Chapter 3 Patterns and Sequences Solution

Multiple Choice Section

1. Which one of the following is correct about the description of the pattern of the numbers 1 024,
256, 64, 16, 4?
A. The first number is 1 024, the next number is formed by multi plying the previous number by 4.
This pattern goes on.
B. The first number is 1 024, the next number is formed by dividing the previous number by 4. This
pattern goes on.
C. The first number is 1 024, the next number is formed by subtracting 768 from t he previous number.
This pattern goes on.
D. The first number is 1 024, the next number is formed by subtracting 256 from the previous number.
This pattern goes on.

2. Which of the following must be correct?

I. 49 is a square number.
II. 81 is a square number.
III. 99 is not a square number.
A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. I, II and III

3. How many square number(s) is/are there from 260 to 300?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

4. Which one of the following must be correct?

A. Both 6 and 50 are triangular numbers.
B. Both 4 and 45 are triangular numbers.
C. Both 12 and 21 are triangular numbers.
D. Both 1 and 78 are triangular numbers.

5. Using the pattern of triangular numbers, determine how many of the following numbers are triangular
numbers.
35, 12, 27, 231
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

6. Which one of the following shows that a square number can be divided into the sum of two
consecutive triangular numbers?
A. 400 = 378 + 22 B. 400 = 300 + 100 C. 400 = 210 + 190 D. 400 = 153 + 247

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 7. Which one of the following is correct about the number 1?
A. It is a triangular number, but not a square number.
B. It is a square number, but not a triangular number.
C. It is both a triangular number and a square number.
D. It is neither a triangular number nor a square number.

8. As shown in the diagram below, a V-shaped pen-holder holds red and blue pens, alternating colours
with each layer. The bottom layer has one red pen, and each layer has one more pen than the layer
below it. If there are 35 layers, how many pens of each colour are there?

A. 306 red pens, 324 blue pens B. 324 red pens, 324 blue pens
C. 306 red pens, 306 blue pens D. 324 red pens, 306 blue pens

9. The following is the first four terms of the square sequence. Suppose you have 700 dots to form the
largest possible square. Which term in the sequence is the square you produced?

, , ,
The 1st term The 2nd term The 3rd term The 4th term

A. The 24th term B. The 25th term

C. The 26th term D. The 27th term

10. The following is a sequence of figures.

, , ,
The 1st term The 2nd term The 3rd term The 4th term

How many grey triangles are there in the 13th figure?

A. 66 B. 78 C. 91 D. 94

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11. The following figures are formed by matches of equal length.

, , , ...

What sequence is formed by the numbers of matches in the figures?

A. Square sequence
B. Geometric sequence
C. Arithmetic sequence
D. Triangular sequence

12. Find the next three terms of the sequence 100, 98.1, 96.2, 94.3, ...
A. 92.1, 90.2, 88.3 B. 92.2, 90.3, 88.4
C. 92.3, 90.4, 88.5 D. 92.4, 90.5, 88.6

13. Find the next three terms of the sequence 0.002, 0.01, 0.05, 0.25, ...
A. 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 B. 1.05, 5.25, 26.25
C. 1.25, 6.25, 31.25 D. 1.5, 7.5, 37.5

14. Find the 4th term of the sequence 1, 3, 9, , 81, …

A. 30 B. 36 C. 24 D. 27

15. In the square sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, … , if the nth term is 225 and the mth term is 324, find the values of
n and m.
A. n = 15 and m = 18 B. n = 16 and m = 19
C. n = 14 and m = 18 D. n = 225 and m = 324

16. The following is a sequence of figures formed by matches of equal length.

, , , , ...

The 1st The 2nd The 3rd The 4th

figure figure figure figure

Find the number of squares in the 10th figure.

A. 10 B. 17 C. 18 D. 19

17. Find the 12th term of the Fibonacci sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, …

A. 47 B. 81 C. 142 D. 144

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18. A number that can be arranged to form the following regular hexagon is called hexagonal number. It
can be represented by the sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence with a common difference 4.
Find the 15th hexagonal number.

