Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 237 views

    Confounding

    Uploaded by

    Saad Murtaza Khan
    Confounding variables are uncontrolled or unaccounted for variables that can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and lead researchers to draw incorrect conclusions. For example, a study on the relationship between drinking and life expectancy may find that heavy drinkers die younger but fail to control for other factors like smoking or diet that also influence longevity. Minimizing the effects of confounding variables requires careful experimental design, controls, and peer review to eliminate potential third variables and ensure any relationships found are causal rather than just correlational.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Confounding

    Uploaded by

    Saad Murtaza Khan
    237 views2 pages
    Confounding variables are uncontrolled or unaccounted for variables that can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and lead researchers to draw incorrect conclusions. For example, a study on the relationship between drinking and life expectancy may find that heavy drinkers die younger but fail to control for other factors like smoking or diet that also influence longevity. Minimizing the effects of confounding variables requires careful experimental design, controls, and peer review to eliminate potential third variables and ensure any relationships found are causal rather than just correlational.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Confounding variables are uncontrolled or unaccounted for variables that can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and lead researchers to draw incorrect conclusions. For example, a study on the relationship between drinking and life expectancy may find that heavy drinkers die younger but fail to control for other factors like smoking or diet that also influence longevity. Minimizing the effects of confounding variables requires careful experimental design, controls, and peer review to eliminate potential third variables and ensure any relationships found are causal rather than just correlational.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    237 views2 pages

    Confounding

    Uploaded by

    Saad Murtaza Khan
    Confounding variables are uncontrolled or unaccounted for variables that can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and lead researchers to draw incorrect conclusions. For example, a study on the relationship between drinking and life expectancy may find that heavy drinkers die younger but fail to control for other factors like smoking or diet that also influence longevity. Minimizing the effects of confounding variables requires careful experimental design, controls, and peer review to eliminate potential third variables and ensure any relationships found are causal rather than just correlational.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    CONFOUNDING VARIABLES

    Confounding variables are variables that the researcher failed to control, or eliminate, damaging the internal validity of an experiment.

    A confounding variable, also known as a third variable or a mediator variable, can adversely affect the relation between the independent variable and dependent variable. This may cause the researcher to analyze the results incorrectly. The results may show a false correlation between the dependent and independent variables, leading to an incorrect rejection of the null hypothesis.

    THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY CONFOUNDING VARIABLES


    For example, a research group might design a study to determine if heavy drinkers die at a younger age. They proceed to design a study, and set about gathering data. Their results, and a battery of statistical tests, indeed show that people who drink excessively are likely to die younger. Unfortunately, when the researchers do a crosscheck with their peers, the results are ripped apart, because their peers live just as long - maybe there is another factor, not measured, that influences both drinking and living age? The weakness in the experimental design was that they failed to take into account the confounding variables, and did not try to eliminate or control any other factors. For example, it is quite possible that the heaviest drinkers hailed from a different background or social group. Heavy drinkers may be more likely to smoke, or eat junk food, all of which could be factors in reducing longevity. A third variable may have adversely influenced the results.

    MINIMIZING THE EFFECTS OF CONFOUNDING VARIABLES


    (In many fields of science, it is difficult to remove entirely all of the variables, especially outside the controlled conditions of a lab.) A well-planned experimental design, and constant checks, will filter out the worst confounding variables. For example, randomizing groups, utilizing strict controls, and sound operationalization practice all contribute to eliminating potential third variables. After a research, when the results are discussed and assessed, by a group of peers, this is the area that stimulates the most heated debate. When you read stories of different foods making you die young, or hear claims about the next super-food, assess these findings carefully. Many media outlets jump upon sensational results, but never pay any regard to the possibility of confounding variables.

    CORRELATION AND CAUSATION


    The principle is closely related to the problem of correlation and causation. For example, a scientist performs statistical tests, sees a correlation and incorrectly announces that there is a causal link between two variables. Constant monitoring, before, during and after an experiment, is the only way to ensure that any confounding variables are eliminated. Statistical tests, whilst excellent for detecting correlations, can be almost too accurate. Human judgment is always needed to eliminate any underlying problems, ensuring that researchers do not jump to conclusions.

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy