Republic of Philippines

Department of Education
Region 02
Division of Cagayan
Northern Philippines Academy
Centro Norte, Gattaran, Cagayan
S.Y. 2022-2023

Learning Areas: Oral Communication in Context Grade Level: GRADE 11

Quarter: 1st Quarter, First Semester Month:
School Year: 2022-2023

MODULE 2
UNIT I – INTRODUCTION
UNIT ITO COMMUNICATION
: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
I. INTRODUCTION
Int today’s world of high tech and high stress, communication is more important than ever,
however we spend less and less time really listening to each other. Genuine, attentive listening has
become rare.
This module was designed and written to help you understand that decoding of a message and
constructing appropriate feedback despite the presence of barriers to listening may be influenced by the
degree and process of listening employed by the receiver. When one is able to repeat, paraphrase, or
reflect, we can say that active listening has been employed.
TOPIC / LESSON NAME The Art of Listening
1. Listening and Its Importance
2. Active Listening
3. Barriers to Listening
CONTENT STANDARDS The learner understands active listening despite the presence
of barriers.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS The learner models the process of effective communication
and practice active listening.
LEARNING At the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to
COMPETENCIES/OBJECTIVES a. identify the barriers to listening;
b. practice active listening
c. construct appropriate feedback through listening;
and
d. recognize the importance of listening in the
communication process as applied in everyday life.
II. OBJECTIVES

III. LESSON PROPER

A. PRE-ASSESSMENT

Direction: Listen to today’s news to any news media network and answer the following questions
afterwards. You can either listen to the radio, television or any live broadcast online.

Answer these questions:

1. What medium did you use to listen to? _____________________________________________

2. What was the news all about? ____________________________________________________

3. Were you able to listen attentively to the news delivered? _____________________________

4. Did you understand clearly the news being delivered? _________________________________

5. Did you encounter any barriers while listening to the news? ____________________________

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 B. DISCUSSION

LISTENING AND ITS IMPORTANCE

Listening is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process.
Listening is key to all effective communication because without the ability to listen effectively, messages are easily
misunderstood.

To listen, it is important make conscious effort not to just hear what people are saying but to take it in,
digest it and understand. Not only does listening enhance your ability to understand better and make you a better
communicator, it also makes the experience of speaking to you more enjoyable to other people.

Listening is one of the most important skills you can have. How well you listen has a major impact on your
job effectiveness and on the quality of your relationships with others. For instance: We listen to obtain
information; We listen to learn; We listen to understand; We listen for enjoyment.

Remember that listening is an integral part of the process of communication and is a process in itself. It is
not simple or passive, but it is complex and active.

ACTIVE LISTENING
Active listening is the practice of preparing to listen, observing what verbal and non-verbal messages are
being sent, and then providing appropriate feedback for the sake of showing attentiveness to the message being
presented. This form of listening conveys a mutual understanding between speaker and listener.

LISTENING vs. HEARING:

Hearing is an accidental and automatic brain response to sound that requires no effort. We are
surrounded by sounds most of the time. For example, we are accustomed to the sounds of cars, construction
workers and so on. We hear those sounds and, unless we have a reason to do otherwise, we learn to ignore them.

Hearing is: Accidental, Involuntary, Effortless

Listening on the other hand, is purposeful and focused rather than accidental. As a result, it requires
motivation and effort. Listening, at its best, is active, focused, concentrated atthention for the purpose of
understanding the meanings expressed by a spaker. It means paying attention not only to the story, but how it is
told, the use of language and voice, and how the other person uses his or her body. In other words, it means
being aware of both verbal and non-verbal messages. Your ability to listen effectively depends on the degree to
which you perceive and understand these messages.

Listening is: Focused, Voluntary, Intentional

VERBAL and NON-VERBAL SIGNS of ACTIVE LISTENING

It’s a horrible feeling talking to someone and realising thst they are not really listening. There are some
simple steps you can take to let the speaker know you are actively listening, such as asking relevant questions,
positive body language, nodding and maintaining eye contact.