, , , ,

1 6=1+5 15 = 1 + 5 + 9 28 = 1 + 5 + 9 +13 45 = 1 + 5 + 9 + 13 + 17

A. 425 B. 430 C. 435 D. 436

19. The following is the first four terms of a sequence. Find the total number of dots in the 3rd term, the
10th term and the 12th term.

, , ,

The 1st The 2nd The 3rd The 4th

term term term term

A. 225 B. 235 C. 248 D. 253

20. The following is the first four terms of a sequence. Find the total number of dots in the 4th term, the
6th term and the 10th term.

, , ,

The 1st The 2nd The 3rd The 4th

term term term term

A. 82 B. 83 C. 86 D. 91

7 3 5 3
21. Starting from the third term of the sequence , , , 4 , 8 , 13 , , … , each term is the sum
8 4 8 8
of the previous two terms. Fill in the boxes with suitable numbers in respective order.
7 7 7 7 7
A. 3, 3 , 22 B. 3 , 3, 22 C. 3, 3 , 21 D. 2 , 3 , 22
8 8 8 8 8

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22. The pattern of a set of numbers is as follows:
The 2nd number equals the 1st number times 2 an d then add 2. The 3rd number equals the 2nd number
times 2 and then add 2, etc.
Which of the following can be the set of numbers?
A. 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 B. 1, 2, 4, 10, 22
C. 2, 6, 14, 20, 54 D. 1, 4, 10, 22, 46

23. Starting from the third term of the sequence 5, 1, 6, 7, 13, 20, 33, …, each term is the sum of the
previous two terms. Find the sum of all even -ordered terms in the first 15 terms.
A. 3 079 B. 1 537 C. 1 536 D. 1 517

24. Which of the following is/are the number pattern of the se quence 3, 12, 27, 48, 75, … ?
I. 3(n + 3)
II. 3n 2
III. (n + 2) 2
A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II

5 10 17 26 37
25. Which of the following is/are the number pattern of the sequence , , , , ,... ?
3 8 15 24 35
n4
I.
n2
(n  1) 2  1
II.
(n  1) 2  1

(3n) 2  4
III.
n2  2
A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II

26. Which of the following is/are the number pattern of the sequence
2  12  1 2  2 2  1 2  32  1 2  4 2  1 2  52  1 2  6 2  1
, , , , , , ?
5 6 7 8 9 10
2n 2  1
I.
n4
( 2n) 2  n
II.
n4
n(2n  1)
III.
n4
A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II

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 5 10 17
27. Find the number pattern, in terms of n, of the sequence 2, , , ,…
2 3 4
n2  1 2n  1 n3 n2  2
A. B. C. D.
n n n n

28. Find the number pattern of the sequence 2, 2 + 3  1, 2 + 3  2, 2 + 3  3, …

A. 2 + 3n B. 2 + 3(n  1) C. 2 + 3(n + 1) D. 3n + 1

29. If the number pattern of a sequence is 3n 2 + 1, find the first four terms of the sequence.
A. 10, 37, 82, 145 B. 4, 7, 10, 13
C. 4, 13, 28, 49 D. 16, 49, 100, 169

30. If the number pattern of a sequence is 2( n + 2) 2 , find the first term, third term and sixth term.
A. 18, 50, 128 B. 36, 100, 256
C. 16, 64, 196 D. 8, 32, 98

31. The following is a sequence of figures formed by matches of equal length.

， ， ， ，...
The 1st figure The 2nd figure The 3rd figure The 4th figure

Now we have 31 matches, can we form a figure in the sequence (using all matches)? If yes, which
figure is it in the sequence?
A. Yes, the 9th figure
B. Yes, the 10th figure
C. Yes, the 11th figure
D. No

32. If the nth term of the sequence 1 2 + 1, 2 2 + 2, 3 2 + 3, 4 2 + 4, 5 2 + 5, 6 2 + 6, ... is 462, find the value of
n.
A. 18 B. 19 C. 20 D. 21

