AL-WAHID MODEL COLLEGE

IYANA-ILOGBO,OGUN STATE

THIRD TERM LESSON NOTES

SS1
 THIRD TERM E-LEARNING NOTE
SUBJECT: ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASS S.S 1

SCHEME OF WORK

TOPIC
WEEK 1
Revision of Last Term’s Work and Examination
Comprehension- Reading to grasp word meanings in various contexts.
Commonly Misspelt Words
The Use of Dictionary
WEEK 2
Practical Approach to Summary Writing
Comprehension: Reading for the main point. “Beauty”
Vocabulary Development: Advertising
Structure: Adjuncts: explanation and Examples
Writing: Narrative Essay: Explanation, Features and Outline of a topic
WEEK 3
Comprehension: Fishing in Hausa Land, page 227, Effective English
Summary Writing: A Sample Passage, page 152-153.
Vocabulary Development: Words associated with home and family life.
Writing: Expository Essay: Explanation, Features and Outline of a topic
Structure: Introduction to Clauses.
WEEK 4
Essay Writing: More on formal letter.
Speech Work: Rhymes
Vocabulary Development: Words Associated with Government and Politics.
WEEK 5
Comprehension / Reading Skills: More on Skimming and Scanning.
Speech work: Diphthongs /ei/ and /ai/
Structure: Conjuncts and Disjuncts.
WEEK 6
Structures: Plural forms of Nouns and Compound Nouns.
Speech work: Words of two syllables which are stressed on the first or second syllables
Essay Writing: Story Writing- A story which illustrates the saying- It is a man’s world”
WEEK 7
Comprehension and Reading Skills: Reading for leisure
Writing: Semi Formal Letter: Explanation and Features
Sentence Structure and formation.
Spelling: Dropping (e) and retaining (e)
WEEK 8
Comprehension; Summarizing in a specified number of sentences
Speech Work: Homophones
Structure: Functions of comparatives.
Vocabulary Development: Sports and Entertainment.
 WEEK 9
Comprehension/Reading Skills: Identifying statutory topic, theme and key sentences of a passage.
Vocabulary Development: Words associated with journalism and advertising. Structure: Antonyms as
words opposite in meaning and nearly opposite in meaning.
Informal Letter Writing: Explanation and Features
WEEK 10
Comprehension/Speaking skill. Speech work: contrasting /i/ and /i: /.
Essay writing: Argumentative – Indiscipline is Responsible for the Poor Performances of Students in
Examinations’
Structure: Pronoun references to the three Persons in English
WEEK 11
Comprehension: Summarizing in a specified number of words. Vocabulary Development: Words
associated with Building. Structure: synonyms: words nearest in meaning
Revision and Examination

WEEK ONE
TOPIC
Revision of last term’s work and examination
Comprehension: Reading to grasp words meanings in various contexts.
Commonly Misspelt Words

Comprehension: Reading to grasp words meanings in various contexts.

 Content:
 Reading
Contextual Usage of Words
The passage in unit 8 page 133 makes comparison between men and women from some findings, it is
concluded that men interrupt discussion more than women. Also, it’s recorded that certain men
consistently dominate talk in any conversation.
Words can give various meanings in various contexts, for example; the word ‘man’ can be used to have
various meanings in various context e.g. That man is my father. ‘man’ in this context means an adult
male human being.

EVALUATION
State the synonyms of the following:
1. Appreciate
2. Debt
3. Forgiveness

He was assigned to man the gate of the company. ‘man ‘ here means guide, He is to man the office
‘man’ here means take charge, or manage.

In the passage read, the word ‘sex’ as used in the passage means ‘gender’.
In another context it could mean an intercourse between a male and a female.

‘leave’ in the first line of the second paragraph means ‘make.’ ‘leave’ could also mean vacate or a short
break from work.
EVALUATION
Give another word to the underlined words as used in the passage
1. The woman railed profusely when talking
2. I have walked down the rail on the stair case
3. The rail is risky for vehicles to cross

READING ASSIGNMENT
Unit 10 page 162 of the Effective English.
Commonly Misspelt Words
There are words that students easily get confused about in terms of spelling. The words are:
Misspelling Correct spelling
Accomodations Accommodation
Begining Beginning
Clearify Clarify
Continous Continuous
Defiinate Definite
Convenant covenant
Dilligent diligent
Auxillary Auxiliary
Enimity Enmity
Enviroment Environment
Greatful grateful

EVALUATION: write out the correct spellings of the following words: grammer, guidiance, fourty,
intrest, grieivous, mispel, bustop, noticable, ocasion, occured.

D. The Use of Dictionary

The dictionary is used for the following of purposes: meaning, spelling, pronunciation, usage,
stress, collocation, transcription, parts of speech/ word classes etc. consider the word ‘abuse’.
1. Abuse:
i. Word class: Noun, Verb.
ii. Transcription: /әbju:s/(N), /әbju:z/(V)
iii. Meaning: misuse, unfair violent treatment insult
iv. Collocation: drug/alcohol/substance abuse

Note: The transcription of the word ‘abuse’ above already include its stress, while the collocation covers
its usage as well. The Oxford Advanced Dictionary is used here.

EVALUATION
Using a good dictionary, write out the transcription, word class, meaning, stress, collocation/usage of
these words: rapport, acquaint. Defer. Solicit, acquiesce, cohere, comply, concur, obsess, and concede.

WEEK TWO
TOPIC
Practical Approach to Summary Writing
Vocabulary Development: Advertising
Comprehension; Reading for main point “Beauty”
Structure: Adjuncts: Explanation, Categories and Examples.
Writing: Narrative Essay: Explanation, Features and Outline on a Topic

A. Practical to Approach Summary Writing.

There are two approaches to summary writing: the précis and the question-answer type. For the sake of
WAEC, we will look at the rules guiding the second one.

