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Equation of Circle

Equation of Circle Add Maths for o level

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
52 views

Equation of Circle

Equation of Circle Add Maths for o level

Uploaded by

zawad.sunnydale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise Set 01

1 Write down an equation of the circle with the given centre and radius in each case.
a centre (0, 0) radius S b centre (1, 3) radius 2 c centre (4, -6) radius 1
d centre (-1, -8) radius 3 e centre(-½, ½) radius ½ r centre (-3, 9) radius 2./3

2 Write down the coordinates of the centre and the radius of each of the following circles.
a x2 + y = 16 b (x- 6)2 + (Y- 1)2 = 81 c (x + 1)2 + (Y-4)2 = 121
d (x - 7)2 + y2 = 0.09 t (x - 8)2 + (Y + 9)2 = l 08

3 Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of each of the following circles.
a x2 + y - 4y + 3 = 0 b x2 + y - 2x - l 0y - 23 = 0
c .r+y+ l2x-8y+36=0 d x2 +y-2x + l6y=3S
e x2 + I = &x - 6y r x2+y2 + 10x-2y-19=o
g 4f + 4/ - 4x - 24y + 1 = 0 b 9.r + 9y2 + 6x - 24y + 8 = 0

4 Find an equation of the circle


a with centre ( 1, -2) which passes through the point (4, 2),
b with centre (-S, 7) which passes through the point (0, S).

5 Find an equation of the circle in which AB is a diameter in each case.


a A (1, -2) B (3, -2) b A (-7, 2) B (1 , 8) c A (l, 1) B (4, 0)

6 The points P (0, 1), Q (3, 10) and R (6, 9) all lie on circle C.
a Show that LPQR is a right-angle.
b Hence, show that Chas the equation x2 + y - 6x - 10y + 9 = 0.

7 Find in each case whether the given point lies inside, outside or on the given circle.
a (0, -9) x2 + y = 64 b (4, 7) x2 + y - 2x - 6y - 26 = 0
c (7, -3) x2+y+ l0x-4y= 140 d (-4, 1) x2+y2+2x+8y-13=0

8 The point P lies on the circle with equation x2 + y + l 2x - 6y + 21 = 0 and the point Q has
coordinates (8, 1). Find the minimum length of PQ giving your answer in the form k.fi .

9 Find an equation of the circle which crosses the x-axis at the points (2, 0) and (8, 0) and touches
the y-axis at the point (0, 4).

10 Given that the circle with equation x2 + y2 + 8x - l2y + k = 0 does not touch or cross either of
the coordinate axes, fmd the set of possible values of the constant k.

11 The circle C passes through the points P, Q and R with coordinates (-2, -2), (2, -4) and (7, 1)
respectively.
a Find an equation of the perpendicular bisector of the points P and Q.
b Find the coordinates of the centre of C.
c Find an equation of C.
12 The circle Chas the equation r + I - 4x - 4y - 28 = 0.
• Find the distance of the point A ( I0, 8) from the centre of C.
The tangent to Cat the point B passes through A.
b Find the length AB.

13 A circle has the equation r + y + 6x - 2y = 0 and passes through the point P.


Given that the tangent to the circle at P passes through the point Q (2, 6), find the exact length
PQ in its simplest form.

14 The circle Chas the equation r + I- 6x- IOy + 16 = 0 and passes through the point A (6, 2).
• Find the coordinates of the centre of C.
b Find the gradient of the normal to the circle at A .
c Find an equation of the normal to the circle at A.

15 Find an equation of
• the normal to the circle with equation r + y2 + 4x = 13 at the point (-1, 4),
b the tangent to the circle with equation r + y2 + 2x + 4y-40 = 0 at the point (S, 1),
c the tangent to the circle with equation x2 + l - Hh- + 4y + 4 = 0 at the point (2, 2).

16 Find the coordinates of the points where the circle with equation x2 + y-6x + 6y- 16 = 0
intersects the coordinate axes.