3 5 8  10 13 15 18 20
33. Which of the following is/are the number pattern of the sequence , , , ,…?
2 4 6 8
5 15 5
I. (5n  2) II.  (n  1) III. n5
2 2 2
A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I, II and III

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34. Find the number pattern of the sequence 1, 3, 6, 10, ...
n(n  1) n(n  1)
A. 2n  1 B. C. 2n  1 D.
2 2

1 1 1
35. Find the number pattern of the sequence 2, 2 , 3 , 4 , …
2 3 4
1 1 1
A. 2n  B. n C. 2n  1 D. n
n 2n n

Section A(1)

1. (a) Describe the pattern of the numbers of chicken legs in the following figures.

, , ,…

(1 chicken) (2 chickens) (3 chickens)

(b) Describe the pattern of the numbers of wheels in the following figures.

, ,

(1 car) (3 cars)

,…

(5 cars)

2. (a) Describe the pattern of the numbers of candies in the following figures.

, , ,…
(1 pack of candies) (2 packs of candies) (3 packs of candies)

(b) Describe the pattern of the numbers of cells under cell splittings.

, , , ,…

(1st splitting) (2nd splitting) (3rd splitting)

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 3. Describe the patterns of the following numbers.

(a) 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 (b) 8, 4, 0, 4, 8

4. Describe the patterns of the following numbers.

(a) 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 (b) 224, 112, 56, 28, 14

5. According to the sides of the following figures, describe the patterns of the figures.

(a) (All the small squares in the following figures have the same size.)

， ， ， ，
(1  1) (3  2) (5  3) (7  4) (9  5)

(b) (All the small triangles in the following figures have the same size.)

， ， ， ，

6. (a) List all triangular numbers from 20 to 60.

(b) List all square numbers from 30 to 110.

7. The following triangles are formed by dots. Using the pattern of triangular numbers, find the number
of dots in each of the following figures.

(a) (b)

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 8. The following figures are formed by removing some dots from a triangle. Using the pa ttern of
triangular numbers, find the number of dots in each of the following figures.

(a) (b)

9. Divide each of the following square numbers into the sum of two consecutive triangular numb ers.

(a) 64 (b) 81 (c) 121

10. The following figures are made up of matches of the same length. For each sequence of figures, draw
the next three figures.

(a)

， ， ，…
(b)

， ， ，…
(c)

， ， ，…
(d)

， ， ，…

11. In each of the following sequences, write down its patter n and find the next three terms. What kind of
sequences are they?

(a) 5, 11, 17, 23, … (b) 2, 8, 32, 128, …

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12. In each of the following sequences, write down its pattern and find the next three terms. What kind of
sequences are they?

(a) 91, 87, 83, 79, … (b) 120, 60, 30, 15, …

13. Write down the first 10 Fibonacci numbers.

14. Find the number patterns of the following sequences.

(a) 1  4 + 2, 2  4 + 2, 3  4 + 2, 4  4 + 2, …

(b) 1  2  3, 2  2  3, 3  2  3, 4  2  3, …

15. Find the number patterns of the following sequences.

(a) 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, …

(b) 98, 91, 84, 77, 70, …

(c) 2, 13, 24, 35, 46, …

16. Find the number patterns of the following sequences.

1 1 1 1
(a) , , , ,… (b) 6, 12, 18, 24, …
3 9 27 81

1 3 5 7
17. According to the sequence , , , , … , write down
3 7 11 15

(a) the following two terms. (b) the number pattern.

1 2 3 4 5
18. Write down the number pattern of the sequence , , ,  ,  ,…
5 3 1 1 3

19. (a) 2 + 4 = 6; 6 + 8 = 14; 4 + 8 = 12; 2 + 8 = 10; 10 + 12 = 22

According to the above results, observe the pattern of the sum of any two even numbers.
(b) 2  8 = 16; 4  10 = 40; 6  8 = 48; 10  6 = 60; 8  4 = 32
According to the above results, observe the pattern of the product of any two even numbers.

