4 neoafoa.

u
f,kdâ jq,a*a ^1880 - 1969&

isxy, ck Ôú;h .ek bx.S%is NdIdfjka ,shejqKq

Village in the Jungle kï iqúfYaI kjl;dfõ
l;=jrhd f,kdâ jq,a*a uy;d h'

1880 j¾Ifha fkdjeïn¾ ui 25 jeks Èk ,kavkfha

flkaisgka ^Kensington) kqjr" orejka oi fokl=f.
ka hq;= mjq,l ;=kajekshd j f,kdâ isâks jq,a*a
orejd Wm; ,eî h' ,kavkays Ydka; mdjq¨ úµd,h"
flaïì%Êys á%ksá úµd,h hk úµd,j,ska uQ,sl
wOHdmkh ,o Tyq 1902 j¾Ifha § Wmdêh ysñ lr
.;af;a h' 1904 Tlaf;dan¾ ui ,xldjg meñKs jq,a*a
uy;d uq,ska u hdmkh m%foaYfha isú,a ks,Odßhl=
f,i ish rdcldßh wdrïN lf<a h' wk;=re j kqjr m%foaYfha o rdcldß l<
t;=ud 1908 § wdKavqfõ iyldr tacka;jrhd f,i ol=Kq m<df;a rdcldß Ndr
.;af;a h' jq,a*a uy;df.a md,k Èia;s%lalh jQfha yïnkaf;dghs' ;u fiajd ld,h
;=< § ,;a woa±lSï /ila fmdÈ ne`of.k 1911 § t;=ud kej; tx.,ka;hg .sfha
h' 1912 § zweâ,ska j¾ðkshd iafg*kaZ ^Adline Virginia Stephen) fufkúh iu.
újdy úh' jq,a*a uy;d ,xldfõ § ;ud ,;a w;a±lSï mdol lr f.k 1913 § wmQre
kjl;djla ,sõfõ h' ta zúf,aÊ bka o cx.,aZ ^Village in the Jungle) kï lD;shhs'

1960 § kej; YS% ,xldjg meñKs jq,a*a uy;d furg jeishka úiska WKqiqï
f,i ms<s.kq ,eîu;a Tjqkag t;rï ld,hla ;ud .ek u;l ;sîu;a ms<sn`oj
mqÿuhg m;a jk nj mjid we;' Tyq 1969 wf.daia;= ui 14 jeks Èk tx.,ka;fha
zfrdâfu,aysZ § ^Rodmell) fuf,dúka iuq .;af;a h' 'Monk's house' kï ia:dkfha
t;=ud fjkqfjka ;ekqKq f,dalv iaudrlh fjhs'

f,kdâ jq,a*a uy;dg yïnkaf;dg m%foaYfha Ôj;a fjñka tys úiQ .eñhdf.a is;=ï
me;=ï yd p¾hd rgdj ukd j wOHhkh lr we;' ÿmam;a wysxil wirK .eñhdf.a
ÿ#Å; Ndjh yd l+fgdaml%uj,g yiq ù l%ufhka úkdY jk Tjqkaf.a Ôú; is,s÷ yd
Tyqf.a mjq, weiqfrka m%;sks¾udKh lrkakg .;a W;aidyhla f,i Village in the
Jungle lD;sh ye¢kaúh yels h' jfrl iqkaor j Èia jk uy jkh ksrka;rfhka u
ìhlre nj u /f`ok wuq;= u ;ekla f,i tu kjl;dfjka fy<sorõ flf¾'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 43
 fuu kjl;dj zneoafoa.uZ kñka isxy,hg wkqj¾;kh lf<a" m%ùK .;a l;=jrhl= jQ
ta' mS' .=Kr;ak uy;d h' uq,a lD;sfhys Ôjh r`ojd .kakg iu;a ùu ksid wmg
zneoafoa.uZ fnfyúka ióm f,i riú¢kakg yelshdj ,eî ;sfí'

zneoafoa.uZ jeks jQ jk.; mßirh miqìï lr .;a ;j;a l;d /ila isxy,hg
k.d isxy, mdGlhd w;r ckms%h jQ .==Kr;ak uy;d" pQ fpx tka úiska rÑ;
'The Monkey' kue;s .%ka:h zjdkrhdZ kñka o wd¾' t,a' iamsÜ,a úiska rÑ; 'Savage
Sanctuary' kï .%ka:h zjk irKZ kñka o" 'Vanished Trails' kue;s .%ka:h zuelS
.sh ovuxZ kñka o zWhere the white Sambhur roams Z .%ka:h ziqÿ f.dakdZ kñka
o mßj¾;kh lf<a h'

is,s÷ ish fidfydhqßh jk l¾,skdydñ o yskaksydñ" mqxÑueKsld hk ÈhKshka o

iu. neoafoa.u kue;s .fuys fjfik ovhlalrefjls' tla ÈhKshl jk yskaksydñ"
.ïuqkaf.a ñ:Hd úYajdihla fya;=fjka urKhg f.dÿre jk w;r mqxÑueKsld .fï
wdrÉÑf.a uiaiskd jk nnqka iu. újdy fjhs' tu újdyhg wdrÉÑf.a mjqf,a wh
úreoaO fj;s' ta w;r;=r .ug tk m%kdkaÿ kue;s fjf<kaod" mqxÑueKsld ish
jiÕhg .ekSug W;aidy lrhs' ish m%h;akh wid¾:l jQ ;ek wdrÉÑ iu. tla j
nnqka fndre kvqjl mg,jd isr f.hg heùug Tyq lghq;= lrhs' fï ish,af,ka
lïmkhg m;a jk is,s÷" wdrÉÑg iy m%kdkaÿ uqo,d,sg fjä ;nd >d;kh lr
uq,d±kSkag Ndr fjhs' tys § Tyqg Ôú;dka;h olajd isr o~qjï kshu fjhs' fuys
we;=<;a jk kufjks mßÉfþoh neoafoa.u kjl;dfõ B<Õ wÈhrhs'

