TABLE OF

CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………………………………………….
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………………………
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................01
1.1 OBJECTIVE….....................................................................................................................02
1.2 PROPOSAL….....................................................................................................................02
1.3 MODULE.............................................................................................................................02
1.4 APPLICATIONS.................................................................................................................03
1.5 FEATURES..........................................................................................................................05
1.6 TRADITIONAL SYSTEM…...............................................................................................06
1.6.1 PROS AND CONS OF TRADITIONAL SYSTEM…..................................06
1.7 INTRODUCTION TO DBMS.............................................................................................07
1.7.1 ADVANTAGES OF DBMS..........................................................................08
1.7.2 COMPONENTS OF DBMS...........................................................................09
CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................11
2.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................11
2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................11
2.3 SYSTEM TOOLS.................................................................................................................11
2.4 TRIGGER............................................................................................................................13
CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM DESIGN..........................................................................................................15
3.1 REQUIREMENTS AND CONSTRAINTS.........................................................................15
3.1.1 FUNCTIONAL CONSTRAINTS...............................................................................15
3.1.2 CONSTRAINTS.........................................................................................................16
3.2 ENTITIES AND ATTRIBUTES.........................................................................................17
3.3 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM…..........................................................................20
3.4 SCHEMA DIAGRAM….....................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 4: TESTING.........................................................................................................................24
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO TESTING........................................................................................24
4.1.1 TESTING PROCESS....................................................................................................24
4.1.2 UNIT TESTING............................................................................................................25
4.1.3 INTEGRATED TESTING............................................................................................25
4.1.4 SYSTEM TESTING......................................................................................................25
CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS AND RESULT..............................................................................................27
5.1 ANALYSIS OF PAYROLL MANAGEMENT.....................................................................27
5.2 WEBSITE SNAPSHOTS........................................................................................................28
5.3 DATABASE SNAPSHOTS....................................................................................................36
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………………….
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................................
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
 LIST OF

Fig 1.1 Components of DBMS 10

Fig 3.1 Entity relationship Diagram 21

Fig 3.2 Schema Diagram 23

Fig 5.1 Login Page 28

Fig 5.2 Home Page 28

Fig 5.3 Feedback Form 29

Fig 5.4 Attendance List 29

Fig 5.5 Attendance Updation 30

Fig 5.6 Payroll List 30

Fig 5.7 Payroll Items View 31

Fig 5.8 Report Generation 31

Fig 5.9 Trigger in Payroll 32

Fig 5.10 Employee List 32

 LIST OF

Fig 5.11 Department List 33

Fig 5.12 Trigger during data updation 33

Fig 5.13 Job List 34

Fig 5.14 Allowance List 34

Fig 5.15 Deduction List 35

Fig 5.16 Users 35

Fig 5.17 Tables 36

Fig 5.18 Payroll Items Table 36

Fig 5.19 Payroll Table 37

Fig 5.20 Employee Allowances Table 37

Fig 5.21 Employee Deductions Table 38

Fig 5.22 Users table 38

 ABSTRACT

The Payroll Management System is a comprehensive software solution designed to streamline

and automate the payroll process within organizations. It provides administrators with a user-
friendly interface to manage employee data efficiently, including personal information,
payment preferences, and tax details. Through secure login credentials, administrators can
input and update employee records with ease, ensuring accuracy and compliance with
regulatory requirements. Key features of the system include automated calculation of wages
and deductions based on predefined parameters such as salary brackets and tax rates,
minimizing manual errors and ensuring consistency in payroll processing. Real-time updates
enable administrators to stay informed about payroll status and promptly address any
discrepancies. For employees, the system offers a secure portal to access payment details and
tax information, fostering transparency and trust. By streamlining payroll operations, reducing
administrative burden, and ensuring timely and accurate payment processing, the Payroll
Management System contributes to organizational efficiency and employee satisfaction.
PAYROLL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTI

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

In today's dynamic business landscape, effective management of payroll is crucial for

the smooth functioning of an organization. Payroll, encompassing the calculation and
distribution of employee salaries, taxes, and other financial benefits, requires meticulous
attention to detail and a systematic approach. To streamline and enhance this essential
organizational process, the integration of a robust Payroll Management System (PMS) with a
Database Management System (DBMS) becomes imperative.

