Engaging in CSR activities voluntarily, beyond what is
required by law or regulation.
8. Continuous Improvement: Striving to improve CSR performance over time
through ongoing evaluation and refinement of policies and practices.

b) What do you mean by corporate Philanthropy

Corporate philanthropy refers to the act of corporations donating money, resources, or

time to charitable causes. It is a way for businesses to give back to society and support
organizations or initiatives that address social, environmental, or community needs.
Corporate philanthropy can take various forms, such as direct donations, grants,
sponsorships, or employee volunteer programs. This practice is often part of a
company's broader Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) efforts, demonstrating its
commitment to social and environmental sustainability beyond its core business
activities.

c) State the meaning of NGO.

NGO stands for Non-Governmental Organization. NGOs are typically non-profit,
voluntary citizens' groups organized at the local, national, or international level. They
are independent of government involvement, although they may receive funding from
governments or international organizations for specific projects. NGOs play a crucial
role in society by advocating for various social, environmental, or humanitarian
causes, providing services, and engaging in community development and awareness-
raising activities.

d) Triple bottom line approach

The triple bottom line (TBL) approach is a framework that considers three dimensions
of performance in measuring the impact of an organization's activities: social,
environmental, and financial. The term was coined by John Elkington in 1994 and is
also known as "people, planet, profit."

1. Social: This dimension evaluates the organization's impact on people,

including employees, customers, communities, and other stakeholders. It looks
at factors such as labor practices, human rights, community engagement, and
social equity.
2. Environmental: This dimension assesses the organization's impact on the
planet, including its environmental sustainability practices. It looks at factors
such as resource use, waste management, pollution, and ecological
conservation.
3. Financial: This dimension evaluates the organization's financial performance
and viability. It looks at traditional financial indicators such as revenue, profit,
and return on investment.

The TBL approach suggests that organizations should not only focus on financial
performance but also consider their social and environmental impacts. By taking a
broader view of performance, organizations can strive for sustainability and long-term
success while contributing to a more equitable and sustainable world.

e) Sustainable development and social framework - how is it corelated.

Sustainable development and social frameworks are closely correlated as they both
focus on improving the well-being of people and communities, both present and
future. Here's how they are related:

1. Shared Goals: Both sustainable development and social frameworks aim to

enhance quality of life, promote social equity, and ensure a healthy
environment for current and future generations.
2. Interconnectedness: Social frameworks recognize that social, economic, and
environmental issues are interconnected. Similarly, sustainable development
emphasizes the need to address social issues alongside economic and
environmental concerns to achieve long-term sustainability.
3. Inclusivity: Both frameworks emphasize the importance of inclusivity and
ensuring that the needs of all people, especially vulnerable or marginalized
groups, are met. This includes promoting social justice, equality, and human
rights.
 4. Long-term Perspective: Both frameworks take a long-term perspective,
emphasizing the importance of planning and decision-making that considers
the impacts on future generations.
5. Measuring Progress: Both frameworks advocate for measuring progress
beyond traditional economic indicators, such as GDP, to include social
indicators like quality of life, education, health, and environmental indicators
like air and water quality, biodiversity, and resource use.

Overall, sustainable development and social frameworks are closely intertwined, with
social considerations being a key component of sustainable development strategies.
Addressing social issues is seen as essential for achieving sustainable development
and creating a more equitable and sustainable world for all.

f) Global greenhouse emission means and implies_______________

Global greenhouse gas emissions refer to the total amount of greenhouse gases, such
as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), that are released
into the atmosphere as a result of human activities, such as burning fossil fuels,
deforestation, and industrial processes. These emissions are a major contributor to
climate change, as greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a
warming effect known as the greenhouse effect.

The implications of global greenhouse gas emissions are significant and far-reaching.
They contribute to various environmental, social, and economic challenges, including:

1. Climate Change: The primary implication of global greenhouse gas emissions

is climate change, leading to rising global temperatures, more frequent and
severe weather events, sea-level rise, and shifts in ecosystems and habitats.
2. Environmental Degradation: Greenhouse gas emissions contribute to
environmental degradation, including air and water pollution, acidification of
oceans, and loss of biodiversity, which can have negative impacts on
ecosystems and human health.
3. Resource Depletion: Many of the activities that produce greenhouse gas
emissions, such as fossil fuel extraction and agriculture, also contribute to the
depletion of natural resources, including water, soil, and forests.
4. Health Risks: Climate change and environmental degradation associated with
greenhouse gas emissions can have direct and indirect impacts on human
health, including respiratory illnesses, heat-related illnesses, and food and
water insecurity.
5. Economic Costs: The impacts of climate change and environmental
degradation can have significant economic costs, including damage to
infrastructure, loss of agricultural productivity, and increased healthcare costs.

Addressing global greenhouse gas emissions is therefore critical to mitigating the

impacts of climate change and promoting sustainable development. This requires a
concerted effort at the global, national, and local levels to reduce emissions, transition
to renewable energy sources, and promote sustainable practices in all sectors of the
economy.

g) What is an ESG report

An ESG report is a document that outlines a company's performance in relation to

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors. These reports are used to
communicate to stakeholders, including investors, employees, customers, and the
public, about the company's efforts and achievements in areas such as sustainability,
corporate social responsibility, and ethical business practices.

ESG factors are used as a framework for evaluating a company's impact and
sustainability practices:

1. Environmental: This category includes factors such as carbon emissions,

energy efficiency, waste management, and natural resource conservation.
2. Social: Social factors focus on how a company manages relationships with
employees, suppliers, customers, and communities. This includes diversity and
inclusion, labor practices, human rights, and community engagement.
3. Governance: Governance factors relate to how a company is governed,
including board composition, executive pay, shareholder rights, and
transparency in financial reporting.

ESG reports typically include data, metrics, and narratives that provide insights into
how the company is performing in these areas. They are increasingly important for
investors and other stakeholders who are interested in understanding not just the
financial performance of a company, but also its broader impact on society and the
environment.

h) State ethics in work life

Ethics in work life refers to the principles, values, and standards that guide the
behavior of individuals and organizations in the workplace. Ethical behavior in work
life is essential for maintaining trust, integrity, and respect among employees,
customers, shareholders, and the broader community. Some key aspects of ethics in
work life include:

1. Integrity: Acting honestly and truthfully in all professional interactions and

decisions, and fulfilling commitments and obligations.
2. Respect: Treating others with respect, fairness, and dignity, regardless of
differences such as race, gender, religion, or background.
3. Transparency: Being open and honest in communication and decision-making
processes, and disclosing relevant information to stakeholders.
 4. Accountability: Taking responsibility for one's actions and decisions, and
being willing to accept the consequences of those actions.
5. Confidentiality: Respecting and safeguarding confidential information and not
disclosing it without authorization.
6. Conflict of Interest: Avoiding situations where personal interests could
conflict with professional responsibilities, and disclosing any potential conflicts
of interest.
7. Compliance: Adhering to all laws, regulations, and organizational policies,
including those related to ethics and conduct.

Ethics in work life is not only about following rules and regulations but also about
making ethical choices in situations where there may not be a clear right or wrong
answer. By promoting ethical behavior, organizations can create a positive work
environment, build trust with stakeholders, and contribute to a more ethical society.

Q2) Answer any

a) how is 'Industries & Citizens' participation in sustainable development.
Industries and citizens play crucial roles in sustainable development through their
actions, behaviors, and contributions. Here's how each can contribute:

1. Industries:
• Environmental Impact: Industries can reduce their environmental
impact by adopting sustainable practices such as reducing greenhouse
gas emissions, minimizing waste, and conserving natural resources.
• Innovation: Industries can drive innovation in sustainable technologies
and practices, leading to more efficient and environmentally friendly
products and services.
• Community Engagement: Industries can engage with local
communities to understand their needs and concerns, and develop
initiatives that benefit both the community and the environment.
• Regulatory Compliance: Industries can comply with environmental
regulations and standards to ensure that their operations are sustainable
and environmentally responsible.
2. Citizens:
• Sustainable Consumption: Citizens can practice sustainable
consumption by choosing products and services that are environmentally
friendly and socially responsible.
• Waste Reduction: Citizens can reduce waste by recycling, reusing, and
minimizing the use of disposable products.
• Energy Conservation: Citizens can conserve energy by using energy-
efficient appliances, reducing energy consumption, and using renewable
energy sources.
• Advocacy: Citizens can advocate for sustainable practices and policies
at the local, national, and international levels, and hold governments and
industries accountable for their actions.
By working together, industries and citizens can contribute to sustainable
development by promoting economic growth, social equity, and environmental
protection.

b) Difference between Charity and Philanthropy.

Charity and philanthropy both involve giving to others, but there are key differences
in their approaches and motivations:

1. Nature of Giving:
• Charity: Charity often involves providing immediate relief or
assistance to those in need, such as food, shelter, or medical care. It
focuses on addressing the symptoms of social issues.
• Philanthropy: Philanthropy focuses on addressing the root causes of
social issues by investing in long-term solutions. It often involves
strategic planning, collaboration, and sustainable initiatives.
2. Scope and Scale:
• Charity: Charity tends to be more localized and immediate in its
impact, often providing direct assistance to individuals or communities
in need.
• Philanthropy: Philanthropy can have a broader scope and impact,
addressing systemic issues and supporting large-scale initiatives that
create lasting change.
3. Motivation:
• Charity: Charity is often driven by a sense of compassion and a desire
to alleviate suffering or address immediate needs.
• Philanthropy: Philanthropy is often driven by a desire to create lasting
change and improve society, sometimes motivated by a sense of social
responsibility or a desire to leave a legacy.
4. Approach:
• Charity: Charity tends to be more reactive, responding to immediate
needs as they arise.
• Philanthropy: Philanthropy tends to be more proactive, seeking to
address underlying causes and create sustainable solutions.
5. Sustainability:
• Charity: While charity provides important immediate relief, it may not
always address the underlying issues that lead to the need for assistance.
• Philanthropy: Philanthropy focuses on creating sustainable solutions
that address root causes and can have a lasting impact on society.

In summary, charity and philanthropy are both important forms of giving, but they
differ in their approaches, motivations, and impact. While charity provides immediate
relief and assistance, philanthropy seeks to address root causes and create lasting
change.
c) State Contemporary issues and hurdles in CSR.
Contemporary issues and hurdles in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) include:
1. Greenwashing: Some companies engage in greenwashing, which involves
overstating or exaggerating their environmental efforts to appear more
sustainable than they actually are.
2. Supply Chain Transparency: Ensuring transparency and ethical practices
throughout complex global supply chains remains a challenge for many
companies, particularly in industries such as fashion, electronics, and
agriculture.
3. Climate Change: Addressing climate change is a significant challenge for
CSR, requiring companies to reduce their carbon footprint, invest in renewable
energy, and adapt to changing environmental conditions.
4. Social Justice: Issues related to social justice, such as income inequality, racial
discrimination, and labor rights, are increasingly important in CSR, requiring
companies to address these issues in their operations and supply chains.
5. Data Privacy and Security: With the increasing use of technology in CSR
initiatives, companies must address concerns related to data privacy and
security to protect the information of their stakeholders.
6. Regulatory Compliance: Keeping up with evolving regulations and standards
related to CSR, both domestically and internationally, can be a hurdle for
companies, especially those operating in multiple jurisdictions.
7. Resource Constraints: Limited resources, such as funding and expertise, can
pose challenges for companies looking to implement comprehensive CSR
programs.
8. Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging with a diverse range of stakeholders,
including employees, customers, investors, and communities, to understand
their expectations and concerns can be complex and time-consuming.
9. Measurement and Reporting: Determining the appropriate metrics and
methods for measuring the impact of CSR initiatives and reporting this
information in a transparent and meaningful way can be challenging.
10. Changing Consumer Expectations: Consumers are increasingly demanding
that companies act responsibly and sustainably, which can pressure companies
to adapt their CSR strategies to meet these expectations.