VERBAL SIGNS of Active Listening:

 Positive Reinforcement – this can be a strong signal of attentiveness, however too much use can be
annoying for the speaker. occasional words and phrases, such as: ‘very good’, ‘yes’ or ‘indeed’ will
indicate that you are paying attention.
 Remembering – try to remember a few key points, such as the name of the speaker. It can help to
reinforce that what is being said has been undrstood. Remembering details and concepts from previous
onversations proves that attention was kept and is likely to encourage the speaker to continue.

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  Questioning – the listener can demonstrate that they have been paying attention by asking relevant
questions and/or making statements that build or help to clarify what the speaker has said. By asking
relevant questions the listener also helps to reinforce that they have an interest in what the speaker has
been saying.
 Clarification – this involves asking questions of the speaker to ensure that the correct message has been
received. Clarification usually involves the use of open questions which enables the speaker to expand on
certain points as necessary.

NON-VERBAL SIGNS of Active Listening:

The people are listening likely to display at least some of these signs. However, these signs may not be
appropriate in all situations and across all cultures.

 Smile – small smiles can be used to show that the listener is paying attention to what is being said or as a
way of agreeing or being happy about the messages being received. Combined with nods of the head,
smiles can be powerful in affirming that messages are being listened to and understood.
 Eye Contact – it is normal and usually encouraging for the listener to look at the speaker. Eye contact can
however be intimidating, especially for more shy speakers – gauge how much eye contact is appropriate
for any given situation. Combine eye contact with smiles and other non-verbal messages to encourage the
speaker.
 Posture – can tell a lot about the sender and receive in interpersonal interactions. The attentive listener
tends to lean slightly forward or sideways whilst sitting. Other signs of active listening may include a slight
slant of the head or resting the head on one hand.
 Distraction – the active listener will not be distracted and therefore will refrain from fidgeting, looking at
a clock or watch, doodling, playing with their hair or picking their fingernails.

FOUR DIFFERENT LISTENING STYLES:

 People oriented - The people-oriented listeners are interested in the speaker. They listen to the message
in order to learn how the speaker thinks and how they feel about their message. For instance, when
people-oriented listeners listen to an interview with a famous musician, they are likely to be more curious
about the musician as an individual than about music.
 Action or Task oriented – The action-oriented listeners are primarily interested in finding out what the
speaker wants. Does the speaker want votes, donations, volunteers, or something else? It’s sometimes
difficult for an action-oriented speaker to listen through the descriptions, evidence, and explanations with
which a speaker builds his or her case.
For example, when you’re a passenger on an airplane, a flight attendant delivers a brief safety briefing.
The flight attendant says only to buckle up so we can leave. An action-oriented listener finds buckling up
more compelling message than a message about the underlying reasons.
 Content oriented – The content-oriented listeners are interested in the message itself, whether it makes
sense, what it means, and whether it’s accurate. Content-oriented listeners want to listen to well-
developed information with solid explanations.
 Time oriented – People using a time-oriented listening style prefer a message that gets to the point
quickly. Time-oriented listeners can become impatient with slow delivery or lengthy explanations. This
kind of listener may be receptive for only a brief amount of time and may become rude or even hostile if
the speaker expects a longer focus of attention.

EXAMPLES OF ACTIVE LISTENING:

 Paraphrasing – “So, you want us to build the new shool in the style of the old one?”
 Brief verbal affirmation – “I appreciate the time you’ve taken to speak to me.”
 Asking open-ended questions – “I understand you aren’t happy with your new car. What changes can we
make to it?”
 Mentioning similar situations – “I was in a similar situation after my previous company made me
redundant.”

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  Summarise questions – A job candidate who summarises their understanding of an unclear question
during an interview.
 Notice people speaking – A meeting facilitator encouraging a quiet team member to share their views
about a project.
 Summarise group conversations – A manager summarizing what has been said at a meeting and checking
with the other that it is correct.

