Engineering Graduation

Projects Handbook
Faculty of Engineering

January 2018
Amended September 2018
Table of Contents
General .................................................................................................................................................... 3

Faculty Guidelines for Graduation Project Selection & Management .................................................... 4

Research Projects .................................................................................................................................... 6

Design Projects ....................................................................................................................................... 6

Assessment Criteria ................................................................................................................................ 7

Research Project .............................................................................................................................................. 7

Minimum Requirements at the end of Semester 1 .......................................................................... 7

Final Dissertation ............................................................................................................................ 7

Design Project .................................................................................................................................................. 8

Minimum Requirements at the end of Semester 1 .......................................................................... 8

Final Submission ............................................................................................................................. 9

BUE Style & Referencing Guide ............................................................................................................ 9

Graduation Projects’ Supervision & Support........................................................................................ 10

Projects’ Supervisors Responsibilities.......................................................................................................... 10

Teaching Assistants Responsibilities ............................................................................................................ 10

VIVA & Discussion Panels .................................................................................................................. 10

Research Project ............................................................................................................................................ 10

Interim Report ............................................................................................................................... 10

Final Dissertation .......................................................................................................................... 11

Design Project ................................................................................................................................................ 11

Design Brief .................................................................................................................................. 11

Final Submission ........................................................................................................................... 11

Appendix A (Graduation Project Selection Form)................................................................................ 12

Graduation Project Selection Form ....................................................................................................... 13

Appendix B (Graduation Project Allocation Form) ............................................................................... 14

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Appendix C-1 (Research Topics) .......................................................................................................... 17

Appendix C-2 (Design Projects) ........................................................................................................... 18

Appendix C-3 (Executive Summary) .................................................................................................... 19

Raw materials........................................................................................................................................ 22

Appendix D (Module Specifications-1-Research Project) .................................................................... 25

Appendix D-1 (Interim Report Assessment Criteria) ........................................................................... 26

Appendix D-2 (Assessment Criteria for VIVA) ................................................................................... 29

Assessment Criteria for VIVA .............................................................................................................. 30

Appendix D-3 (Assessment Criteria for Final Dissertation) ................................................................. 32

Appendix D-4 (Assessment Criteria for Final Design Project Submission) ......................................... 36

Appendix D-5 (Mark Control Sheets) ................................................................................................... 40

Appendix D-6 (Logbook Sheet for Research Project Meetings) .......................................................... 43

Appendix D-7 (Logbook Sheet for Design Project Meetings) .............................................................. 45

Appendix E (Final Dissertation Format & Requirements) ................................................................... 47

Formatting Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 48

Cover Page ..................................................................................................................................................... 49

Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 51

Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... 52

Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................... 53

List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 55

References ...................................................................................................................................................... 56

Appendix ........................................................................................................................................................ 57

Appendix F (Module Specifications-2-Design Project) ........................................................................ 58

Appendix G (BUE Style & Referencing Guide) ................................................................................... 59

Appendix H (Graduation Projects Timeline) ........................................................................................ 68

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General
The Faculty of Engineering has two types of final year projects. The first is an individual
research project, while the second is a group design project both are running along the whole
year. Ideally, students are required to conduct research in a given area and implement any
findings and/or gain insight in a given specialty area which is then employed in his/her design
project.

By the end of semester two, of year 3, each department conducts a seminar to announce for
research and design projects to be offered in the following year. This seminar is usually
presented by staff members and/or research groups who are proposing projects. Each staff
member presents his/her research topics, the necessary optional modules that would support
this area and how this will relate to the design project, in case there is a direct relation
between both projects. Students are encouraged to engage in one-on-one discussions with
potential supervisors in order to clarify any queries they might have about their potential
topics and/or projects. Students are requested to select their projects by the end of semester
two of year 3 such that proper preparations for optional modules could be implemented.

The Faculty of Engineering offers the following resources and support mechanisms for its
students who are working on their graduation projects:

1. Weekly contact hours have been inserted into the time table to assure weekly contact
between students and project supervisors for progress and follow up with documented
minutes in logbook sheets as shown in Appendices D-5 & D-6;

2. Teaching assistants in relevant integral specialty areas are allocated time slots for
providing support for problems and/or issues that may arise while conducting the
design projects;

3. Free access times in computer labs which are equipped with the necessary software
packages that would help students conduct their projects;

4. Students are encouraged to start working in relevant research areas, with their
potential supervisors, during the summer to prepare themselves for the research
project which would start in semester one;

5. Library resources in the form of reference books, online databases and e-books are
available and are necessary for conducting literature searches and establishing
necessary background information;

6. Students should refer to the English department which is offering one-on-one advice,
through its writing centre, to help them finalise their research proposals, research
papers and dissertations;

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 7. Lab facilities are available for students to conduct any experimental work that might
be required, as part of their research projects;

8. Each department’s optional modules list is continuously updated in order to support

latest advances in relevant areas, in addition to, reflecting current research activities of
the academic staff.

Faculty Guidelines for Graduation Project Selection &

Management
This section outlines the guidelines for admission of the final year students to different
graduation projects/supervisors in the faculty of engineering at BUE.