Addressing these contemporary issues and hurdles in CSR requires a holistic approach
that involves collaboration, innovation, and a commitment to creating positive social
and environmental impact.

Q3)
a) Explain the structure and development board of corporate Governance in
India.
Corporate governance in India is overseen by various regulatory bodies and follows a
structured framework to ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness in the
management and operations of companies. The key elements of the structure and
development of corporate governance in India include:
 1. Regulatory Framework: The primary regulatory body for corporate
governance in India is the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), which
regulates companies through the Companies Act, 2013, and the rules and
regulations issued under it.
2. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI): SEBI plays a crucial role in
regulating corporate governance practices in listed companies. It has issued the
SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015,
which mandate certain corporate governance norms for listed companies.
3. Corporate Governance Code: India has adopted the National Voluntary
Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of
Business (NVGs) as a corporate governance code for companies to follow
voluntarily. These guidelines emphasize the role of businesses in sustainable
development.
4. Board of Directors: The board of directors is responsible for the governance
of the company and is required to act in the best interests of the company and
its stakeholders. The board is required to have a mix of executive and
independent directors, with independent directors playing a key role in
ensuring transparency and accountability.
5. Audit Committee: The Companies Act, 2013, mandates the formation of an
audit committee consisting of independent directors. The committee oversees
the financial reporting process, internal control systems, and audit functions of
the company.
6. Disclosure and Transparency: Companies are required to disclose certain
information to stakeholders, including financial statements, related-party
transactions, and corporate governance practices, to ensure transparency and
accountability.
7. Shareholder Rights: Shareholders in India have certain rights, including the
right to vote on key matters such as the appointment of directors and auditors,
and the right to receive dividends.
8. Enforcement: The regulatory bodies in India have the power to enforce
corporate governance norms through inspections, investigations, and penalties
for non-compliance.

The development of corporate governance in India has been influenced by global best
practices and is aimed at improving transparency, accountability, and investor
confidence in Indian companies.

b) Enlist the various legislation for CSR in India. What are activities under
schedule VII for the csr and its compliances with the recent developments.

In India, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities are primarily governed by

the Companies Act, 2013, along with the Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility
Policy) Rules, 2014. These regulations require certain categories of companies to
spend a portion of their profits on CSR activities and disclose details of such spending
in their annual reports.
The key legislation and regulations related to CSR in India include:

1. Companies Act, 2013: Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, mandates that
certain companies meeting specified criteria are required to spend at least 2%
of their average net profits of the preceding three years on CSR activities.
2. Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy) Rules, 2014: These
rules provide detailed guidelines on the implementation of CSR activities,
including the composition of the CSR committee, the areas of CSR activities,
reporting requirements, etc.
3. National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental, and Economic
Responsibilities of Business (NVGs): While not a legislation, these guidelines
provide a framework for companies to align their CSR activities with
sustainable development goals.
4. Income Tax Act, 1961: The Income Tax Act allows for tax benefits for
companies engaged in CSR activities. Contributions to certain funds and
organizations are eligible for tax deductions.

Under Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013, the following activities are
considered as CSR activities:

1. Eradicating hunger, poverty, and malnutrition

2. Promoting education
3. Promoting gender equality and empowering women
4. Ensuring environmental sustainability
5. Protection of national heritage, art, and culture
6. Measures for the benefit of armed forces veterans, war widows, and their
dependents
7. Promoting healthcare, including preventive healthcare and sanitation
8. Disaster management, including relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction
activities

Recent developments in CSR compliance in India include increased scrutiny and

reporting requirements for CSR activities, with the government and regulatory bodies
focusing on ensuring that companies fulfill their CSR obligations effectively.
Companies are also encouraged to align their CSR activities with the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to maximize their impact and contribute to
sustainable development.

Q4)
a) What are various 17-Point charter under United Nations agenda for global
peace and sustainable development-2030. How it is important & helpful for
India's long-term growth and development.

The United Nations agenda for global peace and sustainable development is outlined
in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) and a 17-Point Charter. The 17-Point Charter outlines the
principles and commitments that underpin the SDGs. These include:

1. People: Ensuring that all human beings can fulfill their potential in dignity and
equality and in a healthy environment.
2. Planet: Protecting the planet from degradation, including through sustainable
consumption and production, sustainably managing its natural resources, and
taking urgent action on climate change.
3. Prosperity: Ensuring that all people can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives
and that economic, social, and technological progress occurs in harmony with
nature.
4. Peace: Fostering peaceful, just, and inclusive societies that are free from fear
and violence.
5. Partnership: Mobilizing the means required to implement the agenda through
a revitalized Global Partnership for Sustainable Development.

The 17-Point Charter is important for India's long-term growth and development for
several reasons:

1. Guiding Principles: The Charter provides a set of guiding principles that can
help India align its policies and strategies with global best practices for
sustainable development.
2. Global Recognition: By committing to the 17-Point Charter and the SDGs,
India demonstrates its commitment to global cooperation and sustainable
development, which can enhance its standing on the world stage.
3. Focus Areas: The Charter's focus areas, such as poverty eradication, gender
equality, clean energy, and sustainable cities, align with India's development
priorities and can provide a framework for targeted action.
4. Partnerships: The emphasis on partnership in the Charter can help India
leverage international cooperation and resources to accelerate its progress
towards sustainable development goals.
5. Long-Term Vision: The Charter's emphasis on long-term sustainability and
inclusive growth aligns with India's vision for long-term growth and
development.

Overall, the 17-Point Charter under the United Nations agenda for global peace and
sustainable development provides a comprehensive framework that can guide India's
efforts towards achieving sustainable development, addressing key challenges, and
fostering a more equitable and sustainable future for all.
b) Sustainable Development is need of hour. Explain with an example of Bhutan
Case for Inclusive Growth on Environment protection and Reducing carbon
footprints.
Sustainable development is indeed the need of the hour, as it aims to meet the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs. Bhutan is a notable example of a country that has embraced sustainable
development principles, particularly in the areas of environmental protection and
reducing carbon footprints, while also focusing on inclusive growth.

Bhutan's Case for Inclusive Growth:

1. Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index: Bhutan famously prioritizes the

happiness and well-being of its citizens over GDP growth. The GNH index
measures holistic development, including sustainable economic growth,
environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and good governance.
2. Environmental Protection: Bhutan has a strong commitment to
environmental conservation. The country is carbon negative, meaning it
absorbs more carbon dioxide than it emits. This is primarily due to its extensive
forest cover, which acts as a carbon sink.
3. Hydropower: Bhutan generates most of its electricity from hydropower, which
is a clean and renewable energy source. This has not only reduced the country's
reliance on fossil fuels but has also allowed Bhutan to export surplus
electricity, contributing to economic growth.
4. Carbon Offsetting: Bhutan has initiated programs to offset its carbon
footprint. For example, the country has pledged to remain carbon neutral under
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
5. Community-Based Conservation: Bhutan's approach to conservation
involves local communities in decision-making processes, ensuring that their
needs and perspectives are taken into account. This approach promotes
inclusivity and empowers communities to protect their natural resources.
6. Education and Awareness: Bhutan places a strong emphasis on education and
awareness-raising regarding environmental issues. This includes incorporating
environmental education into the curriculum and organizing campaigns and
events to promote sustainable practices.

By focusing on inclusive growth, environmental protection, and reducing carbon

footprints, Bhutan has demonstrated a holistic approach to sustainable development
that prioritizes the well-being of its people and the environment.

Q5)
a) State dimension of sustainable Development. Explain Social Factors or
Parameters Which Help in inclusive growth of an economy and society.

Sustainable development has three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental.

These dimensions are interconnected and mutually reinforcing, and they form the
basis of a holistic approach to development that seeks to balance economic growth
with social inclusion and environmental protection.

Social Factors for Inclusive Growth:

1. Education: Access to quality education is crucial for inclusive growth as it

empowers individuals with knowledge and skills, enabling them to participate
fully in the economy and society. Education also helps reduce inequalities by
providing equal opportunities for all.
2. Healthcare: Access to affordable and quality healthcare is essential for
inclusive growth. Healthy individuals are more productive and can contribute
more effectively to the economy. Healthcare also helps reduce poverty by
preventing catastrophic health expenses.
3. Gender Equality: Ensuring gender equality is critical for inclusive growth.
Women make up a significant portion of the workforce and their full
participation is essential for economic development. Gender equality also
contributes to social cohesion and stability.
4. Social Protection: Social protection programs, such as pensions,
unemployment benefits, and social assistance, help reduce poverty and
inequality by providing a safety net for vulnerable populations. These programs
also promote social inclusion and cohesion.
5. Infrastructure: Access to basic infrastructure, such as roads, electricity, and
water supply, is essential for inclusive growth. Infrastructure development
creates jobs, improves productivity, and enhances the quality of life for all
citizens.
6. Inclusive Institutions: Inclusive institutions that promote democracy, rule of
law, and good governance are essential for inclusive growth. These institutions
ensure that all citizens have equal rights and opportunities to participate in the
economy and society.
7. Cultural and Social Capital: Cultural and social capital, including trust,
social networks, and shared values, are important for inclusive growth. These
factors promote social cohesion and cooperation, which are essential for
sustainable development.
8. Access to Finance: Access to finance, including credit, savings, and insurance,
is essential for inclusive growth. Financial inclusion enables individuals and
businesses to invest, grow, and participate more effectively in the economy.

Inclusive growth requires a comprehensive approach that addresses social factors,

along with economic and environmental factors, to ensure that development benefits
all segments of society.
b) Indian Values and Ethics are considered to be one of best in world. Explain
with few illustrations as to its applicability in Airline and food industry.
Indian values and ethics are deeply rooted in the country's cultural and spiritual
heritage, emphasizing principles such as respect for elders, hospitality, honesty, and
compassion. These values can be applied in various industries, including the airline
and food industries, to enhance customer experience and promote ethical practices.
Here are a few illustrations:

Airline Industry:

1. Hospitality: Indian values of hospitality can be applied in the airline industry

by ensuring that passengers are treated with respect, warmth, and care. This can
include providing assistance to elderly passengers, offering a welcoming
environment, and going above and beyond to meet the needs of passengers.
2. Honesty and Integrity: Indian values emphasize honesty and integrity, which
can be reflected in the airline industry by ensuring transparent pricing, clear
communication with passengers, and ethical behavior in all dealings with
customers and stakeholders.
3. Compassion: Compassion is a key value in Indian culture, and airlines can
demonstrate this by showing empathy towards passengers in difficult
situations, such as flight delays or cancellations. Providing assistance and
support in such situations can greatly enhance the customer experience.
4. Respect for Diversity: India is known for its diverse culture, and this value
can be applied in the airline industry by respecting the diverse backgrounds,
cultures, and beliefs of passengers. This can include offering diverse food
options, respecting religious practices, and ensuring that all passengers feel
welcome and valued.