17 Find in each case the coordinates of the points where the line / intersects the circle C.
• /:y=x-4 C:x2+ y2 =10
b / : 3x + y = 17 C: r + y - 4x - 2y - 1S = 0
c , : Y = 2x + 2 c :4r + 4/ + 4x - 8y - 1s = o
18 The line with equation y = l - x intersects the circle with equation r + y + 6x + 2y = 27 at the
points A andB.
Find the length of the chord AB, giving your answer in the form k✓2.

19 Show that the line with equation y = 2x + 1 is a tangent to the circle with equation
r + I- Sx- 8y + 27 = 0 and find the coordinates of the point where they touch.
20 The line with equation y = x + k is a tangent to the circle with equation r + / + 6x - 8y + 17 = 0.
Find the two possible values of k.

21 The line with equation y = mx is a tangent to the circle with equation x2 + I - 8x - l 6y + 72 = 0.


Find the two possible values of m.

22 The line with equation 2x + 3y = k is a tangent to the circle with equation r +I + 6x + 4y = 0.


Find the two possible values of k.

2J The circle with equation r + I - 4x - 6y = 1 crosses the y-axis at the points A and B.
• Find the coordinates of the points A and B.
b Find the coordinates of the point where the tangent to the circle at A intersects the tangent to
the circle at B.
Exercise Set 02

1 A circle bas the equation x2 + y - 8x + 7 = 0.


• Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle. (2)
b Find the radius of the circle. (2)

2 A circle bas the equation x2 + y- 6x + 2y- 15 = 0.


• Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle. (2)
b Find the radius of the circle. (1)
c Show that the tangent to the circle at the point (7, 2) bas equation
4x + 3y - 34 = 0. (4)

3 A circle bas the equation x2 + y + 6x - Sy+ 21 = O.


• Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of the circle. (3)
The point P lies on the circle.
b Find the greatest distance of P from the origin. (2)

4 y

x2 + l=SO

0 X

The diagram shows the circle with equation x2 + y2 = SO and the tangents to the circle
at the points A (S, S) and B (1, -7).
• Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at A. (3)
b Show that the tangent to the circle at B has the equation
x-1y-SO=O. (3)
c Find the coordinates of the point C where the tangents to the circle at A and B intersect. (2)

5 Circle C1 bas the equation x2 + y - 2ay = 0, where a is a positive constant.


• Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of C1• (4)
Circle C2 bas the equation x2 + y -2bx = 0, where bis a constant and b > a.
b Sketch C1 and C 2 on the same diagram. (4)

6 The circle C bas the equation x2 + I + 2x - l 4y + 30 = 0.


• Find the coordinates of the centre of C. (2)
b Find the radius of C, giving your answer in the form k✓S. (2)
c Show that the line y = 2x - 1 is a tangent to C and find the coordinates of the point
of contact. (4)
7 The circle Chas equation x2 + y- 6x- 12y + 28 = 0.
a Find the coordinates of the centre of C. (2)
The line y = x - 2 intersects Cat the points A and B.
b Find the length AB in the form k✓2. (6)

8 The circle C bas centre (8, -1) and passes through the point (4, 1).
a Find an equation for C. (3)
b Show that the line with equation x + 2y + 4 = 0 is a tangent to C. (3)

9 The points P (-10, 2), Q (8, 14) and R (-2, -10) all lie on circle C.
a Show that PR is perpendicular to PQ. (2)
b Hence, show that Chas the equation x2 + y2 - 6x - 4y - 156 = 0. (5)

10 A circle bas the equation x2 + I - 2x- 1y- 16 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle. (2)
b Show that the radius of the circle is kJ'o , where k is an exact fraction to be foWld. (2)
c Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at the point (4, 8), giving your answer
in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c arc integers. (4)

11 y
C
x-2y +3 =O

0 X

The line with equation x - 2y + 3 = 0 intersects the circle C at the points A and B as
shown in the diagram above. Given that the centre of Chas coordinates (6, 7),
a find the coordinates of the mid-point of the chord AB. (6)
Given also that the x-coordinate of the point A is 3,
b find the coordinates of the point B, (3)
c find an equation for C. (2)