A Payroll Management System refers to a comprehensive software solution designed to

automate and optimize the entire payroll process within an organization. From employee
salary calculations to tax deductions and compliance management, a PMS aims to reduce
manual errors, enhance efficiency, and ensure compliance with ever-evolving regulatory
requirements. The seamless integration of a DBMS further amplifies the functionality of the
Payroll Management System by providing a structured and organized repository for storing,
retrieving, and managing vast amounts of payroll-related data.

A Database Management System serves as the backbone of the Payroll Management System,
offering a secure and centralized platform for data storage and retrieval. It allows for the
efficient organization of employee information, salary structures, tax records, and other
pertinent data points. Through the implementation of a DBMS, organizations can achieve real-
time access to accurate and up-to-date payroll information, facilitating quick decision-making
processes and ensuring data integrity.

This integration of a Payroll Management System with a DBMS not only minimizes the risk
of errors associated with manual data handling but also enhances data security and
confidentiality. With user-friendly interfaces and advanced reporting capabilities,
organizations can effortlessly manage payroll tasks, generate comprehensive reports, and
ensure compliance with regulatory standards.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTI

1.1 OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of implementing a Payroll Management System integrated with
a Database Management System (DBMS) is to automate and optimize payroll processes,
ensuring accuracy, efficiency, and compliance. This system aims to centralize payroll data,
enhance data security, provide real-time access to information, and streamline reporting,
ultimately contributing to cost reduction and improved overall operational effectiveness.

1.2 PROPOSAL
Problem Statement: Payroll is usually the most expensive part of a business.
Employee attendance systems that use paper sheets are inefficient and make it very easy for
employees to cheat the system by entering incorrect data on the sheet. To avoid the
aforementioned issues, an automatic and flexible system should be implemented, of which
the suggested system is one.

Scope: This project's scope comprises solutions for handling employee personal data,
leave management, personnel actions, calculating payroll, accurately registering employee
attendance using a Biometric Fingerprint Attendance Device, and system authentication and
authorization for software users. Furthermore, the program will generate various reports for
the bureau's senior management in order to aid them in their decision-making process.
Specific users with distinct role kinds, such as manager, administrator, human resource
people, and finance, will be able to change the system database based on their assigned
access capabilities. This software will provide a system for authentication and authorization.
Every user with a specified role type can log in with their username and password and gain
access to the system to which they have been granted access.

1.3 MODULES
The payroll system modules manage an employee's financial records, such as salary,
bonuses, deductions, benefits, and costs, among other things. Payroll administration is one
of the most important tasks that any organization undertakes, but it is also one of the most
complicated and time-consuming.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 2

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTI

Employee Information Management: This module provides a consolidated database for

application tracking, employee demographics, compensation and benefit options, time
tracking, and more. It's also the central location for all of your personnel data, including the
most up-to-date statistics on your organization's hiring and retention patterns.
 Report Monitoring: Its role is to accurately calculate compensation including
overtime. Withholding the appropriate amount of payroll taxes from each
applicable payroll tax’s wages.
 Generate Performance Reports: It's useful for keeping track and securing the
leave information of the employees. This can also can assist in problem solving
and avoid conflicts. Generating these reports will assist the admin in updating
details regarding important payroll information.
 Salary Monitoring: This module will help the admin to oversee the creation
and distribution of pay checks or electronic bank transfers. It will also resolve
the payrolling consistencies to bring the payroll accounts into balance.
 Deduction Management: The deduction management will help the admin in
managing all the deductions from the salary of their Employees. These deductions
were done payment for the employees' benefits and taxes.
 Generates Payroll Reports: This module will automatically secure the system's
payroll transactions for monitoring all of their activities.

1.4 APPLICATIONS
A payroll management system can be used across various industries and fields
where there is a need to manage employee compensation and related processes. Here
are some examples:

 Corporate Sector: Payroll management systems are widely used in

corporate settings, including large corporations, small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs), and startups. These systems help manage the payroll process
efficiently, ensuring accurate and timely payment to employees.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 3

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTI

1. Retail: Retail businesses with both full-time and part-time employees can benefit
from payroll management systems to handle complex pay structures, track hours
worked, and manage employee compensation effectively.

2. Hospitality: Hotels, restaurants, and other hospitality businesses often have a large
and diverse workforce with varying pay rates, shift differentials, and tip allocations. A
payroll management system can help streamline payroll processing and ensure
compliance with labor laws in this industry.

3. Healthcare: Healthcare facilities, including hospitals, clinics, and long-term care

facilities, have unique payroll needs due to varying work schedules, certifications, and
regulatory requirements. A payroll management system can help manage payroll for
healthcare professionals efficiently.

