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Stat F4 Lesson 7

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Stat F4 Lesson 7

Uploaded by

abuayub abusalim
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATHEMATICS

Form IV
Chapter 4: STATISTICS
Lesson 7
Variance and standard deviation
Variance is the measures of how spread out a distribution is. In
other words, it is the measures of variability. Variance is
symbolized by 𝝈𝟐 or s2 . The variance is computed as the average
squared deviation of each number from its mean. The variance of
ungrouped data is obtained by:
σ 𝒙−ഥ𝒙 𝟐
Variance (𝝈𝟐 ) =
𝑵
The variance of grouped data is obtained by:
σ 𝐟 𝒙−ഥ𝒙 𝟐
Variance (𝝈𝟐 ) =
σ𝐟
Example: 1
Calculate the Variance of the data: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
σ𝒏 𝟏𝟓
ഥ=
𝒙 = =𝟑
𝒏 𝟓
ഥ = 𝟏 − 𝟑, 𝟐 − 𝟑, 𝟑 − 𝟑, 𝟒 − 𝟑, 𝟓 − 𝟑
𝒙−𝒙
= −𝟐, −𝟏, 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐
𝟐
ഥ
𝒙−𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐 , 𝟏𝟐 , 𝟎𝟐 , 𝟏𝟐 , 𝟐𝟐
ഥ 𝟐
෍ 𝒙−𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎

𝟐 σ 𝒙−ഥ𝒙 𝟐 𝟏𝟎
𝝈 = = =𝟐
𝑵 𝟓
Example 2:
Calculate the variance of the data below :

𝒙 ഥ
𝒙 𝒙−𝒙 ഥ ഥ
𝒙−𝒙 𝟐

5 5 0 0
6 5 1 1
7 5 2 4
2 5 -3 9
ഥ 𝟐 = 14
σ 𝒙−𝒙
𝟐 σ 𝒙−ഥ𝒙 𝟐 𝟏𝟒
𝝈 = = = 𝟑. 𝟓
𝑵 𝟒
Example 3:
Calculate the variance of the data below in the table:

𝒙 ഥ
𝒙 ഥ
𝒙−𝒙 ഥ 𝟐
𝒙−𝒙
3 5.6 - 2.6 6.76
4 5.6 - 1.6 2.56
6 5.6 0.4 0.16
7 5.6 1.4 1.96
8 5.6 2.4 5.76

𝟐 ഥ = 17.2
σ 𝒙−𝒙
𝟐
σ 𝒙−𝒙ഥ 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐
𝝈 = = = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟒
𝑵 𝟓
Exercise 1:

Calculate the variance:

a. 4, 6, 9

b. 4, 2, 6, 8, 5
Exercise 2:

Calculate the Variance

𝒙 ഥ
𝒙 𝒙−𝒙 ഥ 𝒙𝒙−
−𝒙 ഥ𝟐
ഥ𝒙
10 9 1 1
12 9 3 9
8 9 -1 1
6 9 -3 9
ഥ 𝟐 = 20
σ 𝒙−𝒙
σ 𝒙−𝒙ഥ 𝟐 𝟐𝟎
𝟐
𝝈 = = =𝟓
𝑵 𝟒
Standard deviation
The standard deviation is a measure that summarizes the amount by
which every value within a dataset varies from the mean. Effectively it
indicates how tightly the values in the dataset are bunched around the
mean value. it is the square root of the variance.
σ 𝒙−ഥ𝒙 𝟐
Standard deviation 𝜹 = 𝒐𝒓 𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝑵
Example: 1
Calculate the Variance and standard deviation of the data set :
6, 2, 4, 3, 8
Solutions

𝒙 ഥ
𝒙 ഥ
𝒙−𝒙 ഥ 𝟐
𝒙−𝒙
2 5 -3 9
3 5 -2 4
5 5 0 0
7 5 2 4
8 5 3 9

σ 𝒙−𝒙ഥ 𝟐 𝟐𝟔 ഥ 𝟐 = 26
σ 𝒙−𝒙
𝒗𝒂𝒓 𝝈𝟐 = = = 𝟓. 𝟐
𝑵 𝟓

σ 𝒙−𝒙ഥ 𝟐
(𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏)𝜹 = = 𝟓. 𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖
𝑵
Exercise:
1. A population consists of four observations: {1, 3, 5, 7}. What
is the variance and standard deviation?
2. Find the mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of
the following set of numbers:
a. 12, 15, 20, 40
b. 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15
c. 2, 5, 7, 9,12, 20, 15, 9
Examination results Frequency
3. Find the variance and standard 0–4 7
deviation of the data below:
4–8 3
8 – 12 2
12 – 16 1

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