UNIT 3: SOCIAL LITERCY 3 Interrelated Components of Social Skills

SOCIAL LITERCAY 1. Social perception

-ability an individual has to connect effectively 2. Social cognition
with those around them by interacting,
3. Social performance
maintaining, and building relationships
**increasing emphasis has been placed on the
-is successful when an individual can intercede
last component, particularly in terms of
their world as family members workers,
outcomes
citizens, and lifelong learner
SOCIAL SKILLS
-helps students combine all of the features of
literacy and uses them to communicate with - ability to interact with others in a given social
others so students are able to express their context in specific ways that are socially
own thoughts. acceptable or valued and at mutually
beneficial, or primarily beneficial to others.
-concerned with the development of social
skills, knowledge and positive human values For a child to be socially adept, there are
that enable human beings to act positively and several social skills that must be mastered
responsibly in range of complex social settings. which ranges from the ability to initiate,
maintain, and end a conversation to reading
- knowledge of how to behave and treat other
social signals to more complex skills such
people in a way that is morally upright, just,
as solving problems and resolving conflict.
and equitable, with a view of promoting positive
and productive relations that are free from Children with social skill deficits can be taught
unfair prejudices, hate, and discrimination. these skills directly by parents, teachers,
and/or professionals using the strategies of
Morally upright - the thoughts, speech,
modelling, role-playing, rehearsal, and practice.
actions, and motivations adhere to the
standard of right and wrong. • Greeting - Through interaction, the child
develops relationships with peers; and the first
Just - the speech, actions, and behaviors that
step in a social interaction is greeting
are in line with a fixed standard of justice [ a
someone. The nonverbal part of greeting
system that promotes and rewards good and
someone is as important as the words. It is not
punishes wrong doing.
so much what one says but how he/she says it
System of justice - requires a body of rules or that lets people know he/she is glad to see
laws by which to measure and administer them.
rewards and punishment.
• Initiating Conversation
Equitable - the speech, actions, behaviors,
- a child must be able initiate, maintain, and
and decisions that treat others fairly regardless
close conversation appropriately
of background or circumstances. This is - requires good listening and attention skills, as
different from equality which refers to the fixed well as the ability to take turns and probe
standard or treatment for all people, equity missing information.
seeks the good of others, and labors to find -Turn-taking and reciprocity- requirements for
means by which everyone gets "what they being a good conversationalist.
need" rather than simply "everyone gets the -Children have to listen as well as to talk. If
same thing in the same amount" they do not show an interest in what others are
saying, they would probably not be interested
Peers and School - play a formative role on the in talking.
social skills development of children.
-Impulsive children often have trouble knowing opportunities for the children to rehearse and
when to talk and when to listen. practice new skills.
• Understanding the listener
• Parents should encourage and praise the
- it is important to understand the audience that child for successfully using a new skill.
one is talking to
-measures what he has planned to say against • Professionals intervene only when children
the anticipated response of the listener, and are having social difficulty with peers. They can
then, proceeds, alters, or avoids what he has implement structured, guided, and effective
planned to say. --child must pretend that he is programs that often involve group work with
the listener and think about what he needs to peers. Children must then generalize the skills
hear to understand what is being said. they learn in the group to school and other
• Empathizing - is more than perspective personal social situations.
taking; meaning that one should be able to feel
what the other person feels. Empathy allows School - it is the place where children spend
one to really connect with other people. When the majority of their time with peers. It is a
the child lacks empathy, often they are thought natural setting for children to learn and practice
as mean, unkind, or self-centered. social skills.

• Reading Social Cues - Cues are hints or Teachers can take advantage of every
signals that guide the person to what he has to opportunity to help children improve their social
say or do next. Social cues can be verbal and skills:
non-verbal. • They should be alert to teasing and bullying
• Previewing or Planning - what effect the and be aware of children that are rejected or
words or actions may have on the listener ignored by their peers.
before he says or does anything. If the impact • They should work cooperatively with the
will be negative, one can adjust what he might children's parents to prevent humiliation,
do or say. embarrassment, and distress that befall the
• Problem Solving - problems and conflicts children.
are always part of social interactions. Turning • They can pair a socially adept child with a
conflicts from a "win-lose" situation to a "win- socially inept one.
win" situation is the best way to resolve it. This
requires negotiation and compromise, give and • They can involve children in cooperative
take that results in a situation where all parties instead of competitive learning exercises.
can live with and help maintain friendships.
• They can identify and acknowledge the
• Apologizing strengths of all the children.

