Reproductive Structure of Animals and Plants

I.
Topic: Reproductive Structures of Animals and Plants

II. Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the student can be able to,
•evaluate the Sexual, Asexual Reproduction;
•express on how they understand Mechanisms of
Fertilization: and
•relate the factors that affects successful
reproduction
III. Discussions Of Concepts:

Animal Reproductive Structure
Human beings are classified as mammals along with goats, cow, dogs,
cats, and mice. Mammals have external and internal sex organs. Recall
that among the female and male human beings, there are external genitalia
that scientists use to identify whether the newly born individual is a male or
a female. This is also true for cow, dog, cat and other mammals. There are
internal female and male reproductive structures in humans that we have
learned in the previous module. There are similarities in the structures of
the other mammals that produce the sex cells such as the ovary and the
testis. Internal fertilization of the egg by the sperm occurs when there is
male and female individuals. Gestation occurs inside the female uterus until
a young is born.
Among birds, such as chicken, the male or rooster can be identified on its
head and its prominent tail feathers. Hens have smaller comb and tail
feathers. During mating, the rooster transfers the sperm to the hen by
rubbing its cloaca against that of the female resulting in internal fertilization.
The cloaca is an opening in the bird through which sperm and egg pass
through.
Snakes and lizards have no external organs to help scientists identify male
from female though they exhibit variation in appearance. Frogs have paired
gonads and oviducts that are found inside the body which are connected to
the cloacae (plural of cloaca).
The female fish has paired ovaries that produce eggs that are released
oviducts. The uterus or the body cavity. The male fish has paired testis that
produced the sperm.
Earthworms are hermaphrodites. They have both male and female sex
organs in one individual. An individual can produce sperms and eggs and
during mating either in one can provide the egg or sperm that is fertilized.
In insects such as bees, the testis produce sperms in males and the
ovaries produced the eggs in females. The oviducts provide space for
Sex cells to travel to the uterus. Female insects may store sperms in
spermathecal (an accessory organ). Some animals do not have sexual
organs for reproduction. In the case of hydra, a coelenterate growing in
freshwater, a new animal is produced by a “bud” from its main body which
eventually grow and separate from the parent body. Some organisms that
reproduce sexually may also reproduce asexually. Among staghorn corals,
broken segments of the colony may grow into new colonies. A sea star that
lost some of its arms may grow or regenerate the lost parts to become a
new individual.
Plant Reproductive Structures

Most plants that you see around have flowers which are the sex organs of
these plants Among non-flowering plants like in pine trees, an individual
produces male and female cones. In ferns, the spores formed in the leaves
germinate into heart-shaped plants that contain the sex cells. Mosses have
spores that germinate to young moss plants but grow into male or female
that produce the sex cells. There are plant parts like leaves stems and
roots that give rise to new plants.
IV. Definition of Key Concepts:

What is Reproduction?
-Reproduction is a biological process by which an organism reproduces an
offspring that is biologically similar to the organism. Reproduction enables
and ensures the continuity of species, generation after generation. It is the
main feature of life on earth.
What is the role of Reproduction?

-The role of reproduction is to provide for the continued existence of a
species; it is the process by which living organisms duplicate themselves.
Animal Reproductive Structures

-It focuses on the gonads (sex organs), associated ducts and glands, and
adaptations that aid in the union of gametes, reproductive cells, male or
female, that are capable of producing a new individual by union with a
gamete of the opposite sex.
Plant Reproductive Structures

-Plant reproductive system, any of the systems, sexual or asexual, by
which plants reproduce. In plants, as in animals, the end result of
reproduction is the continuation of a given species and the ability to
reproduce is, therefore, rather conservative, or given to only moderate
change, during evolution. Changes have occurred, however, and the
pattern is demonstrable through a survey of plant groups.
V. Enrichment (Video Clips):

https://youtu.be/ZBzkKEFqdvU?si=UdUA02M5L1JpyfS3
https://youtu.be/-UimippGXGM?feature=shared
VI. Summary of Concepts:

Living things, due to their diversity, need to be identified and classified.
Classifying means that we sort similar organisms into groups. Scientists
have devised classification systems for organisms to facilitate learning
about them. Moreover, one organism has one scientific name which makes
communication easy. Let us find time to study animals and plants and how
to classify them because they were considered also as living thing in this
world. There are many features that we can use to classify organisms. This
lesson focuses on reproductive structures of animals and plants just like
human being they’re also reproducing to spread their genes.
VII. Evaluation Questionnaire:

Matching Type. Match items in column A with those in column B. Write the
letter of the correct answer on the space provided.
Column A Column B
A. Hydra 1. Oviduct _______
B. Stag horn coral 2. Buds _______
C. Bee 3. Closca _______
D. Pine. 4. Seed _______
E. Shark. 5. Spore _______
F. Gumamela
G. Earthworm
H. Mosquito

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I.

Topic: Reproductive Structures of Animals and Plants

III. Discussions Of Concepts:

Plant Reproductive Structures

IV. Definition of Key Concepts:

What is the role of Reproduction?

Animal Reproductive Structures

Plant Reproductive Structures

V. Enrichment (Video Clips):

VI. Summary of Concepts:

VII. Evaluation Questionnaire:

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