Rules of Summary
i. Read the passage twice or three times and make sure you understand it before attempting the
questions.
ii. Answers to summary questions must be as short as possible. You will be penalized for
wordiness.
iii. You must write your answers in your own words; lifting attracts zero.
iv. Avoid the inclusion of extraneous materials in your answers.
v. Your answers must be written in sentences and numbered. Answers in phrases will attract
penalty.
vi. Ensure your answers are error-free. Grammatical errors will also be penalized.
vii. Avoid ambiguous expressions in your answers. Be as clear as possible.

EVALUATION
Read the passage on page 212 to 214 and answer the summary questions on page 215 of Effective
English book 1.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Page 111 – 112 of Countdown English (Revised Edition)

B. Vocabulary Development: Advertising

 Explanation
 Relevant words
Advertisement – texts, pictures and illustrations or music used in creating awareness about a product or
service.
Target – the group of people that an advert is aimed at. It may be children, men, students etc.
Advertising – is the process of creating awareness on a product or service.
Publicity – any material that is written or spoken about a product or service.
Market – those who may buy the product
Branding – is the activity of giving a particular name and image to a product/goods or services.

EVALUATION
 i. A public announcement of a product or service is called ______(billboard, newsletter,
advertisement)
ii. ______ is the person/group that consumes the product. ( advertiser, agent, end-user)
iii. The activity that is related to buying and selling of goods and services on TV or Radio is
____( commercials, announcements, news casting)
iv. _____ is a company which helps produces advertise their products. ( consumer, advertising
agency, public relation unit)
v. A reduction in the price of something is _____ ( gift, dash, discount)

READING ASSIGNMENT
Page 183 – 184 of Countdown English ( Revised Edition)

C. Structure: Adjunct: Explanation, Categories, Examples.

This is a type of adverb which modifies the verb by altering its meaning. An adverb answers the
questions how, when, where, to what extent, hoofter etc. the action in a sentence has been performed.
i. The teacher taught us well. (how?)
ii. The programmer ended happily. (how?)
iii. The lesson will commence now. ( when?)
iv. I will see you later.(when?)
v. He sometimes forgets his own name. (how often?)
Adjuncts are classified with the following categories:

Name Questions Examples

Manner How? Well, quickly, slowly, fast
Time When? Now, again, lately, soon, yesterday.
Place where? There, near, outside, somewhere
Degree To what extent? Scarcely, quite, hardly, very
Frequency How often often, usually, normally
Direction ____ forward, away, eastward

EVALUATION
Write six sentences each containing a category of adjunct given above and underline the adjuncts.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Page 250 of Countdown English Language (Revised Edition)

D. Narrative Essay
Contents: Explanation, Features and Outline of a Topic.
A narrative essay is a written account of an imaginary or real event in the past. This involves detailed
explanation and orderly arrangement of the storyline or incidents.

Basic Features
1. The title is boldly written in capital letters ( preferably)
 2. The past tense is used in expression.
3. There should be vivid description of events.
4. The events should be orderly/ chronologically arranged and properly linked together.
5. The paragraph should be well developed and embellished with figurative language, proverbs etc.
to make it interesting

Outline: My Most Interesting Journey

 The preparation for the journey, and why.
 When the journey started ( morning, afternoon)
 Describe how you felt and who or what you saw.
 Explain the interesting part of it using figures of speech
 State how long it lasted and when you arrived.
 Conclusion: lessons learnt (if any)

EVALUATION
Mention the key features of a narrative you write the essay as an assignment.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Page 6 of Countdown English (Revised Edition)

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the italized words and that will, at the same
time correctly fill the gap in the sentence.
1. One of the two armed robbers was daring (a) Morose (b) reckless (c) rational (d) secretive (e) timid
2. You must conform with the school rules, for if you ____ you will make discipline impossible. (a)
deny (b) avoid (c) follow (d) deviate (e) denigrate
3. Many people in developing countries are indigent ; but in the countries that are more highly
developed technologically, there are more ……….people. (a)indigenous (b) poor
(c) effluent (d) affluent (e) industrialized.
4. The player was reprimanded by his coach. (a) raised (b) promoted (c) praised (d) bullied
5. Everyone was convinced of his innocence

THEORY
1. Write five examples of a noun clause
2. Write three examples for each of the following : Adverbial and Adjectival Clauses.

WEEK THREE
TOPIC
Comprehension: Fishing in Hausa Land.
Summary: A sample Passage.
Vocabulary Development: Words Associated with home and family life.

A. COMPREHENSION: Fishing in Hausa Land, page 227 of Effective English

CONTENT
 Reading
 Explanation.
The passage is about how fishing is done in Hausa Land. It consists of the explanation and equipment
used in fishing. Read the passage and answer the questions unit.

EVALUATION
Answer the questions on the passage.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Page 227 – 228 of Effective English For SS1.

B. Summary Writing: Leisure Time ( page 152 – 153) of Effective English Book 1.
Content
The passage is about Leisure time and how it is spent from time immemorial. You are expected to read
the passage twice or three times to understand it fully and then answer the summary questions on it.

EVALAUTION
Answer the summary questions of this passage on page 154 and submit to your teacher.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Countdown English ( Revised Edition).

C. STRUCTURE: INTRODUCTION TO CLAUSES

Contents:
 Features of the Clause
 Types of Subordinate Clauses
 Features or Clauses

A Clause should have a subject and a predicate. E.g

Subject Predicate
Idowu bought a piece of land
A Clause must always have a finite verb and it distinguishes it from a phrase.

Types of Clauses
Independent and Dependent Clauses.
Independent Clauses: These are also called main or principal clauses. It expresses a complete thought
and can stand on its own as a sentence e.g
My English Master is a kind man.
Tope is coming here tomorrow.
Dependent Clauses: These are also called subordinate clauses, It doesn’t express a complete thought and
cannot stand on its own as a sentences. It depends on an independent clause for its meaning
e.g……………………which he recommended
……………………….whose biro was stolen

Types of Dependent/Subordinate Clause.