1. Graduation project consists of 40 credits divided into 20 credits for the research
project and another 20 credits for the design project except for Architectural which is
worth 30 credits. Both projects run over two semesters S1 and S2, except for the
design project in petroleum engineering where it only runs in semester 2;

2. Each department assigns graduation project supervisors from various areas of interest
that will accommodate different fields. The fields are chosen carefully to offer
students a wide variety of topics and areas of interest within engineering;

3. Areas that do not have a full time module leader at the BUE, is assigned to a part time
module leader with a good experience of the British system and who had a good track
record of work at the BUE. More than one module leader can be available in the
same field of speciality, and that for potential high demand from students in certain
areas;

4. Midway through S2 of Yr3, each supervisor is asked to prepare a 15-minute lecture to

introduce his/her points of interest to students. Equal and fair opportunities are
granted for all module leaders to present their points of interest;

5. Each department shall establish a Projects Review Committee (PRC). This committee
is responsible for the following:

a. Review the levels of project proposals, once prepared and submitted by

relevant module leaders, as per the set timeline. This step is meant to ensure
the standardized level of difficulty and amount of student work of all projects
within each department;

b. The committee conducts the moderation process of all graduation project

assessments;

c. The committee shall report its findings to its respective departmental council
for formal approval after each task;

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6. A selection form is distributed among all students to survey and collect their first
three choices/preferences for topic of the graduation project (field of speciality) as
well as the project supervisor (the Graduation Project Selection Form is available in
Appendix A);

7. Initially, all students are distributed among different areas and different module
leaders according to their first choice;

8. The total number of students per supervisor is tabulated and compared. The faculty
does not encourage very high number of students under the supervision of a single
module leader or high number of students in one single graduation project. The
faculty is also aware that having exactly equal number of students under the
supervision of all module leaders is not realistic. Also, the faculty is aware that some
areas and topics may be of higher demand than others;

9. The initial distribution is reviewed taking into consideration that the number of
students per module leader is manageable and consistent with staff workload and
BUE policy to provide quality supervision and dissertations. In any case the total
number of students supervised by a single module leader should not exceed 10;

10. If the initial student distribution is skewed toward one single area of specialization, in
a given department, then the department should try to hire an extra supervisor in this
area, who could be a part timer with good experience of the British system, to cover
the students’ first choice;

11. If the total number of students in a specific area, still exceeds the normal staff
workload for the supervisors, in a given department, the department may interfere to
start sorting the students in this area using the average in modules related to the same
topic/field of the first choice in the selection form;

12. Students who cannot get their first choice may be allocated to their second choice;

13. Each department should setup its own selection criteria for distributing students
among the different projects. Such criteria shall be transparent and announced to all
students before the selection process begins, as per the set timeline;

14. Student is informed during the summer period about their supervisor and encouraged
to start personal contact with his/her supervisors at their wish and vice versa. The
department urges the students to know well ahead about their topics, in general,
especially for top ranked students;

15. Any department should not encourage changing the major topic or the module leader
except in very limited cases and with the approval of both module leaders, taking into
consideration item 8;

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 16. The faculty encourages the existence of a link between the research and design
projects, where possible; i.e. both are carried out under the supervision of the same
supervisor. The faculty does not encourage carrying out the research and design
projects in two different areas under the supervision of two different supervisors
unless; a) the student himself is fully aware of the drawbacks, b) with the acceptance
of both supervisors, and c) taking into consideration item 8;

Research Projects
All departments shall announce, during the second semester of year 3, a list of research topics
after the approval of the departmental PRC. As indicated above, students shall be invited to a
graduation projects awareness event where all supervisors present their proposed projects and
engage in one-on-one discussions with students to help them select their research project
topic.

In all projects, students are required to achieve the following milestones:

1. Establish the current state of art in the relevant research area;

2. Identify the research problem and develop a problem statement;

3. Identify a set of research objectives;

4. List the research tasks required to achieve the pre-set objectives;

5. Develop a Gant chart indicating timeline for achieving the identified tasks;

6. Produce an interim report by the end of first semester and a final Dissertation by the
end of the second semester.

Design Projects
The faculty has developed an integral setup comprising the Research Project, Design Project and at
least two optional modules to form the student’s concentration in a given specialty area within the
department. It is expected that every research project supervisor would announce for a compatible
design project, where possible, where gained insight, knowledge and/or proposed methodologies
would be employed.

Design Projects would be Actual Engineering Projects, whether under implementation or have been
recently implemented, that are analysed and designed by a group of year 4 students (……… students).
Each student will be assigned a separate task within the group project which would ensure his/her
overall involvement in the design process, in addition to his/her engagement with team members in
producing a finalised design.

Each group is required to submit a design brief by the end of semester 1 completely detailing the
proposed project as indicated in the following section, in addition to a complete design
documentation, as per the nature of the project at the end of semester 2.

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Assessment Criteria
Research Project

Minimum Requirements at the end of Semester 1

As per the module specifications of the Research Project, attached in Appendix D, students
are expected to submit THREE copies of an interim report (5000 words) on their research
project, as per the pre-set timeline. The report accounts for 20% of the total mark of the
project.

The report should cover the following:

1. Current state of art of selected research topic;

2. Clear identification of research problem, research objectives and research
methodology;
3. Accomplished work in semester 1;
4. Time plan for conducting remaining research tasks in semester 2.

This report will be evaluated by a specialist examiner in addition to the academic advisor of
the project, the student will receive an interim report feedback form as indicated in Appendix
C-1. Students are required to conduct a discussion as well which will be evaluated according
to the criteria attached in Appendix D-2. The interim report shall be accompanied by an
originality report generated by TURITIN. The comments given by the specialist advisor
should be considered by the students in their final Dissertation.