4. Manufacturing: Manufacturing companies often have a large workforce with

diverse roles, including production workers, supervisors, and administrative staff.
Payroll management systems can help track hours worked, manage overtime, and
calculate pay accurately in this sector.

5. Education: Educational institutions, such as schools, colleges, and universities,

employ teachers, administrators, and support staff with different pay structures and
contract terms. A payroll management system can help manage payroll for educational
employees efficiently.

6. Nonprofit Organizations: Nonprofit organizations often have limited resources and

rely on volunteers, interns, and paid staff to carry out their mission. A payroll
management system can help manage payroll for both employees and volunteers,
ensuring compliance with labor laws and regulations.

7. Government Agencies: Government agencies at the local, state, and federal levels
have complex payroll requirements due to civil service regulations, union contracts,
and other factors. A payroll management system can help automate payroll processing
and ensure compliance with government regulations.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 4

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTI

1. Professional Services: Law firms, accounting firms, consulting firms, and other
professional service providers often bill clients based on employee hours worked. A
payroll management system can help track billable hours, allocate expenses, and
generate accurate invoices for clients.

2. Technology Companies: Technology companies, including software development

firms, IT consulting firms, and startups, often have unique compensation structures,
such as stock options and performance bonuses. A payroll management system can
help manage these complexities and ensure accurate compensation for employees.

Overall, a payroll management system can be used in any industry or field where there
is a need to manage employee compensation, track hours worked, and ensure
compliance with labor laws and regulations.

1.5 FEATURES

These are the important features of the project Payroll Management System:

 Login Page: The page where the admin users will log in their system credentials
to access the system.
 Home Page; The page where the admin will be redirected by default after logging
into the payroll management system.
 Department List Page: The page where the admin can admin/staff will manage the
list of their company's departments.
 Position List Page: The page where the admin/staff will manage the list of their
company's positions per department.
 Allowance List Page: The page where the admin/staff will manage the list
of allowances.
 Deduction List Page: The page where the admin/staff will manage the list
of deductions.
 Employee List Page: The page where the admin will manage the list of the
employees. This also the page where the admin will manage the employees'
allowances and deductions.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 5

 PAYROLL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTI

 Attendance List Page: The page where the admin will encode and manage the
employees' daily time records.
 Payroll List Page: The page where all payroll cut-offs are listed and can be
managed. This also the page where can admin calculate the payroll of employees.
 Cut-off Payroll Page: The page where the employees' payroll is listed.

 Employee's Pay slip Model: The popup modal that displays the employee's pay slip.

1.6 TRADITIONAL FILE SYSTEM

File System is collection of data. In this system, user has to write procedures for
managing database. It provides details of data representation and storage of data. In this –
 Data is stored in files.

 Each file has specific format.

 Programs that use these files depend on knowledge about that format.

In earlier days, database applications were built on top of file systems. Basically, it
is a collection of application programs that performs services for end users such asproduction
of reports. Each file defines and manages its own data.

1.6.1 PROS AND CONS OF TRADITIONAL APPROACH

The pros and cons of traditional approach are:

Pros
 File Processing cost less and can be faster than Database.

 File Processing design approach was well suited to mainframe hardware and
batch input.
 Companies mainly use file processing to handle large volumes of structured
data on a regular basis.
 It can be more efficient and cost effective in many cases.

 Design is simple.

 Customization is easy.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 6

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTI

Cons

 Data Redundancy and Inconsistency.

 Difficulty in accessing data.

 Data Isolation – Multiple files and formats.

 Integrity problems

 Unauthorized Access is not restricted.

 It Co-Ordinates only physical access.

1.7 INTRODUCTION TO DBMS

Databases and database technology have had a major impact on the growing use of computers.
A database is a collection of related data. By data, we mean known facts that can be recorded
and that have implicit meaning. For example, consider the names, telephone numbers, and
addresses of the people you know. Nowadays, this data is typically stored in mobile phones,
which have their own simple database software. In other words, a database has some source
from which data is derived, some degree of interaction with events in the real world, and an
audience that is actively interested in its contents. A database can be of any size and
complexity. For example, the list of names and addresses referred to earlier may consist of
only a few hundred records, each with a simple structure. On the other hand, the computerized
catalogue of a large library may contain half a million entries organized under different
categories.