12 The circle Chas equation x2 + y2 - 8x - 16y + 72 = 0.


a Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of C. (3)
b Find the distance of the centre of C from the origin in the form k✓S. (2)
The point A lies on C and the tangent to Cat A passes through the origin 0 .
c Show that OA = 6✓2 . (3)

13 The circle C bas equation x2 + y2 - 4x - 6 = 0 and the line / has equation y = 3x - 6.


a Show that / passes through the centre of C. (3)
b Find an equation for each tangent to C that is parallel to /. (6)
Answer Set 01

1 a .l+/=25 b (x - 1)2 + (ll - 3)2 = 4 C (x-4)2+(v+6)2= 1


d (x+ 1)2+(v+8)2=9 e (x+ ½>2+(v- ½>2= ¼ r (x + 3)2 + (v- 9)2 = 12

2 a centre (0, 0) radius 4 b centre (6, 1) radius 9 c centre (-1, 4) radius 11


d centre (7, 0) radius 0.3 e centre (-2, -5) radius 4✓2 r centre (8, -9) radius 6✓3

3 a x2 + (v - 2)2 - 4 + 3 = 0 b (x - 1)2 - 1 + (v - 5)2 - 25 - 23 = 0


x2 + (v-2)2 = 1 (x - l )2 + (v - 5)2 = 49
centre (0, 2) radius 1 centre (l, 5) radius 7
C (x+6)2-36+(v-4)2-16+36=0 d (x - l )2 - 1 + (v + 8)2 - 64 = 35
(x + 6)2 + (v - 4)2 = 16 (x - l )2 + (ll + 8)2 = l 00
centre (-6, 4) radius 4 centre (l, -8) radius l 0
e (x - 4)2- 16 + (v + 3)2- 9 = 0 r (x + 5)2 - 25 + (v - l }2 - l - 19 = 0
2 2
(x - 4)2 + (v + 3)2 = 25 (x + 5) + (v - l ) = 45
centre (4, -3) radius 5 centre (-5, 1) radius 3✓5
g t' + y - X - 6y + ¼= 0 h x2 + y. .2 + •x -
3
!y
3
+ !9 = 0
(x - ½)2 - ¼+ (v - 3)2 - 9 + ¼= 0 (x+ 1)2 - .1 +1., _ .:1.)2- ll + 1 =O
3 9 V l 9 9

(x - ½)2 + (v - 3)2 = 9 (x + 1)2 = 1


½)2 + (.v -
centre ( ½, 3) radius 3 centre ( -t , 1) radius 1

4 a radius= .J9+16 =5 :. (x-1)2 +(v+2)2 =25


b radius = .J25 + 4 = ../29 :. (x + 5)2 + (v - 7)2 = 29

5 a centre ( •~3 , -2) = (2, -2) b centre ( -~+• , 2;•) = (-3, S) c centre ( 1¥, •~ 0
) =(f, ½)
radius= l radius= .J16+9 = S radius = .J!. + .. = ,nII
l

:. (x-2)2+(v+2)2= 1 :. (x + 3)2 + (v - 5)2 = 25 :. (X - ½)l + (v- ½)2 = 1

6 a gradPQ= 10-1 = 3 grad QR= 9-10 = _ 1


3-0 ' 3 6-3
gradPQx grad QR= 3 x (-t) =-1
:. PQ and QR are perpendicular
:. LPQR is a right-angle
b LPQR is a right-angle :. PR is a diameter of C
o; f )
:. centre is ( 6 , 1 = (3, 5)
radius= S
:. (x- 3)2 + (v- 5)2 = 25
x2 - 6x + 9 + y2 - 1Oy + 25 - 25 = 0
x2+y-6x- l0y+9=0
7 a centre (0. 0) radius 8 b (x- 1)2- 1 + (y- 3)2 - 9 - 26 = 0
2
dist. pt to centre = 9 (x - 1)2 + (y - 3) = 36
: . outside circle centre (1, 3) radius 6
dist. pt to centre = ,.J9 + 16 = S
:. inside circle
c (x+S)2-2S+(.v-2>2-4= 140 d (x + 1)2- 1 + (y + 4)2 - 16- 13 = 0
(x + s>2 + (y - 2)2 = 169 (x + 1)2 + (y + 4)2 = 30
centre (-S. 2) radius 13 centre (-1, -4) radius ./Jo
disL pt to centre = .J,...144_+_2_5 = 13 dist. pt to centre = .j9 + 2S = ../34
:. on circle :. outside circle

