Exercise 13.1.

1. Using L Hospital's rule, evaluate the following:

lim x3 - 8
a)
x0 x2 - 4
lim x3 - 8 form 0
Soln:
x  2 x2 - 4  0
lim 3x2 lim 3x 2 3×2
= = = =3.
x  2 2x x  2 2x 2
lim x4 - 3x3 + 2
b)
x 1 2x3 - 5x2 + 3x
lim x4 - 3x3 + 2  0
Soln: form 
x  1 2x3 - 5x2 + 3x  0
lim 4x3 - 9x2 4-9 -5
= = = = 5.
x  1 6x2 - 10x + 3 6 - 10 +3 -1
lim ex - x - 1
c)
x0 x2
lim ex - x - 1  0 lim ex - 1  0
Soln: form  = form 
x0 x2  0 x  0 2x  0

lim e x 1
= =
x0 2 2
lim ex + e-x - 2cosx
d)
x0 sin2x
lim ex + e-x - 2cosx form 0
Soln:
x0 sin2x  0
lim ex + e-x (-1) + 2sinx  0
=
x0 2sinx cosx form 0
lim ex - e-x (-1) + 2cosx
=
x  0 2{sin(-sinx) + cosx. cosx}
lim ex + e-x + 2cosx
=
x  0 2(cos2x - sin2x)
e0 + e0 + 2cos0 1 +1 + 2
= = = 2.
2(cos20 - sin20) 2(1 - 0)

Application of Derivatives
*232*Solution Manual to Basic Mathematics

lim 1 - 2x + x2
e)
x 1 1 + logx - x
lim 1-2x + x2 form 0
Soln:
x  1 1 + logx - x  0
lim -2 + 2x form 0
=
x1 1  0
-1
x
lim 2
= = -2.
x  1 -1
2
x
lim tan ax
f)
x0 tan bx
lim tan ax form 0
Soln:
x  0 tan bx  0
lim a sec2 ax a
= = .
x  0 b sec2 bx b
lim x2 - sin2x
g)
x0 x sin x
lim x2 - sin2x form 0
Soln:
x  0 x sinx  0
lim 2x - 2sinx cosx form 0
=
x  0 xcosx + sinx  0
lim 2 - 2{sinx (-sinx) + cosx cosx}
=
x0 x (-sinx) + cosx + sinx
lim 2 -2 (cos2x - sin2x)
=
x  0 -x sinx + cosx + sinx
2 -2 (1 - 0) 0
= = = 0.
0+1+0 1
lim tanx - x
h)
x0 x - sinx
lim tan x - x form 0
Soln:
x  0 x - sinx  0
lim sec2 x - 1  0
= form 
x  0 1 - cosx  0
lim 2secx . secx tanx
=
x0 -(-sinx)
lim 2sec2x . tanx
=
x0 sinx
sinx
2sec2x
lim cosx
=
x0 sinx
lim
= 2sec3x = 2.
x0

Calculus
 Application of Derivatives*233*

lim x - sin x cos x

i)
x0 x3
lim x - sinx cosx form 0
Soln:
x0 x3  0
lim 1 - sinx (-sinx) + cosx cosx
=
x0 3x2
lim 1 - (cos2x - sin2x) form 0
=
x0 3x2  0
lim 1 + sin2x - cos2x form 0
=
x0 3x2  0
lim 2sinx cosx - 2cosx(-sinx) lim 2sinx cosx + 2sinx cosx
= =
x0 6x x0 6x
lim 2sin2x lim sin2x  0
= = form 
x  0 6x x  0 3x  0
lim 2cos2x 2
= = .
x0 3 3
lim (ex - 1) tanx
j)
x0 x2
lim (ex - 1) tanx form 0
Soln:
x0 x2  0
lim ex sec2x + tanx ex - sec2x form 0
=
x0 2x  0
lim ex 2secxsecxtanx + sec2xex + exsec2x + extanx - 2secxsecxtanx 0 + 1 +1 + 0 - 0
= = = 1.
x0 2x 2
2. Find the limiting values of the following (Use L’ Hospital's rule)
lim 2x2 + 3x
a)
x 1 + 5x2
lim 2x2 + 3x form 
Soln:
x  1 + 5x2  
lim 4x + 3 form 
=
x  10x  
lim 4 2
= = .
x  10 5
lim 3x2 - 5
b) 3
x 2x + 4x + 3
lim 3x2 - 5 form 
Soln: 3
x  2x + 4x + 3  
lim 6x form 
=
x  6x2 + 4  
lim 6 lim 1 6
= = = 0.
x  12x x  x 12

Application of Derivatives
*234*Solution Manual to Basic Mathematics

lim
sec7x
c) 
x sec 5x
2
lim
sec7x form 
Soln: 
x sec 5x
2  

lim
cos 5x form 0
= 
x cos 7x
2
 0

lim
-sin 5x . 5
= 
x - sin 7x. 7
2

sin5
 2 . 5 5 -5
= = = .
 -7 7
sin7  .7
 2

lim log sinx

d)
x0 cotx
lim log sinx form 
Soln:
x  0 cot x  
cosx
lim sinx lim -cosx
= =
x  0 - cosec2x x  0 cosecx
lim
= (sinx cosx)= sin0 × cos0 = 0.
x0

lim logx
e)
x0 log cot x
lim log x form 
Soln:
x  0 log costx  
1
lim x
=
x0 1
(-cosec2x)
cotx
lim 1  -cotx 
=
x  0 x  cosec2x
lim cosx sin2x
= -
x  0 sinx x
lim sin2x  0
= - form 
x  0 2x  0
lim 2cos2x
= -
x0 2
= cos 2.0 = 1