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20. According to the following ways of putting the coins, describe the patterns of the number of coins and
the number of points of contact.

(a)

， ，
(b)

， ， ，

Section A(2)

21. Write down all numbers of the following kind(s) from 1 to 60.

(a) Triangular number

(b) Fibonacci number

(c) Triangular and Fibonacci numbers

22. Observe the pattern of the following hexagonal numbers .

， ， ，
Write down all the hexagonal numbers from 50 to 120.

23. The figure shows some targets on a board. The circular targets are arranged 2, 4, 6, … in a bottom-up
order and the number of targets in the last row is 11. The shooting is starting from the bottom.

(a) There are 6 rows of targets on the board. How many t argets are there?

(b) If the first 4 rows have been shot, how many targets are left?

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24. Draw figures under a certain pattern to represent each of the following sequences.

(a) 1  2 + 1, 2  2 + 1, 3  2 + 1, … (b) 1  5  2, 2  5  2, 3  5  2, …

25. (a) Write down the sixth term, the twelfth term and the eighteenth term of Fibonacci sequence.

(b) What is their highest common factor?

26. Each of the following is a number pattern of a sequence, find the first four terms of each sequence.
n(n  1)
(a) 3n + 1 (b) 4 n (c) n 3 (d)
3
27. Each of the following is a number pattern of a sequence, find the first four terms of each sequence.

(a) (5n) 2 (b) n 2 + 3n

28. (a) Write down the number pattern of the sequence 101, 92, 83, …

(b) Find the twentieth term of that sequence.

29. (a) Write down the number pattern of the sequence 1, 7, 13, …

(b) If the nth term is 67, find the value of n.

30. (a) Write down the number pattern of the sequence 4, 8, 12, …

(b) If the nth term is 1 024, find the value of n.

31. (a) The following figures are under a certain pattern, draw the next two figures.

， ， ，

(b) With reference to the figures in (a), complete the following table.

Number of squares 2 4 6 8 10

Number of points of intersection

(c) Find the number of points of intersection of 24 squares without drawing the diagram.

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Answer
Multiple Choice Section

1. B
∵ 1 024  4 = 256; 256  4 = 64; 64  4 = 16; 16  4 = 4
∴ According to the numbers, the first number is 1 024, the next number is formed by dividing the
previous number by 4. This pattern goes on.

2. D
Because one can arrange 49 dots in the form of a square, so 49 is a square number.
Because one can arrange 81 dots in the form of a square, so 81 is a square number.
Because one cannot arrange 99 dots in the form of a square, so 99 is not a square number.

3. A
From 260 to 300, only 289 is a square number.

4. D
∵ 50 is not a triangular number. ∴ A is incorrect.
∵ 4 is not a triangular number. ∴ B is incorrect.
∵ 12 is not a triangular number. ∴ C is incorrect.
∵ Both 1 and 78 are triangular numbers. ∴ D is correct.

5. A
78 89
∵ 35 is greater than , and less than .
2 2
∴ 35 is not a triangular number.
45 5 6
∵ 12 is greater than , and less than .
2 2
∴ 12 is not a triangular number.
67 78
∵ 27 is greater than , and less than .
2 2
∴ 27 is not a triangular number.
21 22
∵ 231 
2
∴ 231 is a triangular number.

6. C
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 ∵ 22 is not a triangular number. ∴ A is incorrect.
∵ 100 is not a triangular number. ∴ B is incorrect.
21  20 20  19
∵ 400    210  190 ∴ C is correct.
2 2
∵ 247 is not a triangular number. ∴ D is incorrect.

7. C
1 2
∵ 1 and 1 = 1 2 .
2
∴ 1 is a triangular number and also a square number.

8. D
Amount of red pens = 1 + 3 + 5 + ··· + 35 = 324
Amount of blue pens = 2 + 4 + 6 + ··· + 34 = 306

9. C
∵ 26 2 = 676
27 2 = 729 > 700
∴ The largest square is the 26th term in the sequence.

10. C
The number of grey triangles in the 13th figure is the 13th triangular number, i.e. 91.

11. C
∵ Starting from the second figure, the number of matches in each figure is 4 more than that in the
previous figure.
∴ They form an arithmetic sequence.