Food Industry:

1. Quality and Purity: Indian values emphasize the importance of food quality
and purity. In the food industry, this can be applied by using fresh, high-quality
ingredients, maintaining cleanliness and hygiene standards, and ensuring that
food is prepared and served with care and attention to detail.
2. Hospitality: Hospitality is a core value in Indian culture, and this can be
reflected in the food industry by providing a warm and welcoming environment
for customers. This can include friendly and attentive service, making
customers feel valued and appreciated.
3. Respect for Nature: Indian values emphasize the importance of respecting
nature and the environment. In the food industry, this can be applied by
promoting sustainable practices, such as using organic ingredients, minimizing
waste, and supporting local farmers and producers.
4. Community and Sharing: Indian culture values community and sharing, and
this can be reflected in the food industry by offering communal dining
experiences, promoting sharing of food and meals, and creating a sense of
togetherness and camaraderie among customers.
By incorporating these values and ethics into their operations, companies in the airline
and food industries can enhance customer satisfaction, build trust and loyalty, and
contribute to a more ethical and sustainable business environment.

Q1) Solve any 5 out of 8

a) Define Carbon Credit
Carbon credits are a key component of international emissions trading schemes aimed
at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A carbon credit represents the right to emit one
tonne of carbon dioxide or an equivalent amount of another greenhouse gas. These
credits are issued by governments or international bodies to companies or
organizations that have reduced their emissions below a certain baseline. Carbon
credits can be traded on the carbon market, allowing companies to buy and sell credits
to meet their emissions reduction targets. The goal of carbon credits is to provide a
financial incentive for companies to reduce their emissions and contribute to global
efforts to combat climate change.

b) What does the term Business Ethics mean?

Business ethics refers to the moral principles and values that guide the behavior of
individuals and organizations in the business world. It involves applying ethical
principles to various aspects of business conduct, including interactions with
employees, customers, suppliers, and the community. Business ethics includes
concepts such as honesty, integrity, fairness, and respect for others. It also involves
being accountable for one's actions and considering the impact of business decisions
on stakeholders and society as a whole. The goal of business ethics is to promote
ethical behavior in business practices and to build trust and credibility with
stakeholders.

c) Define the term Corporate Citizenship.

Corporate citizenship, also known as corporate social responsibility (CSR), refers to
the responsibility of corporations to contribute to the well-being of society and the
environment in addition to pursuing profits. Corporate citizenship involves businesses
behaving ethically and responsibly towards not just their shareholders, but also
towards other stakeholders such as employees, customers, suppliers, and the
community. This concept emphasizes that corporations have a duty to contribute
positively to society through philanthropic activities, environmental sustainability,
ethical labor practices, and community development initiatives. By being good
corporate citizens, companies can enhance their reputation, build trust with
stakeholders, and contribute to sustainable development.
d) Which are the three principles of CSR?
The three principles of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are often summarized
as the "Triple Bottom Line" approach. These principles are:

1. People: This principle focuses on the social aspect of CSR, emphasizing the
importance of businesses considering the impact of their actions on people,
including employees, customers, communities, and society at large. It involves
promoting social equity, diversity, human rights, and community development.
2. Planet: This principle relates to the environmental aspect of CSR, emphasizing
the importance of businesses minimizing their negative impact on the
environment and promoting sustainability. It involves reducing carbon
emissions, conserving natural resources, and supporting environmental
conservation efforts.
3. Profit: While the other two principles focus on the social and environmental
aspects, the profit principle recognizes that a business must be financially
viable to be sustainable in the long term. However, this principle also
emphasizes the importance of businesses generating profits in a responsible and
ethical manner, taking into account the interests of all stakeholders.

e) List out the three dimensions of sustainable development.

The three dimensions of sustainable development are:

1. Economic Dimension: This dimension focuses on ensuring that economic

growth is inclusive, sustainable, and promotes the well-being of all people. It
involves promoting economic development that creates jobs, reduces poverty,
and enhances the quality of life for everyone, while also ensuring that natural
resources are managed responsibly and efficiently.
2. Social Dimension: The social dimension of sustainable development focuses
on promoting social equity, inclusion, and justice. It involves ensuring that all
people have access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and social
protection, and that their rights are protected. It also involves promoting gender
equality, empowering marginalized groups, and fostering social cohesion and
inclusiveness.
3. Environmental Dimension: This dimension focuses on ensuring that
environmental resources are managed sustainably and that ecosystems are
protected and preserved for future generations. It involves promoting
renewable energy, reducing pollution and waste, conserving biodiversity, and
combating climate change.
f) Match the following : i) Charity 1) Supporting medical research team in
finding cure for Covid-19 virus ii) Philanthropy 2) Providing food and shelter to
the poorest that have lost livelihoods because of Covid-19 Virus 3) Paying bonus
to the employees during Covid-19
i) Charity - 2) Providing food and shelter to the poorest that have lost livelihoods
because of Covid-19 Virus

ii) Philanthropy - 1) Supporting medical research team in finding cure for Covid-19
virus

g) The Environmental, Economic and Social dimensions of sustainable

development are correlated with 3Ps. They are –, – and –.
The Environmental, Economic, and Social dimensions of sustainable development are
correlated with the 3Ps: Planet, Profit, and People.

h) Define Corporate Governance.

Corporate governance refers to the system of rules, practices, and processes by which
a company is directed and controlled. It involves balancing the interests of a
company's many stakeholders, such as shareholders, management, customers,
suppliers, financiers, government, and the community. The key aspects of corporate
governance include transparency, accountability, fairness, and responsibility in
decision-making and management practices. The goal of corporate governance is to
ensure that companies operate in an ethical and responsible manner, while also
meeting the needs and interests of their stakeholders.

Q2) Solve any 2 out of 3

a) Describe the scope of CSR activities under Schedule VII of Companies Act
2013.
Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013, outlines the activities that qualify as
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities for companies. The scope of CSR
activities under Schedule VII is broad and includes the following:

1. Eradicating Hunger, Poverty, and Malnutrition: Companies can undertake

activities such as providing food, nutrition, and livelihood support to
marginalized communities to help eradicate hunger, poverty, and malnutrition.
2. Promoting Education: Companies can support education by building schools,
providing scholarships, or implementing programs to improve the quality of
education in underserved areas.
 3. Promoting Gender Equality and Empowering Women: Activities that
promote gender equality, such as providing vocational training and
employment opportunities for women, are eligible CSR activities.
4. Ensuring Environmental Sustainability: Companies can undertake initiatives
to promote environmental sustainability, such as tree plantation drives, waste
management programs, and promoting renewable energy.
5. Protection of National Heritage, Art, and Culture: Supporting initiatives
that protect and promote national heritage, art, and culture, such as restoring
historical monuments or supporting traditional arts and crafts, qualify as CSR
activities.
6. Measures for the Benefit of Armed Forces Veterans, War Widows, and
their Dependents: Companies can support the welfare of armed forces
veterans, war widows, and their dependents through various initiatives, such as
providing healthcare or financial assistance.
7. Promoting Healthcare, including Preventive Healthcare and Sanitation:
Activities that promote healthcare, such as building healthcare facilities,
providing healthcare services, or promoting sanitation and hygiene, are eligible
CSR activities.
8. Disaster Management, including Relief, Rehabilitation, and
Reconstruction Activities: Companies can contribute to disaster management
efforts, including providing relief materials, supporting rehabilitation programs,
and participating in reconstruction activities after disasters.

These are some of the key areas covered under Schedule VII of the Companies Act,
2013, for CSR activities. Companies are encouraged to align their CSR activities with
the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to maximize their impact and contribute
to sustainable development.

b) Narrate the role of Stakeholders and the importance of Stakeholder

engagement in sustainable development.
Stakeholders are individuals or groups who have an interest in the activities and
outcomes of a company or organization. They can include shareholders, employees,
customers, suppliers, government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs),
and the local community, among others. Stakeholder engagement refers to the process
of involving stakeholders in decision-making and seeking their input and feedback on
issues that affect them.

Stakeholders play a crucial role in sustainable development for several reasons:

1. Diverse Perspectives: Stakeholders bring diverse perspectives, knowledge,

and expertise to the table, which can help identify risks and opportunities
related to sustainability.
 2. Accountability: Engaging stakeholders helps hold companies accountable for
their actions and decisions, ensuring that they consider the interests of all
stakeholders, not just shareholders.
3. Innovation: Stakeholder engagement can stimulate innovation by fostering
collaboration and co-creation of solutions to sustainability challenges.
4. Risk Management: Engaging stakeholders can help companies identify and
mitigate risks related to sustainability, such as reputational risks or risks related
to environmental or social issues.
5. Enhanced Reputation: Effective stakeholder engagement can enhance a
company's reputation by demonstrating its commitment to sustainability and
responsible business practices.
6. Long-Term Success: Engaging stakeholders in sustainable development
efforts can contribute to the long-term success and viability of a company by
building trust and relationships with key stakeholders.

Overall, stakeholder engagement is essential for sustainable development as it helps

companies identify and address environmental, social, and governance issues, while
also fostering collaboration and innovation. By engaging with stakeholders,
companies can ensure that their decisions and actions contribute to the well-being of
society and the environment, as well as to their own long-term success.

c) Describe Triple Bottom Line and Summarise the significance of TBL Reports.
The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is a concept that suggests that businesses should not
only focus on financial profits (the "bottom line") but also consider their impact on
social, environmental, and economic factors. The TBL framework was first proposed
by John Elkington in 1994 and has since become a widely accepted approach to
sustainable business practices.

The three dimensions of the TBL are:

1. People (Social): This dimension focuses on the impact of a business on people,

both within the organization (employees) and outside (communities, customers,
etc.). It includes aspects such as fair labor practices, community development,
and human rights.
2. Planet (Environmental): This dimension focuses on the impact of a business
on the environment, including its use of natural resources, energy efficiency,
waste management, and carbon footprint.
3. Profit (Economic): This dimension focuses on the financial performance of a
business, including its profitability, return on investment, and economic value
added.

The significance of TBL reports lies in their ability to provide a comprehensive view
of a company's performance, taking into account not just financial factors but also
social and environmental factors. TBL reports can help businesses:
 • Assess their impact on society and the environment
• Identify areas where they can improve their sustainability practices
• Communicate their sustainability efforts to stakeholders
• Build trust and credibility with customers, investors, and the public
• Align their business strategies with sustainable development goals

Overall, TBL reports play a crucial role in promoting sustainable business practices
and ensuring that businesses are accountable for their impact on people, the planet,
and profits.

Q3) Solve
a) Use various examples to explain and differentiate between Charity and
Philanthropy done by various Corporates.
Charity and philanthropy are both forms of giving, but they differ in their scope,
approach, and impact. Here are some examples to illustrate the differences:

1. Scope:
• Charity: Charity often involves direct assistance to individuals or
communities in need. For example, a company may donate food and
clothing to a homeless shelter or provide disaster relief aid to a
community affected by a natural disaster.
• Philanthropy: Philanthropy focuses on addressing the root causes of
social issues and creating long-term, sustainable solutions. For example,
a company may fund educational programs to empower disadvantaged
communities or invest in renewable energy projects to combat climate
change.
2. Approach:
• Charity: Charity tends to be more immediate and reactive, providing
relief and support in times of crisis or need.
• Philanthropy: Philanthropy takes a more strategic and long-term
approach, seeking to create lasting change and improve the overall well-
being of society.
3. Impact:
• Charity: While charity provides important immediate relief and
support, its impact may be temporary and may not address the
underlying causes of social issues.
• Philanthropy: Philanthropy aims to create lasting change by addressing
the root causes of social issues and promoting sustainable development.
Its impact is often more profound and far-reaching.

Examples:
 • Charity: A company donating money to provide meals for homeless people
during the holiday season.
• Philanthropy: A company investing in education programs in underprivileged
communities to help break the cycle of poverty.