Calculus
 Application of Derivatives*235*

lim x4
f)
x ex
lim x4 form 
Soln:
x ex  

Applying L - Hospital rule until is vanished

lim 4x3  
= form 
x ex  
lim 12x2 form 
=
x ex  
lim 24x  
= form 
x ex  
lim 24 1
= = 24 ×  = 24 × 0 = 0.
x ex e
lim
tan5x
g) 
x tanx
2
lim
tan5x form 
Soln: 
x  tanx
2  
lim
5sec25x form 
= 
x sec2x  
2
lim
2cos2x form 0
= 
x  cos 5x
2
2
 0
lim
-10 cosx sinx form 0
= 
x  -2cos5x sin5x. 5  0
2
lim
sin2x form 0
= 
x  sin10x
2
 0
lim
2cos2x
= 
x  10 cos10x
2
2(-1) 1
= = .
10(-1) 5

Hint and solution of MCQ's

1. Since  +  = , is not the indeterminate form.
2. From L Hospital's rule
lim
f '(x)
lim f (x) x a f '(a)
= =
x a g(x) lim g'(a)
g' (x)
xa
3. From L Hospital's rule
lim f '
exists if both (a) and (b) satisfies
x  c g'

Application of Derivatives
*236*Solution Manual to Basic Mathematics

4. Using L Hospital's rule

lim x2  0 lim 2x 2.0
from  = = =0
x  0 4sinx  0 x  0 4cosx 4cos0
lim tanx  0 lim
5. from  = sec2x = sec20 = 1
x0 x  0 x0
lim e3x – 1  0 lim 3. e3x 3. e0 3
6. from  = = =
x  0 2x  0 x0 2 2 2
lim x – sinx  0 lim 1 – cosx  0
7. from = from 
x  0 sin–2x  0 x  0 2sinx cosx  0
lim sinx sin0
= = =0
x  0 2cos2x 2.cos0
lim
8. x2 e–x (form 0 × 1) = 0 × eo = 0
x 0
x x 1
lim xe x  log(1  x )  0 lim xe  e  1  x
9.
x0 sin 2 x from 0 = x  0 2 sin x cos x
x 1
lim e ( x  1)  1  x  0
= from 
x0 sin 2 x  0
1
e x .1  ( x  1)e x 
=
lim 1  x 2 from 0 
x0 2 cos 2x  0
1
e 0  (0  1)e 0 
=
1  02 =
111 3

2 cos 0 2 2
lim lim
tan x   cos2x  0
10. 1 form  = 1 from 
x  sec x 
2
  x  cot x  0
2 2
lim
= 1 cos x. sinx
x
2
1 1
= cos. × sin.
2 2
=0×1=0
lim a sinx –  tanx  0
11.
x0 x2 from 0
lim a cos x   sec 2 x 0
= will take the from  , and hence limit is finite only if a = π
x0 2x  0
lim x sin –  sinx  0
12.
x  –x from 0
Using L' Hospital rule
lim sin  –  cosx
= [ is constant]
x  –1
sin  –  cos
= =  cos – sin
–1

Calculus
 Application of Derivatives*237*

lim x2  
13. form 
x  ex/2  
lim 2x
=
x  1 x/2
.e
2
lim 4x  
= form 
x  ex/2  
lim 4 4 4
= = = =0
x  1 x/2 1  
e .e
2 2
lim 1 – coskx lim k2 coskx
14. =8  =8
x0 x2 x0 2
lim k sinkx k2. cos0
 =8  =8
x  0 2x 2
 k2 = 16
 k=4

Exercise 13.2.
x2
1. Compute y, dy and y - dy when y = + 3x, x = 2 and dx = 0.5
2
x2
Soln: We have, y = + 3x, x = 2 and dx = 0.5
2
2x
dy = f’(x)dx = 

 2 + 3 dx = (x + 3)dx = (2 + 3) × 0.5 = 2.5.
 y = f(x + x) – f(x)
2 2
= (x + x) + 3(x + x) - x + 3x
 2  2 
1
= [(x + x)2 - x2) + 3x
2
1
= [(2 + 0.5)2 - 22] + 3 × 0.5
2
1 2.25
= [6.25 - 4] + 1.5 = + 1.5 = 2.625.
2 2
 y - dy = 2.625 - 2.5 = 0.125.
2. Find an approximate change in the volume of a cube of side x m, caused by increasing the
sides by 1%. What is the percentage increment in the volume ?
Soln: Suppose that v be the volume of the cube  v = x3.......(i)
1 x
dx = 1% of x = x × = = 0.01x = x
100 100
 Increment in volume = (x + 0.01x)3 - x3 = (1.01x)3 - x3= 1.030301x3
0.03x3
 Percentage increment in volume = × 100 = 3%.
x3

Application of Derivatives