- courageous act and is the quickest and • They can understand social weakness, and
easiest way to correct a social blunder. create an environment in which diversity is
-is a sign of humble and mature character accepted and celebrated which can greatly
when one commits mistakes. enhance all children's social abilities, sense of
belongingness, and self-esteem, not just in the
The Role of Parents and Teachers in classroom but in life as well.
Teaching Social Skills to Children
Issues in Teaching Social Literacy
• Parents -play the major role in teaching
children social skills. • Children learn through social practices, both
explicit and implicit, and become human
• Parents can directly teach social skills by through social interaction. It is also the case
modelling, role-playing, and providing
that children engage in social activity before • We are quick to champion the cause of moral
they are taught, meaning, children are uprightness, justice, and equity, but balk when
disposed to be social before they learn our words and actions come under scrutiny.
what sociability is all about. This means that, we insist that others be
judged according to a fixed moral standard, but
How children learn to live socially with each
invoke a subjective one when our own behavior
other and with adults?
is questioned.
1. Normative and communal view - from the
• We demand justice when we perceive
culture, children learn customs that provide
ourselves to be victims of wrongdoing, but we
them with a guide to act in ways that minimize
surround ourselves with excuses when we do
conflict. Children are persuaded of the moral
wrong.
force of acting socially through their voluntary
associations with others, both in their • We insist that others treat us equitably, but
immediate circle, such as the family, and in the are reluctant when treating others with equity
wider community. The child will not only know costs more than we expected.
the correct behavior, but will perform the role
• According to Blake (2017), there are helpful
without any need for regular, conscious
reminders to young professionals in terms of
reference to the rules governing it.
social skills in the modern age. This situation
2. Pragmatic and individualistic view - the underscores the importance of educating
social order of children is created by explicit students in what could be called social literacy
and implicit agreements entered into by self- to ensure their academic and career success.
seeking individuals to avert the worst
Situational Awareness in the Workplace
consequences of their selfish instincts
• Awareness of what is appropriate to do in
• Teaching social literacy in schools is not as
different social circumstances
easy as it appears it to be due to subjective
standards of morality and inherent human • The ability to read social situations illustrates
capacity to judge and make excuses. strength to employers - quickly picking up a
client's mood or expectations in various
Subjective Standards of Morality
business or cross-cultural situations can be the
• Truth and morality are considered subjective difference between success and failure.
and open to individual interpretation which can
Social Intelligence in Technological
be seen in the current culture where actions
Communication
and behavioral patterns that were once
considered bad have now become acceptable • The use of technology and text-speak have
affected many young people's ability to
• When the standard of measure between good
communicate
and bad changes, this gives us license to
change as well and opens the gates to all kinds • Email has deformalized much of the
of abuse. communication process
• In effect, this pulls the rug out from under any • Text-speak has reduced students' ability to
and all attempts at true justice and equitability communicate using correct grammar
Human Nature • Through studying particular communication
genres and what they demand, students can
• Despite the fact that we believe, people are
learn more about what individual situations
inherently good, experience taught us that the
demand in terms of the formality of
inherent goodness of humanity is, at best
communication.
unreliable.
Social Intelligence in Traditional • Self regard- ability to appreciate your
Communication perceived positive aspects and possibilities, as
well as accept your negative aspects and
• Traditional modes of discourse still exist
limitations
though email has taken over as the primary
method of communication • Feel good about yourself- no arrogance
• The ability to craft traditional communication • Self actualization- ability to realize your
types of documents illustrates an potentials, becoming involved in pursuits that
understanding of social expectations and lead to rich, meaningful life
denotes a level of respect or appreciation
•Open to candid feedback, new perspectives,
Lesson 2: EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE continuous learning and self development
SELF REGULATION