8 (x + 6) 2 - 36 + (y- 3)2 - 9 + 27 = 0 9 x-coord of centre = ill


2
=S
(x+6}2+(y-3)2= 18 .v-coord of centre= 4 :. centre (S, 4)
centre (-6, 3) radius 3✓2 radius = dist. (0, 4) to (S, 4) = S
dist. Q to centre = .J196 + 4 = 1o./2 :. (x- S)2 + ()1 -4)2 = 2S
min. PQ = 10✓ 2 - 3✓ 2 = 7✓ 2

10 (x+ 4)2-16 + (y-6)2-36 +k= 0 11 a mid-point PQ = ( -22• 2 , -ij~>) = (0, -3)


2
(x + 4)2 + (y- 6)2 = S2 - k gradFQ= -4+ = -.l
2
2+2
centre (-4, 6) r2 = S2-k pcrp. grad= 2
r>0 :. k< S2 :. y=2x-3
also require r < 4 b mid-point PR= ( -1; 1 , -1t1 ) = ( f, -f)
:. 52-k< 16 grad PR= t+ 2 = .1
3
7+2
k>36 pcrp. grad = -3
:. 36<k<S2 pcrp. bisector y + ½= -3(x - f)
y=1-3x
centre where intersect 2x - 3 = 7 - 3x
x=2 :. (2, 1)
c radius = dist. (2, 1) to (7, 1) = S
:. (x-2)2 +(y-1)2 =2S

12 a (x - 2)2 - 4 + (y - 2)2 - 4 - 28 = 0 13 (x+3)2-9+(y- 1)2-1 =O


(x - 2)2 + (y - 2)2 = 36 (x + 3 )2 + (y - 1)
2
= 10
centre (2, 2) radius 6 centre (-3, 1) radius Jw
dist.= ,.J64+36 = 10 dist. centre to (2, 6) = .J,_2S_+_2_S = ✓SO
b tangent pcrp to radius PQ2 = ( ✓SO )2 - ( Jw )2 = 40
:. Alf= 1<>2 - 62 = 64 PQ = ✓4(J = 2./w
AB=8
14 a (x-3)2-9+(y-5)2-25+ 16=0 15 a (x + 2)2 - 4 + y2 = 13
:. centre (3, 5) :. centre (-2, 0)
b grad = 5 - 2 =-1 grad= 0-4 =4
3-6 - 2+1
c y -2=-{x-6) [y=8-x] :. y-4=4(x+ l) [ y =4x+8]
b (x + 1)2 - l + 0' + 2)2 - 4 - 40 = 0
:. centre(-1,-2)
grad nonnal = - 2 - l = {-
-1- s -
:. grad tangent= -2
:. y - l = -2(x- 5) [y = 11 - 2x]
2
C (x - 5)2 - 25 + (y + 2) - 4 + 4 = 0
:. centre (5, -2)
grad nonnal = -2-2 = -!
3
S-2
:. grad tangent= {
:. y - 2 = ¾(x - 2) [3x-4,v+ 2=0]

16 X = 0 ~ _v2 + 6y - 16 = 0 17 a sub. x2 + (x-4)2 = 10


(y + 8)(y - 2) = 0 x2-4x+3=0
y= -8, 2 (x - l Xx - 3) = 0
y=0 ~ x2-6x-16=0 x= l , 3
(x + 2Xx - 8) = 0 :. (l , -3) and(3, -1)
x=-2, 8 b sub. y = 17 - 3x
, 2
:. (0, -8), (0, 2), (-2, 0) and (8, 0) X- + (17 - 3x) - 4x - 2(17 - 3x) - 15 = 0
x2 - 1Ch- + 24 = 0
(x - 4Xx - 6) = 0
x=4,6
:. (4,5)and(6,-l)
C sub.
4x2 + 4(2x + 2)2 + 4x - 8(2x + 2) - 15 = 0
4.t'+4x-3=0
(2x + 3)(2x - 1) = 0
X = _1. l.
2 ' 2
:. (-f,- l)and(½ , 3)

