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    Lec 3

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    tashleenkaur2002

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lec 3

    Uploaded by

    tashleenkaur2002
    6 views2 pages

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    Lec-3

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    6 views2 pages

    Lec 3

    Uploaded by

    tashleenkaur2002

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LEC-3: Multi-Tasking vs Multi-Threading

    Program: A Program is an executable file which contains a certain set of instructions written
    to complete the specific job or operation on your computer.
    • It’s a compiled code. Ready to be executed.
    • Stored in Disk

    Process: Program under execution. Resides in Computer’s primary memory (RAM).

    Thread:
    • Single sequence stream within a process.
    • An independent path of execution in a process.
    • Light-weight process.
    • Used to achieve parallelism by dividing a process’s tasks which are independent path

    p
    of execution.
    • E.g., Multiple tabs in a browser, text editor (When you are typing in an editor, spell-
    checking, formatting of text and saving the text are done concurrently by multiple

    el
    threads.)

    Multi-Tasking Multi-Threading
    The execution of more than one task A process is divided into several different
    eH
    simultaneously is called as multitasking. sub-tasks called as threads, which has its
    own path of execution. This concept is
    called as multithreading.
    Concept of more than 1 processes being Concept of more than 1 thread. Threads are
    context switched. context switched.
    No. of CPU 1. No. of CPU >= 1. (Better to have more than
    1)
    od

    Isolation and memory protection exists. No isolation and memory protection,


    OS must allocate separate memory and resources are shared among threads of that
    resources to each program that CPU is process.
    executing. OS allocates memory to a process; multiple
    threads of that process share the same
    memory and resources allocated to the
    C

    process.

    Thread Scheduling:
    Threads are scheduled for execution based on their priority. Even though threads are
    executing within the runtime, all threads are assigned processor time slices by the operating
    system.

    Difference between Thread Context Switching and Process Context Switching:


    Thread Context switching Process context switching
    OS saves current state of thread & switches OS saves current state of process &
    to another thread of same process. switches to another process by restoring its
    state.
    Doesn’t includes switching of memory Includes switching of memory address
    address space. space.
    (But Program counter, registers & stack are
    included.)
    Fast switching. Slow switching.
    CPU’s cache state is preserved. CPU’s cache state is flushed.

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    el
    eH
    od
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