Both charity and philanthropy play important roles in addressing social issues and
improving the well-being of communities. While charity provides immediate relief
and support, philanthropy seeks to create long-term, sustainable solutions to social
problems.

b) Demonstrate how managing the downside and upside would help an

organization to reduce its socio environmental costs and risks.
Managing the downside and upside refers to a strategic approach that helps
organizations mitigate socio-environmental costs and risks while maximizing
opportunities for positive impact. Here's how it works:

1. Managing the Downside (Risk Management):

• Identifying Risks: Organizations need to identify and assess potential
socio-environmental risks, such as regulatory changes, natural disasters,
or supply chain disruptions.
• Mitigation Strategies: Once risks are identified, organizations can
develop and implement mitigation strategies to minimize their impact.
This may include implementing robust environmental management
systems, diversifying supply chains, or investing in insurance against
environmental risks.
• Contingency Planning: Organizations should also develop contingency
plans to respond effectively in case of an environmental or social crisis.
This may involve having emergency response teams, communication
plans, and backup systems in place.
2. Managing the Upside (Opportunity Management):
• Identifying Opportunities: Organizations should also proactively
identify opportunities to create positive socio-environmental impacts.
This may include investing in renewable energy, reducing waste, or
promoting diversity and inclusion in the workforce.
• Strategic Partnerships: Collaboration with stakeholders, including
government agencies, NGOs, and local communities, can help
organizations identify and capitalize on opportunities for positive
impact.
• Innovation and Sustainability: Embracing innovation and
sustainability can lead to cost savings, improved efficiency, and
enhanced reputation, all of which contribute to long-term success.

By managing both the downside (risks) and upside (opportunities) of socio-

environmental issues, organizations can reduce costs, minimize risks, and create value
for all stakeholders. This approach not only helps organizations become more resilient
and sustainable but also contributes to the well-being of society and the environment.

Q4) Solve
a) Categorize the 17 Sustainable Development Goals on the basis of 3Ps of Triple
Bottom line and explain with several examples.
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be categorized based on the 3Ps
of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach: Planet, People, and Profit. Here's how the
SDGs align with each of these categories, along with examples for each:

1. Planet (Environmental Dimension):

• Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable

management of water and sanitation for all.
• Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: Ensure access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable, and modern energy for all.
• Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production: Ensure sustainable
consumption and production patterns.

2. People (Social Dimension):

• Goal 1: No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

• Goal 2: Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food security and improved
nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.
• Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote
well-being for all at all ages.

3. Profit (Economic Dimension):

• Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive,

and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent
work for all.
• Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: Build resilient
infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster
innovation.
• Goal 10: Reduced Inequality: Reduce inequality within and among countries.

Examples:
 • Planet: A company investing in renewable energy sources to reduce carbon
emissions (aligned with Goal 7).
• People: A company providing access to affordable healthcare for its employees
(aligned with Goal 3).
• Profit: A company implementing fair labor practices and ensuring decent work
conditions for its workers (aligned with Goal 8).

By aligning their activities with the SDGs, businesses can contribute to sustainable
development while also enhancing their own sustainability and resilience.
b) Analyse the Gandhian Thought on Sustainable development and narrate its
importance and relevance in the contemporary business scenario with
appropriate examples.
Gandhian thought on sustainable development is deeply rooted in the principles of
simplicity, self-sufficiency, and respect for nature. Mahatma Gandhi believed in the
importance of living in harmony with nature and emphasized the need for sustainable
practices to ensure the well-being of future generations. His ideas are highly relevant
in the contemporary business scenario, where there is increasing recognition of the
importance of sustainability and ethical practices.

Importance and Relevance in Contemporary Business:

1. Simplicity and Sustainability: Gandhi's emphasis on simplicity aligns with

the modern concept of sustainable consumption and production. Businesses can
adopt sustainable practices by reducing waste, conserving resources, and
minimizing their environmental impact.
2. Self-Sufficiency and Localism: Gandhi promoted self-sufficiency and the use
of local resources, which can be applied in the business context through
localization of supply chains, supporting local communities, and reducing
dependence on external resources.
3. Ethical Business Practices: Gandhi's principles of truth and non-violence can
guide businesses towards ethical practices, including fair treatment of workers,
transparency in operations, and ethical sourcing of materials.
4. Community Engagement: Gandhi emphasized the importance of community
and social responsibility. Businesses can engage with communities through
CSR initiatives, supporting local development projects, and empowering
marginalized groups.
5. Environmental Stewardship: Gandhi's respect for nature and emphasis on
living in harmony with the environment can inspire businesses to adopt
sustainable practices, reduce pollution, and protect natural resources.

Examples:

• Local Sourcing: A company adopting Gandhi's principle of localism by

sourcing materials from local suppliers, thereby reducing its carbon footprint
and supporting local economies.
 • Employee Welfare: A company implementing Gandhian principles of truth
and non-violence by ensuring fair wages, safe working conditions, and ethical
treatment of employees.
• Environmental Conservation: A company following Gandhi's principle of
living in harmony with nature by implementing sustainable practices such as
rainwater harvesting, waste recycling, and energy conservation.

In conclusion, Gandhian thought on sustainable development offers valuable insights

for businesses seeking to operate in a sustainable and ethical manner. By embracing
these principles, businesses can contribute to a more sustainable and equitable world.

Q5) Solve
a) Appraise Indian Values and Ethics from the point of view of various CSR
activities that can be undertaken by corporate houses.

Indian values and ethics are deeply rooted in the country's culture and traditions,
emphasizing principles such as compassion, empathy, respect, and community
welfare. These values can serve as a guiding framework for corporate social
responsibility (CSR) activities undertaken by corporate houses. Here's how Indian
values and ethics can be reflected in various CSR activities:

1. Compassion and Empathy: Indian values emphasize the importance of

compassion and empathy towards others. Corporate houses can demonstrate
these values through CSR activities such as providing relief to victims of
natural disasters, supporting healthcare initiatives for the underprivileged, and
offering financial assistance to those in need.
2. Respect for Diversity: India is known for its diverse culture and traditions.
Corporate houses can promote respect for diversity through CSR activities that
celebrate and preserve cultural heritage, support local artisans and craftsmen,
and promote cultural exchanges and understanding.
3. Environmental Stewardship: Indian values emphasize the importance of
living in harmony with nature. Corporate houses can demonstrate this value
through CSR activities that focus on environmental conservation, such as tree
plantation drives, waste management programs, and promoting renewable
energy sources.
4. Education and Knowledge Sharing: Indian values emphasize the importance
of education and knowledge sharing. Corporate houses can contribute to
education through CSR activities such as building schools, providing
scholarships, and supporting vocational training programs.
5. Community Welfare: Indian values stress the importance of community
welfare. Corporate houses can contribute to community welfare through CSR
activities that focus on improving infrastructure, providing access to clean
water and sanitation facilities, and supporting community development
initiatives.
 6. Ethical Business Practices: Indian values emphasize honesty, integrity, and
ethical conduct in all aspects of life. Corporate houses can demonstrate these
values through CSR activities by ensuring fair labor practices, ethical sourcing
of materials, and transparency in business operations.

Overall, Indian values and ethics provide a strong foundation for CSR activities
undertaken by corporate houses. By aligning their CSR initiatives with these values,
corporate houses can not only make a positive impact on society but also enhance
their reputation and credibility as responsible corporate citizens.

b) Evaluate Measures taken by Sweden and Denmark in achieving the UN

Sustainable development goals.
Sweden and Denmark are known for their strong commitment to sustainability and
have taken several measures to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs). Here are some key measures taken by each country:

Sweden:

1. Renewable Energy: Sweden has made significant investments in renewable

energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower. The country aims to
become carbon neutral by 2045.
2. Circular Economy: Sweden has implemented policies to promote a circular
economy, including waste recycling and resource efficiency measures.
3. Education and Gender Equality: Sweden has a strong focus on education
and gender equality, which are key components of several SDGs. The country
has policies in place to promote equal access to education and employment for
all.
4. Innovation and Technology: Sweden is known for its innovation and
technology-driven economy. The country has invested in research and
development to drive sustainable solutions in various sectors.
5. Global Partnerships: Sweden actively participates in global partnerships and
initiatives to address global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and
inequality.

Denmark:

1. Renewable Energy: Denmark is a global leader in renewable energy,

particularly wind power. The country aims to be fossil fuel-free by 2050.
2. Energy Efficiency: Denmark has implemented strict energy efficiency
standards for buildings and appliances, leading to significant reductions in
energy consumption.
3. Sustainable Transport: Denmark has a strong focus on sustainable transport,
including cycling infrastructure and public transportation. The country aims to
promote green mobility and reduce emissions from transportation.
 4. Green Economy: Denmark has a thriving green economy, with a focus on
sustainable agriculture, green technology, and eco-friendly manufacturing
practices.
5. Climate Action: Denmark is committed to climate action and has set
ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The country is also
actively involved in international efforts to address climate change.

Overall, Sweden and Denmark have taken comprehensive measures across various
sectors to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Their efforts serve as
examples of best practices for other countries looking to pursue sustainable
development

Q1) Answer the following.

a) List down Principles of CSR

The principles of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can vary slightly depending
on the source, but they generally include the following:

1. Accountability: Companies should be accountable for the impact of their

actions on society, the environment, and stakeholders, and should be
transparent in their operations.
2. Transparency: Companies should be transparent in their communications and
operations, providing accurate and timely information about their CSR
activities.
3. Ethical Behavior: Companies should conduct their business in an ethical
manner, adhering to high standards of integrity and fairness.
4. Respect for Stakeholders: Companies should respect the interests of all
stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, and the community.
5. Sustainable Development: Companies should contribute to sustainable
development by considering the social, environmental, and economic impacts
of their activities.
6. Compliance with Legal Requirements: Companies should comply with
applicable laws and regulations, including those related to CSR.
7. Commitment to Quality: Companies should strive for excellence in all
aspects of their operations, including product quality, customer service, and
environmental performance.
8. Community Engagement: Companies should engage with the communities in
which they operate, listening to their concerns and contributing to their
development.
9. Environmental Stewardship: Companies should minimize their
environmental impact and promote environmental sustainability in their
operations.
 10. Employee Well-being: Companies should ensure the well-being of their
employees, providing a safe and healthy work environment and opportunities
for personal and professional development.

These principles serve as a framework for companies to integrate social and

environmental considerations into their business operations and decision-making
processes.

b) What do you mean by Corporate Philanthropy.

Corporate philanthropy refers to the charitable donations and contributions that a
company makes to support social, environmental, and community causes. Corporate
philanthropy is often part of a company's broader corporate social responsibility
(CSR) efforts and is intended to benefit society beyond the company's core business
activities.

Corporate philanthropy can take various forms, including financial donations, in-kind
donations (such as products or services), volunteering, and sponsorship of charitable
events or initiatives. The goals of corporate philanthropy can vary but often include
improving the quality of life in communities where the company operates, supporting
education and healthcare initiatives, promoting environmental sustainability, and
addressing social issues such as poverty and inequality.

Corporate philanthropy can have several benefits for companies, including enhancing
their reputation, building goodwill with customers and employees, and contributing to
employee morale and engagement. By engaging in corporate philanthropy, companies
can demonstrate their commitment to social responsibility and make a positive impact
on the world around them.

c) State the meaning of NGO.

NGO stands for Non-Governmental Organization. NGOs are typically non-profit
organizations that operate independently of government control and are often driven
by a particular social, political, or environmental goal. NGOs can vary in size and
scope, ranging from small grassroots organizations to large international NGOs with
operations in multiple countries.