There are three types of subordinate clauses: Noun,, Adjectival and Adverbial Clauses.
1. A Noun Clause is a subordinate clause that performs the functions of a noun e.g.
N
i. What he said IS BITTER ( SUBEJCT )
N
ii. Truth is bitter ( subject )b
B(i) The important thing is that he has arrived
Noun Clause).
2. Adjectival Clauses and their Functions.
An adjectival clause is a subordinate clause that performs the functions of an adjective, that is modifies
a noun or pronouns. The following subordinating conjunctions are usually employed to introduce
adjectival clauses. Who, whom, whose, that, which, where, when, etc. e.g
i. The man who came here is a teacher
ii. The house, which has been renovated looks very new
iii. The Lady whose car was stolen is crying.
3. Adverbial Clauses and their function:
An adverbial clause is a subordinate clause that performs the functions of an adverb, such as telling us
how, when where, why to what extent or under what conditions, the actions of the verb is performed. In
other words, the adverbial clause modifies the verb in the main clause.
She sings as if she were hungry
Tope greeted me when she came to my office.

TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

I. Manner ii. Time iii. Place iv. Reason or cause v. conditions vi. Purpose vii.
Result viii. Comparison ix concession

EVALUATION
Underline and identify the types of clauses in the following sentences.
a. We heard what he said.
b. The girl wanted what I could not give her.
c. The principal who I told you about is a sadist.
d. It happened on a day when I left the town.
e. Go and bring water while I fetch wood.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Count down in English Language by Evans pg 220-224.

D. Writing: Expository Essay

 Content:
 Explanation
 Features
 Outline on a Topic.

An expository essay is a type of essay that aims to instruct, inform, explain, criticize or analyse issues.
In expository essay, we basically get educated or enlightened on such burning issues.

Features
1. The topic is boldly written in capital letters ( preferably).
2. The points/arguments should be logically presented.
3. Paragraphs should be developed with facts, examples and illustrations, comparison and contrasts,
connectives.
4. Proper definition and explanation of vague ideas is vital.
5. The present tense is used.

Outline: The Problem With Nigeria

 You can start by acknowledging the fact of the topic.
 Mention at least three major problems and their causes.
 Discuss how these problems are affecting us as a nation.
 Suggest viable solutions to these problems.
 Use facts and data from daily news.
 Conclusions: recap and buttress your points.

EVALUATION
Write an essay on the outlined topic above.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Page 19 – 21 of Countdown English Language (Revised Edition)

Family Relationship:
Mother, Father, brother, sister, half-brother etc half brother :C = a boy or man who has the same mother
of father as one half (also half sister).
Grandchild – child of one’s son or daughter.
Cousin – child of one’s uncle of aunt
Uncle – brother of one’s mother of father or husband of one’s aunt.
Aunt- sister of one’s mother or father or wife of one’s uncle
Nephew ( son of one’s sister or brother
Step Mother - Woman who maries one’s father (also step father )
Relative – member of the same family or extended family as oneself
Family – group of people consisting of parents and their children
Extended family – group of people consisting of parents and their children and such other people as
one’s aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents.
Distant Relative - Relative such as one’s cousin’s child).
Nuclear Family – Family consisting only of parents and their children and not including aunts, uncles,
cousins, etc.
Words for objects in the Home furniture = “Large movable objects such as tables, chairs, beds, used in a
room for sitting, sleeping or putting things on.
Utensils tools or objects for cooking
Wardrobe - Tall cupboard where one can hang one’s clothes
Grinder – ( device for crushing some things into small piece or making it into a powder’).
Blender - machine used in the kitchen for mixing liquids and soft food together into a smooth liquid
substance.’.
Fridge – Cooling container for keeping food and other things in so that they stay fresh.
EVALUATION
Complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word.
1. The daughter of one’s sister or brother is one’s ……….
2. Janice cannot marry yet because her ………. has not been able to pay the bride price.
3. There are no cooking ….such as pots and saucepans in the kitchen.
4. Saturday mornings are spent……. The floor with stiff brushes and plenty of water.
5. Out of the following only a …..is not a member of the nuclear family.
(a) Cousin (b) Father ( C) brother (d) Mother (e) Sister.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Register: pg 112 Exam Focus: English for JSCE.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Choose the word that contains the same sound as the sound represented by the underlined letters in the
given word.
1. Splash (a) measure (b) bus (c) buzz (d) shoot
2. Choleric (a) chores (b) chap (c) cattle (d) short
3. Yesterday (a )joyful (b) union (c ) please (d) physics
4. Toddler. (a) thunder (b) weather ( c) cooked (d) though
5. Tough (a)phase (b) ghost (c ) long (d) garden (e) high

THEORY
Write five examples of a noun clause performing different functions.

WEEK FOUR
TOPIC
 Speech Work: Rhymes
 Essay Writing: More on formal Letter
 Vocabulary Development: Words associated with Government and Politics

A. RHYMES
 Content
 Definition
 Rhyme pairs

Rhyme is two letters that have the same ending sound. Rhyme is also used in poetry to refer to a pair of
lines that ends with the same sequence of sounds.

Rhymes Pairs
1. Should Would
2. Food Sued
3. Bird Word
4. Laugh Calf
5. Ride Site
6. Buy Sky
7. Head Said
8. Fail Sail
9. Hair Bear
10. Breeze Please
11. Know Hoe
12. Crave Grave
13. Shock Rock
14. ball call
15. dove love

EVALUATION
From the words lettered A-D, chosen the word has the same VOWEL sound as the one represented by
the letter(s) underlined.
A B C D
Lock Work Port Talk Nurse
Best Regale Vehicle Many Legal
Grew Sew Who Pull Know
Hill Chief Hike Saw Fit
Hunt Rough Cough Huge Burnt

READING ASSIGNMENT
More on Rhyme Standard Speech 10 page 32

B. ESSAY WRITING: More on Formal Letter

Content
 Definition
 Features
Another name for formal letters is official letters. They are letters we write to people in official
positions.
Features
1. Writer’s Address
This should be written at the top right hand corner of the page like this:
10, Adeniregun Street,
Iyana Ilogbo,
Ifo,
Ogun State,
Nigeria.
15 May, 2024.
th

2. Receiver’s Address: This is written on the line following the date on the left hand side of the page.
e.g.

The Director,
Pmos Royal Ventures,
P.M.B. 10016,
Abeokuta.

