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Oshwal Academy Nairobi Junior High

End of Term1 Examination

November 2022

Name:

Class: Subject Teacher:

PHYSICS
Year 8
Time: 1½ Hours
Instructions
 Use a blue pen. Answers written in pencil WILL NOT be marked.
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, class and the
subject teacher’s name.
 Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
Information
 The total mark for this paper is 100.
 The marks for each question are shown in brackets - use this as a guide
as to how much time to spend on each question.
 The use of an electronic calculator is expected, where appropriate.
 There may be more space provided than you require.
 Check to see you have 10 printed pages and no blank page.
Advice
 Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
 Keep an eye on the time.
 Try to answer every question.
 Check your answers if you have time at the end.

Total:100 Marks
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1. A thermometer has a scale which starts at –10 °C and ends at 110 °C.
a) Label the parts marked with letters. (3)

A. Glass bulb B. Capillary Tube C. Thin Bore glass tube

What is the value of the lower fixed point and of the upper fixed point of the scale?
Upper fixed point. 100°C
Lower fixed point. 0°C (2)
2. Energy is stored in a battery and in a box of matches. Which type of energy is stored in each of them? (2)
A battery. Chemical energy
A box of matches. Chemical energy
3. A snail moves along a ruler. It takes 20 s to move from Q to R.

Calculate is its average speed from Q to R, stating the formula used and the units to your answer. (4)
Total distance travelled
To find the average speed of the snail we use the formula , to find the distance
Total timetaken
from Q to R we subtract the distance of PQ from the distance of PR which is 12-2=10 cm. We have already
(10 /100)
been given the time so we do , we divide 10 by 100 because the si unit of speed is in metres per
20
second so we convert the centimetres to metres by dividing by 100. The average speed is 0.005 m/s.

4. The table below gives examples of energy stores. Match each store with the correct description using a
straight arrow. One has been done for you. (3)
form of energy example
A gravitational the energy due to the movement of a train along a level track
B internal the energy due to the compression of springs in a car seat
C kinetic the energy due to the position of a swimmer standing on a high diving board
D strain Sum of the kinetic and molecular potential energy in a matter
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5. An object on a thread is swinging between X and Z, as shown in the diagram. It is momentarily at rest at X
and at Z. Ignore the effect of air resistance.

a) State the energy transfer as it swings from:

i) X to Y (2)
From GPE(gravitiational potential energy) to KE(Kinetic energy)

ii) Y to Z (2)
From KE(Kinetic energy) to GPE(gravitiational potential energy)

b) State the law of conservation of energy. (2)

Energy can neither be created or destroyed but only transferred
c) Write an equation that gives the relationship between energy at X and energy at Y using the name of the
energy stores given in a) above. (2)

GPE lost =KE gained 6. A ball is dropped on to a hard surface and bounces. It does not bounce all the way
back to where it started, so it has less energy than when it started.

What happens to the ‘lost’ energy? (1)

A: It is converted into chemical and strain energy.
B: It is converted into internal (heat) energy and sound.
C: It is destroyed as the ball rises upwards after hitting the ground.
D: It is destroyed when the ball hits the ground.
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7. Scout P signals to scout Q on the other side of a valley by using a mirror to reflect the Sun’s light.

Which mirror position allows the Sun’s light to be reflected to scout Q? (1)

8. The image formed by a plane mirror is upright.

State three other characteristics of the image? (3)

1) The image formed is a virtual image which cannot be touched it is formed behind the mirror
2) The image is the same size as the object
3) The image is the same distance from the mirror as the real object is.

9. A thermocouple is used to measure temperature. Which are the advantages of using a thermocouple
instead of a liquid-in-glass thermometer? (3)
Using a thermocouple you can measure temperatures that are very high and low. You can also measure these
temperatures from a distance for safety. They are also very sensitive which means even the slightest change
temperature will be felt, thus is more accurate.
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10. A plane mirror is used to form an image of an object.

a) At which labelled point is the image formed? Circle the correct answer. (1)

b) Using the ray drawn and one other ray draw on the diagram to trace the image. (3)
c) i) Is the image formed is real or virtual? (1)
The image fromed is a virtual image
ii) How does the diagram show of your choice? (2)
The image is formed behind the mirror thus it is a virtual image which is not real.
11. A piece of paper has ‘PAL’ written on it. A student holds the paper in front of a plane mirror.

What does the student see? (1)

12. Which physical property is used to measure temperature in a liquid-in-glass thermometer? (1)
A: the length of the thermometer
B: the thickness of the glass bulb
C: the volume of the glass bulb
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D: the volume of the liquid

13. The table lists the melting points and the boiling points of four different substances. Which substance is a
liquid at 0 °C? (1)
melting point / °C boiling point / °C
A –219 –183
B –7 58
C 98 890
D 1083 2582

14. Fig. 6.1 shows a ray of light AB striking a plane mirror at an angle of incidence of 40°.

Fig. 6.1
a) Label the part marked with letters P, Q, R and S in the diagram: (4)
P. Back of mirror Q. Incident Ray
R. Normal S. Front of mirror
b) Draw to a good approximation the reflected ray. (1)
c) Calculate the value of the angle of reflection of the ray. Show your workings. [2]
The angle of reflection is 40° as angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
d) In Fig. 6.2, the mirror has been rotated 10° from its position in Fig. 6.1. AB has remained unchanged.