NGOs play a crucial role in addressing social, economic, and environmental issues
around the world. They often work in areas such as humanitarian aid, human rights,
environmental conservation, education, and healthcare. NGOs are known for their
flexibility, innovation, and ability to work closely with communities to address local
needs.

NGOs are funded through a variety of sources, including donations from individuals
and organizations, grants from governments and international organizations, and
income-generating activities. They are governed by boards of directors or trustees and
are accountable to their stakeholders, including donors, beneficiaries, and the public.

d) Triple Bottom Line Approach.

The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach is a framework that suggests that businesses
should not only focus on financial profits (the "bottom line") but also consider their
impact on social, environmental, and economic factors. The TBL approach was first
proposed by John Elkington in 1994 as a way to measure a company's performance in
terms of its impact on people, planet, and profit.

The three dimensions of the TBL are often referred to as the "3Ps":

1. People: This dimension focuses on the social impact of a business, including

its relationships with employees, customers, suppliers, and the community. It
involves considerations such as fair labor practices, diversity and inclusion, and
community engagement.
2. Planet: This dimension focuses on the environmental impact of a business,
including its use of natural resources, energy efficiency, waste management,
and carbon footprint. It involves considerations such as environmental
conservation, pollution prevention, and sustainable practices.
3. Profit: This dimension focuses on the economic impact of a business,
including its financial performance, profitability, and economic value creation.
It involves considerations such as financial stability, long-term growth, and
shareholder value.

The TBL approach encourages businesses to take a broader view of their impact and
to consider the long-term implications of their actions. By incorporating social and
environmental considerations into their decision-making processes, businesses can
create value not only for their shareholders but also for society and the environment.

e) Sustainable Development and social framework - how is it corelated.

Sustainable development and social frameworks are closely correlated as they both
aim to improve the well-being and quality of life for current and future generations.
Sustainable development emphasizes the need to balance economic, environmental,
and social considerations to ensure that development meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The social framework within sustainable development refers to the social aspects of
development, including issues such as poverty, inequality, education, healthcare, and
social inclusion. These social factors are critical components of sustainable
development as they influence and are influenced by economic and environmental
factors.

The correlation between sustainable development and social frameworks can be seen
in several ways:

1. Poverty Alleviation: Sustainable development aims to eradicate poverty in all

its forms. This includes not only increasing income levels but also improving
access to education, healthcare, and other basic services that are essential for a
decent standard of living.
2. Social Inclusion: Sustainable development seeks to promote social inclusion
and reduce inequalities within and among countries. This involves ensuring
that all individuals and groups, regardless of gender, age, disability, race,
ethnicity, origin, religion, or economic or other status, have equal opportunities
and access to resources.
3. Health and Well-being: Sustainable development recognizes the importance
of promoting health and well-being for all ages. This includes ensuring access
to healthcare services, safe drinking water, sanitation, and nutrition, as well as
addressing environmental and occupational health risks.
4. Education: Sustainable development emphasizes the importance of education
in achieving sustainable development goals. Education not only improves
individual livelihoods but also contributes to economic growth, social
development, and environmental sustainability.
5. Community Engagement: Sustainable development encourages active
participation and engagement of communities in decision-making processes
that affect their lives. This helps ensure that development initiatives are
culturally appropriate, socially acceptable, and sustainable in the long term.

Overall, the correlation between sustainable development and social frameworks

highlights the interconnectedness of economic, environmental, and social factors in
achieving sustainable development goals. By addressing social issues within a
sustainable development framework, countries can work towards a more equitable,
inclusive, and sustainable future for all.

f) Global Green House Emissions means and implies ______

Global greenhouse gas emissions refer to the total amount of greenhouse gases, such
as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), that are released
into the atmosphere as a result of human activities. These emissions are primarily
generated from the burning of fossil fuels for energy, deforestation, agriculture, and
industrial processes.

The implications of global greenhouse gas emissions are significant and far-reaching:
 1. Climate Change: The primary implication of greenhouse gas emissions is
climate change. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading
to a warming effect known as global warming. This warming is causing
changes in weather patterns, rising sea levels, and other climate-related
impacts.
2. Environmental Degradation: Greenhouse gas emissions can contribute to
environmental degradation, including deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and
pollution. These environmental changes can have negative impacts on
ecosystems and wildlife.
3. Health Impacts: Some greenhouse gases, such as particulate matter and
ozone, can have direct health impacts on humans, including respiratory
problems and other health issues.
4. Economic Consequences: Climate change and environmental degradation can
have significant economic consequences, including damage to infrastructure,
loss of agricultural productivity, and increased healthcare costs.
5. Social Disruption: Climate change can lead to social disruption, including
displacement of communities due to sea-level rise, increased frequency of
extreme weather events, and conflicts over scarce resources.

Addressing global greenhouse gas emissions is critical to mitigating these impacts and
ensuring a sustainable future. This requires transitioning to low-carbon energy
sources, improving energy efficiency, reducing deforestation, and implementing
sustainable land-use practices.

g) What is an ESG Report.

An ESG report, or Environmental, Social, and Governance report, is a document that
provides information about a company's performance in key areas related to
sustainability and ethical practices. ESG reports are used by investors, stakeholders,
and the public to assess a company's non-financial performance and its impact on
society and the environment.

ESG reports typically include information on a company's policies, practices, and

performance in the following areas:

1. Environmental: This section covers a company's impact on the environment,

including its carbon footprint, energy and water use, waste management
practices, and efforts to mitigate environmental risks and promote
sustainability.
2. Social: This section focuses on a company's relationships with its employees,
customers, suppliers, and communities. It includes information on labor
practices, human rights, diversity and inclusion, health and safety, and
community engagement.
3. Governance: This section covers a company's corporate governance practices,
including its board structure, executive compensation, shareholder rights, and
 transparency. It also includes information on how the company manages ethical
issues and compliance with laws and regulations.

ESG reports are voluntary and are typically published alongside a company's annual
financial report. They are used by investors to assess the long-term sustainability and
risk profile of a company and by stakeholders to evaluate the company's impact on
society and the environment. ESG reporting is seen as a way for companies to
demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and responsible business practices and
to build trust with investors and stakeholders.

h) State ethics in work life.

Ethics in the workplace refers to the set of moral principles and values that guide the
behavior of individuals and organizations in their professional interactions and
decision-making processes. It involves doing what is right, fair, and just, even when
no one is watching. Ethics in work life encompasses various aspects, including:

1. Honesty and Integrity: Being truthful and transparent in all professional

dealings and interactions.
2. Respect: Treating others with respect, dignity, and fairness, regardless of their
position, background, or beliefs.
3. Accountability: Taking responsibility for one's actions and decisions and
being willing to accept the consequences.
4. Confidentiality: Respecting the confidentiality of sensitive information and
not disclosing it without proper authorization.
5. Conflict of Interest: Avoiding situations where personal interests conflict with
professional responsibilities and obligations.
6. Fair Treatment: Ensuring fairness in all professional interactions, including
hiring, promotion, and compensation decisions.
7. Compliance: Adhering to all relevant laws, regulations, and organizational
policies and procedures.
8. Professionalism: Conducting oneself in a professional manner and upholding
the standards of the profession.

Ethics in work life is essential for creating a positive work environment, fostering trust
and respect among employees, and building a strong organizational culture. It helps to
ensure that decisions are made in the best interests of the organization and its
stakeholders, and that employees are treated fairly and ethically. Organizations that
prioritize ethics in work life are more likely to attract and retain talented employees,
maintain good relationships with customers and stakeholders, and achieve long-term
success.
Q2) Answer
a) How is ‘Industries & Citizens’ participation in sustainable development.
Industries and citizens play crucial roles in sustainable development, and their
participation is essential for achieving long-term environmental, social, and economic
goals. Here's how their participation contributes to sustainable development:

1. Industries:
• Resource Efficiency: Industries can promote sustainable development
by optimizing resource use, reducing waste, and adopting cleaner
production processes.
• Innovation: Industries drive innovation in sustainable technologies and
practices, such as renewable energy, green building materials, and
sustainable agriculture.
• Job Creation: Sustainable industries create employment opportunities,
contributing to economic development and poverty reduction.
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Industries can engage in CSR
activities that benefit communities and the environment, such as
supporting education, healthcare, and environmental conservation
initiatives.
2. Citizens:
• Consumption Patterns: Citizens can contribute to sustainable
development by adopting sustainable consumption patterns, such as
reducing waste, conserving energy, and choosing environmentally
friendly products.
• Community Engagement: Citizens can participate in community
development projects, volunteer work, and advocacy campaigns to
promote sustainable practices and address local environmental and
social issues.
• Political Advocacy: Citizens can advocate for policies and regulations
that promote sustainability, such as renewable energy incentives, waste
management regulations, and conservation programs.
• Education and Awareness: Citizens can raise awareness about
sustainable development issues and promote environmental and social
responsibility in their communities.

By encouraging active participation from industries and citizens, sustainable

development goals can be more effectively implemented, leading to a healthier
environment, stronger communities, and a more prosperous and equitable society.

b) Difference between Charity and Philanthropy.

The terms "charity" and "philanthropy" are often used interchangeably, but they have
distinct meanings and connotations:
 1. Charity:
• Focus: Charity typically involves giving aid, support, or resources to
those in need, often in the form of direct assistance or relief.
• Scope: Charity is usually more immediate and short-term in nature,
addressing immediate needs or crises.
• Motivation: Charity is often driven by a sense of compassion or
empathy for those who are less fortunate.
• Examples: Giving food or shelter to the homeless, providing medical
aid to disaster victims, or donating money to a charity organization.
2. Philanthropy:
• Focus: Philanthropy focuses on addressing the root causes of social,
environmental, or cultural issues, with the goal of creating long-term,
sustainable change.
• Scope: Philanthropy tends to be more strategic and long-term, seeking
to have a lasting impact on society.
• Motivation: Philanthropy is often motivated by a desire to make a
positive difference in the world and to promote social justice and equity.
• Examples: Funding educational programs to empower disadvantaged
communities, supporting research to find cures for diseases, or investing
in social enterprises that address social or environmental challenges.

In summary, while both charity and philanthropy involve giving, charity tends to be
more immediate and focused on providing direct assistance to those in need, while
philanthropy is more strategic and aims to address the underlying causes of social
issues to bring about lasting change.

c) State Contemporary issues and hurdles in CSR.

Contemporary issues and hurdles in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) include:

1. Climate Change: Addressing climate change is a major challenge for CSR,

requiring companies to reduce their carbon footprint, adopt sustainable
practices, and contribute to global efforts to mitigate climate change.
2. Environmental Degradation: Companies face pressure to minimize their
environmental impact, including reducing waste, conserving resources, and
promoting biodiversity.
3. Social Inequality: CSR efforts are increasingly focused on addressing social
inequality, including issues such as income inequality, gender inequality, and
lack of access to education and healthcare.
4. Human Rights Violations: Companies are under scrutiny for their human
rights practices, including labor rights, supply chain practices, and treatment of
marginalized communities.
5. Ethical Business Practices: Maintaining high ethical standards in business
operations is a challenge, particularly in complex global supply chains where
issues such as corruption and bribery can arise.
 6. Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging effectively with stakeholders, including
employees, customers, communities, and investors, is crucial for successful
CSR but can be challenging due to differing priorities and expectations.
7. Measuring and Reporting Impact: Assessing the impact of CSR initiatives
and reporting on progress can be complex, requiring companies to develop
robust measurement frameworks and reporting mechanisms.
8. Resource Constraints: Companies may face resource constraints, including
financial and human resources, that limit their ability to implement
comprehensive CSR programs.