12. D
∵ The differences of any adjacent terms are the same, i.e.
98.1  100 = 1.9,
96.2  98.1 = 1.9 and
94.3  96.2 = 1.9.
∴ The next three terms are 92.4, 90.5 and 88.6.

13. C
∵ The quotients of any two adjacent terms are the same, i.e.
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 0.01÷0.002 = 5,
0.05÷0.01 = 5 and
0.25÷0.05 = 5.
∴ The next three terms are 1.25, 6.25 and 31.25.

14. D
  ∵ Each term equals the previous term times 3.
  ∴ The 4th term = the 3rd term  3
=93
= 27

15. A
∵ 225 = 15 2 ∴ 225 is the 15th term in the square sequence.
∵ 324 = 18 2 ∴ 324 is the 18th term in the square sequence.

16. D
The number of square in the 1st figure = 1
The number of squares in the 2nd figure = 3 = 1 + 2  1
The number of squares in the 3rd figure = 5 = 1 + 2  2
The number of squares in the 4th figure = 7 = 1 + 2  3
∴ The number of squares in the 10th figure = 1 + 2  9 = 19

17. D
The 7th term = 5 + 8 = 13
The 8th term = 8 + 13 = 21
The 9th term = 13 + 21 = 34
The 10th term = 21 + 34 = 55
The 11th term = 34 + 55 = 89
The 12th term = 55 + 89 = 144

18. C
The 15th hexagonal number = 1 + 5 + 9 + 13 + 17 + 21 + 25 + 29 + 33 + 37+ 41 + 45 + 49 + 53 + 57
= 435

19. D
The 3rd term has 3 2 = 9 dots.
The 10th term has 10 2 = 100 dots.

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 The 12th term has 12 2 = 144 dots.
∴ The total number of dots = 9 + 100 + 144 = 253

20. C
45
The 4th term has  10 dots.
2
67
The 6th term has  21 dots.
2
10  11
The 10th term has  55 dots.
2
∴ The total number of dots = 10 + 21 + 55 = 86

21. A
5 3 7
The 3rd term  8  4  3
8 4 8
7 7
The 1st term  3   3
8 8
5 3
The 7th term  8  13  22
8 8

22. D
The 1st number = 1
The 2nd number = 1  2 + 2 = 4
The 3rd number = 4  2 + 2 = 10
The 4th number = 10  2 + 2 = 22
The 5th number = 22  2 + 2 = 46
∴ 1, 4, 10, 22, 46 can be the set of numbers.

23. B
∵ The first 15 terms of the sequence are 5, 1, 6, 7, 13, 20, 33, 53, 86, 139, 225, 364, 589, 953, 1 542.
∴ The sum of all even-ordered terms in the first 15 terms
= 1 + 7 + 20 + 53 + 139 + 364 + 953
= 1 537

24. B
The 1st term of the sequence = 3 = 3  1
The 2nd term = 12 = 3  4 = 3  2 2
The 3rd term = 27 = 3  9 = 3  3 2

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 The 4th term = 48 = 3  16 = 3  4 2
The 5th term = 75 = 3  25 = 3  5 2
∴ The number pattern of the sequence is 3n 2 .

25. B
The numerators of the first five terms of the sequence are
(1 + 1) 2 + 1, (2 + 1) 2 + 1, (3 + 1) 2 + 1, (4 + 1) 2 + 1, (5 + 1) 2 + 1.
The corresponding denominators are
(1 + 1) 2  1, (2 + 1) 2  1, (3 + 1) 2  1, (4 + 1) 2  1, (5 + 1) 2  1.
So, for the nth term, the numerator is (n + 1) 2 + 1 and the denominator is (n + 1) 2  1.