A database has the following implicit properties:

A database represents some aspect of the real world, sometimes called the mini
world or the universe of discourse. Changes to the mini world are reflected in the
database.
A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning.
A random assortment of data cannot correctly be referred to as a database.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 7

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTI

A database is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose. It has
an intended group of users and some preconceived applications in which these
users are interested.

A database management system (DBMS) is a computerized system that enables users to create
and maintain a database. The DBMS is a general-purpose software system that facilitates the
processes of defining, constructing, manipulating, and sharing databases among various users
and applications. Defining a database involves specifying the data types, structures, and
constraints of the data to be stored in the database. The database definition or descriptive
information is also stored by the DBMS in the form of a database catalogue or dictionary; it is
called meta-data. Constructing the database is the process of storing the data on some storage
medium that is controlled by the DBMS. Manipulating a database includes functions such as
querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating the database to reflect changes in the

mini world, and generating reports from the data. Sharing a database allows multiple users and
programs to access the database simultaneously.

1.7.1 ADVANTAGES OF DBMS

Compared to the File Based Data Management System, Database Management System has
many advantages.

1. Reducing Data Redundancy

The file-based data management systems contained multiple files that were stored in
many different locations in a system or even across multiple systems. Because of
this, there were sometimes multiple copies of the same file which led to data
redundancy. This is prevented in a database as there is a single database and any
change in it is reflected immediately. Because of this, there is no chance of
encountering duplicate data.

2. Data Integrity
Data integrity means that the data is accurate and consistent in the database. Data
Integrity is very important as there are multiple databases in a DBMS. All of these
databases contain data that is visible to multiple users. So, it is necessary to ensure that
the data is correct and consistent in all the databases and for all the users.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 8

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTI

1. Data Security

Data Security is vital concept in a database. Only authorized users should be allowed to
access the database and their identity should be authenticated using a username and
password. Unauthorized users should not be allowed to access the database under any
circumstances as it violates the integrity constraints.

2. Privacy

The privacy rule in a database means only the authorized users can access a database
according to its privacy constraints. There are levels of database access and a user can
only view the data he is allowed to. For example - In social networking sites, access
constraints are different for different accounts a user may want to access.

3. Backup and Recovery

Database Management System automatically takes care of backup and recovery. The
users don't need to backup data periodically because this is taken care of by the DBMS.
Moreover, it also restores the database after a crash or system failure to its previous
condition.

4. Data Consistency
Data consistency is ensured in a database because there is no data redundancy. All data
appears consistently across the database and the data is same for all the users viewing
the database. Moreover, any changes made to the database are immediately reflected to
all the users and there is no data inconsistency.

1.7.2 COMPONENTS OF DBMS

 Users: Users may be of any kind, such as data base administrators, system developers
or database users.
 Database application: Database application may be Departmental, Personal,
Organizational and /or Internal.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 9

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTI

 DBMS: Software that allows users to create and manipulate database access.

 Database: Collection of logical data as a single unit.

Fig 1.1 Components of

DBMS

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

 PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER 2

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

This section describes the software and hardware requirements of the system.

2.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 XAMPP: A web server solution stack package that includes Apache HTTP Server,
MariaDB (or MySQL), PHP, and Perl.
 PHP: Server-side scripting language for web development.
 MySQL or MariaDB: Database management system to store project data.
 Database Management Tool: Such as phpMyAdmin for managing MySQL or MariaDB
databases.

2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Processor: Multi-core processor for handling concurrent requests efficiently.

 RAM: At least 4GB RAM for development; more may be needed for production
depending on project complexity and traffic.

 Storage: Enough storage space for project files, database files, and XAMPP installation.

 Network: Stable internet connection for downloading XAMPP and additional tools.

 Operating System: Compatible with Windows, Linux, or macOS.

 Graphics: Monitor and graphics interface for development.

2.3 SYSTEM TOOLS

The various system tools that have been used in developing both the front end and the back end

of the project are:

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

 PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Front end

HTML, CSS and JAVASCRIPT are utilized to implement the frontend.

 HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

HTML is a syntax used to format a text document on the web. Is a computer language that
makes up most web pages and online applications. A hypertext is a text that is used to reference
other pieces of text, while a markup language is a series of markings that tell web servers the
style and structure of a document.

 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written
in a markup language.

 JavaScript (JS)
It is a dynamic computer programming language. It is most commonly used as part of web
browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the user, control the
browser communication asynchronously, and alter the document content that is displayed.
JavaScript is used to create pop-up windows displaying different alerts in the system like “User
registered successfully”, “Product added to cart” etc.