neoafoa.u
kjfjks mßÉfþoh
.fï meje;ajqK ufyia;%d;a úNd.fha È mqxÑue‚ld o" tys isá kuq;a fmd,sia
Nghd iu. hoa§ l;d l<dg miq is,s÷ yd l;d lsÍug wjirhla wEg fkd ,eì‚'
ufyia;%d;a;=ud;a Èid uy;auhd;a isrlrejd;a miqj od ysñÈßfha u lUqremsáh n,d
msg;a j f.dia isá fyhska mqxÑue‚ld yd .ïuq wjÈ jk úg neoafoa.u mqreÿ ksÈnr
WodiSk iajNdjh u biq¿jd h' is,s÷f.a wKg lSlrej mq¿jka Wml%uhlska nnqka
wdmiq tk;=re l¾,skdydñ;a iu. f.or n,d isákjd úkd mqxÑue‚ld úiska l<
yels wka lsisjla fkd ù h' nnqka isr f.g kshu ùu;a wef.a mshd wEg ke;s ùu;a"
mshdf.a brKu ms<sn|j wef.a isf;a mej;s ìh;a ks;r wef.a ÿl yd fodïki o
ÈhqKq flf<a h' ;udf.a wkd.;h ms<sn| ìhla o wE ;=< mek ke. tkag jks' Ôj;a
jk l%uhla" Bg ms<sfj< fhdod .ekSfï Wml%uhla wEg is;d .ekSu mjd W.yg
jQjls' nnqka wdmiq .ug meñfKk ;=re udi yhla .; lrkafka flfia o hkak
kshu jYfhka wEg is;d .; fkd yels úh' mqxÑue‚ldg yd l¾,skdydñg;a fõ,la
44 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
wer fõ,la ld udi yhla .; lr .ekSug iEfyk ;rï OdkHhla j;a f.hs b;sß
ù fkd;snqfKa h' ;ud bÈßfhys ueù ;=nqK Nh ckl wúksYaÑ; w÷re wkd.;h
úiska wE fkdikaiqka njg m;a lrk ,oa§ h' fuh wEg we;s jQ ;j;a wuq;= ìhls'
fujeks lreKq lSmhlska ìhg m;a jQ mqxÑue‚ld ojfika jeä ld,hla .; lf<a
fï ìhlre is;sú,sj, meg,S f.hs msf,a ys| kslgg w; ;nd.;a .uka h' l=vd l,
is,s÷ lS jkfhys ux uq<d jQ ovhlaldrhskaf.a l;d wEg isys úh' Tjqka tod ìhjkag
we;af;a o wo ;udg we;s ù ;sfnk ìh jeks ìhlskehs wEg is;sK' tod Tjqka fuka
wo ;ud o uy jk ueo ;ks ù isák nj;a tod Tjqkag fuka u wo ;udg o u. jer§
;sfnk ieá;a wE ÿgqjd h' tfyhska oeka wEg o fldhs u.l .sh;a tl h'
oeka l¾,skdydñf.a jhi wjqreÿ mKyla muK fjhs' le,Eno .ul .eyekshlg
úfYaIfhka jekaoUq .eyekshlg- wjqreÿ mKy f,dl= jhils' Ôú;fha wjidk
Nd.lg fndfyda <x jQ jhils' wõj yd iq<Õ;a fjfyi;a nv.skak;a f,v ÿl;a
YÍr Yla;sh fuka u udkisl Yla;sh o Wrd fndhs' wef.a iu weghg we,S /,s jeà
.sfha h' <eu úhe<S f.disk' fï .ïj, .eyekshla wjqreÿ ;sy y;<sy jk úg;a
ueye,a,ls' fuys lsisu ñksfyla fyda .eyekshla fyda mrudhqI je<£fuys iu;a
fkd fõ' l¾,skdydñf.a jhi wiQjg jvd wkQjg lsÜgq o lsh lshd fyda wkQjg jvd
ishhg lsÜgq o lshd fyda lSu W.yg ù h' wE t;rï uy¨ h' le,E Ôú;fhys ,l=Kq
wef.a YÍrfhys we£ ;snqfKa h' ksß; È. ;o iq<Õg weUrù wegqjka neyS .sh .yla
fuka wef.a YÍrh o keó weUÍ ;sìK' uqyqfKa;a isyska j .sh w;amdj,;a iu .il
fmd;a;la fuka f.dryeä j /,s jeà weghg we,S .sfha h' l=Uqla jeks .iaj, msg
fmd;a; ;ekska ;ek b.s,S iqÿj hkakdla fuka wef.a ifï o ;ekska ;ek ÿUqrejka
iqÿ mq,a,s ke.S ;sìK' lïuq,aj, ui Èh ù iu wels<S f.disks' o;a ke;s lg we;=<g
jeÿKq fof;d, kdihg háka fmkqfKa fl<j,ska f;uqKq f¾Ldjla f,isks'
wm%d‚l mg, iys; fofk; /,s jegqK k<,a ;,hg háka ish .Kka /,s w;r
.s,S ;sìK' fofk; wkaOj fkd ;snqK kuq;a fmkSula ke;s fia th ue, ù f.disks'
is; ue, ù hdu ksid h' YÍrhg fmr is; ke;s ù hdu idudkHfhka le,Eno
.ïj, .eyekqka w;r nyq, j olskakg ,efnk O¾u;djls' tAldldr Ôú;h;a" ±ä
WKqiqï jd;h iu. fl<jrla ke;s .iq;a" fl<jrla ke;s lïlfgd¨;a yuqfõ
Tjqkaf.a fÉ;kd Yla;sh;a" l,amkd Yla;sh;a" fõokd Yla;sh;a ú,Sk j ñh hkafka
h' fuh isÿjkafka" fyd| foaY.=Khka we;s rgl msßñka msßmqka jQ o .Ekqka orejka
Wiq,kakd jQ o jhil h' msßñ fï wjia:dfõ isáh § mjd fyakaj, l=vd le,h
t<s lr §u" OdkH jemsÍu jeks jevg Woõjg h;s' tfy;a Tjqka tA jev lrkafka
wdidjlska fyda isyshlska fkdfõ' .j uysid§ka fyda hka;%iQ;%dÈhla l%shd lrkakdla
fyda fuks' Tjqyq tjeks lghq;a;l fh§ isg th wjika j wdmiq f.or wd úg ñÿ,g
ù w÷re fofk;a úoyd ysia ne,afuka n,d .;a w; n,d f.k w;la mhla fkd
fid,ajd meh .Kka tl ;eklg ù ys¢;s' fï w;r Tjqka mj;ajk tl u bßhõj
kï isyska È. w;la n| jg hjd j÷rl= fuka msg leiSula muKls' .eyekq o l<
/f.k Èh f.k tAug uv iys; Èh j<j,a lrd h;s' f.j, wdydr msi fo;s' fl<ska
láka isákakg mq¿jkalu ;sfnk ;=re Tjqyq ;ukaf.a fldgi bgq l< hq;a;dyq h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 45
 ks;r mdfya ;udg u hï foa fld÷rd .kakd Tjqyq lEu l;s" ksod .sks;s' lsisjl=
iu. l;d fkd lr;s' tfia u wka yeu fokd o Wka yd l;d fkd lr;s' Wka Ôj;a
jkqfha fõokdj mjd fyd|yeá fkd oefkk Ôú;fha ikaOHd fiahdfõ h'