3. Salutation
The salutation is the greeting, which comes after the receiver’s address.
“Dear Sir” or “Dear Madam”. The “S” or “M” must be in capital as in the following.

Dear Madam,
Dear Sir,

There is also a compulsory comma after the salutation.

4. Heading or Topic or Title

This comes directly after the salutation but not on the same line. It is only official letter that has a
heading and it is normally short e.g.
i. Invitation to a religious seminar
ii. Complaints about the lack of facilities in my area.
The heading should either be written in capital letter all through or underlined when the first word of
every lexical item is in capital letter

5. Body of the Letter

No room for exchange of pleasantries matters. Slang and contracted forms like won’t, can’t. Use polite
and formal words

6. Subscript (Complementary close)

Formal letters end mostly with

“Yours faithfully,
signature
Ismail Mudashir.
EVALUATION
Write a letter to the Commissioner for Education in your state, informing him of your council’s plan and
how the council intends to implements its aid programme to school.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Countdown in English page 54-57

C. VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Content
 Definition
 Relevant words
Definition
Government: It is a form of system of government or the act or process of governing

Politics: It is an idea and activities that are concerned with the gaining and using of power in a country,
city e.t.c.

Relevant words Meaning

1 Ballot box Box into which voters put their ballot paper
2 Constituency Voters in a district or area; the district or area itself
3 Democracy Government that is run by all the people, directly or through representatives.
4 Despot Ruler who does what he likes and oppresses the people directly or through
representatives
5 Electoral Group of people who have already been voted in as members of house, who now
College may vote in the president
6 Nomination Act of naming a candidate for a post or office
7 Political Party Group of persons or an association formed for the purpose of practising politics.
8 Voting Age Minimum age at which one is eligible to vote
9 Election An occasion when people vote to choose someone for an official position;

EVALUATION
Choose five vocabularies of government and politics and use them in sentences.

Use them in sentences

READING ASSIGNMENT
Countdown in English by Evans 147-148

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Fill in the blanks in the following passage with one of the words in the brackets (democracy, executive,
despot, legislature, voting, ballet, electoral, booth, party, vote, constituency, candidate, nominate,
election)
In a ___________ system of government an ________ president can very easily become a _________
unless his __________ refused to _______ him for another term. Usually, ___________is by
___________ . Each is usually nominated in his _________by his party.

THEORY
Write a letter to your father who is in another country telling him about the political situation of your
country.

WEEK FIVE
TOPIC
 Comprehension / Reading Skills: More on scanning and skimming
 Speech Work: Contrasting /s/ and /z/ and /ʒ/ /f/ and /v/
 Structure to Nominalization

A. COMPREHENSION/ READING SKILLS

Content
 Skimming
 Scanning

i. Skimming
This is the process of going through written materials very fast in search of the main ideas. It involves
glancing through the text to determine its gist. It also implies rapid reading with special attention to the
main points. The reader who is skimming looks for keywords headings, sub-headings e.t.c. The reader
covers the entire reading materials as quickly as possible jotting down only the salient or cogent points.
One of the major purposes of skimming is the location of main ideas. It is looking quickly over the text
to get a general superficial idea of the content of the printed material

ii. Scanning
The major purpose of scanning is the rapid and efficient location of specific words, facts or details. It is
the processing of large quantities of print materials for the purpose of localising particular facts or
details. The reader is expected to look at the materials to be read attentively in order to find out the
suitability or relevance of the material for a given purposes. The reader is expected to fast phrase by
phrase with flexibility and a high degree of concentration in an attempt to draw out the salient points.

EVALUATION
Skim and scan through the comprehension passage on page 152 of your Effective English and answer
the questions under it.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Page 152- 153 of the Effective English

B. Speech Work: Contrasting /s/ and /z/ and /ʒ/, /f/ and /v/
/f/ is a voiceless labio dental fricative while /v/ is a voiced labio dental fricative
contrast

/v/ /f/
Vine Fine
Vast Fast
Halve Half
Alive Life
Proof Prove
Save Safe
Divine Define
Review Refuse
Invest Infest
Starve Staff
Sieve Sift
Live Life

/s/ /z/
/s/ is a voiceless alveolar fricative
/z/ is a voiced alveolar fricative
/s/ /z/
Sow Zoo
Sip Zip
Bless Breeze
Rice Rise
Dice Dries
Bins Beans
Bus Business
Excess Example

/ʒ/ /ʃ/
/ʒ/is a voiced post alveolar fricative
/ʃ/ is a voiceless post alveolar fricative
contrast
/ʒ/ /ʃ/
Vicious Erasure
Gracious Pleasure
Nation Treasure
Machine Exposure
Precious Measure
 Commotion Confusion
Indication Decision
Shrub Beige
Chauffeur Mirage

EVALUATION
Write 2 words each to show contrast of the following pairs of sounds:
i. / ʃ / and /ʒ/,
ii. /s/ and /z/
iii. /v/ and /f/
READING ASSIGNMENT
Standard Speech 10 Book, Diction in English Course page 2-6

C. INTRODUCTION TO NOMINALIZATION
Content
 Definition
 Affixation
 Compounding
Nominalization refers to the conversion from other word classes into nouns. The methods of deriving
nouns include the following: Affixation, The use of the definite article (the) + Adjective, Compounding.

Affixation refers to the way affixes (bound morphemes) are applied to the word with new meanings, or
to modify the meaning of words or change the grammatical classes of words. Affixes include prefixes,
suffixes and infixes.