18 sub. 19 sub.
x2 + (l - x)2 + 6x + 2(1 - x) = 27 x2 + (2x + 1)2- 8x- 8(2x + 1) + 27 = 0
x2+x-12=0 x2-4x+4=0
(x+ 4)(x-3) = 0 (x-2)2 =O
x=-4, 3 repeated root :. tangent
:. (-4, 5) and (3, -2) touch when x = 2 :. at (2, 5)
AB= ✓49+49 = 7✓ 2
20 sub. 21 sub.
x2 + (x + k)2 + 6x - 8(x + k) + 17 = 0 x2 + m2x2 - 8x - l 6mx + 72 = 0
2x2 + (2k- 2)x + Jc - 8k + 17 = 0 ( 1 + m2 )x2 - (8 + l 6m )x + 72 = 0
tangent .'. repeated root .'. b2 -4ac = 0 tangent .'. repeated root .'. b2 - 4ac = 0
=> (2k- 2)2 - 8(Jt - 8k + 17) = 0 => (8 + 16m/-288(1 + m2) = 0
k-14k+33 = 0 m2 -8m+7 = 0
(k- 3)(k- 11) = 0 (m- l)(m-7)=0
.. k=3orll :. m=l,7

22 sub. x = k - 3.v 23 a x = 0 => l - 6y - 7=0


2
( k-3,v )2 + y2 + 6( k-3_v) + 4y =O (y + 1)(y - 7) = 0
2 2
(k- 3y)2 + 4y
+ l2(k- 3y) + l6y = 0 y=-1 , 7
l3y2- (6k+ 20)y +Jc + l2k = 0 :. (0, -1) and (0, 7)
tangent :. repeated root :. b2 -4ac = 0 b (x - 2)2 - 4 + (y - 3)2 - 9 = 7
=> (6k + 20)2 - 52(/c + 12k) = 0 :. centre (2, 3)
k2 + 24k- 25 = 0 grad normal at (0, -1) = !:~ = 2
(k+ 25)(k- 1) = 0 :. grad tangent at (0, -1) = -½
k= -25, 1 :. y= -½x-1
7
grad normal at (0, 7) = 3 - = -2
2-0
:. grad tangent at (0, 7) = ½
:.y=½x + 1
intersect when -lx-
2 . 1 = lx
2 +7
x = -8
:. (-8, 3)
Answer Set 02
i a (~· - 4 )l - i 6 + Y + 7 =0 2 a (x - 3 )2 - 9 + (v + 1 )2 - 1 - 1 S = 0
.·. centre (4, 0) .·. centre (3, -1)
b (x -4)2 + y = 9 b (x - 3 )2 + (v + 1)2 = 25
.·. radius = 3 .·. radius = 5
c grad of radius - 2 -<- 1> - i
7-3 •
.·. grad of tangent - -1
.·. Y - 2 = -t c~- -
7)
3y - 6 = ~ + 28
4x + 3 y -34=0

3 a (x +3)2-9 + (v-4) 2 -16+21 = O 4 a centre ( 0, 0) .·. grad o f radius = 1


c~- + 3)2 + (v - 4)2 = 4 .·. grad of tangent= -1
.·. centre (-3, 4) radius 2 .·. y - 5 = - (x-5) [ y= 10-~·]
b dist. of centre from O - ,./9 + 16 - 5 b grad of radius - - 7
max. dist. of P from 0 .·. grad of tangent = t
=5+2 = 7 .·• Y + 7 = t c~--
1)
1y+ 49 =~- - 1
x - 7y - 50 = 0
c sub. x - 7(1O - x)-SO=O
x= 15
.·. (15, -5)
2
a ~-2+ (y - o)2 - o2 - 0 6 a (x + 1 ) - 1 + (y - 7)2 - 49 + 30 - 0
~.2+ (y - o)2 - o2 .·. centre (-1. 7)
:. centre (0. o) radius o b (x + l ) 2
+ (y - 7) 2
= 20
2
b 2
C2: (x - b) - b + y2 - O .·. radius - ../20 - 2../,
(x - b)2 + y - b 2 • centre (b. 0) radius b c sub. y - 2x - l into eqn. of circle
>' x2 + (a· - 1 ) 2 + a · - 14(2x - 1 >+ 30 = o
x2-6x+9-0
( x - 3)1 = 0
repeated root .·. tangent
point of contact (3. 5)