l¾,skdydñ o fï ikaOHd fiahdjg blaukska jeà .;a;S h' jkfhys jeãu;a

msßySu;a tlfia fõ.j;a h' is,s÷g yd nnqkag;a úreoaOj kvq úNd.h fyda wdrÉÑ;a
m%kdkaÿ;a ueÍu fyda is,s÷f.a ke;s ùu fyda t;rï wef.a ie,ls,a,g Ndck fkd ù
h' úm;a;s .Kkdjla u isÿ ù.k hk nj isyskhlska fuka wEg fmkS .sh kuq;a"
lreKq jYfhka tAjd i,ld .ekSug wef.a mg, iys; fud<h Yla;su;a jQfha ke;s'
wE flf<a ;udg u f;d,a u;=rd .ksñka isß;a mßÈ-bùï msiSïj,g jefjka Èh
f.kjq;a §u h' wE mqxÑue‚ld iu. l;d fkdl<d h' wE yd l;d lsÍu fyda hï
hï foa wef.ka úpdÍu ksIAM, jevla nj fyd| yeá oek.;a mqxÑue‚ld o l¾,skd
iu. lsisjla fkd fovqjd h'
is,s÷ urŒh oKavkhg m;a lsÍfuka udihlg miq m<uq mej;s iajdNdúl ;;a;ajhg
.u meñ‚ nj neÆ ne,aug fmksK' we;a; jYfhka tys we;s j ;=nqfKa f,dl= u
fjkils' th l=vd .uls-l%ufhka msßyS f.dia wjáka f;rmd f.k tk uy neoaog
n;a ù hk jk.; l=vd .ïj,ska tlls' tl myrlg tl ojilska tys ;=nqKq
f.j,a yfhka tlla ke;s úh' úismia fofkla jQ msßfika y;a fofkla u ke;s
jQy' wdrÉÑrd<f.a urKfhka miqj wdrÉÑ ydñfka-kekafpdydñ-.u yer hkag
;SrKh lr .;a;d h' fyaka jev lsÍug ;rï fkd jevqKq orejka iu. ;j bÈßhg;a
neoafoa.u jdih lsÍug wEg ms<sirKhla ke;' wdrÉÑf.a kEoEhka mÈxÑ j bkakd
fldgf.dv kï fyd|g ù l=Uqre yd fmd,a j;= we;s" wjqreÿ m;d fyd| yeá jeiai
mj;sk iemj;a .uls' ;udg fldgf.dv kEoEhkaf.ka bvï lE,a,la ,nd .; yels
nj;a tys§ ¥ orejkag ysr yso,ka .ekSu jvd fyd¢ka lr .; yels nj;a wE oek
isáhd h' wdrÉÑ udhshd yeu Þu;a lSfõ fï .u lsis l,l lsis flfkl=g j.;=jla
fkdjk idm ,;a .ula nj h' wE fldarf<a uy;auhdf.ka ;djld,sl j b,a,d .;a
lr;a;hl ;ud i;= nvq uqÜgq ál;a mgjd f.k <ud <mákq;a legqj fldgf.dv
n,d msg;a jQjd h' wdrÉÑf.a f.hs jdih lrkag flkl= fkdjQfhka th le,hg
weßK' wm, f.k fok wiqn ksñ;s we;af;a hhs o wj;dr wäfldavj,ska msrefKa
hhs o m%isoaO j .sh fï f.hs jdihg tAug ;rï ieyeis jQ lsisfjla .fï fkd jQy'
fï f.h jkhg úreoaO j È. igkl fh§ isák fia fmksK' uq,ska u jeg woaor
l=vd .ia yd m÷re >kj jeã jeg hg lr .;af;a h' fojkq j w¿ meye;s fld< yd
oï meye;s u,a we;s jrd m÷re yd udkd m÷re o" È. ;shqKq lgq we;s mf;dla m÷re
o jeg woaoßka ßx.d wjq;a ñÿ,g;a f.hs ì;a;sj,g yd fodrlvg;a <x úh' wdrÉÑ
f.or ì;a;s iod ;snqfKa .fï wksla f.j, ì;a;sj,g jvd .klug;a Yla;shg;a
h' Bidk È.ska tk ;o iq<Õg .id f.k hkag fmd,a w;= tys fkd ù h' jy<g W¿
fiú,s lr ;snqK fyhsks' Bidk È. iq<Õ yd jeiai o wjqreÿ folla ;siafia W;aidy
fldg;a f.hs ueá ì;a;sj, iúh uev,kakg iu;a fkd ù h' ì;a;sj, ;ekska ;ek
ueá weo jeàfuka jßÉÑ fldagq f;;a iq<Õg wiqùu ksid bka uq,a weo o¨ ,sh,d
46 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
ßls,s ,d jefvkakg jk' l=re,a,ka f.kjq;a oeuqjd jQ o iq<Õska .id.k wdjd jQ o