Suffixes used to form nouns include the follwing: ment, ness, ion, ship, hood, ation, ance, /ence,
ancy/ency, atis, cido, ism, ist, re/or,ee, ster,ess/tress /trix/ ine, let/ ette/ -ette/ -ling, -ve, -ant, -ing

“ment” it usually goes with verbs

 Enslavement – enslave
 Encroach – encroachment
 Enlighten – enlightenment

“ness”- This norpheme is applied to adjectives especially those that end with – ful, less, -y, ous, -ve e.g.
 Useful – usefulness
 Heartless – heartlessness
 Callous – callousness

“ity”- It’s often connected to adjective especially those that end with “ic”, “se”, “re”, “al” , “cal”, “ous”,
“ve”, “ble”, “able”, “ce”
e.g.
 Ethnic – ethnicity
 Intense – intensity

“hood”- It is attached to nouns, adjectives or adverbs

  Man- manhood
 Priest – priesthood

Compounding: A compound noun is a noun composed of more than one word. The plural form of a
compound noun is derived through the addition of “s” or ( an equivalent plural marker) to the major
word of the compound noun.

The major word may be the initial part of the compound e.g.
Singular Plural
Secretary-general Secretaries-general
Court-martial Courts-martial
Hanger-on Hangers-on
Solicitor-general Solicitors-general

The main word is the final part of the compound

Headscarf Headscarfs
Talisman Talismans
Linguafranca Linguafrancas
Child soldier Child soldiers
Man eater Man eaters
By election By elections
Highway man Highway men

Compound nouns that accept plurals in both parts

Singular Plural
Woman Women pilots
pilot
Man friend Men friends

EVALUATION
Use the following affixes to form nouns: phaty, ancy, graphy, tis, archy, ology.

Reading Assignment
Nominalization: page 67 – 95 of Towards Effective Use of English by Folu Agoi

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Question 2 & 3 of Effective English page 205

WEEK SIX
TOPIC
Structures: Prefixes and Negation
Suffixes of Pluralization and tenses
Speech Work: Words of two syllables which are stressed on the first or second syllables.
Essay Writing: story writing- A story which illustrates the saying .”it is a man’s world “/
A: Prefixes and Negation of Pluralization and Tenses.
a. Prefixes Meaning Examples
extra outside extraordinary, extra marital
ex out of ex- official
inter between/among inter marry, inter city
trans across trans Atlantic, Transpose, Transact
post after postgraduate, post natal,
pre before pre-history, pre-natal
super above super human, super natural, natural,
sub below substandard
ab away from abduct, aborigines,
unn bringing together annual
ante year antenatal
anti before anti social, anti clockwise.
Arch against archbishop, architect
Negation Suffixes are less,

Childless, fatherless, motherless , heartless, odourless, penniless, useless,

pluralization suffixes e.g ies, es,
babies, flies, cases, boxes,
Tense Suffixes e.g ‘en’, ‘ze’ . strengthen, deafen brighten, smoothen, widen
‘ze’
Practicalize, mobilize

EVALUATION
Write 2 examples for each of the following suffixes: less, ‘ze’, ‘es’, ‘en’.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Complete English Course page 420 – 423

B. Speech Work: Words of two Syllables which are stressed on the first or second syllable.
Content
Words of two syllables Stressed on first syllable
Words of two syllables stressed on the second syllable.
First Syllable.
The following words of two syllables are stressed on the first syllable

BAsic SOLemn
CREDit COLLar
CHRIStian CERtain
FORtune Period
HATred HAMlet
CAPtain VICtor
STUpid MANsion.
Exceptions to the above rule
1.When a two-syllable word contains a prefix, the primary stress is on the second syllable.
Here are some word examples:
1. begin (6) enGAGE
2. between (7)inspire
3. beFORE (8) Enough
4. inFORM (9) include
5. aWAY (10) desPITE

2. When a two – syllable could double as a noun and a verb, the first syllable takes stress whjen it is
noun and the second when it is a verb. E.g.

1. CONtent (5) conTENT

2. CONsent (6) conSENT
3. IMport (7) imPORT
4. REform (8) reFORM.

EVALUATION
Stress the following words of two syllables.
Constract,remit, betray, arrange, baggar, hundred, primer.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Syllables and stress page 23, standard speech 10, book , diction in English Course.

C. Essay Writing
A story which illustrates the saying – “It is a man’s World”
Content
Explanation
Writing of the story
A story writing requires imagination. The story must follow the order in which the events took
place,gradually moving the reader to the climax of your story.
The tile, it’s a man’s world, should have a story which revolves round men taking over in every area of
life. You can talk of a man in particular who exhibited the nature of men or with the help of other men
excelled in life.
It is also usual in a narrative to use the simple past tense very frequently since the account, relates to past
events, e.g. ‘he wrote’, ‘they thought’, ‘we were shocked’.
Be careful with your choice of tenses in this king of writing . See how appropriate the tenses are in the
following sentences.
i. We were sleeping when the robbers broke into the house
ii. When we arrived at the stadium, the match had gone on for twenty minutes

EVALUATION
Narrate a story on the topic, ‘It’s a man’s world”

READING ASSIGNMENT
Countdown WASSCE,/SSCE English Language by Evans pg 5-7
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Choose the right option
1. He would never do anything improper. He is an ………. Reputable man
(a) Emphatically (b) enormously (c) eminently
2. They were ………. Influenced by the words of the traditional ruler
(a) Intensely (b) successively (c) profoundly.
3. It is not at all harmful. On the contrary it is quite………..
(a) Innocuous (b) delightful (c) inefficient
4. They may disagree at first; but they will come round to your point of view………..
(a) Understandably (b) eventually (c ) swiftly.
5. They were agitating for the ………of smoking in public places
(a) abstinence (b) prohibition (c ) protest

Choose the option nearest in meaning .

1. The sight of her out of date clothes made many of sue smile
(a)old fashion (b) forgotten (c) made of date
2. No one greeted him or spoke to him and he realized he had become a pariah
(a) leper (b) outcast (c) traitor
3. He has such a strong personality : every one does what he wants
(a) character (b) face (c) body
4. It was such a peculiar thing to say; I can’t thing why he said it.
(a) strange (b) rude (c ) different
5. I can’t find it anywhere; so presumably its been lost or stolen
(a) undoubtedly (b) probably (c) clearly

3.
1. She makes a little money by selling cloth/ a cloth in a market
2. A care / the care/ care is needed when using sharp tools.
3. A nurse put dressing/ a dressing on the wound
4. I want my shirts to be bright/ a bright/ the bright colour – red or orange would do.
5. We went down a coal mine. It was interesting /an interesting/the interesting experience .