 Backend

MYSQL, PHP and XAMPP are utilized to implement the backend.

 MySQL

MySQL is an Oracle-backed open-source relational database management system

(RDBMS) based on Structured Query Language (SQL). MySQL runs on virtually all
platforms, including Linux, UNIX and Windows. MySQL is an important component of an
open-source enterprise stack called LAMP.

 PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage
dynamic content, databases, session tracking, and even build entire e-commerce sites. It is
integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle,
Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 XAMPP
XAMPP is an abbreviation where X stands for Cross-Platform, A stands for Apache, M stands
for MYSQL, and the Ps stand for PHP and Perl, respectively. It is an open-source package of
web solutions that includes Apache distribution for many servers and command-line
executables along with modules such as Apache server, MariaDB, PHP, and Perl. XAMPP
helps a local host or server to test its website and clients via computers and laptops before
releasing it to the main server. It is a platform that furnishes a suitable environment to test and
verify the working of projects based on Apache, Perl, MySQL database, and PHP through the
system of the host itself.

2.4 TRIGGER
A trigger is a special type of stored procedure that automatically runs when an event occurs in
the database server. DML triggers run when a user tries to modify data through a data
manipulation language (DML) event. DML events are INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
statements on a table or view. The trigger used in our database is used to convert the length of
the song, which is entered in the form of minutes, into seconds and then store the value of the
second in the database under the length attribute of the track table. DML triggers are commonly
used to enforce data integrity constraints, audit changes to the database, or automate certain
tasks based on data modifications.

They can be used to enforce complex business rules that cannot be easily implemented
using constraints or to maintain derived data or computed columns in the database.

3. DML Triggers: DML triggers are special stored procedures in a database that are
automatically executed when certain data manipulation language (DML) events occur,
such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements on a table or view.

4. Purpose of the Trigger: The trigger in your scenario is designed to automatically

execute when data is modified in the database, specifically when a new record is inserted
or an existing record is updated in the "track" table.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1. Functionality: Upon triggering, the trigger calculates the length of the song from
minutes to seconds. This involves converting the length value entered in minutes into
seconds and then storing the calculated value in the database under the "length"
attribute of the "track" table.

2. Implementation: The trigger is implemented using SQL syntax within the

database management system (DBMS) that your application is using.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

 PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 REQUIREMENTS AND CONSTRAINTS

System design is the solution for the creation of a new system. This phase focuses on the details
implementation of the feasible system and its emphasis on translating design. System design has
two phases:

● Logical design

● Physical design

During the logical design phase, the analyst describes inputs (sources), outputs(destinations),
databases (data sores) and procedures (data flows) all in a format that meets the user requirements.
The analyst also specifies the needs of the user at a level that virtually determines the information
flow in and out of the system and the data resources. Here the logical design is done through data
flow diagrams and database design. The physical design is followed by physical design or coding.
Physical design produces the working system by defining the design specifications, which specify
exactly what the candidate system must do. The programmers write the necessary programs that
accept input from the user, perform on necessary processing of accepted data and produce the
required report on a hard copy or display it on the screen. Database Databases are the storehouses
of data used in the software systems. The data is stored in tables inside the database. Several
tables are created for the manipulation of the data for the system. Two essential settings fora
database are Normalization is a technique to avoid redundancy in the tables.

3.1.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Functional requirements for a database include defining data storage, retrieval,

manipulation, security, integrity, concurrency control, backup, recovery, scalability, and
performance to ensure effective data management and usage.

Distributed Database: Distributed Database implies that a single application should be able
to operate transparently on data that is spread across a variety of different databases and
connected by a Communication Network.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Client/Server System
The term client/server refers primarily to an architecture or logical division of
responsibilities, the client is the application (also known as the front-end), and the server is
the DBMS (also known as the back-end).
A client/server system is a distributed system in which,
 Some sites are client sites and others are server sites.
 All the data resides at the server sites.
 All applications execute at the client sites.

User Interfaces
Front-End Software: HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, BOOTSTRAP.
Back-End Software: MySQL

Hardware Interfaces
 Windows.
 A browser which supports php and html

Security Requirements

 Security systems need database storage just like many other applications. However, the
special requirements of the security market mean that vendors must choose their
database partner carefully.

