(1.0) Ielts Upper Intermediate

IELTS
UPPER INTERMEDIATE
5.0 - 5.5
INDEX
UNIT 1 IELTS Task: Writing Task 2 - Opinion Essays
IELTS Task: Speaking Part 2 - Event/Activity Monologue
UNIT 2 IELTS Task: Writing Task 2 - Opinion Essays (Continue)

IELTS Task: Speaking Part 2- Activity/Event Monologue
UNIT 3 Vocabulary: Festivals

Language Study: Talking About Future Arrangement
IELTS Task:
Speaking Part 2 - Event Monologue
Speaking Part 1
- How would you improve X?
- How has X changed?
- What is the best time (of year) to do X?
IELTS Task: Listening Section 3 - Multiple Choices
UNIT 4 IELTS Task: Reading - T/F/NG and Completion questions

IELTS Task: Speaking Part 2 - A Situation/ Time
UNIT 5 IELTS Task: Reading - Multiple Choices and Diagram Labeling

IELTS Task: Speaking Part 2 - A Situation/ Time
UNIT 6 Vocabulary Discovery: Global Problem

IELTS Task: Speaking Part 2 - An Object/Favorite Monologue
UNIT 7 IELTS Task: Writing Task 2 - Two-part Questions Essays

Language Study: Past Perfect Tense
IELTS Task: Speaking Part 2 - An Object/ Your Favorite
UNIT 8 IELTS Task: Writing Task 2 - Two-questions EssaysIELTS Task:

Speaking Part 1
- Do people do/get enough X?
- Is it difficult to do X?
Speaking Part 2 - An Object/Favorite Monologue
IELTS Task: Listening - Academic Form Filling
UNIT 9 Vocabulary Discovery: Law and Punishment
IELTS Task:
Speaking Part 1
- When was the first/last time you did X?
- Did you learn to do X?
Speaking Part 2 - Place Monologue
IELTS Task: Listening - Form Filling
UNIT 10 IELTS Task: Reading Practice - Environmental Science

IELTS Task:
Speaking Part 1
- Is it difficult to do X?
- When was the first/ last time you did X?
Speaking Part 2 - Person Monologue
IELTS Task: Listening - Section 3&4: Multiple Choices -
Academic Filling
UNIT 11 IELTS Task: Reading - Global Politics

IELTS Task:
Speaking Part 1
- Do you prefer X to Y?
- How often do you do X?
Speaking Part 2: Place monologue
Vocabulary Discovery: Chocolate
UNIT 12 Vocabulary Discovery: Advertisement/ Marketing

IELTS Task: Listening Section 1&3
- Form filling
- Multiple choice
- Boost your vocab for listening: Vocabulary for Academic
Lecture
UNIT 13 IELTS Task: Writing Task 1 - Line Graph/ Bar Chart/ Pie
Chart/ Table (Practice)
IELTS Task:Speaking Part 1
- Is X suitable for (types of people)?
- How important is X?
Speaking Part 2: A Person monologue
Vocabulary Discovery: Patience
UNIT 14 IELTS Task: Writing Task 1 - Process/ Map

IELTS Task: Listening Section 2&4
- Map Labeling
- Lecture Filling
- Boost your vocabulary for listening: Vocab for
Map labeling and academic lecture
UNIT 15 Vocabulary Discovery: Money

IELTS Upper Intermediate
UNIT 1
IELTS Task: Writing - Task 2: Opinion Essays
Very often in the IELTS exam, you will have to write an essay called an ‘opinion’ essay. This is where you have to
write about your opinion on a common topic. To such questions, you are being asked for your personal opinion.
That is to say, you tend to present evidence and then draw a general conclusion.
➢ Sample question
The first part of the question for an IELTS opinion essay will be a statement. You will then be asked to give your
own opinion about the statement. Here is some typical wording that might be used:
dy
● What is your opinion?
u
● Do you agree or disagree?
● To what extent do you agree or disagree?