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE •Self control- managing disruptive emotions

and impulses and keeping them in check
- the capacity for recognition our feelings and
those of others for motivating ourselves and for • Trustworthiness
managing emotions well in ourselves" • Adaptability- flexibility in handling change
(Colemen 1998)
• Taking personal responsibility
- ability, the capacity, skills and self-perceived
ability to assess and manage one's emotions SELF MOTIVATION
and those of others and the group"
• Achievement driven- striving to meet or
-ability to regulate our impulses, empathise improve a standard of excellence
with others and be resilient in the face of
difficulties •Commitment and aligning with the goals of the
organization
- amount of communication between the
rational and emotional centres of the brain • Readiness to act on initiatives

4 components • Optimism- persistence in pursuing goals

•SELF AWARENESS & SELF REGULATION despite obstacles and setbacks
• SELF MOTIVATION
SOCIAL AWARENESS
• SOCIAL AWARENESS
• SOCIAL SKILLS • Empathy- skill at sensing other people's
emotions, understanding their perspective and
SELF AWARENESS- know thyself taking active interest in their concerns
• Knowing one's internal state, preferences, • Political/ organizational awareness-ability to
resources and intuitions read the organization's emotional currents and
power relationships
• Emotional awareness- recognizing one's
emotions and their effects • Service orientation- ability to recognize and
meet customers needs
• Independence- the ability to be self directed
and self controlled in your thinking and actions • Developing others- sending what orders need
to develop
• Assertiveness- ability to clearly express your
thoughts and feelings, stand your ground and SOCIAL SKILLS
defend your position
- managing others
• Visionary leadership- the ability to take 4. " integrity" - earns rather than demands
charge& provide compelling leadership respect 5.Listens and maximises power of
observations
• Have influence
6. Effective communicators - skilled in verbal
•Communication- ability to listen and send
and non - verbal languages.
clear, convincing and well tuned messages
7. A motivator - inspires creativity and
• Change catalyst- ability to initiate new ideas
achievement
and lead team to a new direction
8. sets expectations: insists on civility,
•Conflict management- ability to de escalate
accountability and performance
disagreements and orchestrate resolutions
9. Delegates with confidence, keeps staff
• Building bonds and teams- nurture
engaged and recognizes achievement
instrumental relationships
10. A role model - always consistent and "
TIPS AND CREATING THE CULTURE Walks the talk “
• Develop a learning organization
INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA LITERACY
• Set clear goals
• Break goals into manageable steps 1704 - The first newspaper advertisement, an
• Practice what you learn and read announcement seeking a buyer for an Oyster
• Receive feedback Bay, Long Island, estate, is published in the
• Learn the art of listening Boston News-Letter