weg ksid f.hs jyf,a W¿ w;r f,dl= l=vd m÷re yefokakg mgka .;s' f,dl= o¿la
m÷rla jy, u; jeà W¿ tyd fuyd lrñka uq,a weÿfKa h' ì;a;s w;r le,h jeã
f.h Tnd .;af;ka ì;a;s ì| jeà jy, ìug md;aúh' l=vd r;= W¿ f.dv ;K yd
j,a m÷rej,ska jid .;af;a h' ì;a;sj, jßÉÑ fldagq úYd, m÷re njg jevqfKa h'
f,dl= .ia o u;=jkag mgka .;s' ;=ka fjks jeiai wjidkfha § uq¿ j;af;a;a f.hs;a
le,fha;a fjkila fkdmE h'
wdrÉÑf.a f.h le,hg hdu le,h .u ueog lvd mekSula fuka ù' óg fmr
le,hg yerefKa .fï tA fï fl<jrj, ;=nqK f.j,a jQ fyhska .u le,h ueog
ßx.d tAula thska jQfha ke;s' jQfha álska ál .ug yd;amiska .u l=vd ùu muKls'
tfy;a wdrÉÑf.a f.org le,h lvd je§fuka jQfha .u follg fn§ hdu h'
is,s÷f.a yd nia;shka wmamqf.a o f.j,a fol .fï wksla f.j,ska fjka jQ nj ÿgq
.ïuq ;uka Ôj;a jkafka úkdY fõ.k hk .ul nj f;areï .;ay' fï kekafpdydñ
l,a ;shd lSjls' zfï .u oeka fyd,auka wäfldav msreKq hl=ka wrla .;a ld,lKaks
.uls' <uhska yd uy,a,ka o keiS hkakdla fuka .u;a oeka keiS hhs' tys ±ka <uhs
kQmÈ;a' wjqreÿ oyhlska uq¿ .u u w,skag hkjdg lsis u ielhla ke;Z hkq wef.a
yeÕSu ù h'
flfia jqj;a" .u úkdY uqLfhys h hk yeÕSu .ug;a .ïuqkag;a oekqfKa b;d
fyñks" álska ál h' uq,ska u" ñkS ueÍï kvq úNd. l,n, u. yeÍ .sh úg .u
kej;;a fmr mqreÿ ;;a;ajhg jegqKd fia fmkS .sfha h' fjord< .fï wdrÉÑ
yeáhg m;alr .kakd ,§' mqxÑue‚ld" nnqka tk;=re u. n,d isáhd h' .; jk
ojia .Kk wEg .Kka .; fkd yels úh' wE tA .ek W;aidyhla o fkd l<d h'
i;shla wEg .Kkla muKls' yh udihla udi .Kkls' tfy;a ld,h f.ù hk
ieá n,ñka wE isáfha nnqka tkafka ljod oe hs fmru. n,d f.k h' is,s÷ t,a,d
urkq fkd ,enQ nj;a tA fjkqjg Ôú;dka;h olajd nkaOkd.drhg kshu l< nj;a
fï w;r wEg wikag ,enqŒ' tfy;a bka wEg iekis,a,la fkdie,iqfKa h' wef.a
Ôú;fhka is,s÷ iyuq,ska u fjka ù f.disks' ;j;a Tyqf.a oelSula o n,dfmdfrd;a;=
úh fkd yels h' tfyhska Tyq u<;a isr f.or Ôú;dka;h olajd isáh;a wEg tys
wuq;a;la ke;'
mqxÑue‚ld udihla mdid nnqkaf.a Bu n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isáhd h' fkd lv
n,dfmdfrd;a;=j ksid wE ;=< ;=nqK ìh l%ufhka ;=kS j hkag jk' ;udf.a;a
l¾,skdydñf.a;a Ôj;a ùu i|yd wE úiska fndfyda jev o l< hq;= úh' ìiafia
;=nqK l=rlalka ál blaukska u bjrj .sh fyhska lE yels fld< j¾. w,
j¾. yd m,;=re o fiùug wE jkhg .shd h' fyaka jdrhg wkqkaf.a fyakaj,
nia;shka wmamqf.a" nd,mamqf.a yd mqxÑrd<f.a fyakaj, mjd wE jev l<d h' mska ;ld
wehg ÿka l=rlalka wyqre lSmhlg wE fndfyda fjfyi ù jev l< hq;= jQjd h'
mqxÑue‚ldf.a l,n, ke;s .;sh;a" idka; nj yd hg;a my;a .;sh;a ksid ljqre;a
wE m%sh l< y' mqxÑrd< mjd lSfõ zmqxÑue‚ld uqje;a;shla jdf. hsZ lshd h' msiaiq
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 47
 jeoaod fldáfhle hs lshkakg mqreÿ ù isá .ïuq mqxÑue‚ld .ek lSfõ" fldáhf.
meáhd uqfjla fj,d lshd h'
l%ufhka udi .Kkla .; ù .shdg miq mqxÑue‚ld oji mgka .kakg mqreÿ jQfha
wo nnqka f.or ths hk n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjks' B<Õg nnqka fkd meñŒ u oji f.ù
.sh nj ÿgq wE ienúka u udi yhla .; jQfha oe hs ±k .kag W;aidy l<d h' wksla
.ïuqkaf.ka wE tA .ek úuiQ úg Wkaf.ka iuyr flfkla nnqka isrhg f.dia
mia udihle hs lSy' ;j;a iuyr flfkla y;a udihle hs o lSy' tlsfkld iu.
l,y lrñka lE flda .iñka udi .Kk yßhg ;SrKh lr .ekSug ish,af,dau
W;aidy l<y' nnqka ysrhg .sfha isxy, wjqreoaog udi follg fmr h hs lS l,
udi follg fkd j tl udihlg fmrh hs wksflla lSh' zudfilg l,ska fjkav
nE-fudlo" ;j keye fyaka lemqfj" jemqrejd ú;rlafk oeka' kE" kE" kE" ;=ka
udfilg l,ska fjkav ´kE' fudavhd ;=kaudihla@ fudlo l=rlalka wkQ od ù
jf.a o@ fudavhd@ ljqo okafka kE fudavhd"Z zlg jymkaæ lg jymkaæ fldfydug;a
nnqka .sfha wjqreoaog biair fj,d' wjqreoao myqfj,;a oeka udi yhla fjkjdZ z
uf.a fyak jmqr,d oeka yßhg udih hs' ljqre;a wy,d ;sfhkj o wjqreoao myqfj,d
udi myla .syska fyakla jmqrk njla@ wjqreÿ myqfj,d ;j udi ;=klg jeäfh
keye'Z
mqxÑue‚ld fï nyq l;dj,g lka § meh .Kka isg yekaoEjg lUqremsáh foig
jeà we;s mdr Èf.a álla ÿr hhs' wE tfia hkafka u. § nnqka yuq fõ h hk iaÒr
n,dfmdfrd;a;=j we;sj h' is,s÷ lSjdla fuka nnqkaf.a meñŒfuka miq ish¨ u
lror bjr ù Tlafldu fyd| fjhs hk n,dfmdfrd;a;=j we;sj h' tfy;a nnqka
fkd meñŒ u ojia .;jkag .;jkag wef.a úYajdih;a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j;a fooreï
lEfõ h' wkd.;h ms<sn| ìfhka wE ;e;s .eksK' yh udih kshu jYfhka u .;
ù .sfha hhs yeu fokd u ms<s.kakd oji t<ôfha h' tfy;a nnqka kï meñ‚fha
ke;' Tyqg lsishï úm;la isoaofjkag we;s' nd.fj,djg wikSm fjkag;a mq¿jks'
ke;a;ï ysr f.or uq,doEkskag Tyq u;l ke;s fj,d fjkag mq¿jks' ysr f.or .shd
u ñksyl=g fudkjd fjkjd o lshkav neye" hkdÈh tl tldf.a láka lshfjkag
mgka .;s'
wka;sug wE úuiqfha w¨;a uq,doekshd jQ mqxÑrd< fjord<f.ks' zñksyd wkqudkhla
kE uefrkav we;sZhs Tyq lSh'
mqxÑue‚ldf.a yo fooreï lEfõ h' wE ;udf.a f,dl= weia fol" fjord<f.a
uqyqKg fy¿E .uka fkd ie,S isáhd h' zTõZ ux ys;kjd ñksyd ueß,d hs lsh,'
ysr f.org hk ñksiaiq Wka ysá yeáfh uefrkjd' jeäfhu;a Th nnqka jf.a yhs
y;a;sh we;s ñksiaiq' f,vg fí;a fldÉpr ;snqK;a lrefug fí;a ;sfhkjd he@
ñksiaiq ysr f.or Wkak ysáh yeáfh uq,a,lg .syska jefgkjd; uefrkjd' ±ka
WUg lrkav fohla kE' lrefug fokav fí;a kE' WU fï .fï bkak ljqre yß
lido ne|.kska' b<kaodßfhla ke;akï kdlsfhla jqK;a fudlla o we;s je/oao@