7 a <~· - 3)2 - 9 + {.v - 6)2 - 36 + 28 =0 8 a radius = .J16 + 4 = ../20


.-. centre (3. 6 ,) :. (~· - l ) 2 - 20
8)2 + (y +
b sub. b sub. ~- - -2y - 4 into eqn. of circle:
~.2 + (~· - 2)2 - tu· - 12(x - 2) + 28 - 0 (-2y- 12)2 + (y + 1)2 - 20
~.2 - l l x + 28 = 0 4.V+ 48y + 144+ y2+ 2y+ l = 20
(x - 4)(x - 7) = 0 y2+ 10[+25 =O
X = 4 , 7 (y + 5) = 0
•·. A (4, 2). B (7. 5 ) repeated root .·. tangent
.·. AB= .J9+9 = ./fs = 3✓ 2

9 a gradPQ = 14 - 2 =
8+10
l.
3
10 a (x - 1)2 - 1 + (y - f )2 - , - 16 = 0
grad PR = -I0- 2 =
-2+ 10
_1.
2
:. centre (1, f)
grad PR x gradPQ = -f x ! =-1 b (x-1}2+(y-f}2= •!'
:. PR is perpendicular to PQ :. radius = ./¥ = J¥ = f ✓13 [k = ½]
8-12
b LQPR = 90° :. QR is a diameter of the circle c grad of radius = - = 1.
2
4-1
centre of circle is mid-point of QR :. grad of tangent= -f
= (';2' 14;10) = (3, 2) :. y - 8 = -f (x - 4)
radius= ,J25 + 144 = 13 3y- 24 = -2x + 8
:. (x - 3)2 + (y- 2)2 = 169 2x+3y -32 =O
.l - 6x + 9 + y2 - 4y + 4 - 169 = o
x2 +y2-6x-4y-156= 0
11 a grad of x - 2y + 3 = 0 is ½ 12 a (x-4)2 - 16+(y-8}2-64+72=0
:. grad of perp bisector= -2 (x - 4)2 + (y- 8)2 = 8
passes through centre ofcircle :. centre (4, 8) radius 2✓ 2
:. y - 1 = -2(x - 6) b = ✓16+64 = ✓ 80 = 4✓ 5
y= -2x + 19 c tangent perp. to radius
mid-point of chord where intersect .. OA2 =( ✓ 80)2-(2✓ 2)2= 72
x-2(-2x+ 19)+3=0 OA = .fi2. = ✓36x2 = 6✓2
X = 1 .'. (1, 5)
b 3-2y+ 3 = O
:. y = 3 :. A (3. 3)
let B be (p, q)
:. (~.~) = (7, 5)
p = 11, q = 1 :. B (11, 7)
c radius = ✓9+ 16 = 5
:. (x-6}2 + (y-7}2=25
13 a C: (x - 2)2 - 4 +i - 6=0
:. centre (2, 0)
/: when x = 2, y = 3(2) - 6 = 0
:. I passes through centre of C
b eqn. of tangent: y = 3x + k
sub. into eqn. of circle:
x 2 + (3x + k)2 - 4x - 6 = 0
10x2 + (6k - 4)x + k2 - 6 = 0
tangent :. repeated root :. b2 - 4ac = 0
(6k-4)2-40(k2- 6) = 0
!!-+ 12k-64 = 0
(k + 16)(k - 4) = 0
k = - 16, 4
:. y = 3x - 16 and y = 3x + 4

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