(n  1) 2  1
∴ The number pattern of the sequence is .
(n  1) 2  1

26. A
∵ The numerator of each term in the sequence equals twice the square of the term number minus 1.
The denominator of each term equals the term number plus 4.
So, for the nth term, the numerator is 2n 2  1 , and the denominator is n  4 .
2n 2  1
∴ The number pattern of the sequence is .
n4

27. A
In the first four terms, the denominator of each term equals the number of term, and the num erator
equals the sum of square of the number of term and 1. So, for the nth term, the denominator is n and
the numerator is n 2 + 1.
n2  1
∴ The nth term .
n

28. B
The 1st term = 2
The 2nd term = 2 + 3  1
The 3rd term = 2 + 3  2
The 4th term = 2 + 3  3
∴ The number pattern of the sequence is 2 + 3( n  1).

29. C
The 1st term = 3  (1) 2 + 1 = 3  1 + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4
The 2nd term = 3  (2) 2 + 1 = 3  4 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13
The 3rd term = 3  (3) 2 + 1 = 3  9 + 1 = 27 + 1 = 28

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 The 4th term = 3  (4) 2 + 1 = 3  16 + 1 = 48 + 1 = 49
∴ The first four terms are 4, 13, 28, 49.

30. A
The 1st term = 2  (1 + 2) 2 = 2  (3) 2 = 2  9 = 18
The 3rd term = 2  (3 + 2) 2 = 2  (5) 2 = 2  25 = 50
The 6th term = 2  (6 + 2) 2 = 2  (8) 2 = 2  64 = 128

31. B
The number of matches in the 1st figure = 4
The number of matches in the 2nd figure = 7 = 4 + 3  1
The number of matches in the 3rd figure = 10 = 4 + 3  2
The number of matches in the 4th figure = 13 = 4 + 3  3
The number of matches in the nth figure = 4 + 3(n  1)
  ∵ 31 = 4 + 3(10  1)
∴ 31 matches can form the 10th figure.

32. D
∵ 462 = 21  22 = 21  (21 + 1) = 21 2 + 21
∴ n = 21

33. A
(5  1  2)(5  1) (5  2  2)(5  2) (5  3  2)(5  3)
∵ The sequence can be written as , , ,
2 1 2 2 23
(5  4  2)(5  4)
,
2 4
(5n  2)(5n) 5
∴ The number pattern of the sequence =  (5n  2)
2n 2

34. D
1 2
The 1st term  1 
2
23
The 2nd term  3 
2
3 4
The 3rd term  6 
2
45
The 4th term  10 
2

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 n(n  1)
∴ The number pattern of the sequence is .
2

35. D
The 1st term = 2 = 1 + 1
1 1
The 2nd term  2  2
2 2
1 1
The 3rd term  3  3 
3 3
1 1
The 4th term  4  4
4 4
1
∴ The number pattern of the sequence is n  .
n

Answer
Section A(1)

1. (a) ∵ Every chicken has 2 legs.

∴ When a chicken is added, the number of legs increases by 2.
(b) ∵ Every car has 4 wheels.
∴ When two cars are added, the number of wheels increases by 8.

2. (a) ∵ Every pack has 3 candies.

∴ When a pack is added, the number of candies increases by 3.
(b) ∵ A cell splits into two for each splitting.
∴ For each cell splitting, the number of cells is double.

3. (a) The first number is 1. Starting from the second number, eac h number equals the previous
number plus 7.
(b) The first number is 8. Starting from the second number, each number equals the previous
number plus 4.

4. (a) The first number is 2. Starting from the second number, each number equals the previous
number times 3.
(b) The first number is 224. Starting from the second number, each number equals the
previous number divided by 2.

5. (a) ∵ The dimensions of the 1st rectangle are 1  1,

the dimensions of the 2nd rectangle are 3  2,
the dimensions of the 3rd rectangle are 5  3,
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 the dimensions of the 4th rectangle are 7  4,
the dimensions of the 5th rectangle are 9  5.
∴ Starting from the 2nd rectangle, the length and the width of each rectangle are 2 units and 1
unit more than those of the previous rectangle respectively.
(b) ∵ The length of each side of the 1st triangle is 1,
the length of each side of the 2nd triangle is 2,
the length of each side of the 3rd triangle is 3,
the length of each side of the 4th triangle is 4,
the length of each side of the 5th triangle is 5.
∴ Starting from the 2nd triangle, the length of one side of each triangle is 1 un it longer than that
of the previous one.