Tips.... 1729 - Benjamin Franklin begins publishing the

Pennsylvania Gazette in Philadelphia, which
• An emotionally intelligent organization- no includes pages of "new advertisements."
disparity between the values it proclaims and
those it lives 1843 - Volney Palmer opens the first
advertising agency in Philadelphia.
•Optimism- driving force behind emotional
intelligence 1882 - Procter & Gamble Co. begins
advertising Ivory soap with an unprecedented
Quotes "Emotional intelligence is not about budget of $11,000.
being emotional, its about being smart with
your emotions" 1898 - N.W. Ayer helps National Biscuit Co.
launch the first prepackaged biscuit, Uneeda,
" it is not the strongest of the species who with the slogan "Lest you forget, we say it yet,
survive, nor the most intelligent, but those who Uneeda Biscuit." Eventually, the company
are most adaptive to change" -Charles Darwin launches the first million-dollar advertising
campaign for Uneeda.
10 " Characteristics of an effective manager,"
1906 - Congress passes the Pure Food & Drug
- personality, behavioural skills and innovative
Act, forcing product labels to list the active
techniques
ingredients.
1. Confident, professional and approachable
1908 – The Ford motor company unveils the
2. Committed, creative and compassionate Model T for $850
3. Decisive, courageous and responsive (not 1910 – Domestic electricity is standardized,
reactive) creating a market for household appliances
1911 – The American Advertising agency 1964 – After the U.S. surgeon general
establishes the first ‘truth in advertising’ codes determines that smoking is "hazardous to your
health," The New Yorker and other magazines
1920 – America’s advertising industry sits at $3
ban cigarette ads.
billion (in 2011 it sat at $497 billion)
1967 – McDonalds launches its first TV
1928 – Listerine advertises its mouth wash as
commercial claiming burgers, fries and shakes
a cure for colds and sore throats
are “fun”
In 1976, the FTC declares these claims to be
- First Super Bowl airs on CBS and NBC
lies, and Listerine is forced to pay $10 million
on ads stating their product “will not help 1970s – Telemarketing emerges
prevent colds or sore throats or lessen their
1971 - Congress prohibits broadcast
severity”
advertising of cigarettes.
1930 – The first day time soap opera, “Clara,
– Coca – cola airs “Hilltop”
Lu, and Em” is created.
featuring a united, multicultural
1929 - American Tobacco Co. spends $12.3 group singing on a hillside
million to advertise Lucky Strikes, the most any
1981 - MTV debuts with frenetic video images
company has ever spent on single-product
that change the nature of commercials.
advertising.
1984 – Apple launches its mega-successful
1929 – Following the stock market crash,
Super Bowl commercial directed by
advertising spending plummets. From its high
moviemaker Ridley Scott.
of $3.5 billion, it sinks to $1.5 billion by 1933.
1993 – The Internet becomes a reality as 5
1938 – Debeers launches its “a diamond is
million users go online.
forever” slogan
1995 – Search engines Alta Vista and Yahoo!
1942 - The War Advertising Council is
Launch
organized to help prepare voluntary advertising
campaigns for wartime efforts. The council 1998 – Google and MSN launch
garners $350 million in free public service
messages. After the war it is renamed the 1999 – Internet advertising breaks the $2 billion
Advertising Council. mark and heads toward $3 billion as the
industry, under prodding from Procter &
1954 – TV ad revenue surpasses that of radio Gamble, moves to standardize all facets of the
and magazines industry.
1955 – The Marlboro Man campaign debuts 2003 – The National ‘Do Not Call’ registry is
created to stop telemarketers from calling
1956 – Videotape recording makes pre-
recorded commercials possible. – MySpace launches
1958 – The National Association of 2005 – Youtube, Facebook (for college
Broadcasters bans subliminal ads. students only) and Reddit launches
1960 – Madison avenue becomes the 2006 - Mobile ad platform is incorporated to
epicentre for creative advertising – which is bring banner ads to mobile apps, browsers,
where the term ‘madmen’ comes from. and games
1963 – “The Pepsi Generation” kicks off the
cola wars.
 - - Nike and Apple partner up to launch In a global media culture, people need three
Nike+iPod to enhance the running skills in order to be engaged citizens of a
experience with music democracy: critical thinking, self-expression
and participation. Media literacy instills these
2007 – Apple releases the first iPhone
core skills, enabling future citizens to sort
- Twitter launches and Facebook through political packaging, understand and
launches social ads contribute to public discourse, and, ultimately,
make informed decisions in the voting booth.
2013 – Oreo wows the world when it launches
“you can still dunk in the dark” during the Super The high rate of media consumption and
Bowl power outage the saturation of society by media.

WHAT IS MEDIA? • When one considers cell phones, social

networking, video games, television, pop
medium is: music, radio, newspapers, magazines,
-something we use when we want to billboards, the internet—even T-shirts!—
communicate indirectly with other people-rather we are exposed to more mediated
than in person or by face-to-face contact. messages in one day than our great-
grandparents were exposed to in a year.
-a channel of communication between a person Media literacy teaches the skills we
and their intended audience. need to navigate safely through this sea
-any form of communication that carries a of images and messages—for all our
message. lives.

