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8 views5 pages

Lab Report DBA

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### Lab Report: Oracle Database Administration

#### Lab 1: Creation and Manipulation of Tablespaces

**Q1.1**: How can you view the name and number of tablespaces in the current database?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Login with sys as sysdba and execute the following query
SELECT * FROM V$TABLESPACE;
```

**Q1.2**: How do you create a new tablespace named `demo2`?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Create a new tablespace with an initial size of 5MB and autoextend enabled
CREATE TABLESPACE demo2
DATAFILE 'C:\RMAN\DEMO\DEMO.dbf' SIZE 5M AUTOEXTEND ON;
```

**Q1.3**: How can you add a new datafile to an existing tablespace `demo`?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Add a new datafile of 15MB to the existing tablespace demo
ALTER TABLESPACE demo
ADD DATAFILE 'c:\rman\demo\datafile.dbf' SIZE 15M AUTOEXTEND ON;
```

**Q1.4**: Describe the steps to resize an existing tablespace datafile.

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Resize the datafile to 10MB
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:\rman\demo\datafile.dbf' RESIZE 10M;
```

**Q1.5**: How do you delete the tablespace `demo`?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Drop the tablespace demo
DROP TABLESPACE demo;
```

#### Lab 2: User Management

**Q2.1**: How do you create a new user `BIT1` with the password `password1`?
**Answer**:
```sql
-- Create a new user BIT1 with the specified password
CREATE USER BIT1 IDENTIFIED BY password1;
```

**Q2.2**: How can you grant `connect` and `resource` privileges to the user `demo`?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Grant the connect and resource privileges to the user demo
GRANT connect, resource TO demo;
```

**Q2.3**: How do you grant `SELECT` access to the `employees` table in the `HR` schema for the
user `demo`?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Grant select access on HR.EMPLOYEES to the user demo
GRANT SELECT ON hr.employees TO demo;
```

**Q2.4**: How do you revoke the `SELECT` privilege on the `employees` table from the user
`demo`?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Revoke select access on HR.EMPLOYEES from the user demo
REVOKE SELECT ON hr.employees FROM demo;
```

**Q2.5**: How do you delete the user `demo` and all its associated objects?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Drop the user demo along with all its objects
DROP USER demo CASCADE;
```

#### Lab 3: Logical Backup and Restore

**Q3.1**: Describe the steps to create an Oracle logical backup using `expdp`.

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Create a directory for the backup
CREATE DIRECTORY demo AS 'c:\test';

-- Use Data Pump export utility to create the backup


expdp hr/hr DIRECTORY=demo TABLES=jobs DUMPFILE=demo.dmp LOGFILE=demo.log;
```
**Q3.2**: How can you restore the database from the logical backup using `impdp`?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Use Data Pump import utility to restore the backup
impdp hr/hr DIRECTORY=demo DUMPFILE=demo.dmp LOGFILE=impdemo.log
SQLFILE=impdp.log;
```

#### Lab 4: Physical Backup using RMAN

**Q4.1**: What steps are required to put the database in ARCHIVELOG mode and perform a
backup using RMAN?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Check the current log mode
SELECT log_mode FROM v$database;

-- If the database is in NOARCHIVELOG mode, shut it down


SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

-- Start the database in mount mode


STARTUP MOUNT;

-- Change the database to ARCHIVELOG mode


ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

-- Open the database


ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

-- From a new command window, run RMAN and perform the backup
rman target /
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE;
```

#### Lab 5: Database Instance Management

**Q5.1**: How do you check the SGA parameters?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Show the current SGA target parameter
SHOW PARAMETER sga_target;

-- Show various memory parameters


SHOW PARAMETER memory;
```

**Q5.2**: Describe the steps to start and stop the Oracle database instance.
**Answer**:
```sql
-- Start the Oracle instance
sqlplus
-- Login as sysdba
CONNECT sys as sysdba

-- Start the database


STARTUP;

-- Check the Oracle version


SELECT * FROM v$version;

-- To shut down the database normally


SHUTDOWN;

-- To shut down the database immediately


SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
```

#### Lab 6: Tablespace Management

**Q6.1**: How do you take a tablespace offline?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Take the tablespace demo offline
ALTER TABLESPACE demo OFFLINE;
```

**Q6.2**: How can you bring a tablespace back online?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Bring the tablespace demo back online
ALTER TABLESPACE demo ONLINE;
```

**Q6.3**: How do you reclaim free space in a tablespace?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Coalesce free space in the tablespace demo
ALTER TABLESPACE demo COALESCE;
```

#### Lab 7: Index Management

**Q7.1**: How do you create an index on the `LastName` column of the `employees` table?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Create an index on the LastName column
CREATE INDEX idx_lastname ON employees (LastName);
```

**Q7.2**: How can you rebuild an index?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Rebuild the index idx_lastname
ALTER INDEX idx_lastname REBUILD;
```

**Q7.3**: How do you drop an index?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Drop the index idx_lastname
DROP INDEX idx_lastname;
```

#### Lab 8: Performance Monitoring

**Q8.1**: How do you view the current active sessions in the database?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- View current active sessions
SELECT * FROM v$session WHERE status = 'ACTIVE';
```

**Q8.2**: How can you check the current database locks?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Check current database locks
SELECT * FROM v$lock;
```

**Q8.3**: How do you identify the most resource-intensive queries?

**Answer**:
```sql
-- Identify resource-intensive queries
SELECT sql_text, disk_reads, executions
FROM v$sql
ORDER BY disk_reads DESC;
```

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