6. (a) The following are triangular numbers:

11
1 2  3
1 2  3  6
1  2  3  4  10
1  2  3  4  5  15
1  2  3  4  5  6  21
1  2  3      7  28
1  2  3      8  36
1  2  3      9  45
1  2  3      10  55
1  2  3      11  66
All the triangular numbers from 20 to 60 are 21, 28, 36, 45 and 55.
∴
(b) The following are square numbers:
12 = 1
22 = 4
32 = 9
4 2 = 16
5 2 = 25
6 2 = 36
7 2 = 49
8 2 = 64
9 2 = 81
10 2 = 100
11 2 = 121
All the square numbers from 30 to 110 are 36, 49, 64, 81 and 100.
∴

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 5 6
7. (a) The number of dots = 2 = 15

89
36
(b) The number of dots = 2 =

7 8 3 4

8. (a) The number of dots = 2 2

= 28  6
22
=
9  10 3  4

(b) The number of dots = 2 2

= 45  6
39
=

28  36 [i.e. (1  2  3  4  5  6  7)  (1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8)]
9. (a) 64 =
36  45 [i.e. (1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8)  (1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9)]
(b) 81 =
55  66
(c) 121 =
[i.e. (1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10)  (1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11)]

10. (a)

， ，
(b)

， ，
(c)

， ，
(d)

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 ， ，

11. (a) Starting from the 2nd term, the differences between any two adjacent terms are the same,
i.e. 11  5 = 6, 17  11 = 6 and 23  17 = 6. Thus the pattern of the sequence is that each term is
greater than the previous term by 6. Therefore, the next three terms are 23 + 6 = 29, 29 + 6 = 35 and
35 + 6 = 41.
It is an arithmetic sequence.
(b) Starting from the 2nd term, the quotients of any two adjacent terms are the same, i.e.
8  2 = 4, 32  8 = 4 and 128  32 = 4. Thus the pattern of the sequence is that each term equals the
previous term times 4. Therefore, the next three terms are 128  4 = 512, 512  4 = 2 048 and 2 048
 4 = 8 192.
It is a geometric sequence.

12. (a) Starting from the 2nd term, the differences between any two adjacent terms are the same,
i.e. 87  91 = 4, 83  87 = 4 and 79  83 = 4. Thus the pattern of the sequence is that each term
equals the previous term plus (4). Therefore, the next three terms are
79 + (4) = 75, 75 + (4) = 71 and 71 + (4) = 67.
It is an arithmetic sequence.
(b) Starting from the 2nd term, the quotients of any two adjacent terms are the same, i.e.
1 1 1
60  120  30  60  15  30 
2, 2 and 2 . Thus the pattern of the sequence is that each term equals
1 1 15 15 1 15
15    
the previous term times 2 . Therefore, the next three terms are 2 2 , 2 2 4 and
15 1 15
 
4 2 8 .
It is a geometric sequence.

1, 2, 3, 5, 8,13, 21, 34, 55, 89

13. The first 10 Fibonacci numbers are .

14. (a) The number pattern of 1  4 + 2, 2  4 + 2, 3  4 + 2, 4  4 + 2, …

4n  2
is .
(b) The number pattern of 1  2  3, 2  2  3, 3  2  3, 4  2  3, …
2n  3
is .

15. (a) 3 =3+40

7 =3+41
11 =3+42
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 15 =3+43
19 =3+44
3  4(n  1)
∴ The number pattern is .
(b) 98 = 98  7  0
91 = 98  7  1
84 = 98  7  2
77 = 98  7  3
70 = 98  7  4
98  7(n  1)
∴ The number pattern is .
(c) 2 = 2 + 11  0
13 = 2 + 11  1
24 = 2 + 11  2
35 = 2 + 11  3
46 = 2 + 11  4
2  11(n  1)
∴ The number pattern is .