St
A big salary is much more important than job satisfaction.
an
Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from
your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.

ic
➢ Three common mistakes

er
● Not stating an opinion

Am
● Giving arguments for both views
● Not supporting your opinion with clear reasons
➔ The most common mistake that students make is not giving an opinion. The question will clearly state that you
must choose one side of the argument. If you fail to do this, you will get a low score for task achievement.
➔ It doesn’t matter which side of the argument you take or even, that you agree with it. Choose the one you can
develop the best argument for.
➔ Make sure that you don’t change your opinion part way through the essay, and don’t give reasons for the
opposing view.
1
➢ Outline
For ‘opinion’ essays, should you give both sides of the argument or just one side? The answer is that you can do
either
A. Essay structure for one side of the argument
Introduction ● Paraphrase the question
● State your opinion clearly in the thesis statement
Body Body 1 ● Topic sentence: 1st reason for supporting this view
● Explanation: explain this idea
● Example: give an example or expand the idea
dy
Body 2 ● Topic sentence: 2nd reason for supporting this view
u
●
St
Example: give an example or expand the idea
Conclusion Summarize opinion and key reasons

an
●
ic
er
Am
2
B. Essay structure for giving both sides
Introduction ● Paraphrase the question
● State your opinion clearly in the thesis statement
Body Body 1 ● Topic sentence: Opposite opinion
● Explanation: explain this idea, accept some of the opposite
arguments
Body 2 ● Topic sentence: Your opinion
dy
u
Conclusion ● Explain that you understand the opposite opinion, but overall you
believe that…
St
an
ic
er
Am
3
IELTS Task: Speaking - Part 2 Event/Activity Monologue
➢ Sample questions
● Describe a happy day you would like to have
● Describe a colorful event that you enjoyed
➢ Useful Vocabulary
Words and phrases to set up the setting of the event
● The time that + past simple
● The first time + past simple
● When I was living/working in…
dy
● I was living/working/traveling in (location) at the time
I used to live/work…
u
●
● I would always/often/usually St
Prepositions of time and time phrases
an
● Last (weeks, weekends, months, years, festivals)

ic
● In (month, seasons, years, long periods of time)
On (days, special days)

er
● At (specific times, noons, midnights, festivals)

Am
● During (months, seasons, long festivals, long periods of time)
● around/about (times, months, occasions, festivals, special days)
● Once
● One day
● Quite a while ago/some time ago
● When
Prepositions of location
● At
● over/above
4
● Next to/beside/by
● Near to…/far from…
Past simple with sequence markers
● At first
● To start with
● Initially
● To begin with
● First of all
● As soon as
dy
● By the time,...
● Finally,
u
● Eventually, St
● At last,
an
Language to describe what happened
I was doing…, when X happened

ic
● I did A, I did B and then I did C

er
● I wish I had known…, then I wouldn’t have gone
Looking back, I wouldn’t do that again

Am
What type of event
Stories Competitions/ Sports Learning a Language Journeys
Children’s story Sports match Class School trip
Bedtime story Boxing match Activity Educational trip
Novel Sports competition Exercise Road trip
Poem Athletics competition Role-play Day trip
5
Play Chess competition Summer camp Holiday/vacation
Film Speech contest English corner Family holiday
Opera The Olympic Games Friendly game Tour
Parties TV
Birthday party TV programme
Housewarming party TV drama
dy
Hen party TV show
u
Stag party Soap opera
St
Wedding reception Documentary
an
Ball Comedy
ic
➢ Idioms
er
Idioms relating to the topic of memory

Am
● Something is on the tip of your tongue: you know it, but can’t quite remember it
Example: Her name is on the tip of my tongue - what is it?
● Ring a bell: think you’ve heard something before
Example: His name rings a bell, but I don’t think we’ve ever met
● A train of thought: a series of consecutive thoughts
Example: Oh no! I’ve lost my train of thought
● Rack your brains: think very hard
Example: I racked my brains, but couldn’t think where I’d left the book
6
● come/spring to mind: immediately think of something
Example: I’d like to get him a special birthday present, but nothing springs to mind
● Slip your mind: forget about something
Example: I was going to ring her to wish her happy birthday, but it slipped my mind
● Bear/keep something in mind: remember information when making a decision or thinking about
a matter
Example: Bearing in mind that it was your first attempt, I think you did very well
Idioms to tell stories
● To say the least: expression used to indicate that something is more serious or important than
dy
your words
Example: The office party was embarrassing, to say the least.
u
● From the word go: from the very start St
Example: It all went wrong from the word go, when I couldn’t find the venue and was 2 hours late
● For a split second: for a very brief moment

an
Example: John told me he’d won the lottery and for a split second I believed him!
● At first glance: when you first look at it

ic
Example: The exam looked really easy at first glance, but it was actually really difficult, and I think
er
I’ve failed.
A turn-up for the books: a strange or surprising event