3.1.2 CONSTRAINTS
Constraints on The Relational Database Are Of 4 Types:
 Domain Constraints
 Key Constraints
 Entity Integrity Constraints
 Referential Integrity Constraints

1. Domain Constraints:
 Every domain must contain atomic values (smallest indivisible units) it means
composite and multi-valued attributes are not allowed.
 We perform datatype check here, which means when we assign a data type to
a column, we limit the values that it can contain.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

 PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

E.g., If we assign the datatype of attribute age as int, we can’t give it values
other than int datatype.

2. Key Constraints or Uniqueness Constraints:

 These are called uniqueness constraints since it ensures that every tuple in the
relation should be unique.
 A relation can have multiple keys or candidate keys(minimal super key), out of
which we choose one of the keys as primary key, we don’t have any restriction
on choosing the primary key out of candidate keys, but it is suggested to go with
the candidate key with less number of attributes.
 Null values are not allowed in the primary key, hence not null constraint is also
a part of key constraint.

3. Entity Integrity Constraints:

 Entity integrity constraints says that no primary key can take null value, since
using primary key we identify each tuple uniquely in a relation.
4. Referential Integrity Constraints:
 The referential integrity constraints is specified between two relations or –––
tables and used to maintain the consistency among the tuples in two relations.
 This constraint is enforced through foreign key, when an attribute in the foreign
key of relation R1 have the same domain(s) as the primary key of relation R2,
then the foreign key of r1 is said to reference or refer to the primary key of relation
R2.
 The values of the foreign key in a tuple of relation R1 can either take the values
of the primary key for some tuple in relation R2, or can take null values, but can’t
be empty.

3.2 ENTITIES AND ATTRIBUTE

 ALLOWANCES
o Id
o Allowance
o Description
 ATTENDANCE
o Id

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

o Employee_id
o Log_type
o Datatime_log
o Date_updated

 DEDUCTIONS
o Id
o Deduction
o Description

 DEPARTMENT
o Id
o Name

 EMPLOYEE
o Id
o Employee_no
o Firstname
o Middlename
o Lastname
o Department_id
o Position_id
o Salary
 EMPLOYEE_ALLOWANCES
o Id
o Employee_id
o Allowance_id
o Type
o Amount
o Effective_date
o Date_created
 EMPLOYEE_DEDUCTIONS
o Id
o Employee_id
o Deduction_id
o Type

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

o Amount
o Effective_date
o Date_created

 PAYROLL
o Id
o Ref_no
o Date_from

o Date_to
o Type
o Status
o Date_created
 PAYROLL_ITEMS
o Id
o Payroll_id
o Employee_id
o Present
o Absent
o Late
o Salary
o Allowance_amount
o Allowances
o Deduction_amount
o Deductions
o Net
o Date_created
 POSITION
o Id
o Department_id
o Name
 USERS
o Id
o Doctor_id
o Name

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 1

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

o Address
o Contact
o Username
o Password
o Type

3.3 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

An Entity–relationship model (ER model) describes the structure of a database with the help
of a diagram, which is known as Entity Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram). An ER model is
a design or blueprint of a database that can later be implemented as a database. The main
components of E-R model are: entity set and relationship set.

An ER diagram shows the relationship among entity sets. An entity set is a group of similar
entities and these entities can have attributes. In terms of DBMS, an entity is a table or
attribute of a table in database, so by showing relationship among tables and their attributes,
ER diagram shows the complete logical structure of a database.

The geometric shapes and their meaning in an E-R Diagram. We will discuss these terms in
detail in the next section (Components of a ER Diagram) of this guide so don’t worry too
much about these terms now, just go through them once.

Rectangle: Represents Entity sets.

Ellipses: Attributes.

Diamonds: Relationship Set.

Lines: They link attributes to Entity Sets and Entity sets to Relationship Set

Double Ellipses: Multivalued Attributes

Dashed Ellipses: Derived Attributes
Double Rectangles: Weak Entity Sets
Double Lines: Total participation of an entity in a relation

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 2

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Fig 3.1 ER Diagram for Payroll Management System

3.4 SCHEMA DIAGRAM

A database schema is the skeleton structure that represents the logical view of the entire
database. It defines how the data is organized and how the relations among them are
associated. It formulates all the constraints that are to be applied on the data.
A database schema defines its entities and the relationship among them. It contains a
descriptive detail of the database, which can be depicted by means of schema diagrams.

An Entity-Relationship Model (ERM) is an abstract and conceptual representation of data.