Addressing these contemporary issues and hurdles requires companies to integrate

CSR into their core business strategies, engage with stakeholders, and demonstrate
leadership and commitment to sustainability and social responsibility.

Q3)
a) Write or Answer Explain the structure and development board of Corporate
Governance in India.
Corporate governance in India is structured around various regulatory bodies, laws,
and guidelines aimed at ensuring transparency, accountability, and fairness in the way
companies are managed and controlled. The key elements of the corporate governance
framework in India include:

1. Companies Act, 2013: The Companies Act, 2013, is the primary legislation
governing corporate governance in India. It outlines the duties and
responsibilities of directors, auditors, and other key stakeholders, as well as
provisions related to shareholder rights, disclosure requirements, and corporate
social responsibility (CSR).
2. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI): SEBI is the regulatory
body responsible for overseeing the securities market in India. SEBI has issued
various regulations and guidelines related to corporate governance, including
the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations,
2015, which impose certain obligations on listed companies to enhance
transparency and accountability.
3. Corporate Governance Code: The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has
issued a Corporate Governance Code, which sets out best practices and
principles of corporate governance that companies are encouraged to adopt.
4. Board of Directors: The board of directors plays a crucial role in corporate
governance, overseeing the management of the company and ensuring that it
acts in the best interests of shareholders and other stakeholders. The board is
responsible for setting the company's strategic direction, monitoring its
performance, and ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
5. Audit Committee: The Companies Act, 2013, mandates the establishment of
an audit committee comprising independent directors to oversee the company's
financial reporting process, internal controls, and audit functions.
 6. Independent Directors: Independent directors play a key role in corporate
governance by bringing an objective and impartial perspective to the board.
They are expected to provide independent oversight and challenge the
decisions of the management where necessary.
7. Shareholder Rights: Shareholders in India have certain rights, including the
right to vote on key company decisions, the right to receive dividends, and the
right to inspect corporate records.
8. Disclosure and Transparency: Companies are required to disclose certain
information to shareholders and the public, including financial statements,
annual reports, and information related to board composition and remuneration.

Overall, the corporate governance framework in India is aimed at promoting

transparency, accountability, and integrity in the management and control of
companies, thereby enhancing investor confidence and contributing to the overall
growth and development of the economy.

b) Enlist the various legislation for CSR in India. What are Activities under
schedule VII for the CSR and its complainces with the recent developments.
In India, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is governed primarily by the
Companies Act, 2013, and the Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy)
Rules, 2014. The key provisions related to CSR in India include:

1. Companies Act, 2013: Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, mandates
certain classes of companies to spend at least 2% of their average net profits of
the preceding three years on CSR activities.
2. Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy) Rules, 2014: These
rules provide details on the implementation of CSR activities, including the
constitution of the CSR committee, formulation of CSR policy, and reporting
requirements.

Activities under Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013, that qualify as CSR
activities include:

1. Eradicating hunger, poverty, and malnutrition.

2. Promoting education, including special education and employment enhancing
vocation skills.
3. Promoting gender equality and empowering women.
4. Ensuring environmental sustainability, ecological balance, protection of flora
and fauna, animal welfare, agroforestry, conservation of natural resources, and
maintaining quality of soil, air, and water.
5. Protection of national heritage, art and culture, including restoration of
buildings and sites of historical importance and works of art.
6. Measures for the benefit of armed forces veterans, war widows, and their
dependents.
 7. Training to promote rural sports, nationally recognized sports, paralympic
sports, and Olympic sports.
8. Contribution to the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund or any other fund set
up by the Central Government for socio-economic development and relief and
welfare of the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes,
minorities, and women.
9. Contributions or funds provided to technology incubators located within
academic institutions which are approved by the Central Government.
10. Rural development projects.

Recent developments in CSR compliance include:

1. Enhanced Reporting Requirements: The MCA has introduced enhanced

reporting requirements for CSR expenditure and activities, requiring companies
to provide more detailed information in their annual reports.
2. Impact Assessment: There is a growing emphasis on the impact assessment of
CSR activities to ensure that they are effectively addressing social and
environmental issues.
3. Collaboration and Partnerships: Companies are increasingly collaborating
with non-profits, NGOs, and government agencies to implement CSR projects
and maximize their impact.
4. Focus on Sustainability: There is a growing focus on sustainability in CSR
activities, with companies increasingly prioritizing projects that have a long-
term positive impact on society and the environment.

Overall, the CSR landscape in India is evolving, with companies increasingly

recognizing the importance of CSR in driving positive social change and sustainable
development.

Q4) Write or Answer any One of below:

a) What are various 17 - Point charter under United Nations agenda for Global
Peace and Sustainable Development - 2030. How it is important & helpful for
India’s long term growth and development.
The United Nations agenda for Global Peace and Sustainable Development, also
known as the 2030 Agenda, includes the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
which are a set of 17 interlinked global goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a
better and more sustainable future for all" by 2030. The 17 SDGs cover a broad range
of social, economic, and environmental issues, and each goal has specific targets to be
achieved.

The 17 SDGs are:

1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
 3. Good Health and Well-being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
10. Reduced Inequality
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
12. Responsible Consumption and Production
13. Climate Action
14. Life Below Water
15. Life on Land
16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
17. Partnerships for the Goals

These goals are important for India's long-term growth and development for several
reasons:

1. Alignment with National Priorities: Many of the SDGs align with India's
national development priorities, such as poverty alleviation, healthcare,
education, and infrastructure development.
2. Addressing Key Challenges: The SDGs address key challenges faced by
India, including poverty, hunger, gender inequality, and environmental
degradation, providing a framework for addressing these issues in a holistic and
integrated manner.
3. International Cooperation: The SDGs emphasize the importance of
international cooperation and partnerships, which can help India access
resources, expertise, and technology to support its development efforts.
4. Sustainable Development: The SDGs promote sustainable development,
which is essential for India's long-term economic growth and environmental
sustainability.
5. Monitoring and Accountability: The SDGs provide a framework for
monitoring progress and holding governments and other stakeholders
accountable for their commitments, which can help ensure that development
efforts are effective and transparent.

Overall, the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs provide a comprehensive and inclusive
framework for addressing global challenges and promoting sustainable development,
which can benefit India and other countries in achieving their development goals.
b) Sustainable Development is need of hour. Explain with an example of Bhutan
Case for Inclusive Growth on Environment protection and Reducing carbon
footprints.
Bhutan is often cited as a leading example of a country that prioritizes sustainable
development and environmental conservation. One of the key initiatives in Bhutan is
the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH), which places equal importance on
economic, social, and environmental well-being. This holistic approach to
development has led to several initiatives aimed at inclusive growth and
environmental protection, including:

1. Environment Conservation: Bhutan has a constitutional mandate to maintain

at least 60% of its land under forest cover for all time. This commitment to
environmental conservation has helped preserve the country's rich biodiversity
and natural resources.
2. Hydropower Development: Bhutan has embraced hydropower as a major
source of revenue and clean energy. The country has tapped into its abundant
water resources to develop hydropower projects, which not only provide
electricity for domestic use but also generate revenue through exports to India.
3. Carbon Negative Status: Bhutan is one of the few countries in the world that
is carbon negative, meaning it absorbs more carbon dioxide than it emits. This
is primarily due to its extensive forest cover, which acts as a carbon sink.
4. Community-Based Conservation: Bhutan has implemented community-
based conservation programs that involve local communities in the
management and protection of natural resources. This approach has helped
foster a sense of ownership and stewardship among local communities.
5. Promotion of Renewable Energy: Bhutan has also made efforts to promote
renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, further reducing its
carbon footprint.
6. Tourism Policy: Bhutan has a unique tourism policy that focuses on high-
value, low-impact tourism. This policy helps ensure that tourism benefits local
communities while minimizing negative impacts on the environment.

Overall, Bhutan's approach to sustainable development demonstrates the importance

of balancing economic growth with environmental protection and social well-being.
By prioritizing inclusive growth and environmental conservation, Bhutan has been
able to achieve significant progress while preserving its unique cultural and natural
heritage for future generations.
Q5) Write or Answer
a) State dimension of Sustainable Development. Explain Social Factors or
Parameters which help in inclusive growth of an economy and society.
Sustainable development is often described in terms of three dimensions: economic,
social, and environmental. These dimensions are interconnected and mutually
reinforcing, and they provide a framework for achieving long-term, balanced
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.

1. Economic Dimension: This dimension focuses on promoting economic

growth, prosperity, and stability while ensuring that resources are used
efficiently and sustainably. It includes aspects such as income generation,
employment creation, and access to basic services and infrastructure.
2. Social Dimension: The social dimension of sustainable development focuses
on promoting social equity, inclusion, and cohesion. It includes aspects such as
access to education, healthcare, housing, and social protection, as well as the
promotion of gender equality, human rights, and cultural diversity.
3. Environmental Dimension: The environmental dimension of sustainable
development focuses on protecting and preserving the natural environment and
its resources. It includes aspects such as reducing pollution, conserving
biodiversity, promoting sustainable land use and water management, and
mitigating and adapting to climate change.

Inclusive growth refers to a pattern of economic growth that is broad-based and

benefits all segments of society, particularly the poor and marginalized. Social factors
and parameters that can help promote inclusive growth include:

1. Education: Access to quality education is key to empowering individuals and

enabling them to participate fully in the economy and society. Education can
help reduce poverty, improve health outcomes, and promote social mobility.
2. Healthcare: Access to affordable and quality healthcare is essential for
promoting inclusive growth. Healthy individuals are more productive and
better able to contribute to the economy.
3. Social Protection: Social protection programs, such as social insurance,
pensions, and safety nets, can help reduce poverty and inequality by providing
a basic level of income security to vulnerable populations.
4. Infrastructure: Access to basic infrastructure, such as roads, electricity, and
water supply, is essential for economic development and improving quality of
life.
5. Gender Equality: Promoting gender equality and empowering women and
girls is crucial for achieving inclusive growth. Women's participation in the
economy and society can lead to higher productivity, increased income, and
better social outcomes.
 6. Community Participation: Engaging communities in decision-making
processes and development initiatives can help ensure that development
policies and programs meet the needs and priorities of local populations.

Overall, addressing social factors and promoting inclusive growth is essential for
achieving sustainable development and building a more equitable and prosperous
society for all.

b) Indian Values and Ethics are considered to be one of Best in World. Explain
with few illustrations as to its applicability in Airline and Food Industry.
Indian values and ethics are deeply rooted in the country's cultural and spiritual
heritage, and they emphasize principles such as respect, compassion, honesty, and
integrity. These values play a crucial role in shaping the behavior and practices of
individuals and organizations in various sectors, including the airline and food
industries. Here are a few illustrations of how Indian values and ethics are applicable
in these industries:

1. Airline Industry:
• Customer Service: Indian values emphasize the importance of treating
guests as gods (Atithi Devo Bhava). This principle is reflected in the
hospitality and customer service standards of many Indian airlines,
where passengers are treated with respect and courtesy.
• Safety and Security: Indian values prioritize the well-being and safety
of individuals. In the airline industry, this translates into a strong
emphasis on safety and security measures to ensure the safety of
passengers and crew.
• Ethical Business Practices: Indian values emphasize honesty and
integrity in all dealings. In the airline industry, this means adhering to
ethical business practices, such as transparent pricing, fair treatment of
employees, and compliance with regulations.
2. Food Industry:
• Quality and Purity: Indian values emphasize the importance of food
quality and purity (Sattvik food). In the food industry, this translates into
a focus on providing high-quality, nutritious, and safe food products to
consumers.
• Hygiene and Cleanliness: Indian values stress the importance of
cleanliness and hygiene (Swachhata). In the food industry, this means
maintaining high standards of hygiene in food preparation, storage, and
service.
• Sustainability: Indian values emphasize living in harmony with nature
(Sustainable living). In the food industry, this translates into promoting
sustainable practices such as organic farming, waste reduction, and
conservation of natural resources.
Overall, Indian values and ethics play a significant role in shaping the culture and
practices of the airline and food industries in India, contributing to a more ethical,
sustainable, and customer-focused approach to business.