Media: 2. The media’s influence on shaping

perceptions, beliefs and attitudes.
1pl. of Medium.
media experiences exert a significant impact
2 t h e mon the away wei understand,
n interpret m e
and act on a
our world. By helping us understand those
influences, media education can help us
separate from our dependencies on them.
3. The increasing importance of visual
communication and information.

communication While schools continue to be dominated by

print, our lives are increasingly influenced by
FORMS OF MEDIA visual images—from corporate logos to huge
billboards to cell phones to Internet websites.
Media serves four main purposes:
Learning how to “read” the multiple layers of
1. Inform image-based communication is a necessary
2. Educate adjunct to traditional print literacy. We live in a
3. Entertain multi-media world.
4. Sell
4. The importance of information in
IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA LITERACY society and the need for lifelong
learning.
1. The influence of media in our central
democratic processes. Information processing and information
services are at the core of our nation’s
productivity but the growth of global media
industries is also challenging independent
voices and diverse views. Media education can
Digital Literacy means the ability to:
help both teachers and students understand
where information comes from, whose interests • Use technology competently
may be being served and how to find • Interpret and understand digital content and
alternative views. assess its credibility
• Create, research, and communicate with
DIGITAL LITERACY appropriate tools
Media and communication have been among
the most rapidly developing. Digital Citizenship
Now, at the turn of the new century, Web • Means that kids appreciate their responsibility
technologies are replacing all three —TV, for their content as well as their actions when
telephones, and newspapers—as the primary using the Internet, cell phones, and other digital
means by which we are informed and media.
entertained
• All of us need to develop and practice safe,
Digital literacy legal, and ethical behaviors in the digital media
- refers to the reading and writing of digital age.
texts, for example being able to ‘read’ a • Digital Citizenship programs involve
website by navigating through hyperlinks and educational tools and a basic curriculum for
‘writing’ by uploading digital photos to a social kids, parents, and teachers
networking site.
Web Resources for Digital Literacy in the
- means the functional skills required to operate Classroom
and communicate with technology and media
Digital literacy - ability to use digital technology
-The skills and knowledge to use a variety of to create or analyze information.
digital media software applications and
hardware devices, such as a computer, a • Students of all ages need to develop digital
mobile phone, and Internet technology literacy skills for success in life, so teachers
are using a variety of tools to bring
- “the interest, attitude and ability of individuals technology into the classroom.
to appropriately use digital technology and
communication tools to access, manage, • Students also have the opportunity to discuss
integrate, analyze and evaluate information, the importance of technology, which fosters
construct new knowledge, create and discussion and enhances classroom
communicate with others” communication