Am
Example: That’s a real turn-up for the books - I just got a pay rise I wasn’t expecting
➢ Grammar point: The Passive Voice for Location or Cause of Events
When talking about a past event, native speakers will often use the passive voice to say why or where an event
occurred in the past
Formula: be + past participle (+ by + agent)
Example
● I was given a present for my 8th birthday
● The party was held in an office
7
● I was told the story by my teacher
● The competition was organized by my school
● I was taken to the swimming pool by my father
➢ Practice:
1.1 Choose the appropriate prepositions of location from the choices below to complete the sentences
1. I was sitting ____ the living room when my mother told me a great documentary was going to be ____ TV
A. At - on B. In - at C. In - on
dy
2. An interesting story I heard as a child was about Yu Gong, who lived ____ a mountain
u
A. outside B. beside C. inside
3.
St
I was later for the meeting than anyone else because I lived so ____ the office. Ben’s house, on the other
hand, is just ____ where we work

an
A. far from - opposite B. outside of - near to C. above - in front of

ic
4. I once went to a fantastic party ____ the beach

er
A. on B. in C. over
Am
5. The basketball tickets my brother bought were fantastic; there was only a few meters ____ our seats and
the basketball players
A. outside of B. in front of C. between
6. A great journey I had a few years ago was when my wife and I flew in a helicopter ____ the Grand
Canyon in the USA
A. over B. under C. in front of
7. I remember having my photograph taken ____ the Great Wall when a bird landed on my head
8
A. outside B. far from C. in front of
8. Last year, I went to Can Gio and visited the Mangrove Forest just ____ the center of Ho Chi Minh city
A. next to B. outside of C. between
1.2 Combine the following sentences. For each, write one sentence that combines both items of
information using a relative clause
Example
Many students had been studying hard. They all decided to have a party after their exams
dy
→ All of the students who had been studying hard decided to have a party after their exams
1. Simon gets carsick very easily. He felt very ill on the school bus one day
u
2. Susan is very forgetful. She forgot her handbag St
3. Many tennis fans didn’t manage to buy tickets. They all watched the match on TV screens outside
an
4. Ralph was a friendly old man. He used to talk to me every day on my way home from school
5. Lots of passengers hadn’t bought a ticket. They were thrown off the bus
ic
6. Some members of the tour group were American. They didn’t understand what I said.
er
Am
1.3 Complete the sentences below by writing the correct passive forms of the verbs in brackets
1. Our basketball matches ______ (play) at the local park
2. I ______ (invite) to the party ______ my sister-in-law
3. Lots of stories ______ (read) to me ______ my grandparents
4. I ______ (promote) ______ my boss, and as a result I became the manager of my colleagues
5. The English corners at university ______ (teach) in a corner of the library
6. We ______ (take) to the cinema ______ my aunt before she took us to lunch in a really expensive restaurant
7. The Christmas tree ______ (carry) into the living room and then my sister and I spent ages decorating it
8. Thankfully, my plane ticket to Japan ______ (buy) for me ______ my parents
9
1.4 Write the words and phrases below in the correct spaces
fairy tale legend poems road trip role play
speech romantic the first time the time when
contest weekend away
1. I would like to talk about ______ I went abroad. My boyfriend and I went to Rome for a ______ and he proposed to
me. Since then, we’ve had many such short trips
2. I want to tell you about the ______ of King Arthur. It’s a very old story, though it’s probably not true
3. I’d like to speak about ______ I rode my motorcycle for hundreds of kilometers around Inner Mongolia. It was a
fantastic
dy
4. One thing that really helped me to learn Spanish was the time that I competed in Spanish ______. As well as giving
a long talk, we also had a recite famous ______ and act in a ______ with the other contestants
u
5. The story I really like is the ______ ‘Cinderella’, which is about the girl with two ugly sisters who marries a prince
St
an
1.5 Now read the script of another candidate doing the task. Find 10 grammatical errors and match them
with the error types (1-10) below.

