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Signal Sampling Theurom

The uram

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Inderjeet Maan
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18 views3 pages

Signal Sampling Theurom

The uram

Uploaded by

Inderjeet Maan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Signals Sampling Theorem Statement: A continuous time signal can be represented in its samples and can be recovered back when sampling frequency fg is greater than or equal to the twice the highest frequency component of message signal. i. e. fs 2 2fm: Proof: Consider a continuous time signal x(t). The spectrum of x(t) is a band limited to fm Hz i.e. the spectrum of x(t) is zero for }w|>wm- Sampling of input signal x(t) can be obtained by multiplying x(t) with an impulse train 5(t) of period Ts. The output of multiplier is a discrete signal called sampled signal which is represented with y(t) in the following diagrams: x(t) x(t) KP multiplier =} a) y(t) att) yt) ‘ Ts2Ts -2Ts -Ts Ts 2Ts t Y) X(w) ® “Ws 0 Ws 2Ws Here, you can observe that the sampled signal takes the period of impulse. The process of sampling can be explained by the following mathematical expression: Sampled signal y(t) = x(t).6(t) ... -.. (1) The trigonometric Fourier series representation of 6(t) is given by 8 5(t) = ay + E22; (an cosmwst + by sin nwt)... ...(2) Where ay = Ji 8(t)dt = 2.6(0) = $s 4(t) cosnw, dt = 2 F5(0) cosnw,.0 = % 4(t) sinnw,tdt = 7-6(0) sinnw,0 = 0 Substitute above values in equation 2. 5(t) = 2+ D2 (EZ cosnw,t +0) Substitute 5(t) in equation 1. » y(t) = a(t). 5(t) =a) +5% (2 + COS TU st) x(t) + 202, (cos nw,t)x(t)] y(t) = ¢[x(t) + 2coswst. x(t) + 2cos Qw,t. x(t) + 2cos Bust. x(t)... ... ] Take Fourier transform on both sides. Y(w) = 7 [X(w) + XW — ws) + X(w + we) + X(w — Qwe) + X(w + Qw5)4 .] ¥(w) = FER oX(w—nws) — where n = 0,1, +2,... To reconstruct x(t), you must recover input signal spectrum X(w) from sampled signal spectrum Y(w), which is possible when there is no overlapping between the cycles of Y(w). Possibility of sampled frequency spectrum with different conditions is given by the following diagrams: tT Yo) fs > 2fm ( ‘ : : ( ‘ ( ‘ ‘over sampling -Ws 0 Ws 2ws } Yo) fs = 2fm perfect sampling J \f \/f Ns, “Ws 0 Ws 2us + Y(w) fs < 2fm under sampling Aliasing Effect The overlapped region in case of under sampling represents aliasing effect, which can be removed by © considering fs >2fm © By using anti aliasing filters.

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