WEEK SEVEN
CONTENT
 Comprehension and Reading Skills
 Structure: Sentence Structure and Formation
 Spelling: Dropping ‘e’ and retaining ‘e’.

A. Comprehension: Reading Skill Unit 9: Entertainment

Content
Reading for Pleasure
Explanation

The passage is about a renowned Nigerian artiste’Onyeka Onwenu’. She is known for so many things a
‘grande dame’ of Nigerian music, broadcaster, signer, and award winning film actress, also known as a
politician. The article in the passage portrays her qualities and her ability to win over an audience.

EVALUATION
Answer the questions under the passage.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Effective English pag 147 – 148 (Entertainment Vocabularies )
B: Structure : Sentence Structure and Formation
Content: Types of Sentences According to Structure
Elements of Sentence Structure.
The types of sentence according to structure:
(a) Simple sentence: This contains only one clause e.g
Tope did not attend the party last night.
(b) The compound sentence : This contains two main clauses linked by a co-ordaining conjunction like
‘and’ ‘but’ ‘or.
Obi promised to visit us but he failed to do so
( c) The multiple sentence: This contains more than two main clauses linked by co-ordinating
conjunctions. Like:
He may do the work himself or he may ask somebody else to do it for him, but I want the wok to be
done.
(d) The complex sentence: This contains one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
We bought the book/ which he recommended. ( one main clause and one subordinate clause)
(e) The Compound Sentence: This contains more than one main clause and one or more subordinate
clauses.
Adamu came in the morning/ and told us/ that he was successful in the examination/ but that his scores
were low.
The Elements of Sentences
Structure:
Apart from dividing a sentence into subject and predicate, a sentence may be said to possess five units or
elements: subjects, verb, object, complement and adjunct (adverbial)

Element Abbreviation
A subject s
b. verb v
c. object o
d. complement c
e. adjunct(adverbial) A.

Examples.
S v o A
i. The policeman bought a new pistol last week

s v c
ii. the girls were speechless
The subject points to the person or things the sentence is about, i.e who or what is being discussed.

b. Predicate: This is the second basic part of a sentence, which indicates what is said about the person or
thing. The predicate includes the verb, auxiliaries, adverbs and adjectives which say something about the
subject e.g /P/
they suffered
C objects
We have direct and indirect object
Direct Object
Children play games
I played the piano

Indirect Obejcts
He buys me lovely shoes
Sarah gave her cat a bath
Me and her cat are indirect objects
Shoes and a bath are indirect objects
The indirect objects comes before the direct objects.

D. Complements: There are two types of complements subjects and object complements.
Subject of subject complement: the girl is kind
Ngozi is a teacher
Kind and a teacher are subjective complements.
Object or Objective Complement : The students made Samuel a Coach
The called Joseph a mad man
C. Adjunct (Adverbial ) : This is a word or group of words that acts as an adverb in a sentence. It
modifies a verb. It may be adverbial phrase, a prepositional phrase or a noun phrase.
The girl is in the room
The goat is behind the door
The seven basic simple sentence pattern:

1. The girl laughed S. V

2. Children play games SVO
3. Tope is a lawyer SVC
4. I gave Ife the book SVOO
5. She Considered him a foo SVOl
6. She is in the toilet SVA
7. I placed the cup on the table SVOA.

EVALUATION
Write five sentences and analyze the sentence elements in them.
C. Spelling Dropping ‘e’ and retaining ‘e’
Content; Words where ‘e’ drops
Words where ‘e’ is retained
Words where ‘e’ is dropped
1. In adjective ending in le, drop the en and add ‘y’ to form adverbs e.g
able ably
agreeable agreeably
ample amply
humble humbly
Words like fulfill and skilful, have a single l in the middle but double the final as in fulfilled and
skillfully.
2. In words ending in a silent e,
(a) drop the ‘e’ before suffixes, beginning with a vowel, but
(b) retain the ‘e’ before suffixes that begin with a consonant e.g. (a) suffixes beginning a vowel
continue continuous
(ous begins with ‘o’ a – vowel; so ‘e’ is dropped before ‘o’
live living
shine shining
write wiring
e.g. (b0 suffixes beginning with a consonant continue – continued ‘d’ is a consonant; so ‘e’ is kept
before ‘d’
live lived move movement love loved.
3. The final ‘e’ is dropped in the following e.g.
abridged abridgment
acknowledge acknowledgement
argue argument
judge judgment
lodge lodgment.
Words where ‘e’ is retained
1. In such words as given below from which adjectives can be formed, the ‘e’ is retained to keep
the c and g soft sounds
Notice noticeable, service serviceable, trace traceable, change changeable.
2. Sometimes the final ‘e’ is retained to avoid confusion with a smilar word.
Age ageing syringe syringing
3. In words ending in ‘oe; retain the ‘e’. eg. Canoe canoeing shoe shoeing
4. In the following cases the final ‘e’ is retained when adding ‘ly’ e.f nice nicely vague vaguely

READING ASSIGNMENT
Countdown in English by Evans pag 234 – 235

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Practice 2 & 3 pg 148 – 149.

WEEK EIGHT
Comprehension: Summarising in a specified number of sentences .
Speech Work: Intonation for simple polite rquest, simple greetings that attract quick response
Structure: Functions of Comparatives

A: Comprehension: Summarizing in a specified number of serntences

Content: Guide to summarizing in a specified number of ‘serntences’
1. Learn to identify the main idea or argument of the passage
2. change the order of the material if it is to your own advantage to do so.
3. as much as possible use your own words to answer the question
4. the explanation in your own words must not change or distort the meaning of the passage
5. do not change the original writer’s facts by wrong choice of words
6. answer to summary question must be as shrot as possible and as clear as possible.
7. your answers must be written out in sentences and nto phrases.
8. Do not answer in forms of paragraph each answer must be properly numbered and must appear
on a separate live
9. Do not join two points in one sentences
10. Its expedient for you to know that brevity is the essence of summary writing.