The interim report should be structured as follows:

1- Introduction
2- Literature review
3- Objectives
4- Detailed tasks
5- Gant chart (Time table of tasks)
6- Achievements of semester 1
7- Anticipated problems and suggested ways to solve them
8- Plan of tasks during semester 2
9- List of References

Final Dissertation
The final Dissertation should be about 15000 words in length and shall be evaluated
according to the following criteria:

1. Viva-voce examination,
2. Written report,
3. Success in meeting the aims,
4. Initiative and innovation.

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The Dissertation accounts for 50% of the total mark of the Project in addition to 10% for the
viva and will be evaluated according to the assessment criteria as indicated in Appendix C-3.

The students will be further evaluated by his/her advisor according to:

1. Effort exerted over the entire duration,

2. Planning ability.

This accounts for 20% of the total mark.

The Dissertation should be submitted with an Executive Summary which should be about 4-
10 pages and contain but not limited to the following sub-sections:

1. Title.
2. Affiliations
3. Abstract (180 words)
4. Problem Definition/ Problem Statement (75 words)
5. Main and Specific Objectives
6. Brief Background including a summary of Literature Survey for the most relevant papers (not
more than 7 papers) (500 words)
7. Methodology / approach to the problem
8. Experimental work, material fabrication, and Tests, if any.
9. Main results / Achievements
10. Conclusion and recommendation for future work
11. Main References (about 5-10 References)

The contents of this summary should be extracted from your final project according to the
template given in Appendix C3. The Dissertation should follow the BUE style of referencing,
available in Appendix G, and should follow the format attached in Appendix E. Students are
required to submit THREE copies of their final dissertation, accompanied by an Originality
Report generated by TURNITIN.

Design Project

Minimum Requirements at the end of Semester 1

As per the module specifications of the Design Project, attached in Appendix F, students are
expected to submit ONE copy of a design brief (3000-5000 words) as per the University
timeline. The brief accounts for 20% of the total mark of the project.

The brief should cover the following:

1. The aims of the proposed design,

2. Design Objectives,

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 3. Design Milestones,
4. Design Options,
5. Assumptions and design codes, if applicable,
6. Role of each group member.
7. Detailed Architectural Programme & matrix.
8. Bible diagram and zoning for each floor.
9. Design Concept.

This brief should relate to the task at hand and should translate the requirements and
limitations of the final design.

Students are, then, required to produce a comprehensive design documentation comprising:

1. Complete description of the project,
2. Complete set of drawings, if applicable,
3. Detailed analysis calculations,
4. Printouts of all employed software packages, if applicable,
5. Comprehensive design calculations of all relevant components,
6. All drawings shall follow the BUE Guidelines and Standards for Structural Drawings
provided in a separate document and available on the e-learning web page, if
applicable.

This report accounts for 50% of the total mark and will be evaluated by the project
supervisor, an external examiner and another staff member as an internal examiner, according
to the criteria as indicated in Appendix D-4. The student is expected to perform an oral
discussion and defend his proposed design in front of the examining panel which accounts for
10% of the total mark.

Final Submission
Students are required to submit a document comprising the full calculations according to the format
shown in Appendix E in addition to a complete set of structural drawings generated by a computer
aided package, if applicable, according to the BUE Guidelines and Standards for Structural Drawings
published under separate cover and available at the e-learning web page.

Students are required to submit FOUR copies of all design reports and documentation in addition to
FOUR copies of the research dissertation. The final copies shall be submitted at the date, time and
location identified by the department and communicated to students before the submission date and in
line with the faculty pre-set timeline and calendar.

All Research Dissertations shall be accompanied by an Originality Report generated by

TURNITIN, as per the guidelines and requirements of the BUE and BUE library.

BUE Style & Referencing Guide

This guide is designed to help BUE students to meet the requirements of academic writing.
There is more than one academic convention in referencing. The preferred referencing style

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for the BUE is the APA (American Psychological Association) system. For the sake of
completeness, the guide is attached in its entirety in Appendix G.

Graduation Projects’ Supervision & Support

Projects’ Supervisors Responsibilities
Projects’ Supervisors are expected to ensure the following:

1. To identify Research point in case of Research Project & Design requirements in case of
Design Project;
2. To hold weekly meetings with students to perform the following: -
a. Direct students towards the proper path.
b. Assign tasks to ensure proper planning for achieving and completing the project.
c. Follow up on assigned tasks.
d. Conduct interactive discussions to guide students towards sound decisions.
3. To document all weekly meetings through the SRS toll in order to compile a comprehensive
logbook at the end of the project.
4. To evaluate students’ performance as per the module specifications.

Teaching Assistants Responsibilities

Each department shall assign ALs/TAs in different specialty areas to support students in their
graduation projects as follows: -

1. To support students in technical issues relevant to their specialty area;

2. To support students in conducting any experiments in labs, as needed.
3. To support students in using software packages, as needed.
4. Advise students regarding literature research & online tools, as needed.
5. Direct Students to the writing center to help them prepare their dissertation.

VIVA & Discussion Panels

Graduation Projects are to be presented and discussed with a panel at several stages during the last
study year, i.e., year 4. The composition of such panels is different based on the stage at which is
convened. The following outlines the composition of these panels in each graduation project & stage:
-

Research Project

Interim Report
Internal panel comprising the Supervisor and a Moderator from the Department.

All members award marks for the Student, as per the assessment criteria, and the average is calculated
to account for 15% of the total mark.