ic
One event I remember well is my parents taking me to the Beijing to see Opening Ceremony of Olympics. It
er
was held in 2008, when I was 12 years old. My father explained me that it was a very important event in our
Am
country. I never went to the Beijing before. It was the exciting day of my life. I remember 2008 drummers
were all doing the same thing. If one made a mistake, the whole show will be ruined. But no one made a
mistake. It was perfect! There were people dressed in colorful costumes fly across the stage. Small children
was dressed in national clothes. A small girl was singing beautifully. When our national anthem played, we all
stood up and sang. I felt so proud. I never forget that day!
1. Past perfect tense needed 6. Subject/verb agreement in passive
2. Present participle needed 7. Future simple needed
3. Third conditional error 8. Superlative error
4. Unnecessary article 9. Verb pattern error
10
5. Article missing x2 10. Past continuous used instead of past simple
1.6 Discuss with your classmates. Do you know these historical events? When did these events take place?
a. The First World War
b. Rapid growth of technology
c. The start of the Egyptian Pharaoh dynasties
d. Y2K
1.7 Fill in the table below. Then, take turn telling your stories
dy
When Where What happened How you felt
u
A birthday party St
you joined
an
A school trip you
joined
ic
er
Am
11
UNIT 2
IELTS Task: Writing - Task 2 Opinion Essays (Continue)
➢ Practice Writing Opinions Essays
Chunks for introducing opinion
● Many people argue/say/feel/think/believe/consider that…
● A growing number of people argue that…
● It is argued by some that…
It is widely believed that…
dy
●
● There is a common belief that…
Some say/argue/feel/believe/insist that…
u
●
● Many people hold the view that… St

Chunks for adding more
an
● It is their view/belief that…

ic
● They claim/argue/feel that…
This is because they say it is…

er
● Another common belief about [topic] is that…

Am
● There is also an argument that…
Giving your own opinion
● I believe/think that…
● In my view/From my perspective, …
● I feel strongly that…
● I would argue that…
Agreeing with an idea
● I am convinced that…
12
● I am certain that…
● I partially/to some extent support…
● I generally agree that…
Disagreeing with an idea
● I totally disagree with that…
● There is no justification for…
● I am completely against…
● I do not agree with the idea that…
● I do not think/believe…
u dy
2.1
St
Match the adverbs in column A with the correct meaning in column B
A B
an
1. personally A. It is easy to understand

ic
2. unfortunately B. It is easy to understand

er
3. clearly C. It is well deserved

Am
4. obviously D. This is my own opinion
5. justifiable E. I believe this is a sad thing
6. thankfully F. I believe this is a good thing
7. fortunately G. I believe this is a good thing
13
➢ How to avoid absolute statements
Making predictions
● Would probably/certainly/definitely
● more/highly likely/unlikely
● could/may/might possibly
● highly/very/quite likely/possible/unlikely
Avoid “all”: ways of saying “some”
● many/a lot of/ lots of/ a large number of
dy
● The majority of/most
● Some + N plural
u
● Certain + N plural
● A minority of + N
St
● A few/a small number of + N
an
Avoiding ‘always’
ic
● Almost always/usually/normally/mostly/generally
er
● sometimes/occasionally/often
● At certain times
Am
Avoiding “no” and “more”
● Only a very insignificant number
● Few
● Almost no
14
➢ Giving supporting arguments and opinions
The IELTS examiners will be looking at how clearly you can express your ideas and arguments in your writing.
There are several useful ways such as giving examples, giving the reasons, results or consequences (if any).
Introducing examples
● A good example of this is/ would be to…
● For example,.../For instance,...
● …such as…
● Take [something] is an example
Introducing reasons
dy
In the two main paragraphs, you can provide two or three reasons that support each point of view.
u
Use sequencing words and phrases to introduce these sentences so that the paragraph flows
St
smoothly from one reason to another
First reason Other reasons Final reason

an
First,.../First of all,... Secondly,.../Thirdly,... Finally,...

ic
One reason is that… A second/third reason is One final reason is that…
The first reason… that…

er
For one thing,... Another reason is that…

Am
Moreover,.../ Furthermore,
…/ In addition, …
Equally important is the
fact that…
Explaining opinions
● Clearly, …
● … would obviously…
● …certainly…
15
Explanation
In other words,...
2.2 Develop these basic ideas, adding your own ideas to support them and using the chunks above
1. Women/better teachers than men

It is argued by some that women make better teachers than men. They claim that women possess natural skills
which they are able to transfer to the classroom which men do not have.
2. Changing career/bad
3. Older people/better employees
dy
4. Anyone can be famous
5. prison/does not work
u
2.3 Look at the topic below and answer the questions
St
an
Success in life is more a matter of luck than of ability
To what extent do you agree or disagree

ic
1. If you agree with the proposition, what is your position? What will you try to show in your response? If you
er
disagree with the proposition, what is your position?