Fig. 6.2
(i) On Fig. 6.2, use a straight edge to draw the, new normal and the reflected ray. (2)
ii) What is the size of the new angle of incidence and the new angle of reflection (2)
New angle of incidence 50°
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New angle of reflection 50°

(iii) State the value of the angle between the reflected ray and the line BC. (1)
50°
(iv) Through how many degrees does the reflected ray rotate when the mirror rotates through 10°? [1]
Through 20°
e) An object of height 2 cm is placed 5 cm in front of a plane mirror.
(i) State the height of the image formed by the mirror. Give a reason for your answer. [2]
The height of the image will be 2 cm as the height of the image and the object are the same.
(ii) Find the distance between the object and the image. [2]
The distance between the object and the image will be 10 cm, as the object is 5 cm from the mirror and the
image is the same distance away so 5+5=10 cm
ii) The object moves 3cm away from the mirror, how far is the image from the object. (2)
The image will now be 8 cm away from the mirror because before moving the mirror 3 cm away it was 5 cm
away. So the object is 8cm away from the mirror as well as the image so 8+8=16 cm the image is 16cm from
the object
15. Imagine that you live beside a busy road. One of your neighbours thinks that many of the vehicles are
travelling faster than the speed limit for the road. You decide to check this by measuring the speeds of some
of the vehicles.
(a) Which two quantities will you need to measure in order to find the speed of a vehicle, and which
instruments would you use to measure them? [4]

Time Stopwatch

Distance Trundle wheel

(b) State the equation you would use to calculate the speed of the vehicle. If you use symbols, state what your
symbols mean. [2]
Total distance travelled
Total Time taken
c) One lorry travels from your town to another town. The lorry reaches a top speed of 90 km/h, but its average
speed between the towns is only 66 km/h.
(i) Convert each of the above speeds into metres per second:
1. 90km/h (2)
90 kilometres to metres is 90000 metres. 90000 metres per hour. To convert hours to a seconds we divide by
3600. So 90000/3600=25. So 90 km/h is equal to 25 m/s

2. 66km/h (2)
66 kilometres to metres is 66000 metres. 66000 metres per hour. To convert hours to a seconds we divide by
3600. So 66000/3600=18.33. So 66 km/h is equal to 18.33 m/s
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ii) Why is the average speed less than the top speed? [1]
Because during the journey the lorry must have slowed down and it would have taken longer to complete the
journey thus decreasing the average speed at it is the ratio of the total distance travelled to the total time
taken but the top speed is just the highest speed reached however little the time may be. This means he could
have only gone 90 km/h for 2 seconds and it would still count as the top speed but for average speed it
accounts for the whole journey.
(ii) The journey between the towns takes 20 minutes. Calculate the distance in metres between the towns.

Time taken= Speed x Time. Since average speed is 66 km per hour we need to convert the hours to minutes by
dividing by 60. So 66/60=1.1 so the lorry travelled 1.1 km per minute. So now speed x time is 1.1 x 20 = 22. But
this is 22 km if we were to convert it to metres it would be 22x1000=22000 metres [3]
16. A boy cycles a distance of 960m from home to school in 8.0 minutes. Calculate his average speed for the
journey, stating the units and writing down the formula used. [3]
Speed is equal to total distance/total time. The SI unit is m/s(metres per second) . so 8 mins in seconds is 8 x
60 which is 480. 960/480=2. So, his average speed was 2 m/s.
17. a) An aeroplane is flying horizontally at a steady speed in a straight line. Fig. 3.1 shows three of the four
forces acting on it.

Fig. 3.1
(i) In order to fly horizontally at a steady speed, which two of the forces shown on the aeroplane must be
equal? [2]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) In order to fly horizontally in a straight line, there must be a fourth force acting on the plane. Draw an
arrow on Fig. 3.1 to represent this force. [2]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) The aeroplane in Fig. 3.1 flies an outward journey from Budapest (Hungary) to Palermo (Italy) in 2.75
hours. The distance is 2200 km.
Calculate, in km/h, the average speed of the aeroplane. [3]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. (a) Define friction. State the SI unit of friction. (2)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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b) A wooden block is pushed across a table at constant speed.

Which statement is correct? (1)

A) The frictional force increases as the block moves at constant speed.
B) The frictional force is equal and opposite to the pushing force.
C) The frictional force is greater than the pushing force.
D) The frictional force is less than the pushing force.

c) Why are aeroplanes streamlined? (1)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) In a car, friction is essential in some parts, but needs to be reduced in others.

Give two examples of where friction is

i) essential (2)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) needs to be reduced. (2)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
19. a) Complete the table below to identify the physical quantities as scalars or vectors. [3]
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(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the path of a football as it is kicked along the ground between three players. The distances
between the players are shown on Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.1
The ball takes 1.2 s to travel from player A to player B.
(i) Calculate the average speed of the ball between A and B. [2]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Player B kicks the ball to player C. It travels with the same average speed. Calculate the time taken for the
ball to travel from B to C. [2]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Suggest why the speed of the ball might change during its motion from A to B. [1]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) Discuss whether the average velocities, from A to B and from B to C, are the same. [1]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
END