Equation of Circle
Equation of Circle
1 Write down an equation of the circle with the given centre and radius in each case.
a centre (0, 0) radius S b centre (1, 3) radius 2 c centre (4, -6) radius 1
d centre (-1, -8) radius 3 e centre(-½, ½) radius ½ r centre (-3, 9) radius 2./3
2 Write down the coordinates of the centre and the radius of each of the following circles.
a x2 + y = 16 b (x- 6)2 + (Y- 1)2 = 81 c (x + 1)2 + (Y-4)2 = 121
d (x - 7)2 + y2 = 0.09 t (x - 8)2 + (Y + 9)2 = l 08
3 Find the coordinates of the centre and the radius of each of the following circles.
a x2 + y - 4y + 3 = 0 b x2 + y - 2x - l 0y - 23 = 0
c .r+y+ l2x-8y+36=0 d x2 +y-2x + l6y=3S
e x2 + I = &x - 6y r x2+y2 + 10x-2y-19=o
g 4f + 4/ - 4x - 24y + 1 = 0 b 9.r + 9y2 + 6x - 24y + 8 = 0
6 The points P (0, 1), Q (3, 10) and R (6, 9) all lie on circle C.
a Show that LPQR is a right-angle.
b Hence, show that Chas the equation x2 + y - 6x - 10y + 9 = 0.
7 Find in each case whether the given point lies inside, outside or on the given circle.
a (0, -9) x2 + y = 64 b (4, 7) x2 + y - 2x - 6y - 26 = 0
c (7, -3) x2+y+ l0x-4y= 140 d (-4, 1) x2+y2+2x+8y-13=0
8 The point P lies on the circle with equation x2 + y + l 2x - 6y + 21 = 0 and the point Q has
coordinates (8, 1). Find the minimum length of PQ giving your answer in the form k.fi .
9 Find an equation of the circle which crosses the x-axis at the points (2, 0) and (8, 0) and touches
the y-axis at the point (0, 4).
10 Given that the circle with equation x2 + y2 + 8x - l2y + k = 0 does not touch or cross either of
the coordinate axes, fmd the set of possible values of the constant k.
11 The circle C passes through the points P, Q and R with coordinates (-2, -2), (2, -4) and (7, 1)
respectively.
a Find an equation of the perpendicular bisector of the points P and Q.
b Find the coordinates of the centre of C.
c Find an equation of C.
12 The circle Chas the equation r + I - 4x - 4y - 28 = 0.
• Find the distance of the point A ( I0, 8) from the centre of C.
The tangent to Cat the point B passes through A.
b Find the length AB.
14 The circle Chas the equation r + I- 6x- IOy + 16 = 0 and passes through the point A (6, 2).
• Find the coordinates of the centre of C.
b Find the gradient of the normal to the circle at A .
c Find an equation of the normal to the circle at A.
15 Find an equation of
• the normal to the circle with equation r + y2 + 4x = 13 at the point (-1, 4),
b the tangent to the circle with equation r + y2 + 2x + 4y-40 = 0 at the point (S, 1),
c the tangent to the circle with equation x2 + l - Hh- + 4y + 4 = 0 at the point (2, 2).
16 Find the coordinates of the points where the circle with equation x2 + y-6x + 6y- 16 = 0
intersects the coordinate axes.
17 Find in each case the coordinates of the points where the line / intersects the circle C.
• /:y=x-4 C:x2+ y2 =10
b / : 3x + y = 17 C: r + y - 4x - 2y - 1S = 0
c , : Y = 2x + 2 c :4r + 4/ + 4x - 8y - 1s = o
18 The line with equation y = l - x intersects the circle with equation r + y + 6x + 2y = 27 at the
points A andB.
Find the length of the chord AB, giving your answer in the form k✓2.
19 Show that the line with equation y = 2x + 1 is a tangent to the circle with equation
r + I- Sx- 8y + 27 = 0 and find the coordinates of the point where they touch.
20 The line with equation y = x + k is a tangent to the circle with equation r + / + 6x - 8y + 17 = 0.
Find the two possible values of k.
2J The circle with equation r + I - 4x - 6y = 1 crosses the y-axis at the points A and B.
• Find the coordinates of the points A and B.
b Find the coordinates of the point where the tangent to the circle at A intersects the tangent to
the circle at B.
Exercise Set 02
4 y
x2 + l=SO
0 X
The diagram shows the circle with equation x2 + y2 = SO and the tangents to the circle
at the points A (S, S) and B (1, -7).
• Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at A. (3)
b Show that the tangent to the circle at B has the equation
x-1y-SO=O. (3)
c Find the coordinates of the point C where the tangents to the circle at A and B intersect. (2)
8 The circle C bas centre (8, -1) and passes through the point (4, 1).
a Find an equation for C. (3)
b Show that the line with equation x + 2y + 4 = 0 is a tangent to C. (3)
9 The points P (-10, 2), Q (8, 14) and R (-2, -10) all lie on circle C.
a Show that PR is perpendicular to PQ. (2)
b Hence, show that Chas the equation x2 + y2 - 6x - 4y - 156 = 0. (5)
11 y
C
x-2y +3 =O
0 X
The line with equation x - 2y + 3 = 0 intersects the circle C at the points A and B as
shown in the diagram above. Given that the centre of Chas coordinates (6, 7),
a find the coordinates of the mid-point of the chord AB. (6)
Given also that the x-coordinate of the point A is 3,
b find the coordinates of the point B, (3)
c find an equation for C. (2)
5 a centre ( •~3 , -2) = (2, -2) b centre ( -~+• , 2;•) = (-3, S) c centre ( 1¥, •~ 0
) =(f, ½)
radius= l radius= .J16+9 = S radius = .J!. + .. = ,nII
l
18 sub. 19 sub.
x2 + (l - x)2 + 6x + 2(1 - x) = 27 x2 + (2x + 1)2- 8x- 8(2x + 1) + 27 = 0
x2+x-12=0 x2-4x+4=0
(x+ 4)(x-3) = 0 (x-2)2 =O
x=-4, 3 repeated root :. tangent
:. (-4, 5) and (3, -2) touch when x = 2 :. at (2, 5)
AB= ✓49+49 = 7✓ 2
20 sub. 21 sub.
x2 + (x + k)2 + 6x - 8(x + k) + 17 = 0 x2 + m2x2 - 8x - l 6mx + 72 = 0
2x2 + (2k- 2)x + Jc - 8k + 17 = 0 ( 1 + m2 )x2 - (8 + l 6m )x + 72 = 0
tangent .'. repeated root .'. b2 -4ac = 0 tangent .'. repeated root .'. b2 - 4ac = 0
=> (2k- 2)2 - 8(Jt - 8k + 17) = 0 => (8 + 16m/-288(1 + m2) = 0
k-14k+33 = 0 m2 -8m+7 = 0
(k- 3)(k- 11) = 0 (m- l)(m-7)=0
.. k=3orll :. m=l,7
9 a gradPQ = 14 - 2 =
8+10
l.
3
10 a (x - 1)2 - 1 + (y - f )2 - , - 16 = 0
grad PR = -I0- 2 =
-2+ 10
_1.
2
:. centre (1, f)
grad PR x gradPQ = -f x ! =-1 b (x-1}2+(y-f}2= •!'
:. PR is perpendicular to PQ :. radius = ./¥ = J¥ = f ✓13 [k = ½]
8-12
b LQPR = 90° :. QR is a diameter of the circle c grad of radius = - = 1.
2
4-1
centre of circle is mid-point of QR :. grad of tangent= -f
= (';2' 14;10) = (3, 2) :. y - 8 = -f (x - 4)
radius= ,J25 + 144 = 13 3y- 24 = -2x + 8
:. (x - 3)2 + (y- 2)2 = 169 2x+3y -32 =O
.l - 6x + 9 + y2 - 4y + 4 - 169 = o
x2 +y2-6x-4y-156= 0
11 a grad of x - 2y + 3 = 0 is ½ 12 a (x-4)2 - 16+(y-8}2-64+72=0
:. grad of perp bisector= -2 (x - 4)2 + (y- 8)2 = 8
passes through centre ofcircle :. centre (4, 8) radius 2✓ 2
:. y - 1 = -2(x - 6) b = ✓16+64 = ✓ 80 = 4✓ 5
y= -2x + 19 c tangent perp. to radius
mid-point of chord where intersect .. OA2 =( ✓ 80)2-(2✓ 2)2= 72
x-2(-2x+ 19)+3=0 OA = .fi2. = ✓36x2 = 6✓2
X = 1 .'. (1, 5)
b 3-2y+ 3 = O
:. y = 3 :. A (3. 3)
let B be (p, q)
:. (~.~) = (7, 5)
p = 11, q = 1 :. B (11, 7)
c radius = ✓9+ 16 = 5
:. (x-6}2 + (y-7}2=25
13 a C: (x - 2)2 - 4 +i - 6=0
:. centre (2, 0)
/: when x = 2, y = 3(2) - 6 = 0
:. I passes through centre of C
b eqn. of tangent: y = 3x + k
sub. into eqn. of circle:
x 2 + (3x + k)2 - 4x - 6 = 0
10x2 + (6k - 4)x + k2 - 6 = 0
tangent :. repeated root :. b2 - 4ac = 0
(6k-4)2-40(k2- 6) = 0
!!-+ 12k-64 = 0
(k + 16)(k - 4) = 0
k = - 16, 4
:. y = 3x - 16 and y = 3x + 4