CHEMISTRY

ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023

GRADE 12 BOARD ROLL NUMBER:

PROJECT DETAILS: Crystal Growth Formation

NAME OF STUDENT: Angela Mary Alexander

TEACHER INCHARGE: Ms. Anie Merrilin Gladson

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of

All India Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (AISSCE).

 Certificate

This is to certify that Angela Mary Alexander of Class 12, Roll Number has successfully

completed the Project on Crystal Growth Formation under the guidance of Ms. Anie Merrilin Gladson

during the year 2022-23 in the partial fulfilment of requirement of Practical Examination (AISSCE).

This is further to certify that this project is the individual and bonafide work of the candidate.

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Internal Examiner’s Name: External Examiner’s Name:

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Internal Examiner’s Sign with date: External Examiner’s Sign with date:

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Principal’s Signature with seal
 CRYSTAL
GROWTH
FORMATION

CHEMISTRY PROJECT
Done by Angela
12 - G1
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the

Principal Ms. Teresa Varman, the Vice Principal
Ms. Sujatha Balasubramanian and the supervisor
Ms. Hajarah Hamdani for giving me an opportunity to
conduct this project .

I would also like to thank my chemistry teacher

Ms. Anie Merrilin Gladson for her guidance and constant
support throughout the project. I would also like to thank
the Lab Assistant Ms. Sreedevi Raveendran for
providing the materials and her constant support
throughout the project.

Last but not the least I would also like to thank my

partner, Hepsy Bernita for helping me complete the
project within the given time frame.
 INDEX

1 Introduction

3 Aim

3 Material Required

3 Chemicals Required

4 Procedure & observation

4 Copper Sulphate

6 Potassium Dichromate
8 Magnesium Sulphate

10 Applications
11 Precautions

12 Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION
Crystallization can be defined as the solidification of a liquid
substance into a highly structured solid whose atoms or
molecules are placed in a well-defined three-dimensional crystal
lattice. The smallest individual part of a crystal is called a unit
cell. Many unit cells combine together to form a crystal.

Crystallization is primarily used as a separation technique to

obtain pure crystals of a substance from an impure mixture.
Another important application of crystallization is its use to
obtain pure salt from seawater. It can also be used to obtain pure
alum crystals from an impure alum. In such scenarios,
crystallization is known to be more effective than evaporation
since it also removes the soluble impurities

The word crystal is derived from the Ancient Greek word

κρύσταλλος (krustallos), meaning both “ice” and “rock crystal.”
Most minerals occur naturally as crystals. Every crystal has an
orderly, internal pattern of atoms, with a distinctive way of
locking new atoms into that pattern to repeat it again and
again.

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The internal arrangement of atoms determines all the chemical
and physical properties of the crystal, including color. Light
interacts with different atoms to create different colors. Most
minerals are colorless in their pure state; however, impurities of
the atomic structure cause color.

Quartz, for example, is normally colorless, but occurs in a range

of colors from pink to brown, depending on the number and type
of impurities in its structure. In its colorless state, quartz
resembles ice.

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AIM:
To notice the formation of crystal growth from various
chemicals and salts.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
1. Food coloring
2. Beakers
3. Water / Hot Water
4. Spatula
5. Thread

CHEMICALS REQUIRED:
1. Copper Sulphate
2. Potassium Dichromate
3. Magnesium Sulphate

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PROCEDURE:
1. Copper Sulphate
Chemical Formula:
CuSO4

1. In the beaker, stir 1/2 cup of copper sulphate with

1/2 cup of very hot tap water for at least one
minute. This creates a saturated solution,
meaning no more salt can dissolve in the water.
(Some undissolved crystals will be at the bottom
of the glass.)
2. Put the beaker in the refrigerator.
3. Take a thread and tie it to the seed of the copper
sulphate and dip it into the saturated solution and
leave it undisturbed.
4. Check on it in a few hours to see a beaker full of
crystals! Pour off the remaining solution to
examine them.

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 Observation:
The temperature of the water determines how much copper
sulphate it can hold; it will dissolve more when it is hotter.
Cooling the solution rapidly encourages fast crystal
growth, since there is less room for the dissolved salt in the
cooler, denser solution. As the solution cools, the copper
sulphate atoms run into each other and join in a crystal
structure.

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2. Potassium Dichromate
Chemical Formula:
K2Cr2O7
1. In the beaker, stir 1/2 cup of potassium
dichromate with 1/2 cup of very hot tap water for
at least one minute. This creates a saturated
solution, meaning no more salt can dissolve in the
water. (Some undissolved crystals will be at the
bottom of the glass.)
2. Put the beaker in the refrigerator.
3. Take a thread and tie it to the seed of the
potassium dichromate and dip it into the saturated
solution and leave it undisturbed.
4. Check on it in a few hours to see a beaker full of
crystals! Pour off the remaining solution to
examine them.

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Observation:
The temperature of the water determines how much
potassium dichromate it can hold; it will dissolve
more when it is hotter. Cooling the solution rapidly
encourages fast crystal growth, since there is less
room for the dissolved salt in the cooler, denser
solution. As the solution cools, the potassium
chromate atoms run into each other and join in a
crystal structure.

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 3. Magnesium Sulphate
Chemical Formula:
MgSO4
1. In the beaker, stir 1/2 cup of magnesium
sulphate with 1/2 cup of very hot tap water for at
least one minute. This creates a saturated
solution, meaning no more salt can dissolve in
the water. (Some undissolved crystals will be at
the bottom of the glass.)
2. Put the beaker in the refrigerator.
3. Take a thread and tie it to the seed of the copper
sulphate and dip it into the saturated solution
and leave it undisturbed.
4. Check on it in a few hours to see a beaker full of
crystals! Pour off the remaining solution to
examine them.

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Observation:
The temperature of the water determines how much
magnesium sulphate it can hold; it will dissolve more
when it is hotter. Cooling the solution rapidly
encourages fast crystal growth, since there is less
room for the dissolved salt in the cooler, denser
solution. As the solution cools, the magnesium
sulphate atoms run into each other and join in a
crystal structure

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 APPLICATIONS
Crystal is one of the most common method of
formation of pharmaceutical solids for Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) development. The
optimization of the particulate properties such as
particle size and shape distributions are paramount as the
physical form dictates drug product quality and
effectiveness.
Many pharmaceutical drugs have poor physiochemical
profiles, such as poor solubility in biological fluids.
Significant research and development efforts have been
made towards developing a solid form landscape that
covers all possible solid structures, including
polymorphs, solvates, co-crystals, salts, and the
amorphous phase to improve Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredient (API) development.
It also focuses on the use of crystal engineering
methods to improve drug properties such as solubility
and dissolution rate for optimum drug delivery.

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 PRECAUTIONS
1. Wear dedicated work clothing with long sleeves
2. Protect hands and skin from exposure. Wear
gloves, especially if you have cuts or abrasions. Keep
hands away from face and eyes!
3. Do not inhale dusts. Wear a mask while handling
chemicals.
4. Wash up after each use — clean yourself and your
tools. Keep your work area clean.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. https://www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmaceutics/spec
ial_issues/crystal_drug
2. http://www.geologypage.com/2016/03/how
-do-crystals-form-grow.html
3. https://byjus.com/chemistry/crystallization/
4. Google Images

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