1 1

16. (a) 3 3

1 1 1
 
9 3 3
1
 ( )2
3
1 1 1 1
  
27 3 3 3
1
 ( )3
3
1
( )n
3
∴ The number pattern is .
(b) 6 = (1)  6  1
12 = (1) 2  6  2
18 = (1) 3  6  3
24 = (1) 4  6  4

(1) n  6n
∴ The number pattern is .

9 11
and
19 23
17. (a) The following two terms are .

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 (b) Starting from the 2nd term, the denominator of each term is greater than that of the
previous term by 4 and the numerator of each term is greater than that of the previous term by 2.
1  2(n  1)
3  4(n  1)
Therefore, the number pattern is .

18. Starting from the 2nd term, the denominator of each term is smaller than that of the previous
term by 2 and the numerator of each term is greater than that of the previous term by 1. Therefore,
n
5  2(n  1)
the number pattern is .

19. (a) The sum of any two even numbers is an even number.
(b) The product of any two even numbers is an even number.

20. (a) ∵ There are 4 points of contact between 4 coins,

7 points of contact between 6 coins,
10 points of contact between 8 coins,
13 points of contact between 10 coins.
∴ When 2 coins are added, the number of points of contact increases by 3.
(b) ∵ There are 4 points of contact between 4 coins,
8 points of contact between 8 coins,
12 points of contact between 12 coins,
16 points of contact between 16 coins.
∴ When 4 coins are added, the number of points of contact increases by 4.

Section A(2)

21. (a) 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55

(b) 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55
(c) 1, 3, 21, 55

22.
11
1 5  6
6  5  4  1  15
15  5  4  2  28
28  5  4  3  45
45  5  4  4  66
66  5  4  5  91
91  5  4  6  120
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 66, 91 and 120 are hexagonal numbers.
∴

67
 2 1
23. (a) The number of targets = 2
41
=
45
41  2
(b) The number of targets left = 2

= 41  20
21
=

24. (There are more than one solution for this question.)
(a)

， ， ，
(b)

， ， ，

8, 144 and 2 584

25. (a) The sixth term, the twelfth term and the eighteenth term are
respectively.
8
(b) The highest common factor of 8, 144 and 2 584 are .

4
26. (a) 3(1) + 1 =
7
3(2) + 1 =
10
3(3) + 1 =
13
3(4) + 1 =
4
(b) 41 =
16
42 =
64
43 =
256
44 =

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 1
(c) 13 =
8
23 =
27
33 =
64
43 =
1(1  1) 2

3 3
(d)
2(2  1)
2
3
3(3  1)
4
3
4(4  1) 20

3 3

25
27. (a) [5(1)] 2 =
100
[5(2)] 2 =
225
[5(3)] 2 =
400
[5(4)] 2 =
4
(b) (1) 2 + 3(1) =
10
(2) 2 + 3(2) =
18
(3) 2 + 3(3) =
28
(4) 2 + 3(4) =

101 9(n  1)
28. (a) The number pattern of the sequence 101, 92, 83, … is .
(b) The twentieth term= 101  9(20  1)
= 101  171
70
=

1  6(n  1)
29. (a) The number pattern of the sequence 1, 7, 13, … is .
(b) ∵ The nth term is 67,
∴ 1 + 6(n  1) = 67
6n  5 = 67
6n = 72

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 12
n=

4n
30. (a) The number pattern of the sequence 4, 8, 12, … is .
(b) ∵ The nth term is 1 024,
∴ 4n = 1 024
256
n=

31. (a)

，
(b)

Number of squares 2 4 6 8 10

Number of points of
2 6 10 14 18
intersection
(c) Let the number of squares be n, then the number of points of intersection is 2(n  1).
When there are 24 squares, n = 24.
46
∴ The number of points of intersection of 24 squares is 2(24  1) = .

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