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Final Dissertation
Examination panel comprising the Supervisor, a Project External Examiner from another University
& a moderator from the Department.

The Supervisor does not participate in marking and the average of marks awarded by the External
Examiner and Moderator, as per the assessment criteria, account for 60% of total mark for the
Dissertation, in addition to 10% for the VIVA.

Design Project

Design Brief
The evaluation of this submission is made by the Project Supervisor & account for 15% of the total
mark.

Final Submission
Examination Panel comprising of the Supervisor, an External Examiner from another University and a
Moderator from the Department.

The Supervisor dose not participate in marking and the average of marks awarded by the External
Examiner & Moderator, as per the assessment criteria, account for 60% of total mark for the
submission, in addition to 10% for the VIVA.

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Appendix A (Graduation Project Selection Form)

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 Graduation Project Selection Form
Student Name: ----------------------------------------

Student ID: ----------------------------------------

DYR Grade (Circle only one per year)

Year 1 A+ A A- B+ B- B C+ C C- D+ D D-

Year 2

Year 3

Graduation Project Choices (fill in ALL choices):

1st Choice

2nd Choice

3rd Choice

4th Choice

Student Signature: -------------------- Date: -------------

---

Note:

Each Department is to attach list of offered Optional Modules/semester to this form

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Appendix B (Graduation Project Allocation Form)

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Final Year Project Allocation Form

Please complete this form and get your supervisor signature to confirm that
the specified project has been allocated to you. Your project must be directly
relevant to your award.

Student

Student ID:

Last Name:

First Name:

Award Title:

___________________________________________________________

Project Title:

___________________________________________________________

Project proposal: Please write a paragraph briefly outlining your proposed project.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Health& Safety concerns*: Yes / No (please circle). If yes please specify:

Name of Supervisor:

_____________________________________________________________________

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Supervisors area:

Supervisor signature:

_____________________________________________________________________

Date:

For submission date see: BUE E-learning website

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 Appendix C-1 (Research Topics)

To be announced by the relevant department on the e-learning platform, during S2 of Year 3.

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 Appendix C-2 (Design Projects)

To be announced by the relevant department on the e-learning platform, during S2 of Year 3.

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Appendix C-3 (Executive Summary)

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 EVALUATION OF NEW FRICTIONAL BRAKE PAD MATERIALS

Hala Ahmed Salem (110647) & Nabil El-Tayeb (Supervisor)

Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Department, The British University

in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Misr-Ismalia Road, Cairo, Egypt

Emails: hala110647@bue.edu.eg, hala.salem@yahoo.com, nabil.eltayeb@bue.edu.eg

ABSTRACT

In this work, friction, wear, fade characteristics of newly five different non-commercial frictional materials and
two other chosen commercial brake pads were evaluated using a small scale tribo-tester of pin-on-disc type
under dry contact conditions. The five non-commercial frictional materials (NF1, NF2, NF3, NF4, and NF5)
were fabricated with various percentages of phenolic binder resin and reinforcing steel fibers using hot press
molding methods. Friction surfaces of the worn surfaces of all tested materials were studied using scanning
electron microscope. Experimental results showed that stabilization of friction coefficient for non-commercial
material was soon achieved after 2000m. This was attributed to formation of a uniform transfer film at the
initial stage (running-in) on the disc surface, which supports the stable friction behaviour at higher contact
temperature. NF1 material exhibited neither judder nor rapid changes in the friction coefficient compared to
the other materials and the COF maintained unchanged at elevated temperature.

1. Problem Definition / Problem Statement

In brake pad system, no single material has been able to meet the desired performance related criteria such as
safety and durability under various brake conditions [1]. The friction materials are required to provide a stable
friction coefficient and a low wear rate at various operating speeds, pressures, temperatures, and
environmental conditions [1-4]. Furthermore, these materials must also be compatible with the rotor material
in order to reduce its extensive wear, vibration, and noise during braking [1].

2. Main and specific Objectives

In this work, Tribological properties of five new different non-commercial brake frictional materials (NF1, NF2,
NF3, NF4, and NF5) were fabricated, evaluated, and compared with two different commercial brake pads
(CMA and CMB).

 To fabricate five non-commercial friction materials with ………………..……

 To measure the hardness and ultimate compression stress of …………………….
 To test the non-commercial material using ………………….,
 To characterise …………………..

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3. Brief Background / Literature Survey
A commercial friction brake pad material usually contains more than 10 different constituents [1,4-8]. These
constituents are often containing binder resin, reinforcing fibers, solid lubricants, abrasives, wear resistant,
and other friction modifiers [1-2,4-6,8]. The type and amount of each of these ingredients are determined
mostly on the basis of experience, empirical observation [1,4], or a trial and error method to make a new
formulation [9].

Friction heat generated during the brake application can easily raise the temperature at the interface beyond
the glass transition temperature of the binder resin resulting in abrupt change in the friction force during
braking [1]. …………………………. ……………………… ……………………….

4. Methodology / Approach to the Problem

Five different base matrices of non-commercial materials (NF1, NF2, NF3, NF4, and NF5) were designed for
this work, i.e. non-asbestos organic (NAO) type materials containing 10 different ingredients. These
ingredients comprise fiber reinforcement, binder, friction modifiers, solid lubricant, abrasive, and filler. The
relative amounts and type of these ingredients are given in Table 1. The friction materials were manufactured
by dry-mixing, pre-forming, hot press molding at 2500psi and 180 C, post-curing, and heat treatment. All non-
commercial friction materials were manufactured at CL Industry Sdn. Bhd. of brake pad manufacturing,
Malaysia. Specimens of size 9.59.520mm were machined from plates of size 25025020mm by MAZAK
CNC Milling machine, Fig.1.