DIGITAL LIFE Classroom Blogs

- describes the media world our kids • Classroom blogs give students extra
inhabit – online, on cell phones and opportunities to read and write, making them a
mobile devices, and anywhere media is valuable tool for any grade. They also
displayed. encourage students to collaborate and provide
opportunities for peer mentorship.
• By definition, digital media is participatory.
The users create the content, and anything • Students who are hesitant to participate
created in this digital life becomes instantly during class discussions may be more likely to
viral, scalable, replicable, and viewable by vast, participate when classroom blogs are used to
invisible audiences. share information.
• Teachers like classroom blogs because they PODGASTS
are easily updated and serve as a central
type of digital media recorded by students and
source of information for parents and students
uploaded to syndication or streaming services
such as iTunes.
• Students record classroom activities, edit the
audio and video files, and upload the files for
Video blogs digital distribution, which helps them develop
digital literacy.
-have many uses in the educational world, from
showcasing student projects to making lessons • Science teachers are using podcasts to help
available outside the classroom. students share what they have learned during
-Students learn how to use recording tools, edit experiments.
video files, and upload files to their school Web
servers, so they develop valuable digital • Students can record their book reports and
literacy skills while having fun. share them with other reading classes.
Podcasting is so versatile it can even be used
- also enhance communication and make it for social science and humanities classes.
easier for parents to see what their children
have been doing in school. Stages of Educator learning in Digital world
WIKI • Entry - Teacher is learning the basics of a
technology, e.g., how to set up equipment and
- a collaborative website created and edited by operate it.
more than one user. Classroom wikis have
many features that make them ideal for • Adoption - Teacher begins to use the
increasing digital literacy. technology in management areas, e.g.,
-Teachers can use wikis to summarize lessons, computer generated quizzes or worksheets,
disseminate important information, and post grade books.
class notes.
• Adaptation- Teacher begins to use software
- wiki software does not prevent students from to support instruction, e.g., a commercially
making mistakes; meaning they have the produced content area program or productivity
opportunity to find and correct errors, which is tools (word processor, database).
a good way to strengthen their skills. • Appropriation - Teacher begins to focus on
GLOGSTER collaborative, project-based technology use,
and technology becomes one of several
a relatively new tool for educators, but it is no instructional tools.
less important than blogs and wikis. • Invention- Teacher begins to develop
different uses for technology, e.g., creates
• The Web-based tool allows teachers and
projects that combine two or more technologies
students to create virtual posters and share
them with other people. • The posters combine
Digital literacy and Shifting role of the
audio, text, images, video, and hyperlinks, so
learner
students have the opportunity to develop
several different technology skills.
CREATIVITY & INNOVATION
• Glogster makes it easy to create posters Students demonstrate creative thinking,
addressing classroom policies and homework construct knowledge, and develop innovative
assignments.
products and processes using technology. • Plan and manage activities to develop a
Students: solution or complete a project.
• Apply existing knowledge to generate new • Collect and analyze data to identify solutions
ideas, products, or processes. and/or make informed decisions.
• Create original works as a means of personal • Use multiple processes and to explore
or group expression. alternative solutions
• Use models and simulations to explore
complex systems and issues. DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
• Identify trends and forecast possibilities Students understand human, cultural, and
societal issues related to technology and
COMMUNICATION & COLLABORATION practice legal and ethical behavior. Students:
Students use digital media and environments • Advocate and practice safe, legal, and
to communicate and work collaboratively, responsible use of information and technology.
including at a distance, to support individual • Exhibit a positive attitude toward using
learning and contribute to the learning of technology that supports collaboration,
others. learning, and productivity.
• Interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, • Demonstrate personal responsibility for
experts, or others employing a variety of digital lifelong learning.
environments and media. • Exhibit leadership for digital citizenship
• Communicate information and ideas
effectively to multiple audiences using a variety Technology Operations and Concepts
of media and formats.
• Develop cultural understanding and global Students demonstrate a sound understanding
awareness by engaging with learners of other of technology concepts, systems, and
cultures. operations.
• Contribute to project teams to produce • Understand and use technology systems.
original works or solve problem • Select and use applications effectively and
productively.
Research and Information Fluency • Troubleshoot systems and applications.
Students apply digital tools to gather, evaluate, • Transfer current knowledge to learning of
and use information. new technologies
• locate, organize, analyze, evaluate,
synthesize, and ethically use information from DIGITAL LITERACY
a variety of sources and media  Also called e-literacy, cyber literacy, and
• Evaluate and select information sources and even information literacy
digital tools based on the appropriateness to  It is defined as the ability to locate,
specific tasks. evaluate, create, and communicate
• Process data and report result information on various digital platforms.
 It is the technical, cognitive and
Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, and
sociological skills needed to perform
Decision Making
Students use critical thinking skills to plan and tasks and solve problems in the digital
conduct research, manage projects, solve environments.
problems, and make informed decisions using  It shares a great deal of overlap with
appropriate digital tools and resources. media literacy
• Identify and define authentic problems and  It can be seen as a subset of media
significant questions for investigation. literacy, dealing particularly in media in
digital form.
Skills and Competencies listed by Shapiro
and Hughes (1996) in a curriculum they
envisioned to promote computer literacy:
 Tool literacy – competence in using
hardware and software tools;
 Resource literacy – understanding forms
of and access to information resources;
 Social-structural literacy –
understanding the production and social
significance of information
 Research literacy – using IT tools for
research and scholarship
 Publishing literacy – ability to
communicate and publish information
 Emerging technologies literacy –
understanding of new developments in
IT
 Critical literacy – ability to evaluate the
benefits of new technologies