Entity-relationship modelling is a database modelling method, used to produce a type of
conceptual schema or semantic data model of a system, often a relational database, and its
requirements in a top-down fashion. In order to create an ER schema, you must know three
main concepts: entity, attribute and relationship.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 2

 PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Entity
The entity is the central concept of the Entity-Relationship model. An entity represents a
description of the common features a of the set of objects in the real world. Examples of
entities are Person, Car, Artist, and Album.

Attribute
An Attribute represents the properties of real-world objects that are relevant for the
application purposes. Attributes are associated with the concept of Entity, with the meaning
that all the instances of the entity are characterized by the same set of attributes. In other
words, the entity is a descriptor of the common properties of a set of objects, and such
properties are expressed as attributes.

Relationship
A Relationship represents semantic connections between entities, like the association between
an artist and his/her album, or between an artist and his/her reviews.
The possible values are one and many. Based on their maximum cardinality constraints,
relationships are called

 "one-to-one", if both relationships roles have maximum cardinality 1,

 "one-to-many", if one relationship role has maximum cardinality 1 and the other role
has maximum cardinality N,
 "many-to-many", if both relationships roles have maximum cardinality N.

DATAFLOW
The data flow shows the flow of information from a source to its destination. Data flow
is represented by a line, with arrowheads showing the direction of flow. Information always
flows to or from a process and may be written, verbal or electronic. Each data flow may be
referenced by the processes or data stores at its head and tail, or by a description of its contents

DATA STORE
A data store is a holding place for information within the system: It is represented by
an open-ended narrow rectangle. Data stores may be long-term files such as sales ledgers or
may be short-term accumulations: for example, batches of documents that are waiting to be
processed. Each data store should be given a reference followed by an arbitrary number.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 2

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Fig 3.2 Schema Diagram for Payroll Management

System

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 2

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT TESTIN

CHAPTER 4

TESTING

System testing of software or hardware is testing conducted on a complete, integrated system

to evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements. Testing is the process
usedto help identify correctness, completeness, security and quality of developed software.

This includes executing the program with the intent of finding errors. It is important to
distinguish between faults and failures. Software testing can provide objective, independent
information about the quality of software and risk of its failure to users or sponsors. It can be
conducted as soon as executable software (even if partially complete) exists.

Most testing occurs after system requirements have been defined and then implemented in
testable programs. System testing falls within the scope of black-box testing, and as such,
should require no knowledge of the inner design of the code or logic.

In system testing, integration testing passed components are taken as input. The goal of
integration testing is to detect any irregularity between the units that are integrated together.
System testing detects defects within both the integrated units and the whole system.

The result of system testing is the observed behavior of a component or a system when it is
tested. System Testing is a black-box testing. System testing is performed after the integration
testing and before the acceptance testing.

4.1 INTRODUCTION OF TESTING

Testing performs a very crucial role in quality assurance and ensuring the reliability of the
software. During testing, the program to be tested is executed as a set of test cases and the
output is performed as expected. The service of testing for errors in a program depends
critically on the test cases.

4.1.1 TESTING PROCESS

Basic levels of testing include

 Unit testing.

 Integration Testing

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 2

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT TESTIN

 System Testing.

4.1.2 UNIT TESTING

Unit testing focuses verification on the smallest unit of the software design, the
software components or module. The unit testing was implemented in the project to test the
following:

 Each module was tested to ensure that the information flows properly into
and out ofthe program unit under test.

 Each unit was tested to ensure its proper functioning. Different modules are
testedindependently to ensure that the desired output is obtained by each
module.

4.1.3 INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing is the systematic technique for constructing the program structures.
While at the same time, tests are conducted to uncover errors associated with the interfacing.
The objective is, to use the unit tested components and build a program structure that has
been designed. During the testing phase, a bottom- up approach is implemented. The bottom-
up approach of integration testing is carried out in the following way:

 The components at the bottom level which have no subordinates are tested.

 After combining, different components are linked together to the main menu to
ensure

4.1.4 SYSTEM TESTING

Here we test the system according to the requirements that are specified in the
requirements analysis. In this level, all the modules are integrated into a system and then they
are tested. Thus, testing starts from the main menu and ends with end results.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 2

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT TESTIN

System testing involves testing the software with following:

 Testing the fully integrated applications including external peripherals in order to check
how components interact with one another and with the system as a whole. This is also
called the End-to-End testing scenario.

 Verify thorough testing of every input in the application to check for desired
outputs. Testing of the user's experience with the application.

