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    Composition and Functions of State Legislature

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    Composition and Functions of State Legislature

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    composition and functions of state legislature

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    Composition and Functions of State Legislature

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    Composition and Functions of State Legislature

    The State Legislature in India varies depending on whether the state has a unicameral or
    bicameral system. A unicameral system has only one house (Legislative Assembly), while a
    bicameral system has two houses (Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council). Here’s a
    detailed overview:

    ### Composition

    #### Unicameral Legislature

    - **Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)**:

    - **Members**: The number of members varies from state to state, based on the
    population. Members are directly elected by the people of the state.

    - **Term**: Typically five years, unless dissolved earlier.

    - **Qualification**: A member must be at least 25 years old, a citizen of India, and meet
    other qualifications as prescribed by the Constitution.

    #### Bicameral Legislature

    - **Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)**: As described above.

    - **Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad)**:

    - **Members**: The number of members is about one-third of the size of the Legislative
    Assembly but not less than 40 members. They are partly elected and partly nominated.

    - **Term**: Members serve for six years, with one-third retiring every two years.

    - **Composition**:

    - One-third elected by the members of local bodies.

    - One-third elected by the Legislative Assembly members.

    - One-twelfth elected by graduates in the state.

    - One-twelfth elected by teachers.


    - Remaining members nominated by the Governor.

    - **Qualification**: A member must be at least 30 years old, a citizen of India, and meet
    other qualifications as prescribed by the Constitution.

    ### Functions

    #### Legislative Functions

    - **Law Making**: Both houses (if bicameral) or the single house (if unicameral) pass bills
    that, upon receiving the Governor’s assent, become laws.

    - **Budget Approval**: Discusses and approves the state budget, granting permission for
    the government to raise and spend money.

    - **Amendments**: Can propose and pass amendments to existing laws.

    #### Executive Oversight

    - **Question Hour**: Members question the government on various issues, holding the
    executive accountable.

    - **Motions and Resolutions**: Members can move motions and resolutions to discuss
    specific policies and issues.

    - **Committees**: Various committees (like Public Accounts Committee, Estimates


    Committee) scrutinize the work of the executive.

    #### Electoral Functions

    - **Election of Members**: Legislative Assembly members participate in the election of the


    President of India and members of the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament).

    - **Council Elections**: In states with a Legislative Council, the Assembly elects a portion
    of its members.

    #### Financial Functions


    - **Budget Passage**: Examines, modifies, and approves the state’s budget and financial
    bills.

    - **Taxation**: Grants or withholds approval for the imposition of new taxes.

    #### Judicial Functions

    - **Impeachment**: Can initiate proceedings for the impeachment of the state Governor.

    - **Judicial Review**: Members have the right to review the performance of the judiciary
    within the state, though this is more a function of the legislative committees.

    ### Role in Governance

    - **Representation**: Represents the interests and aspirations of the people.

    - **Legislation**: Passes laws that shape the state’s policy and governance.

    - **Accountability**: Ensures the state government is accountable to the people through


    various checks and balances.

    In summary, the State Legislature, whether unicameral or bicameral, plays a crucial role in
    the governance of the state, shaping laws, overseeing the executive, and representing the
    people’s interests.

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