48 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

lido ne| .kska' .x bjqfr w,s weg kß wÈkjd lsh,d wks;a w,s .fÕa kdkafka
ke;=j wßkjd o@Z

zrd<ydñ" we;a;g u fï .ek fudl=;a wdrxÑhla okakjd o@ thd u< hs lsh,d oek.kav
,enqK o@
zux wymq wdrxÑhla keye' ldf.ka o wdrxÑ wykafka@ WUg wdrxÑhla oek .kav
´kE kï tAlg hkav ´kE ysr f.org' ojia .dkla ;siafia hkav ;sfhkjd' biair
fj,d lUqremsáhg .syska Bg miafia niakd br me;a;g hkav ´kE ;x.,a,g hk
uy mdr Èf.a' ysr f.oßka wymqjdu" WUg oek .kav mq¿jka fjhs'Z
mqxÑue‚ld ksYaYíoj u fjord<f.a f.hska fiñka fodrg nei f.or .shd h' isr
f.org f.dia nnqka .ek úuikakg o wE is;d .;a;d h' kka fkd okakd rglg
;ksj hdu .ek isf;k úg mjd wE ;=< ìh Wmka kuq;a fï ielh ysfia ;nd f.k
.fï Ôj;aùu wudre ldrKhla jQ fyhska flfia kuq;a ;x.,a,g f.diska tkag u
wêIaGdk lr .;a;d h' ms<sfh, lr.;a l=rlalka frdá lSmhl=;a .uk .ek weiQ
.ïuqkaf.ka ,enqK ;j;a OdkH weg áll=;a f,akaiqjl T;df.k wE lUqremsáh
n,d msg;a jQjd h'
lUqremsáh olajd jQ .ufka uq,a fldgfia u. wEg fyd| yeá mqreÿ h' .fï wks;a
.eyekqkag fuka wEg le,h ueo ;ksj hkag ìhla fkd oeksK' wEg .ufka lrorh
fmkqfKa ;x.,a, olajd ngysrg jeà we;s uy mdrg jegqK miqj h' iqÿ ¥ú,s iys;
fl<ska Èfjk uy mdf¾ § wEg Nhdkl úÈfha ;kslula oeksK' ¨Kq fyda ù fyda
megjQ uy nr lr;a; fkd lvjd u. È.g yuqjkakg úh' lr;a;ldrhka krl
ñksiqka nj wE ms<sf.k isáhd h' Tjqka ms<sn| j .ïno j flfrk oreKq l;djka
wE fyd|g wid mqreÿ h' tfyhska mdf¾ Ôú;h .ek wE fndfyda fihska ìh jQjd
h' ksYap, le,hl ;ksj Ôj;aùu wEg uy ldßhla fkd fõ' wE le,h okS' wE
le,hg whs;s h' tfy;a mdf¾ fkd lvjd wefok ñksiqka fm< kd÷kk uqyqKq"
mÍlaIKd;aul wuq;= ú,dihlska ;ud foi weis msh fkd fy<d laIKhlska n,d
isg" laIKhlska ;ud miq fldg hk weia" wE fï bkafka fld;rï ;ks f,dalhl
o hk yeÕSu wE flfrys we;s lr ù h' ckdlS¾K iuyr .ï ueÈka ìhm;a isj,a
fokl fuka ìfhka we,<S wels<S hk úg wef.a fï ;kslu wEg ±kqfKa jvd;a
n,j;a f,isks' .ïno lv wi, tl;= ù isák msßia" <sx <Õ tl;= ù ´md¥m l;d
lrk .eyekq u. hk tk ñksiaiq hk ish,af,da u úuiqï iys;j wE foi neÆy'
úYd, .Kkla uqyqKq w;r ;ud w÷kk tl o uqyqKla fkd fmksK' lvhlg fyda
f.me,lg fyda <xj rd;%sfha ksod .kag bv fokafka oe hs flfkl= f.ka weiSug
wE ;=< ffOhœhla fkd ù h' ? fnda ù nv .skak;a f;fyÜgqj;a jeä jk úg u.
wi, l=vd ,eyenlg ßx.d ksod .ekSu uekeje hs wE is;d .;s'
mqxÑue‚ld" ;x.,a,g meñfKkag fmr wEg fndfyda fjfyi o nv.sks o oeksK'
k.rfha oe,la fuka tA fï w; jeà ;snqK mgq mdrj,a wef.a N%dka;sh ÈhqKq le/ù h'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 49

 wka;sfï § fj<|dïm<g wjq;a jefgk ;=re wE k.rfha tA fï w; weúoaod h' ta
fj<|dïm< wereK ojils' ydrishhla" mkaishhla muK jQ msßi mgq N+ñ Nd.fha
leá ù isáhy' t<j¿" m,;=re" OdkH j¾." frÈ ms<s" ye<s j<ka wdÈ fkdfhla
nvqj,ska fj<|fmd< msÍ ;sì‚' yeu fofkla u tlg l;d l<y; tlg lE .eiQy'
w;a md ieÆy' fj<|dïmf<a Yíoh mqxÑue‚ldf.a ìh ÈhqKq flf<a h' tfyhska tA
;ekska jyd m,d f.dia fjk mgq mdrlg jeà thska k.rfha ueo yßfhka ke.=K
l÷ md uq,lg meñ‚hd h' tys fomi f.j,a fkd;snqK kuq;a lkao uqÿfka úYd,
f.dvke.s,a,la fmksK' tys ñksiaiq fkd isáh y' uy¨ ñksfyla muKla l÷
nEjqfï ys| f.k ., u; úh<s ;K m;a W,ñka isá flÜgq t<fokqka mia fokl=
foi n,d f.k isáfhah'
f>daId iys; l,n, ùÈj,ska ;e;s f.k isá mqxÑue‚ld ck Y+kH ksYap,
ia:dkhlg meñŒu .ek wdkkaÈ;j tys wek ;shd ys| .;a;d h' tys isá
t<fokqka f.ka tflla b| ysg lysk Yíoh;a fj<|dïm< me;af;ka hka;ug
wefik ñksia lg y~;a yer fjk lsisu Yíohla tys fkd ùh' ;ud bÈßfha
;snqK úYd, iqÿ f.dvke.s,a, foi ysi Tijd wE ne¨jd h' ì;a;sj,g ysre t<sh
jeàfuka th §ma;su;a j nene<s‚' nnqka isák ysr f.h fuh úh yels oehs wE
iel l<d h' yduf;a isák t< fokqka mia fokd w;r ys| f.k jqka uy,a,d o
wEg fmfka' Tyq oelSfuka wEg isys jQfha is,s÷ h' Tyq tys fkd ie,S ys| f.k
l÷ mduq, fmd,a .ia foi fk;a fy<d .;a jku yqkafka h' /l n,d f.k isá
t<fokqkaf.a fuka u Tyqf.a o úh<S wels<S .sh iug háka msysá b< fldagq .Kka
l< yels úh' l,n,ldÍ wdvïnr kd.ßlhka oelSfuka ;e;s .;a mqxÑue‚ldg
Èrdm;a uy,a,df.a oelSu okakd w÷kk ys;j;=kaf.a oelSula fuka úh' uy,a,d o
le,Ejlska t<shg wd flfkl= úh yels h'
mqxÑue‚ld uy,a,d <Õg f.dia Tyq bÈßfha isg .;a;d h' uy,a,d jrla wE foi
fk;a fy<d ne¨fõ h' m,a j;=rl uqyqK; jeiS ;sfnk mg,hlg iudk meyeh
we;s mg,hlska Tyqf.a fofk; jeiS ;sìK' Tyq kej;;a fmd,a wrU foig u ne,au
fhduq fldg ksYap,j yqkafka h'
ziSfh" wr fmfkkafka ysr f.or o@Z
ysre /iska Woa§ma; uy f.dvke.s,a, m<uq jrg oel n,kakl= fuka t foi fiñka
fk;a fy<d neÆ uy,a,d mqxÑue‚ld foig yerefKa h'
zTõ" wehs@Z fnd,a ue?ç lg y~lska weiS h'