Dept. of CSE, 2023- 2

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

CHAPTER 5
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
5.1 ANALYSIS OF PAYROLL MANAGEMENT

A payroll management system is indispensable for organizations, streamlining critical

payroll functions and ensuring operational efficiency. By automating diverse payroll tasks,
it centralizes employee information, handles salary calculations with precision,
incorporating variables like overtime and bonuses. Its compliance-oriented approach
ensures accurate tax deductions in accordance with regulatory standards, minimizing errors
and mitigating risks. The system facilitates seamless payment disbursement via direct
deposit or check issuance, providing flexibility and convenience for both employers and
employees. Furthermore, it effectively monitors employee attendance and leave, aiding in
workforce management and resource planning.

In addition to its operational functions, the system empowers stakeholders with

comprehensive reporting capabilities, generating insightful analyses for informed decision-
making and regulatory compliance. Its integration with accounting systems enables smooth
financial reporting and reconciliation processes, enhancing organizational transparency and
accountability. Moreover, the system prioritizes user experience by offering self-service
functionalities, allowing employees to access pay stubs, update personal information, and
manage benefits autonomously.

Security is paramount, with robust measures in place to safeguard sensitive payroll data
from unauthorized access or modification. Only authorized personnel can access and
modify information, ensuring data integrity and confidentiality. In essence, a well-
implemented payroll management system optimizes payroll operations, fosters
compliance, enhances employee satisfaction, and bolsters organizational effectiveness.

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 2

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

5.2 WEBSITE SNAPSHOTS

LOGIN PAGE

Fig 5.1 Login Page

HOME PAGE

Fig 5.2 Home Page

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 2

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

Feedback Form

Fig 5.3 Feedback Form

ATTENDANCE LIST

Fig 5.4 Attendance List

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 2

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

ATTENDANCE UPDATION

Fig 5.5 Attendance Updation

PAYROLL LIST

Fig 5.6 Payroll List

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 3

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

PAYROLL ITEMS VIEW

Fig 5.7 Payroll Items View

REPORT GENERATION

Fig 5.8 Report Generation

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 3

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

TRIGGER IN PAYROLL

Fig 5.9 Trigger in Payroll

EMPLOYEE LIST

Fig 5.10 Employee List

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 3

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

DEPARTMENT LIST

Fig 5.11 Department List

TRIGGER DURING DATA UPDATION

Fig 5.12 Trigger During Data Updation

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 3

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

JOB LIST

Fig 5.13 Job List

ALLOWANCE LIST

Fig 5.14 Allowance List

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 3

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

DEDUCTION LIST

Fig 5.15 Deduction List

USERS

Fig 5.16 Users

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 3

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

5.3 DATABASE SNAPSHOTS

TABLES

Fig 5.17 Tables

PAYROLL ITEMS TABLE

Fig 5.18 Payroll Items Table

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 3

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

PAYROLL TABLE

Fig 5.19 Payroll Table

EMPLOYEE ALLOWANCES TABLE

Fig 5.20 Employee Allowances Table

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 3

PAYROLL MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS AND

EMPLOYEE DEDUCTIONS TABLE

Fig 5.21 Employee deductions Table

USERS TABLE

Fig 5.22 Users Table

Dept. of CSE, 2022- 3

 CONCLUSIO

System development is also considered a process backed by an engineering approach. We have

tried to incorporate & develop new particles for our education particles have been followed not
during the coding but also during the analysis, design phases & documentation.
Courier agency is considered as an expansion of business relations. It contributes a lot by
providing quick & fast services for sending documents and letters (formal & informal both) to
business as it enables any business to flourish. There can be modifications or upgrades that
can be done on the system, like the company can be integrated with new technology because a
business can only be scaled with technology. Using web services, we will know the exact
status of the employee’s payment with all other sufficient information about the employee.
Thus, the implementation of a payroll management DBMS will streamline payroll processing,
improve data accuracy, and enhance overall efficiency in managing employee compensation.
By automating various payroll-related tasks, the system will reduce manual effort, minimize
errors, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.
 BIBLIOGRAPH

[1]. Fundamentals of Database Systems, Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe.

7th Edition, 2017, Pearson.
[2]. Database management systems, Ramakrishnan, and Gehrke, 3rd Edition, 2014, McGraw
Hill.

[3]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OK_JCtrrv-c [PHP Programming]

[4]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8NPQ2RgWyg [Front End Development]

[5]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGTbdjoEBVM [SQL]