Q1) Attempt
a) Define ecological footprint.
Ecological footprint is a measure of the impact of human activities on the
environment, particularly in terms of the amount of land and resources needed to
support those activities. It represents the area of land and water required to produce
the resources consumed by a population, absorb the waste generated, and provide
space for infrastructure. The ecological footprint is typically expressed in global
hectares per person and is used to assess the sustainability of human consumption and
production patterns. A larger ecological footprint indicates higher resource
consumption and environmental impact, while a smaller footprint indicates lower
resource consumption and a lighter environmental burden.

b) What are the three-dimensional focus of corporate citizenship?

The three-dimensional focus of corporate citizenship refers to the areas in which a
company can make a positive impact on society and the environment through its
business practices and operations. These dimensions are:

1. Economic Responsibility: This dimension involves the company's role in

contributing to the economic well-being of society. This includes creating jobs,
paying fair wages, generating tax revenue, and supporting economic
development in communities where the company operates.
2. Social Responsibility: This dimension involves the company's role in
promoting social well-being and addressing social issues. This includes
promoting diversity and inclusion, supporting education and healthcare
initiatives, and contributing to community development and poverty
alleviation.
3. Environmental Responsibility: This dimension involves the company's role
in minimizing its environmental impact and promoting environmental
sustainability. This includes reducing carbon emissions, conserving natural
resources, minimizing waste, and supporting conservation efforts.

By focusing on these three dimensions of corporate citizenship, companies can

contribute to a more sustainable and inclusive society while also creating long-term
value for their shareholders and stakeholders.
c) Mention any two characteristics of Good corporate Governance.
Two characteristics of good corporate governance are:

1. Transparency: Transparency refers to the openness and clarity with which a

company operates and communicates its policies, decisions, and financial
information to stakeholders. Transparent corporate governance practices help
build trust among stakeholders and promote accountability.
2. Accountability: Accountability refers to the responsibility of the board of
directors and management to stakeholders for their decisions and actions. A
company with good corporate governance practices ensures that there are
mechanisms in place to hold decision-makers accountable for their actions and
to address any misconduct or ethical lapses.

d) Give any two strategic advantages of CSR.

Two strategic advantages of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are:

1. Enhanced Brand Image and Reputation: CSR activities can enhance a

company's brand image and reputation among customers, employees, investors,
and the community. By demonstrating a commitment to social and
environmental causes, companies can differentiate themselves from
competitors and attract stakeholders who value ethical and sustainable
practices.
2. Improved Employee Engagement and Morale: CSR initiatives can improve
employee engagement and morale by giving employees a sense of pride and
purpose in their work. Employees are often more motivated and committed to
companies that are socially responsible, leading to higher productivity, lower
turnover rates, and a more positive work environment.

e) State the meaning of charity.

Charity refers to the act of giving help, typically in the form of money, goods, or
services, to those in need, such as the poor, sick, or disadvantaged. It is often
motivated by compassion, empathy, or a desire to alleviate suffering or improve the
quality of life for others. Charity can take many forms, including donations to
charitable organizations, volunteering time or skills to help others, or providing direct
assistance to individuals or communities in need.

f) What is the difference between sustainable development and green

development?
The difference between sustainable development and green development lies
primarily in their scope and focus:
 1. Sustainable Development: Sustainable development is a broader concept that
encompasses economic, social, and environmental aspects. It aims to meet the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs. Sustainable development seeks to balance economic
growth with social progress and environmental protection, taking into account
the interconnectedness of these dimensions.
2. Green Development: Green development, on the other hand, focuses
specifically on environmental sustainability. It emphasizes the use of
environmentally friendly practices and technologies to reduce the impact of
human activities on the environment. Green development aims to promote
sustainable use of natural resources, reduce pollution and waste, and mitigate
climate change.

In summary, while sustainable development considers economic, social, and

environmental factors holistically, green development has a narrower focus on
environmental sustainability. Green development can be seen as a subset of
sustainable development, with a specific emphasis on environmentally friendly
practices and technologies.

g) What is ESG Reports?

ESG reports, or Environmental, Social, and Governance reports, are documents that
provide information about a company's performance in key areas related to
sustainability and ethical practices. ESG reports are used by investors, stakeholders,
and the public to assess a company's non-financial performance and its impact on
society and the environment.

The three components of ESG are:

1. Environmental: This aspect of ESG focuses on a company's impact on the

environment, including its carbon footprint, energy and water use, waste
management practices, and efforts to mitigate environmental risks and promote
sustainability.
2. Social: The social component of ESG covers a company's relationships with its
employees, customers, suppliers, and communities. It includes information on
labor practices, human rights, diversity and inclusion, health and safety, and
community engagement.
3. Governance: Governance refers to the systems and processes that companies
use to manage their operations and ensure accountability. This includes issues
such as board diversity, executive compensation, shareholder rights, and
transparency.

ESG reports are voluntary and are typically published alongside a company's annual
financial report. They are used by investors to assess the long-term sustainability and
risk profile of a company and by stakeholders to evaluate the company's impact on
society and the environment. ESG reporting is seen as a way for companies to
demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and responsible business practices and
to build trust with investors and stakeholders.

h) Write any two key public sector roles in CSR.

Two key public sector roles in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are:

1. Regulation and Oversight: The public sector plays a crucial role in regulating
and overseeing CSR activities to ensure that companies comply with relevant
laws and regulations. This includes monitoring CSR expenditure, ensuring
transparency in reporting, and enforcing penalties for non-compliance.
2. Partnership and Collaboration: The public sector often partners with private
companies and non-profit organizations to implement CSR initiatives. These
partnerships can help leverage resources, expertise, and networks to address
social and environmental issues more effectively. Public sector organizations
can also facilitate collaboration among stakeholders to maximize the impact of
CSR initiatives.

Q2) Answer
a) Discuss the pros and cons of globalisation on CSR initiatives taken by different
organizations with examples.
Globalization has had a significant impact on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
initiatives taken by organizations. Here are some of the key pros and cons:

Pros:

1. Increased Awareness and Standards: Globalization has led to increased

awareness of social and environmental issues among businesses and consumers
worldwide. This has resulted in the development of global standards and
frameworks for CSR, such as the UN Global Compact, which guide companies
in implementing responsible business practices.
2. Access to New Markets: Globalization has opened up new markets and
opportunities for companies, allowing them to expand their CSR initiatives to a
wider audience. For example, companies may invest in community
development projects in emerging markets where they operate.
3. Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration: Globalization has facilitated
knowledge sharing and collaboration among organizations, enabling them to
learn from each other's CSR initiatives and best practices. This can lead to
more effective and innovative CSR strategies.
4. Pressure for Accountability: Globalization has increased the pressure on
companies to be more transparent and accountable for their social and
environmental impacts. This has led to greater scrutiny from stakeholders,
including investors, consumers, and civil society organizations.
Cons:

1. Ethical Concerns: Globalization has raised ethical concerns, particularly

regarding labor practices and human rights. For example, some companies have
been criticized for exploiting cheap labor in developing countries or for their
involvement in environmental degradation.
2. Inequality and Displacement: Globalization has led to increased inequality,
with some communities and regions benefiting more than others. This can lead
to social tensions and conflicts, as well as the displacement of marginalized
communities.
3. Greenwashing: Globalization has also led to an increase in greenwashing,
where companies falsely claim to be environmentally friendly or socially
responsible in order to attract customers or improve their reputation.
4. Regulatory Challenges: Globalization has created regulatory challenges for
CSR, as companies operate in multiple jurisdictions with different regulatory
requirements. This can make it difficult for companies to ensure compliance
with relevant laws and standards.

Overall, while globalization has created opportunities for companies to expand their
CSR initiatives, it has also posed challenges in terms of ethical, social, and
environmental impact. It is important for companies to carefully consider these factors
and strive to implement responsible business practices that benefit society and the
environment.

b) Discuss about Indian values and ethics.

Indian values and ethics are deeply rooted in the country's cultural, religious, and
philosophical traditions. They encompass a wide range of beliefs and practices that
emphasize virtues such as compassion, honesty, respect, and integrity. Some key
aspects of Indian values and ethics include:

1. Spirituality: Indian culture places a strong emphasis on spirituality and the

belief in a higher power or universal consciousness. This spiritual outlook
influences many aspects of life, including personal conduct, social interactions,
and attitudes towards nature and the environment.
2. Family and Community: Indian values emphasize the importance of family
and community relationships. Respect for elders, care for the ng and
vulnerable, and a sense of duty towards one's family and community are highly
valued.
3. Non-Violence (Ahimsa): Ahimsa, or non-violence, is a central tenet of Indian
ethics, influenced largely by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. It extends
beyond physical violence to include non-violence in thought, word, and deed,
and is seen as a fundamental principle for living a moral and ethical life.
 4. Truthfulness (Satya): Truthfulness is another important value in Indian ethics.
The concept of satya, or truth, is not just about speaking the truth but also about
living a life that is in harmony with truth and righteousness.
5. Dharma: Dharma, often translated as duty or righteousness, is a key concept in
Indian ethics. It refers to the moral and ethical duties that individuals have
towards themselves, their families, society, and the universe as a whole.
6. Respect for Nature: Indian culture has a long tradition of reverence for nature
and the environment. This is reflected in practices such as vegetarianism,
respect for animals, and the worship of natural elements like rivers, mountains,
and trees.
7. Tolerance and Diversity: Indian values emphasize tolerance and acceptance
of diversity in beliefs, practices, and ways of life. This is reflected in the
country's long history of coexistence among people of different religions,
cultures, and backgrounds.

Indian values and ethics continue to play a significant role in shaping the moral and
ethical fabric of Indian society. They provide a foundation for personal conduct, social
interactions, and decision-making, and are seen as essential for leading a meaningful
and fulfilling life.

c) Differentiate between charity and philanthropy with examples of organizations

engaged into it.
Charity and philanthropy both involve giving to others, but they differ in scope, intent,
and approach:

1. Charity:
• Scope: Charity typically involves providing immediate relief or
assistance to individuals or communities in need. It often focuses on
addressing the symptoms of social problems rather than the underlying
causes.
• Intent: The intent of charity is to alleviate suffering, meet basic needs,
and provide short-term assistance to those facing hardship.
• Approach: Charity is often characterized by direct, hands-on assistance,
such as providing food, shelter, medical care, or other forms of
emergency relief.
• Example: Organizations engaged in charity include food banks,
homeless shelters, disaster relief organizations, and organizations that
provide direct assistance to individuals in need, such as the Salvation
Army or Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders).
2. Philanthropy:
• Scope: Philanthropy is broader in scope and focuses on addressing the
root causes of social problems. It often involves strategic, long-term
investments aimed at creating sustainable solutions.
 • Intent: The intent of philanthropy is to create positive social change and
improve the overall well-being of society.
• Approach: Philanthropy often involves strategic planning, research, and
collaboration with other stakeholders to address systemic issues and
create lasting impact.
• Example: Organizations engaged in philanthropy include foundations,
corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs, and individual donors
who support causes such as education, healthcare, environmental
conservation, and social justice. For example, the Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation focuses on global health, poverty alleviation, and
education, with a focus on long-term, sustainable solutions.