zuf. ñksyd tAfl w;=f< fjkav mq¿jksZ hs ysr f.or Wi iqÿ ì;a;sh foi n,ñka
mqxÑue‚ld lSjdh' zthd fï ysr f.or tõjd" udi .Kklg biair' tAl fndre
kvqjla' thd udi yhlg ysf¾g kshu jqKd' oeka udi yh myqfj,d' tA;a thd
.ug wdfj kE' ux fï fnfydu ÿr b|,hs wdfj' ug fndfydu uykaishs iSfh' ux
fndfydu lror ú| f.k wdfj thd fidhkak' thd fïl we;=f< we;s'Z
50 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
zuy,a,df.a fofk; h<s;a fmd,a wrU foig u fhduq úh'Z Tyq ye,fyd,aukla
ke;sj isáfha h'

zWfò .u fldfy o <uhd@Z

zux wdfj neoafoa.u b|,d'Z
zneoafoa.u"Z Tõ ux okakjd' fndfydu biair ysg okakjd tA .u .ek' ud;a tA
me;af;a ;uhs' neoafoa.ug;a tyd uyfj,.u' WU .ug m,hka <uhd'Z
zb;ska uf. ñksyd" iSfh@ thdg fudlo jqfKaZ
uy,a,d b;d fiñka ysi yrjd uy ysr f.h foi fk;a fhduq flf<a h' ysre /ia
uy,a,df.a uqyqKg fl<ska jeáK' Tyqf.a uqyqK jhiska yd È<s÷lñka jeyeÍ /,s
jeà wels<S ;sìK' Tyqf.a fofk;a ysr f.hska t<fokl lrd fhduq úh' t<fok
weia fkrjd ysi Èlalr f.k ksYap,j isg ;Èka lyskakg mgka .;s' oE, yl=<jd
f.k wE leiafia b;d fõokdfjks' leiai k;r jqK miq t<fok hul= fidhñka
uy fmdf<dj f;d¨ .dkag jk' uy,a,d ;udg u lshd .kakdla fuka fufia lSfõ h'

zljodj;a ñksfyla ´flka t<shg tkafka kE-fldfydu o ñksfyla ´l we;=f<

Ôj;a fjkafk' yeu ;siafiu ì;a;sj,ska jg lr.k' fï gjqkaj, ñksiqkag ´fl
.dKla keye' kuq;a wms ux fyd|g okakjd" ux uyfj,.u ñksfyla' Tkak Th
wyg lef,a ueoafoa .ula; wo jqK;a .ug hkav ux ,Eia;shs" kuq;a ug jhi jeä
hs' ñksfyla kdls WKdhska miafia tAjdfh b|,d jevla keye-kuq;a WU .ug
m,hka' .ula w;a wer,d hk tl uy fudavlula' tAjdfh yeuod u nv.skafk ;ud'
ux okakjd" ug u;lhs" tA;a ;ukafk me,am;hs" ñÿ,hs" lef,hs ;ukag ksoyfia
;sfhkjd' fïjdfh f.daidjhs" l,n,hs" lrorhs ú;rhs' ksïudjlska ke;=j f.j,a'Z
ztA;a ysr f.oßka wykav ´kE biair fj,d uf.a ñksyd .ek' wehs thd k;r lr.k
bkafk@Z
z´lg .sh ñksfyla ljodj;a t<shg tkafk kE' yenEgu ux okafk keoao@ uf.
mq;;a Th ysr f.g .shd' ;j wo fjkakla weyeg ±lafl kE' thdf. kvqj weyqfj
fï ;x.,af,' uf.a w; ñg ;snqKd' Tlafldu tA kvqj fjkqfjka úhoï l<d' mq;d
ysr f.hska wdmyq tk;=rd ux n,d f.k ysáhd" lsis ojil wdfj kE; tkafk;a kE"
Wfò ñksydg;a tAl u ;ud' oeka WU wdmyq m,hka Wfò .ug'Z
mqxÑue‚ldf.a nv.skakg yd f;fyÜgqjg o uy,a,df.a l;dfjka Wmka ika;dmh;a
ÿl;a tl;= úh' wE ksfid,aufka je,fmkag jQjd h'

zw~, jevla kE <uhd' ux oeka fyd|g u jhi ñksfyla' ug jvd fyd¢ka Th .ek
okak flfkla ;j;a fufy kE" fï ysr f.g .sh flfkla ljodj;a wdmyq wdfõ
kE' WU oeka blauka lr,d .ug hk tl hs jvd fyd|'Z
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 51
 mqxÑue‚ld t;ekska ke.sg fiñka fiñka lkao ke. ysr f.h jfÜ .shd h' tys jQfha
tlu fodrgqjls' tA ;ekska ;ek hlv weK jeoa¥ úYd, >k ,S fodrls' wE ìfhka fodrg
;Ügq l<d h' we;=<g fkd wefik ;ru b;d fyñka ;Ügq l<d h' kej; ì;a;h s g
we, ù b| f.k n,d isáhd h' meh .Kkla .; úh' lsis u wuq;; a la jQfha ke;s' fodr
jeiQ .uka u h' isr f.h we;=f<ka lsiu s Yíohla fkd wefia' lkao mdjq, ;K W,k
t<fokqka miafokd yd uy,a,d yer fmfkk udkhl lsiu s if;la ke;' ;ud isák
;ekg ;o ysre /ia jefgk úg ì;a;f s ha fyjK Èfjk Èfjk yeáhg tyd fuyd
fjñka fudlla fyda wuq;;a la isÿ jk ;=re wE n,dfmdfrd;a;= iys;j t;ek u Wkakd h'