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of friction material

specimens.

Chemical composition and some physical properties of the two commercial brake pad materials are shown in
Table 2.

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 Table 1: The ingredients and physical properties of the non-commercial friction materials (Vol.%).

Sample Code

NF1 NF2 NF3 NF4 NF5

Raw materials
Metal fiber : Steel 15 20 25 15 20
fiber

Friction Modifiers: Brass 6 6 6 6 6

Abrasive : Zircon 3 3 3 3 3
(ZrSiO4)

Organic fiber : Aramid 10 10 10 - -

Pulp

Fillers, Reinforcements : 8 8 8 8 8
CaCO3

BaSO4 20 20 20 20 20

Brinell Hardness 23.84  1.91 21.82  1.60 9.11  1.43 20.98  1.62 11.61 
1.05

Shore D Hardness 88.30  1.39 87.86  1.80 76.76  2.85 86.26  1.10 83.90 
0.99

Density (gm/cm3) 2.6821 2.6464 2.6023 2.4655 2.5649

Ult. Comp. Stress (MPa) 85.53  68.77  48.73  56.57  57.83 

16.59 18.92 4.91 10.50 6.38

In order to confirm uniform mixing and proper curing during manufacturing of brake pads, the surface
hardness of both commercial and non-commercial materials were measured using a Shore D hardness tester
(Time Group Inc. Shore D Durometer TH210) and Brinell hardness testing machine (Gunt Hamburg Universal
Material Tester WP300).

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5. Experimental work, material fabrication, and Tests,

5.1 Friction and wear tests

A photograph of a small-scale tribo-tester of pin-on-disc type used in this study is shown in Fig.3. The counter
disc used in the friction test was grey cast iron which machined from a grey cast iron plate of Grade: Flocast 4E
and had a size of 135mm diameter and 10mm thickness. Table 3 shows the volume % of chemical composition
of the grey cast iron disc. The initial average surface roughness (Ra) of 1.263m of grey cast iron disc was
measured using Perthometer S2 and Stylus instrument. The surface hardness of the disc was in the range of
185.52  6.20 HV30kgf (Vickers Hardness Tester 430/450 SVA, Wilson Wolpert). The interface temperature at
the trailing edge of the specimen on the rotating disc was measured by a non-contacting infrared
thermometer (Infrared Thermometer SUMMITTM SIR10B series, accuracy: 2% of reading). The infrared
thermometer was placed at approximately 15cm apart from the trailing edge of the friction material
(specimen) and focusing on the rotor surface (disc).

Fig.1. Pin-on-disc type small-scale tribo-tester.

1-dead weight, 2-specimen holder, 3-counterface, 4-pad specimen, 5-infrared thermometer,

6-straingauge, 7-load level.

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5.2 Examination of worn surfaces

The microstructure of frictional surfaces (worn surfaces) was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM (JEOL,
JSM 840). Before taking micrographs, the worn surfaces of all the specimens were coated with a thin layer of gold using
ion sputtering (model JEOL, JFC-1600).

6. Main results / Achievements

Table 4 compares the results produced in this study for non-commercial with commercial materials. Changes of disc
temperature and coefficient of friction (COF) as function of sliding distance for both commercial and non-commercial
materials are shown in Fig. 4. A decrease in friction during brake application is called fade, and resistance to fade at
high temperature is of primary requirement for commercial friction materials [11]. However, a continuous increase in
the COF is often associated with the adhesion of metals chips in the brake pad to the friction surface of the cast iron
disc [8]. The present results showed a stabilization of the COF after 2000m for all non-commercial materials. This is
attributed to a uniform transfer films to the disc surface that supports the observed stable friction behaviour at higher
temperature, Fig.4.

7. Conclusion and recommendation for future work

 Five non-commercial materials containing different percentages of steel fibres and phenolic resin binder and two
commercial brake pad materials were tested against grey cast iron rotor disc to investigate friction
characteristics, fade and wear resistance.
 Commercial materials CMB gave highest friction coefficient and poor wear resistance while CMA exhibited
relatively higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient compare to CMB. Meanwhile the non-commercial
materials NF1 (15%Vol. steel fibres & 20%Vol. phenolic resin), NF2 (20%Vol. steel fibres & 15%Vol. phenolic
resin) exhibited highest friction coefficient and relatively lowest weight loss. Better fade resistance, stabilization
of friction coefficient was achieved by NF1 and NF5 while NF2 and NF4 showed slightly less fade resistance
compared to NF1 and NF5.
 The frictional performance strongly depends on the friction layer generated on the friction surface and this
enhances the stability of friction coefficient at higher contact temperature and hence improves the fade
resistance. A uniform transfer film to the counterface contributes significantly to better stabilization of friction
coefficient after running in period and during steady state.