EVALUATION
Read the summary passage on pg 29-30 of your Effective English and Answer the Summary question
under it.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Summary writing page 102 – 103 of Countdown by Evans

B: Speech Work: Intonation

Content: Simple polite requests
Simple greetings that attracts quick response

Simple Polite Requests

A stressed syllable is indicated with a dash while an unstressed one is marked by a dot; a downward
curve (,) shows a fall in voice, an upward ( ) points to a rise.
A request gives a rising intonation e.g
May I see your passport please
Let me come in
Come here
Get out of the room
May I sit down
I would like to meet your friend
Could I have a look at those pictures
Simple Greetings That Attracts Quick Response
Good morning Res- Morning
Well done

EVALUATION
Study the conversation in practice 2 page 25 of your Effective English and answer the question in
practice 3.
C: Functions of Comparatives
Content
Meaning
Functions
Comparative is the second degree of comparison of adjectives. In the comparative we have the ‘er’
ending added to the plain ( positive ) word which means more so. E.g
Big bigger
The ‘est’ is the superlative which means more so than anything else.

Functions of comparative
 It expresses a higher degree of the quality
 It compares two things e.g.
i. Tope is stronger than Caleb
ii. Our team is more popular than yours.
Regular Comparative : Adding ‘er’
Positive comparative
Poor poorer
Tall taller
Fat fatter
Big bigger
Short shorter
Cold colder.

Add ‘more’

Positive Comparative
Expensive more expensive
Important more important
Handsome more handsome
Decreased degree of quality is usually shown by using less

Positive comparative
Strong stronger
Worthy less worthy
Fortunate less fortunate

Irregular Comparative: it changes the whole word to produce comparative and superlative forms.

Positive Comparative
Good better
Bad worse
Little less
Far farther .
EVALUATION
Write the comparative of the following adjectives: much, well, many, enviable, loyal.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Countdown in English by Evans pag 209 -210

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Pg 102 of the effective English test 1 & 4

WEEK 9
Comprehension: Identifying statutory topics, theme, and key sentences of a passage
Vocabulary Development : Words Associated with Journalism and Advertising.
Structure : Antonyms as words opposite in meaning.

A: Comprehension: Identifying statutory topic, theme, and key sentences of a passage

Content.
A: Statutory Topics
Theme
Key Sentences.

Statutory topics are the main topics of a passage. They are topics fixed for a particular passage. For
example, we have passages that their topics are based on statutory topics, like, Law, Jounrnalism,
Fishery, Photography etc.
The theme of a passage is the subject or main idea of a passage
Key sentences is the sentences comprises the main idea or what a particular paragraph is all about.
Let’s analyse the passage on page 125 of the Effective English.
- the fixed or statutory topic for the passage is nutrient supply to plant or sufficient nourishment to
plants.

- the theme are : Plants growth, Eradicating plants Deficiency.

- Key sentences are the topic sentences, they are the sentences that give birth to other contribution in a
paragraph, for example; the first sentence of paragraph one : “ Undernourishment is the cause of many
failures in vegetables, growing is the key sentences in paragraph one.
“Most plants obtain some of their food from the air …………..” is the key sentence for paragraph 2.
“ Extra supplies of essential chemical ……….” Is the key sentence for the last paragraph

EVALUATION
Read the passage on page 152 of the Effective English and analyze the statutory topics, themes, and the
key sentences.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Comprehension passage pg 125 of the Effective English
B: Vocabulary Development : Words Associated with Journalism and Advertising
Content:
Advertising and Journalism
Relevant words.
Advertising is a form of selling . It is a means of passing across messages from manufacturer and
advertisers to reach the customers.
Relevant Word
 1. Mass Media - the means of communication such as television, newspapers , and radio that reach
large number of people
2. Journalism ; the profession of collecting, writing and publishing news through the newspapers
and magazines or radio or television.
3. Press Conference : An interview for reporters given by a politician or film stars
4. Press Gallery : An area of newspaper reporters, especially in a legislative assembly.
5. Advertisement : any public announcement designed to sell goods or publicize an event
6. commercial
a. A radio or television advertisement
b. Sponsored or paid for by an advertiser
Copy – writer :- a person who writes the words contained in an advertisement
Mass communication : art of reaching a great number of people with information at the same
time
Other words to check
Advertisement space, yellow journalism, stickers, media, articulation, information, press release, junk
news, print media, journals, direct mail, periodicals, newspaper, magazine, television, radio .

EVALUATION
Choose five vocabularies of advertisement and sue them in sentences.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Unit 5 Advertising ;g 85-86 of the Effective English.

C. Antonyms as Words Opposite in meaning

Content
Definition
Formation of Antonyms
Antonyms are words which have opposite meanings. Sometimes, the antonyms are completely different
fin form (friend: enemy, seldom, often, fertile: barren ) at the other times, they are partially similar
inform (superior: inferior, regular: irregular )
Study the following antonyms.
i. antonyms that are completely different in form:
fertile barren
friend enemy
opaque transparent
victory defeat.
ii. Antonyms formed by adding a prefix ( a prefix is a word – elements added in front of a word)
adequate inadequate
legal illegal
loyal disloyal
possible impossible
regular irregular
respect disrespect
iii. Antonyms formed by changing the prefix:
ascend descend
construction destruction
encourage discourage
 export import.
iv. Cheerful cheerless
pitiful pitiless
sinful sinless.

EVALUATION
Write the antonyms of the following words
Cowardice, fertility, careful, protagonist , relevant

READING ASSIGNMENT
Countdown in English by Evans. Antonyms pg 161

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Practice 2 pg 86 of the Effective English
Practice 3 pg 88 of the Effective English.

WEEK TEN
CONTENT
 Comprehension : Speaking Skills
 Speech Work: Contrasting /i/ and /i/
 Essay Writing : Argumentative – Indiscipline is responsible for the poor performances of
students in examination

A: Comprehension : Speaking Skills , Communicable Sequence

Content
Reading page 99 – 100

Dialogue : Effective English.