BENEFITS OF ACTIVE LISTENING:

 Builds deep trust – As you cultivate the habit of listening sincerely, you invite people to open up. While
building trust takes time, it leads to great benefits such as lifelong friendships and a promise of help in
difficult times.
 Broadens your perspective – Listening to other people’s perspectives allows you to look at life from
different perspectives, some of which you may not have thought of before.
 Strenghtens your patience – The ability to be a good listener takes time and you need to develop it with
regular efforts over time. Patience to let the other person express his or her feelings and thoghts honestly
while you don’t judge.
 Makes you approachable – As you present yourself as a patient listener, people feel more naturally
inclined to communicate with you. By being there for them, you give them the freedom to express their
feelings.
 Increases competence and knowledge – Great listening skills make an employee more competent and
capable, regardless of their position. Listening also builds knowledge and helps fulfil work resquirement
through progressive learning.
 Saves time and money – Effective listening reduces risks of misunderstanding and mistakes that could be
very damaging to the business. It also saves time and money by avoiding starting a task or a project over
again just because the directives given were misunderstood.
 Helps detect and solve problems – Listening to colleagues will help you understand what needs to be
changed and worked on to retain talent and make improvements.

BARRIERS TO LISTENING

Everyone has difficulty staying completely focused during a lenghty presentation or conversation, or even
relatively brief messages. Some of the factors that interfere with good listening might exist beyond our control,
but others are manageable. It’s helpful to be aware of these factors so that they interfere as little as possible with
understanding the message. Here are some key barriers:

1. Noise
- Noise is one of the biggest factors to interfere with listening; it can be defined as anything that
interfers with your ability to attend to and understand a message. There are many kinds of noise, the
four you are most likely to encounter in public speaking situations are: physical noise, psychological
noise, physiological noise, and semantic noise.

2. Attention Span
- A person can only maintain focused attention for a finite leght of time. Many people argued that
modern audiences have lost the ability to sustain attention to a message. Whether or not these
concerns are well founded, you have probably noticed that even when your attention is glued to
something in which you are deeply interested, every now and then you pause to do something else,
such as getting a drink.

3. Receiver Biases
- Good listening involves keeping an open mind and withholding judgement until the speaker has
completed the message. Conversely, biased listening is characterized by jumping to conclusions; the
biased listener believes, “I don’t need to listen because I already know this.” Receiver biases can refer
to two things: biases with reference to the speaker and preconceived ideas and opinions about the
topic or message. Everyone has biases but good listeners hold them in check while listening.

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 4. Listening Apprehension
- This is the fear that you might be unable to understand the message or process the information
correctly or be able to adapt your thinking to include the new information coherently. In some
situations, you might worry that the information presented will be too complex for you to understand
fully.

TIPS to become an EFFECTIVE LISTENER:

1. Pay Attention. Give the speaker your undivided attention, and acknowledge the message. Recognize that
non-verbal communication also “speaks” loudly.
 Look at the speaker directly.
 Put aside distracting thoughts.
 Don’t mentally prepare a rebuttal!
 Avoid being distracted by environment factors. For example, side conversations.
 “Listen” to the speaker’s body language.

2. Show That You’re Listening. Use your own body language and gestures to show that you’re engaged.
 Nod occasionally.
 Smile and use other facial expressions.
 Make sure that your posture is open and interested.
 Enourage the speaker to continue with small verbal comments like yes, and “uh huh.”

3. Provide Feedback. Our personal filters, assumptions, judgements, and beliefs can distort what we hear.
As a listener, your role is to understand what is being said. This may require you to reflect on what is
being said and to ask questions.
 Reflect on what has been said by paraphrasing. “What I’m hearing is…,” and “Sounds like you are
saying…,” are great ways to reflect back.
 Ask questions to clarify certain points. “What do you mean when you say…,” “Is this what you
mean?”
 Summarize the speaker’s comments periodically.

4. Defer Judgement. Interrupting is a waste of time. It frustrates the speaker and limits full understanding of
the message.
 Allow the speaker to finish each point before asking questions.
 Don’t interrupt with counterarguments.

5. Respond Appropriately. Active listening is designed to encourage respect and understanding. You are
gaining information and perspective. You add nothing by attacking the speaker or otherwise putting her
down.
 Be candid, open, and honest in your response.
 Assert your opinions respectfully.
 Treat the other person in a way that you think they would want to be treated.