In summary, while charity provides immediate relief to individuals in need,

philanthropy focuses on addressing the underlying causes of social problems and
creating long-term, sustainable solutions. Both charity and philanthropy play
important roles in addressing social issues and improving the well-being of
communities, but they differ in their approach and impact.

Q3) Answer
a) Based on the social responsibility core subjects of ISO 26,000, an organization
has to define internal requirements. Illustrate two different action plans that
would be acceptable to verify the implementation of the requirement.
ISO 26000 provides guidance on social responsibility and outlines core subjects that
organizations should consider when defining internal requirements. Two different
action plans to verify the implementation of these requirements could include:

1. Training and Awareness Programs:

• Action Plan: Develop and implement training programs for employees
on social responsibility principles and practices outlined in ISO 26000.
• Verification: Conduct regular assessments to ensure that employees
understand and apply the principles in their daily work. This could
include quizzes, surveys, or evaluations of employee behavior and
decision-making.
2. Stakeholder Engagement and Feedback Mechanisms:
• Action Plan: Establish mechanisms for engaging with stakeholders (such
as customers, suppliers, and local communities) to gather feedback on
social responsibility practices and identify areas for improvement.
• Verification: Monitor and analyze stakeholder feedback to assess the
organization's performance against social responsibility objectives. This
could include surveys, interviews, or focus groups to gather feedback on
specific initiatives or practices.
By implementing these action plans, organizations can effectively verify the
implementation of ISO 26000 requirements related to social responsibility and
demonstrate their commitment to responsible business practices.

b) Illustrate the effect of globalisation in the context of CSR practices adopted by

various MNC's.
Globalization has had a significant impact on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
practices adopted by multinational corporations (MNCs). Here are some key effects:

1. Increased Stakeholder Expectations: Globalization has led to increased

awareness and scrutiny of MNCs' social and environmental impacts.
Stakeholders, including consumers, investors, and NGOs, expect MNCs to
demonstrate responsible business practices and contribute positively to society.
2. Standardization of CSR Practices: Globalization has led to the
standardization of CSR practices across borders. MNCs often adopt global
CSR standards and frameworks, such as the UN Global Compact, to ensure
consistency and alignment with international norms.
3. Expansion of CSR Scope: Globalization has expanded the scope of CSR
practices beyond traditional philanthropy to include issues such as human
rights, labor standards, environmental sustainability, and supply chain
management. MNCs are expected to address these issues in their global
operations.
4. Supply Chain Management: Globalization has increased the complexity of
MNCs' supply chains, with many companies sourcing products and services
from multiple countries. This has led to increased focus on responsible
sourcing practices and supply chain transparency.
5. Partnerships and Collaboration: Globalization has facilitated partnerships
and collaboration among MNCs, governments, NGOs, and other stakeholders
to address global challenges. MNCs often collaborate with local organizations
to implement CSR initiatives that have a meaningful impact on local
communities.
6. Risk Management: Globalization has increased the risks associated with CSR
practices, including reputational risks, legal risks, and operational risks. MNCs
are increasingly focused on managing these risks through robust CSR policies
and practices.

Overall, globalization has had a profound impact on CSR practices adopted by MNCs,
leading to increased expectations, standardization, expansion of scope, and a greater
focus on collaboration and risk management. MNCs that effectively integrate CSR
into their global operations are better positioned to address societal challenges, build
trust with stakeholders, and create long-term value for shareholders.
Q4) Answer
a) Illustrate current trends and opportunities in CSR as a strategic business tool
for sustainable development from Indian and global perspectives.
Current trends and opportunities in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a
strategic business tool for sustainable development can be seen from both Indian and
global perspectives:

Indian Perspective:

1. Focus on Impact Measurement: There is a growing emphasis on measuring

the impact of CSR initiatives to ensure they are effectively addressing social
and environmental issues. Companies are using tools such as social return on
investment (SROI) to quantify the social and environmental benefits of their
CSR projects.
2. Emphasis on Innovation: Companies are increasingly using innovation to
drive their CSR initiatives. This includes using technology to address social
challenges, developing new business models that integrate social and
environmental goals, and collaborating with stakeholders to co-create
sustainable solutions.
3. Partnerships and Collaboration: Companies are forming partnerships and
collaborations with other organizations, including NGOs, government agencies,
and other companies, to maximize the impact of their CSR initiatives. These
partnerships allow companies to leverage expertise, resources, and networks to
address complex social and environmental challenges.
4. Focus on Employee Engagement: Companies are recognizing the importance
of engaging employees in CSR initiatives. Employee volunteering programs,
skill-based volunteering, and employee-led initiatives are becoming more
common as companies seek to involve their workforce in social and
environmental projects.

Global Perspective:

1. Integration of CSR into Business Strategy: Companies are increasingly

integrating CSR into their core business strategy, viewing it as a key driver of
long-term value creation. This includes aligning CSR goals with business
objectives and embedding CSR considerations into decision-making processes.
2. Focus on Environmental Sustainability: There is a growing focus on
environmental sustainability, with companies setting ambitious goals to reduce
their carbon footprint, minimize waste, and conserve natural resources. This
includes investing in renewable energy, adopting circular economy practices,
and reducing emissions.
3. Stakeholder Engagement and Transparency: Companies are placing greater
emphasis on engaging with stakeholders and being transparent about their CSR
practices. This includes disclosing CSR performance metrics, engaging with
 investors on ESG (environmental, social, and governance) issues, and seeking
input from communities and NGOs.
4. Emphasis on Human Rights and Diversity: Companies are increasingly
focusing on human rights, diversity, and inclusion in their CSR initiatives. This
includes promoting workplace diversity, ensuring fair labor practices in supply
chains, and respecting the rights of indigenous communities and vulnerable
populations.

Overall, the trends and opportunities in CSR as a strategic business tool for
sustainable development are evolving rapidly, with companies facing increasing
pressure to demonstrate their commitment to social and environmental responsibility.
Adopting a strategic approach to CSR can not only help companies address societal
challenges but also drive innovation, enhance brand reputation, and create long-term
value for shareholders.

b) Appraise the measures taken by various organizations to reduce the ecological

footprint with examples.
Various organizations around the world have taken measures to reduce their
ecological footprint, aiming to minimize their impact on the environment. Here are
some examples of measures taken by organizations:

1. Transitioning to Renewable Energy: Many organizations are shifting to

renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power to
reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and lower their carbon emissions. For
example, Google has committed to powering all its operations with renewable
energy.
2. Energy Efficiency Improvements: Organizations are implementing energy-
efficient technologies and practices to reduce their energy consumption. This
includes upgrading to energy-efficient lighting, HVAC systems, and
appliances, as well as implementing smart building management systems.
Walmart has made significant investments in energy efficiency, leading to
substantial reductions in energy consumption across its stores and facilities.
3. Sustainable Supply Chain Practices: Organizations are working with
suppliers to promote sustainable practices and reduce the environmental impact
of their supply chains. This includes sourcing materials responsibly, reducing
waste, and improving efficiency. Unilever has implemented a Sustainable
Agriculture Code to promote sustainable farming practices among its suppliers.
4. Waste Reduction and Recycling: Organizations are implementing waste
reduction and recycling programs to minimize the amount of waste they send to
landfills. This includes initiatives to reduce packaging waste, recycle paper and
plastics, and compost organic waste. IKEA has committed to becoming a
circular business by 2030, aiming to eliminate waste and use resources more
efficiently.
 5. Water Conservation: Organizations are implementing water conservation
measures to reduce their water consumption and minimize their impact on
freshwater resources. This includes implementing water-efficient technologies,
repairing leaks, and reusing water where possible. Coca-Cola has implemented
water stewardship programs to reduce water use in its bottling operations.
6. Carbon Offsetting: Some organizations are investing in carbon offset projects
to offset their carbon emissions. This involves investing in projects that reduce
or remove greenhouse gas emissions, such as reforestation or renewable energy
projects. Microsoft has committed to becoming carbon negative by 2030,
offsetting more carbon than it emits.

These examples illustrate how organizations are taking proactive measures to reduce
their ecological footprint and promote environmental sustainability. By adopting
sustainable practices and technologies, organizations can contribute to a more
sustainable future for the planet.

Q5) Answer a) A corporate body is made up of varying categories of personnel,

operating at various levels with different responsibilities and rights. Describe five
points will take into consideration while drafting the code of ethics to be
implemented in your organisation.

When drafting a code of ethics for an organization, it is important to consider the

following five points:

1. Scope and Purpose: Clearly define the scope and purpose of the code of
ethics, including the values, principles, and standards of conduct that the
organization expects all personnel to adhere to. This sets the foundation for
ethical behavior within the organization.
2. Comprehensive Coverage: Ensure that the code of ethics covers a wide range
of ethical issues relevant to the organization's operations, including but not
limited to conflicts of interest, confidentiality, bribery and corruption, fair
competition, and environmental responsibility.
3. Clarity and Accessibility: The code of ethics should be written in clear,
simple language that is easily understandable by all personnel. It should also be
easily accessible, such as being available on the organization's website or
intranet, to ensure that everyone is aware of its contents.
4. Training and Communication: Implement training programs to educate
personnel about the code of ethics and its importance. Regular communication
about ethical standards and expectations can help reinforce a culture of ethics
and compliance within the organization.
5. Enforcement and Accountability: Establish procedures for reporting and
addressing violations of the code of ethics, including mechanisms for
investigation and disciplinary action. It is important to ensure that all personnel
 are held accountable for their actions and that ethical behavior is rewarded and
recognized.

By considering these five points when drafting a code of ethics, organizations can
promote a culture of ethics and integrity, build trust with stakeholders, and mitigate
the risks associated with unethical behavior.

b) Formulate a green supply chain plan so as to meet the requirements of

sustainable development for an e-commerce company.
Formulating a green supply chain plan for an e-commerce company involves
integrating sustainable practices into every stage of the supply chain, from sourcing
raw materials to delivering products to customers. Here is a plan that can help meet
the requirements of sustainable development:

1. Sustainable Sourcing: Identify suppliers that adhere to sustainable practices,

such as using renewable materials, minimizing waste, and reducing carbon
emissions. Establish criteria for selecting suppliers based on their
environmental performance.
2. Efficient Packaging: Minimize packaging waste by using eco-friendly
materials, optimizing packaging size and design to reduce material usage, and
encouraging customers to recycle packaging materials.
3. Energy-efficient Operations: Implement energy-saving measures in
warehouses and fulfillment centers, such as using LED lighting, optimizing
heating and cooling systems, and investing in renewable energy sources like
solar panels.
4. Optimized Transportation: Use efficient transportation methods, such as
consolidating shipments, using eco-friendly vehicles, and optimizing delivery
routes to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
5. Reverse Logistics: Implement a robust reverse logistics system to manage
product returns and minimize waste. Consider refurbishing or reselling returned
products to reduce waste and extend product lifecycle.
6. Supplier Engagement: Collaborate with suppliers to improve sustainability
throughout the supply chain. Encourage them to adopt sustainable practices and
provide support and incentives for doing so.
7. Transparency and Reporting: Maintain transparency in r supply chain
operations and report regularly on r sustainability efforts and achievements.
This can help build trust with customers and stakeholders.
8. Continuous Improvement: Regularly review and update r green supply
chain plan to incorporate new technologies, best practices, and sustainability
standards. Continuously monitor and measure the impact of r efforts to ensure
they are aligned with sustainable development goals.
By implementing a green supply chain plan, e-commerce companies can reduce their
environmental impact, enhance their reputation as environmentally responsible
businesses, and contribute to sustainable development goals