fndfyda fõ,djlg miq fodr yeßK' ldls we÷ï lÜg,hla yd f;dmamshla o

ye| fmd,a,la w;ska .;a ñksfyla thska t<shg wdfõ h' Tyq wE foi n,d ;shqKq
iajrhlska" zkqU fudlo fu;k@Z hs weiqfõ h'

zuf.a ñksyd n,kav wdjd' whshd" thd udi yhlg ysr f.org tõjd' udi yh oeka
myq fj,d' thd .ug .sfha keye' ñksiaiq lshkjd thd ueß,hs lsh,' tAl we;a; o@Z

zfudlla o thdf. ku@ fldfy o .u@Z

zthdf. .u neoafoa.uZ

zku@Z

zfldfydu o uu thdf.k ku lshkafka whshd@Z

zwehs fudaäfh fudlla o tA ñksyg lshdmq ku@Z

zthdg lsõfõ nnqka lsh,d'Z

zfudk je/oaog o ysf¾ jegqfK@Z

ztAl fndre kvqjla" wdrÉÑf. f.a ìkaohs lsh,dZ

z´" tA ñksydæ yß Bg miafi tA wdrÉÑ;a uerejd fkao@Z

zTõ" Tõ" tA uerefj wfma wmafmdÉÑ'Z

zTõ" th;a fufy ysáhd" WU <Õ i,a,s fyu ;sfhkjd o .eksfh@Z

zkE whshd" i;hlaj;a kE' wms fndfydu ÿmam;a ñksiaiq'Z

52 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
zwd" tfykï wmg nE fuys§ fudl=;a lshkav' WU lUqremsáhg .syska tAcka;
yduqÿrejkag fm;aiula §mka'Z

zwhshdZ oeka lSjdfka uf. ñksyd okakjhs lsh,d' b;ska ug lSjg we;s je/oao
fudlla o@ thd oeka fufy bkakjd o@ thdg fudlo WfKa@ ojia .dkla ;siafia ux
fuydg wdfj fïl oek.kav' ug ;j;a lror lrkav ud t<jkafka wehs@Z

ysrm,a,d mqxÑue‚ld foi ñks;a;=jla fyda folla muK n,d isáfha h'

zfyd|hs" lreKdj fõ<sÉp l=Uqrg jeiaila jf.hs lshkjd fkaæ tA;a WU b,a,kafka
fõ<sÉp l=Uqrg ;j;a kshÕ' ux okakjd ñksyd fufy ysáhd' ñksyd fuys§ u<d'
oeka ueß,d udi folla fjkjd'Z

ysrm,a,d ;u l;dfjka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha ysi w;a nod f.k lE .ik .eyekshlf.a
ú,dmhls' tfy;a mqxÑue‚ld ksYaYíoj u t;ekska f.dia kej;;a ì;a;sh woaor
wek ;shd .ekSu Tyqf.a uú;hg fya;= úh' idudkH wkaoug fYdalh m%ldY lsÍug
wef.a is;g jeÿKq myr ;o jeä h' l÷<la j;a fkd fy<d wE n,d isáhd mu‚'
;ud .ug hd hq;= h hk n,j;a yeÕSu;a ;ud ;ksù isák fï k.rfhka msg j
ish .ug hd .; hq;= h hk oeä wdYdj;a wEg we;s úh' tys§ ;udf.a ñÿ,g ù jk
frdog msámiska ysre ieÕù hk ieá n,df.k ksoyfia isáh yels h' mqkaÑue‚ld
t;k jeä fõ,djla fkd /£ lkafoka my<g neiaid h' uy,a,d ;ju;a tA yqka ;ek
fmd,a wrU foi n,d.;a jk u isáfha h'

zwd" ljodj;a ´flka msg fj,d tkav bv yïn fjkafk kE ñksfyl=g' ux WUg
lsõjdfka"Z hs ;ud miq lr f.k hk mqxÑue‚ldg wefik fia uy,a,d lSh'

zthd ueß,d iSfha'Z

zTõ ´lg .sh flfkla wdfh tkafka kE' WU m,hka <uhd wdmyq .ug'Z

zux hkjd iSfh'Z

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 53

 wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

WodiSk - lïue<s $ w,i

W.yg - lsÍug wmyiq$ ÿIalr
ú,Skj - WKq ù$ Èh ù
.juysi - t<yrla iy óyrla
mg, iys; - meg¨ï iys; $ wmeyeÈ,s
n;a ù - f.dÿre ù
ysr yso,ka - wjdy újdy lr .ekSu
wäfldav - l,n,$ úldr$ flda,ï
ieyeis - oreKq
N%dka;sh - pls;h$ ìh
wdkkaÈ; - i;=gg m;a
Woa§ma; - È,siqKq$ nen¿Kq
fnd,a - ysia
ue?ç - l;d lrk Yíoh wmyeÈ,s ùu
f;d¨ .dkjd - ;K fld< W,d lkjd
wyg - m%foaYhg
ika;dmh - lkiai,a,$ lk.dgqj

wNHdi

my; i`oyka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

1' —wjqreÿ oyhlska uq¿ .uu w,skag hkjd˜ hs kekafpdydñ lS wkdjelsh
l%ufhka i;Hhla jQ whqre WodyrK foñka úuikak'
2' —neoafoa.u yd tys jeishka l%ufhka wNdjhg hk wdldrh iÔù f,i ksrEmKh
lrkakg l;=jrhd NdIdj Ndú; lr we;s wdldrh WodyrK iys; j meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
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