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The 555 Timer As A Monostable Multivibrator

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The 555 Timer As A Monostable Multivibrator

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sayan.pal.23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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THE 555 TIMER AS A MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

A monostable multivibrator (MMV) often called a one-shot multivibrator is a pulse generator


circuit in which the duration of the pulse is determined by the R-C network, connected externally
to the 555 timer. In such a vibrator, one state of output is stable while the other is quasistable
(unstable). For auto-triggering of output from quasistable state to stable state energy is stored by
an externally connected capacitor C to a reference level. The time taken in storage determines the
pulse width. The transition of output from stable state to quasistable state is accomplished by
external triggering. The schematic of a 555 timer in monostable mode of operation is shown in
Fig.1. Circuit details are given below.
Pin 1 is grounded. Trigger input is applied to
pin 2. In quiescent condition of output this
input is kept at + Vcc. To obtain transition of
output from stable state to quasistable state, a
negative-going pulse of narrow width (a width
smaller than expected pulse width of output
waveform) and amplitude of greater than
2
+3Vcc is applied to pin 2. Output is taken from
pin 3. Pin 4 is usually connected to + Vcc to
avoid accidental reset. Pin 5 is grounded
through a 0.01 µF capacitor to avoid noise
problem. Pin 6 (threshold) is .shorted to pin 7.
A resistor RA is connected between pins 6 and
Fig. 1: Circuit of the timer 555 as a Monostable 8. At pin 7 a discharge' capacitor is connected
Multivibrator while pin 8 is connected to supply Vcc.

Monostable Operation: For explaining the operation of timer 555 as a monostable multivibrator,
necessary internal circuitry with external connections are shown in Fig.2 The operation of the
circuit is explained below:

Initially, when the output at pin 3 is low i.e. the circuit is in a stable state, the transistor is on and
capacitor C is shorted to ground. When a negative pulse is applied to pin 2, the trigger input falls
1
below + Vcc. the output of comparator goes high which resets the flip-flop and consequently the
3
transistor turns off and the output at pin 3 goes high. This is the transition of the output from
stable to quasistable state, as shown in Fig. 2(b). As the discharge transistor is cut off, the
capacitor C begins charging toward + Vcc through resistance RA with a time constant equal to RAC.
2
When the increasing capacitor voltage becomes slightly greater than +3Vcc the output of
comparator 1 goes high, which sets the flip-flop. The transistor goes to saturation, thereby
discharging the capacitor C and the output of the timer goes low, as illustrated in Fig. 2(b) . Thus
the output returns back to stable state from quasistable state. The output of the MMV remains low

Page 1 of 3
until a trigger pulse is again applied. Then the cycle repeats. Trigger input, output voltage and
capacitor voltage waveforms are shown in Fig. 2 (b)

(a)Internal Circuitry with External Connections

(b) Trigger Input, Output and Voltage Waveforms

Fig. 2: Monostable Operation

The capacitor C has to charge through resistance RA The larger the time constant RAC, the longer it
takes for the capacitor voltage to reach +2/3 Vcc

Page 2 of 3
In other words, the RC time constant controls the width of the output pulse.
The time during which the timer output remains high is given as
t p = 1.0986 R A C where RA is in ohm and C is in farads.

The above relation is' derived as below.

Voltage across the capacitor at any instant during charging period is given as
𝑡
−
𝑣𝑐 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 1 − 𝑒 𝑅𝐴 𝐶

2
Substituting vc = 3 VCC in above equation we get the time taken by the capacitor to charge from 0
2
to + VCC
3
−𝑖
2
So, V = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 (1 − 𝑒 𝑅 𝐴 𝐶 )
3 CC

or, t = R A C log 𝑒 3 = 1.0986 RAC

so pulse width tp=1.0986 RAC ≅ 1.1RAC

The pulse width of the circuit may range from microseconds to many seconds. This circuit is
widely used in industry for many different timing applications.

Page 3 of 3

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