The passage is about Titi’s parents who want to choose a suitable husband for her. Titi, however, loves
someone else. In this scene her parents try to persuade her to get rid of ‘cast off’ the man she loves and
accept their choice. If she agrees, she will have an enormous bride price ( all my store of coral and
gold shall be yours to command for dowry) Tit refused to be offered for sale so, she disobeyed her
parents.

EVALUATION
Answer the questions under the passage

READING ASSIGNMENT
Effective English page 101.

B: Speech Work : Contrasting /I/ and /i:/

Content; Vowels /i:/ and /I/
Contrast
/I/ is a short vowel
The spelling variants and word examples are
‘a’ – adage, village, palace
‘e’ – Peter, between, English
‘u’ – busy, minutes
‘ei’ - foreign
‘ie’ – chief, thief
‘y’ – busy , myth
o – women
‘I’ sit, pin, bin.
/i:/ is a long vowel
The spelling variant and words example are
‘a’ quay
‘ae’ – Caesar, aesthetic
‘e’ – eve, procedure
‘ee’ feed, weed, seed
‘ea’ – neat, peak, real
‘ei’ receive, deceive
‘I’ machine, prestige
‘ie’ relieve,believe
‘oe’ amoeba, oesophagus
‘ui’ suite
‘eo’ people.

Contrast.
/I:/ /i:/
hit heat
hill heel
sit seat
sin seen
dim deem
will wheel
list least
dip deep
lip leap
fill feel
bitch beach

EVALUATION
Find your own five words to contrast /i and /I/
Reading Assignment
Standard Speech 10 bk , diction in English course pg 11: vowel sounds
C. Essay Writing : Argumentative
Content: Explanation: outline , Writing .
Outline
i. Write your topic
ii. Do not greet because it is not a debate topic
iii. Give a clear, intelligent definition of the subject of discussion
iv. Define indiscipline in your introductory paragraph
 v. In the second to the fifth paragraph
vi. Conclude your argument in the last paragraph.

EVALUATION
Write an argumentative essay on the topic “Indiscipline is responsible for poor performances of students
in examination ‘.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Writing argumentative essays, pg 28 – 30 of the effective English

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Pg 166 of the effective English practice 2 and 3.

THEORY
Write an essay setting out your argument, either in favour or against the following topic. “Co-education
should be encouraged ins secondary schools’.

WEEK ELEVEN
CONTENT
 Comprehension : Summarizing in a specified number of words
 Vocabulary Development : Words associated with building
 Structure: Synonyms : Words nearest in meaning.

A: Comprehension: Summarizing in a specified number of words

Content:
You have learnt in the eight week how to summarize in a specified number of sentences, now you, want
to learn how to summarize in a specified number of words.
In this case your summary of the given passage must not exceed the specified number of words.
 it should be very brief
 A whole passage may be paraphrased into a paragraph or two
 For example, when there is a list of things like: pepper, tomatoes, onion, magi, salt,
groundnut, oil etc. you can summarize it to one word’ soup ingredient’.
or
cream, lipstick, powder, eye pencil, hair cream, etc ll these are summarized into one word, ‘cosmetics’

EVALUATION
Read the passage on pg 125 of your effective English and summarize into one hundred words

READING ASSIGNMENT
Faster Reading on page 168 of the Effective English

B: Vocabulary Development: Words Associated with Building

Content:
 Building
 Relevant Words
Building: A building has two main parts: the sub structure which is underground and the
superstructure which is the part above the ground. The substructure is usually called the foundation
Relevant Words.

Concrete mixture of cement, sand, gravel and water that hardens as it dries. (it’s used for foundation)
Glazier : person whose work is to put glass in windows.
Gravel pebbles and pieces of rock coarser than sand.
Scaffold temporary elevated structure or platform for holding workmen and materials during the
construction, repair of decoration of a building .
Mansory the skill of preparing and fixing stones in building .
Architect: A person who plans new buildings and sees that they are built properly.
Renovate: to put back into good condition
Furnish : to put furniture in a part of a building
Cistern A tank for storage of water, as part of the system which flushes body waste from the toilet
Plumber: A man whose job is to fit and repair water pipes, bathroom articles etc. Other related words.
Building plan, interior decoration, hinges, bricklayer, valuer, rubbles, tiles, commercial building,
residential building, lintels, contractor, lintels,.

EVALUATION
With the aid of your dictionary, find out the meaning of the five words from the words listed above and
use them in sentences.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Countdown in English By Evans pg 123.

C: Structure : Synonyms: Word Nearest in meaning

Content:
 Definition
 Words and their Synonyms

A synonym is a word which very nearly has the same meaning as some other words, and which can
replace the word in a sentence, without changing the meaning in the sentences. It helps to avoid
monotony in writing .
Note the following synonyms and the different shade of meanings:
Synonyms: odour, scent, smell, stench, aroma, fragrance.
Aroma: refers to a pungent, spicy odour e.g the aroma of peppers
Fragrance : Describes a smell that is sweet and agreeable e.g the fragrance of the rose flower odour
and smell: refer to something that may be either pleasant or unpleasant e.g. the odour of ol leather, the
smell of hydrogen sulphide.
Scent: is less strong than odour or smell as in the scent of lilac
Stench: is an offensive foul smell as the stench of burning rubber.

Typical Synonyms
Word Synonyms
Confess admit, own
Abandon give up, relinquish
 Dangerous risky, perilous
Surrender resign, yield
Expensive dear, costly
Disaster misfortune, calamity
Aloof shy, withdrawn
Dishonest unjust, deceptive
Compensate requite, atone
Dull gloomy cheerless
Reject expel, emit
Protagonist hero, star
Obliterate efface destroy
Generous liberal open-handed
Famous renowned eminent

EVALUATION
Find the synonyms of the following words request, rule, acute, entire, enemy.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Synonyms pg 160 of Countdown English Language by Evans

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Page 205 questions 2 and 3 of the Effective English