8. Main References:
[1]. Kim S.J. and Jang H., Friction and wear of friction materials containing two different phenolic resins reinforced with
aramid pulp, Tribology International 33 (2000) 477-484.
[2]. M.G. Jacko and S.K. Rhee, Brake linings and clutch facings, Kirk- Other Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology, vol.
4, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, 1992.
[3]. Cho M.H., Kim S.J., Kim D., and Jang H., Effects of ingredients on tribological characteristics of a brake lining: an
experimental case study, Wear 258 (2005) 1682-1687.
[4]. J. Bijwe, Composites as friction materials: recent developments in non-asbestos fibre reinforced friction
materials—a review, Polym. Comp. 18 (3 (June)) (1997).
[5]. I. Mutlu, O. Eldogan, and F. Findik, Tribological properties of some phenolic composites suggested for automotive
brakes, Tribology International (Article In Press) (2005) 1-9.
[6]. K.W. Hee, and P. Filip, Performance of ceramic enhanced phenolic matrix brake lining materials for automotive
brake linings, Wear 259 (2005) 1088–1096.
[7]. N. S. M. El-Tayeb, Design and manufacturing tribo test apparatus, Tribology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and
Technology, Multimedia University, 2003, http://fet/fet/research/ccadkm/cad.html.
 Engineering Graduation Projects Handbook

Appendix D (Module Specifications-1-Research Project)

Each department developed its own module specifications which refers to relevant ILOs. However, all
module specifications share the same assessment profile. The following is the list of modules of individual
programmes:

1. ARCH06H

2. PECE05H

3. PHCE05H

4. CIVL30H

5. CEM30H

6. ECE24H

7. MECH99H

8. PTRL24H

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Appendix D-1 (Interim Report Assessment Criteria)

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Evaluator: Date: --/---/----

Student Name:
Project Title:
Final
Weight Criteria Grade
Grade
 Presented materials are highly relevant and cover the topic widely & deeply.
A
 Well structured. All main points valid & fully developed. No repetition or 70-100
deviation. Transitions appropriate & used effectively.

 Presented materials are relevant and cover the topic widely & deeply.
B
 Clearly structured. All main points valid but not always fully developed. Minor
Technical Content

60-69
repetition or deviation. Transitions mostly appropriate & used effectively.

 Most of the presented materials are relevant and cover the topic reasonably.
(60%)

 Some structure. Most but not all main points valid & developed. Some C X
repetition or deviation. Transitions mostly appropriate but sometimes inaccurate 50-59 xx%
or over used.

 Some of the presented materials are relevant and slightly cover the topic.
D
 Structure not clear. Few valid main points poorly developed. Repetition or 40-49
deviation. Transitions mostly basic or over used.

 Presented materials are not relevant and do not cover the topic.
F
 Unstructured. Few, if any, valid main points poorly developed. Material mostly 0-39
deviated from the task. Transitions, inaccurate or absent.

 Major text has consistent fonts, text format, figure and table formats and caption, A
headings and sub-headings. 70-100


Format & Style

Most text has consistent fonts, text format, figure and table formats and caption, B
headings and sub-headings. 60-69
(20%)

 Some text has consistent fonts, text format, figure and table formats and caption, C Y
headings and sub-headings. 50-59 yy%

 Few texts have consistent fonts, text format, figure and table formats and caption, D
headings and sub-headings. 40-49

 Most text has inconsistent fonts, text format, figure and table formats and caption, F
headings and sub-headings. 0-39

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A
 Excellent ability to express ideas with proper language and technical vocabulary.
70-100
Organization

B
 Good ability to express ideas with proper language and technical vocabulary.
60-69
(10%)

C Z
 Normal ability to express ideas with proper language and technical vocabulary.
50-59 zz%
D
 Low ability to express ideas with proper language and technical vocabulary.
40-49

 Difficult to express ideas with proper language and technical vocabulary. F

0-39
A+
 Similarity not exceeding 5%
85-100
A
 Similarity not exceeding 9%
70-84
Turnitin

B
 Similarity not exceeding 15%
(10%)

60-69
C
 Similarity not exceeding 20%
50-59
D
 Similarity not exceeding 25%
40-49
F
 Similarity exceeding 25%
0-39

Total Mark: ---. / 100 Grade (A, B, C, D) Signature: -----------------

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Appendix D-2 (Assessment Criteria for VIVA)

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Assessment Criteria for VIVA

Weight Criteria Grade Comments

- Presented materials are highly relevant and cover
the topic widely & deeply
A
- Well structured. All main points valid & fully
70-100
developed. No repetition or deviation. Transitions
appropriate & used effectively.

- Presented materials are relevant and cover the

topic widely & deeply.
B
- Clearly structured. All main points valid but not
Relevance, Depth & Organization of Ideas

always fully developed. Minor repetition or 60-69

deviation. Transitions mostly appropriate & used
effectively.

- Most of the presented materials are relevant and

cover the topic reasonably.
(50%)

C
- Some structure. Most but not all main points valid
& developed. Some repetition or deviation. 50-59
Transitions mostly appropriate but sometimes
inaccurate or over used.

- Some of the presented materials are not relevant

and slightly cover the topic.
D
- Structure not clear. Few valid main points poorly
40-49
developed. Repetition or deviation. Transitions
mostly basics or over used.