For further examples and explanation about the topic visit: Communication Coach Alex Lyon on his Youtube channel or simple
search this link https://youtu.be/7wUCyjiyXdg

Listening is an integral part of the process of communication and is a process in itself. It is not simple or
passive, but it is complex and active.

Barriers to listening include internal and external noise, which affect the transmission of the message.

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 C. ACTIVITIES
Activity 1

Direction: ASK and Share. Ask one person in your home or community to share a short story of their past – a
major turning point in their life; a time they went to the hospital; a hard choice they had to make; a stressful
experience they lived though or anything that you want to know about them. Listen carefully to their story and
share it in class (via google meet) afterwards. You only have 2-3 minutes to share.
You may start sharing by saying:
Good morning/afternoon everyone. I interviewed ______________________ and this is his/her story.

Activity 2

Direction: Draw what you Hear. Find a partner and tell them (via phone call or video call) to draw what you are
going to say.
For example: Kate called Lily to draw a house. Kate added that the house should have two windows, one door,
and a large garden in front. After hearing this, Lily draws the house with the exact description Katie said.

(Note: You should ask your partner to draw easy things only with three descriptions.)

My partner is ____________________________________________________.
He / She asked me to draw a ________________________________________.
The 3 descriptions are _____________________________________________.

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IV. ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each item carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to your answer. Encircle
the correct answer.

1. This is an integral part of the process of communication and is a process in itself. It is not simple or
passive, but it is complex and active.
A. Listening B. Hearing C. Paraphrasing D. Barriers

2. Which of the following situation is NOT an example of active listening?

A. Paul is telling John that there will be a party tomorrow at his house. John asked what time
tomorrow is the party.
B. The students of Teacher Rey paraphrased the lesson he just discussed.
C. Odette gave a smile and a nod to the guest speaker.
D. Cathy is familiar with the lesson the teacher is discussing so she decided to just sleep in class.

3. What barrier to active listening is shown in this situation: Atarah has an exam for the final quarter
tomorrow. She intends to review tonight by watching additional videos online in connection to her
lessons. As she is about to watch and listen, her neighbor started singing loudly on their karaoke.
A. Attention span B. Noise C. Receiver biases D. Listening Apprehension

4. What barrier to active listening is shown in this situation: During the 1-hour school symposium about
Fire Prevention, Sofia only listened for 30 minutes.
A. Noise B. Attention span C. Receiver biases D. Listening Apprehension
5. The parents of the PTCA Meeting are getting impatient with the homeroom teacher’s lengthy
explanations of the agenda. They prefer a simple and brief explanations that gets to the point quickly.
What listening style is described in the given situation?
A. People oriented B. Action oriented C. Content oriented D. Time oriented

6. Mayor Martinez was invited to speak at a school event. The students as well as the teachers listened
to his message about his future plans for the school that will surely benefit them rincluding the actions
he will take to make these possible. What listening style is described in the given situation?
A. People oriented B. Action oriented C. Content oriented D. Time oriented
7. What listening style is present if the listeners are primarily interested in finding out what the speaker
wants?
A. People oriented B. Action oriented C. Content oriented D. Time oriented

8. Which Verbal Sign of active listening is shown in this situation: Mitzy is very interested to the
speaker’s topic so she kept asking relevant questions.
A. Positive reinforcement B. Remembering C. Questioning D. Clarification

9. Which Non-verbal Sign of active listening is shown in this situation: Macy is excited to the upcoming
program. When it finally happened, she eagerly listened while looking at the speaker.
A. Smile B. Eye contact C. Posture D. Distraction
10. This is accidental and automatic brain response to sound that requires no effort.
A. Listening B. Hearing C. Verbal sign D. Non-verbal sign

REFERENCES:

 Gasulas, A. M., & de los Santos, V. S. et. al (2016). , IE FOR EC : Oral Communication in Context., Quezon
City. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
 mindtools.com
 virtualspeech.com

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Prepared by: Checked by:

ANDREA MEA T. SUMAUANG LEA R. TALAMAYAN

Subject Teacher JHS/SHS Department Head