COWAT

Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) Report
Biodata
Name: Z.K.
Age: 35 Years
Gender: Female
Education: MS Clinical Psychology
D.O.B: 1st January, 1989
Date of Test Administration: 21st-05-2024
Setting/ Testing situation: University Classroom
Participant: MSCP semester III student
Preferred hand: Right
Initial Observation
The participant was well dressed and had wear season appropriate dress. She had average
height and weight. She had properly maintained hygiene. She was frequently making eye
contact. She was comfortable and paying attention throughout test administration. Participant
kept her hands and legs in a comfortable posture throughout the sitting. Facial expressions were
normal. Participant’s content of speech was adequate and understandable with appropriate
answering of all questions. Her speech was organized, logical and meaningful. She spoke in an
average tone; her volume and pitch were normal and her speech was comprehensive. The client
seemed to be with fine mood and comfortable.

Physical Deficits
There was no any physical deficit reported by the participant or observed during the test
administration.
Intellectual Concerns
Intellectual functioning appears within normal limits based on the COWAT assessment.
The participant demonstrated proficiency across various cognitive domains, including
orientation, attention, language, and executive functions. There were no indications of significant
deficits in reasoning, problem-solving, or memory. The participant's performance suggested
intact intellectual capacities, allowing for effective engagement in daily activities and
communication. These findings align with observations of the participant's overall cognitive
functioning and support the absence of notable intellectual concerns.
Family History of Disease
There was no any physical or psychological impairment history in participant’s family.
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to present the findings from the Controlled Oral Word
Association Test (COWAT) administered to Zainab. The COWAT was part of a comprehensive
neuropsychological assessment aimed at evaluating participant’s cognitive functioning,
particularly her verbal fluency and executive functioning skills.

Test Description
The COWAT assesses an individual's ability to generate words under specific constraints.
It includes phonemic fluency tasks (e.g., generating words beginning with the letters F, A, and S).
The test evaluates executive control over language production, including retrieval from long-
term memory, switching, and inhibitory control.
Methodology
The participant was instructed to generate as many words as possible beginning with the
letters F, A, and S within 60 seconds per letter with the instruction to do not repeat the words or
do not use proper nouns. Invalid responses, such as proper nouns or repeated words, were noted
and excluded from the total count. The test was administered in a university classroom.
Results
- Phonemic Fluency
- Letter F: 14 words
- Letter A: 13 words
- Letter S:15 words
Participant’s raw scores were compared to normative data for his age group.
Interpretation
Participant’s performance on the COWAT phonemic fluency tasks was as follows:
- Letter F: Generated 14 words, which is within the average range.
- Letter A: Generated 13 words, which is within the average range.

- Letter S: Generated 15 words, which is within the average range.
Brain Functions Assessed
COWAT can assess verbal fluency of the participant. Verbal fluency refers to the ability to
generate words rapidly under specific constraints. Primarily the left frontal lobe, including
Broca's area, and the anterior cingulate cortex are responsible for verbal fluency. Participant’s
performance indicates intact verbal fluency abilities. Generating 14 words for F, 13 for A, and 15
for S suggests she has no significant difficulty with word retrieval or language production.
Executive Functioning can also be measured through this test. Executive functioning includes
cognitive processes such as planning, problem-solving, and switching between tasks. Prefrontal
cortex, particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in carrying out executive
processes. Participant’s scores reflect strong executive functioning. Her ability to generate words
under time constraints demonstrates effective cognitive control, organization, and switching.
COWAT also assess the cognitive flexibility. Cognitive flexibility is the mental ability to switch
between thinking about different concepts or to think about multiple concepts simultaneously.
Prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex are involved in carrying out these processes.
Participant’s performance on generating words beginning with different letters indicates good
cognitive flexibility. He can switch effectively between different phonemic categories. Memory
retrieval involves recalling information stored in long-term memory. Hippocampus and frontal
lobe play the most significant role in memory retrieval. The number of words generated for each
letter suggests efficient retrieval from long-term memory stores. The participant does not exhibit
significant memory retrieval issues.

Conclusion
The COWAT results indicate that the participant has preserved verbal fluency and
executive functioning skills. Her performance demonstrates strong word retrieval, cognitive
flexibility, and overall executive control of language production. Typically, a score below the 5th
percentile (approximately 25 words for her age group and education level) would be considered
indicative of impaired performance. Her score of 42 falls within the average range, suggesting
normal verbal fluency and executive functioning.
References
Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., & Spreen, O. (2006). A Compendium of Neuropsychological
Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.

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Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) Report

Education: MS Clinical Psychology

D.O.B: 1st January, 1989

Date of Test Administration: 21st-05-2024

Setting/ Testing situation: University Classroom

Participant: MSCP semester III student

Preferred hand: Right

seemed to be with fine mood and comfortable.

The participant demonstrated proficiency across various cognitive domains, including

deficits in reasoning, problem-solving, or memory. The participant's performance suggested

functioning and support the absence of notable intellectual concerns.

Family History of Disease

There was no any physical or psychological impairment history in participant’s family.

neuropsychological assessment aimed at evaluating participant’s cognitive functioning,

particularly her verbal fluency and executive functioning skills.

term memory, switching, and inhibitory control.

- Letter S:15 words

Participant’s performance on the COWAT phonemic fluency tasks was as follows:

- Letter F: Generated 14 words, which is within the average range.

- Letter A: Generated 13 words, which is within the average range.

Brain Functions Assessed

significant memory retrieval issues.

normal verbal fluency and executive functioning.

Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., & Spreen, O. (2006). A Compendium of Neuropsychological

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