- Presented materials are not relevant and do not

cover the topic.
F
- Unstructured. Few, if any, valid main points poorly
0-39
developed. Materials mostly deviated from the
task. Transitions, inaccurate or absent

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Weight Criteria Grade Comments

- Understands questions very well. Very confident. A

Answers are correct and to the point.
70-100

- Understands questions very well. Confident. Most B

answers are correct and to the point.
Answering Questions

60-69

- Understands questions. Confident. Some answers C

(40%)

are correct.
50-59

- Dose not understand some questions. Not D

confident. Few answers are correct.
40-49

- Dose not understand questions. Not confident. F

Most answers are incorrect.
0-39

- Excellent ability to express ideas and respond to A

audients with proper language and technical
vocabulary. 70-100
Presentation Language & Interaction

- Good ability to express ideas and respond to B

audients with proper language and technical
vocabulary. 60-69

- Normal ability to express ideas and respond to C

(10%)

audients with proper language and technical

vocabulary. 50-59

- Low ability to express ideas and respond to D

audients with proper language and technical
vocabulary. 40-49

- Difficult to express ideas and respond to audients F

with proper language and technical vocabulary.
0-39

Total Mark: ---/100 Signature:

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Appendix D-3 (Assessment Criteria for Final Dissertation)

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Final Dissertation (50% of total mark)
Examiner:

Student Name: Student ID: ________________

Project Title:

F D C B A A+
Item
0-39% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-84% 85-100%
Background of Insufficient and Limited evaluation Accurate description Critical evaluation of Critical evaluation Innovative critical
research point largely irrelevant and description of of main relevant relevant issues and and synthesis of evaluation and
20% material main issues issues materials relevant issues and synthesis of
Mark: ............. materials relevant issues and
materials
Justification:

Problem Insufficient definition Vague Definition of Clearly defined Clearly defined Clearly defined Clearly defined
Statement & of research problem research problem research problem research problem research problem research problem
Research lacking clear with poorly defined with limited research with a complete set with well-structured with innovative set
Objectives objectives objectives objectives of research objectives research objectives of research
20% objectives
Mark: .............

Justification:

Research Lack of clear Inappropriate Clear research Clear and relevant Clear and relevant Clear and relevant
Methodology research research methodology missing research research research
20% methodology methodology several components methodology missing methodology with methodology with
Mark: ............. few components complete complete and
implementation innovative
implementation
Justification:
 Engineering Graduation Projects Handbook

F D C B A A+
Item
0-39% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-84% 84-100%
Analysis of Missing proper Incomplete analysis Complete analysis of Complete analysis of Complete analysis of Complete analysis
Results & analysis or results or results with some results missing some results missing some results followed by a of results followed
Conclusions and conclusions conclusions basic conclusions minor conclusions set of complete by a set of complete
(20%) relevant conclusions innovative
Mark: ............. conclusions

Justification:
Innovation Originality Report Originality Report Originality Report Originality Report Originality Report Originality Report
(Turnitin exceeding 25% not exceeding 25% not exceeding 20% not exceeding 15% exceeding 9% exceeding 5%
Report) (Plagiarism)
(10%)
Mark: .............
Justification:
Word Limit Word limit Word limit Word limit Word limit Word limit Word limit
(10%) (+/-/>) 25% (+/-) 25% (+/-/>) 25% (+/-/) 15-20% (+/-) 10-15% (+/-) 0-5%
Mark: .............

Justification:

Examiner’s comments:

Total Mark: Examiner’s Signature:

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Oral Presentation (10% of total mark)

F D C B A A+
Item
0-39% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-84% 85-100%
Oral Unsatisfactory Skills Acceptable Skills Good Skills Very Good Skills Excellent Skills Outstanding Skills
Presentation
Skills (50%)
Mark: .............
Justification:

Answering Insufficient and Limited evaluation Accurate description Critical evaluation Critical evaluation Innovative Critical
Questions largely irrelevant and description of of answers and relevant of and synthesis of evaluation and
(30%) answers answers answers answers synthesis of
Mark: ............. answers

Justification:

English Unsatisfactory use of Acceptable use of Good use of English Very Good use of Excellent use of Outstanding use of
Language English language English language English English English
Skills
20%
Mark: .............
Justification:

Examiner’s comments:

Total Mark: Examiner’s Signature:

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Appendix D-4 (Assessment Criteria for Final Design Project
Submission)
 Calculation Sheets & Drawings (50% of total mark)
Examiner: Supervisor:

Student Name: Student ID:

Project Title:

F D C B A A+
Item
0-39% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-84% 85-100%
Modelling & Missing major Missing some Complete analysis Complete analysis Complete and Complete and
Analysis components in components in with several errors in with minor errors in accurate analysis accurate analysis
20% modelling and modelling or analysis structural model structural model or using a proper using an innovative
analysis analysis structural model structural model
Mark: ............. with advanced
features
Justification:
Design Incomplete design Incomplete design Complete design Complete design Complete design, Added innovative
Calculations with fatal design with several missing with few missing with few errors error free design components
40% errors components, no fatal components, no fatal to the system
errors errors
Mark: .............

Justification:
Detailed Seriously deficient Incomplete drawings Complete drawings Complete drawings Complete drawings Added further
Drawings / Drawings and/or or implementation or implementation or implementation or implementation details and
Implementation other implementation with several errors with few errors error free implementation for
20% components more clarity
Mark: .............
Justification:
 Engineering Graduation Projects Handbook

F D C B A A+
Item
0-39% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-84% 85-100%
Individual
Contribution
Submission
(20%)
Mark
Justification:

Examiner’s comments:

Total Mark: Examiner’s Signature:

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Oral Presentation (10% of total mark)

F D C B A A+
Item
0-39% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-84% 85-100%
Oral Unsatisfactory Skills Acceptable Skills Good Skills Very Good Skills Excellent Skills Outstanding Skills
Presentation
Skills (50%)
Mark: .............
Justification:

Answering Insufficient and Limited evaluation Accurate description Critical evaluation Critical evaluation Innovative Critical
Questions largely irrelevant and description of of answers and relevant of and synthesis of evaluation and
(30%) answers answers answers answers synthesis of
Mark: ............. answers

Justification:

English Unsatisfactory use of Acceptable use of Good use of English Very Good use of Excellent use of Outstanding use of
Language English language English language English English English
Skills
20%
Mark: .............
Justification:

Examiner’s comments:

Total Mark: Examiner’s Signature:

Faculty of Engineering 39
Appendix D-5 (Mark Control Sheets)
 Student Name: ------------------------------------ Student ID:
S1 AY S2
Examiner Interim Report Student’s efforts Final Discussion General comments/Total

20% 20% Oral Presentation 10% Final Dissertation 50%

Supervisor

E. Examiner

Moderator

Agreed MARK
 Student Name: ------------------------------------ Student ID:
S1 AY S2

Design Brief Student’s efforts Oral Presentation Calculation Sheets,

Examiner General comments/Total
Drawings & Discussion

20% 20% 10% 50%

Supervisor

E. Examiner

Moderator

Agreed MARK
Appendix D-6 (Logbook Sheet for Research Project Meetings)
 Engineering Graduation Projects Handbook

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Appendix D-7 (Logbook Sheet for Design Project Meetings)

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Appendix E (Final Dissertation Format & Requirements)

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Formatting Requirements

1. The Official Font is Times New Roman

 Chapter headings size 16
 Subheadings size 15
 Sub-Subheadings size 14
 Main body size 12
 References size 12
 Line spacing 1.5

2. Margins for entire document:

 Left: 3 cm ; Right, Top, and Bottom 2.5 cm.
 Header and footer margins are 2.5 cm
 Title page and optional copyright page do not have page numbers.
 Page numbers on Acknowledgements, Dedication, Abstract, Table of Contents,
List of Tables and List of Figures pages are Lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii,
iii…)
 Page numbers in body of dissertation are numbered consecutively in Arabic
Numerals (1, 2, 3 …), including appendices and bibliography.

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Cover Page

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Acknowledgements

I am indebted to many people who have influenced and inspired me in my

research. Their enthusiasm, help, and support have ultimately led to the
completion of this Dissertation.

………………………………………………………………

I would like to express my particular gratitude and deep appreciation to

………………..

Student name, June-------

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Abstract

Egypt has very systemic strategies to deal with the historical eras, turned the
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………

The research developed in four phases; The

first phase is
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

The second phase is

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

The third phase

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
The final phase represents different conclusions, recommendations and futuristic
studies for the researcher.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

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Table of Contents
(Generated by Microsoft Word)

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Contents

List of Figures

Chapter (1) Introduction

1.1 Background
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Methodology

Chapter (2) literature Review

2.1 Introduction
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.3
2.3
2.6 Conclusion

Chapter (3) Title

3.1 Introduction
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.3
3.3
3.6 Conclusion

Chapter (4) Title

Chapter (5) Title

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 Engineering Graduation Projects Handbook

Chapter (6) Conclusions and Recommendations

References………………………………………………………………….....

Appendices…………………………………………………………………….

NOTE:

You can add and/or modify the contents and titles of the chapters according to your
materials.

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List of Figures

Chapter 1
Figure (1-1)......................................………………………………………………8

Chapter 2
Figure (2-1) ……………………………….............................................................39
Figure (2-2) ............................................………………………………………….41
Figure (2-3) ........................................…………………………………………….43

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References
As per BUE Referencing Style (Appendix G).

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Appendix
[Appendices typically contain supporting material such as data sheets, questionnaire samples,
illustrations, maps, charts, etc. Students may need to photocopy some items at less than
100% in order to fit them within the margins. Other oversize items may be folded to fit
within the margins or may be put in special pockets in the back.

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 Engineering Graduation Projects Handbook

Appendix F (Module Specifications-2-Design Project)

Each department developed its own module specifications which refers to relevant ILOs. However, all
module specifications share the same assessment profile. The following is the list of modules of
individual programmes:

1. ARCH25H

2. PECE04H

3. ENVCE04H

4. PHCE06H

5. CIVL27H

6. CEM27H

7. ECE25H

8. MECH98H

9. PTRL25H

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Appendix G (BUE Style & Referencing Guide)

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Appendix H (Graduation Projects Timeline)

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Sem. 1 Dates for Interim Submissions:

Action Expected Timeframe

Opening of Turnitin 1st day of Sem. 1 exams, current AY

Interim Reports & Design Brief End of 2nd teaching week, Sem. 2, current AY
submission deadline

Turnitin closure deadline 24 hrs. prior to the submission of the Interim Reports

Interim Reports presentations & During the 3rd week of Sem. 2, current AY
discussions

Sem. 2 Dates for Final Submissions:

Action Expected Timeframe

Opening of Turnitin 1st day of Sem. 2 exams, current AY

Final Dissertation submission 1 week from the date of the last exam, Sem. 2, current
deadline AY, as per BUE calendar.

Final submission for Design Projects 2 weeks from the date of the last exam, Sem. 2,
current AY, as per BUE calendar.

Turnitin closure deadline 24 hrs. prior to the submission of the final Reports

Final Dissertation presentations & Starting the following day of the submission, as per
discussions relevant department’s schedule & BUE calendar.

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