Am
2. Think of two or three reasons to agree with the proposition
3. Think of two or three reasons to disagree with proposition
4. Do you have any personal background - knowledge or experience - that makes you support or oppose this
proposition?
5. Write the introduction and the main paragraphs
16
2.4 Discuss and write about the following topic
Language teachers should concentrate on giving positive feedback to students when they do good
work, rather than on criticizing bad work.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Nowadays university education is very expensive. Some people say that universities should reduce
their fees, especially for the less fortunate students or for those coming from rural areas. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
dy
People should follow the customs and traditions when they start to live in a new country. To what
u
extent do you agree or disagree?
St
an
ic
er
Am
17
IELTS Task: Speaking - Part 2 An Activity/ Event Monologue
Exam tip: To answer this kind of question, you can follow the bullet points in the cue card to brainstorm your
ideas
Topic: Describe a time you were with people and got bored
You should say:
● Where you were
● Who you were with
● Why it was boring
And explain what you did
dy
Exam tip: Another approach to this question
Setting
u
● Where is it? What was the backdrop? Why were you there?
St
● Tenses: try to mix up some past tenses
an
Example: I was living in London at the time, and I had moved there a few years earlier
People
ic
● Using the language of personality

er
Happened
Be careful with the verb tenses

Am
● Using story-telling skill
Exam tip: At the end of your talk in IELTS speaking part 2, you may want to express regret as a conclusion. By
saying regret, you can easily impress the IELTS examiner by some advanced language and grammar.
Sample answer using the approach above
Topic: Describe a colorful event that you enjoyed
Answer
Setting
A while back, I went to see a show called the Lion King. I was traveling on holiday in London at the time with
my family. I had heard about that show, so I decided to get tickets for us all.
18
People
My daughter was dead excited about it. She was 7 at the time, so she was really into animals. My wife was
pleased as punch, because she had never been to a show in London before. She said I had been very
thoughtful and considerate buying tickets for us.
Happened
So, we arrived at the theater, took our tickets and sat down. We were struck by the size of it. The hall was huge.
The stage was closed by this large red curtain, and the auditorium had these lovely golden arches in the
galleries. Our seats were really comfy, with nice blue covers.
After a few minutes the show started and it was wonderful. The costumes were striking, full of different colors
dy
and textures. There was an array of lights, reflecting the various colors of Africa. You really felt like you were
there.
u
Conclusions St
We loved it, and if I had known it was going to be that good, I would have forked out a bit more money to get
an
seats closer to the stage.
Prepare useful notes

ic
er
Am
19
2.5 Think back about these events and make brief notes according to the suggested questions. Then work
in pairs, and take turns talking about the events.
Event/Activity What was it? When? Where Who? What happened?
1. An event you
celebrated
2. A performance
u dy
St
an
3. A sporting event
ic
er
Am
4. A holiday
20
2.6 Use the diagram below to talk about your feelings for the topics in exercise 2.5
1. An event you celebrated
u dy
St
an
2. A performance
ic
er
Am
21
3. A sporting event
dyu
St
an
4. A holiday
ic
er
Am
22
2.7 Task card #1: Describe a holiday/trip you want to go on in the future
You should say:
● Where this place is
● Who you would like to go with
● What you would do there
And explain why you want to go there
Vocabulary:
● Have itchy feet: muốn đi đây đi đó ● Commercialization n. thương mại hóa
● Destination n. Điểm đến ● Magnificence n. sự tráng lệ
dy
● Travel buff n. người mê du lịch ● Cultural beauty n. vẻ đẹp văn hoá
● Prominent adj. nổi bật ● Key selling point n. lợi điểm bán hàng chính
u
● Northernmost adj. tận cùng phía bắc ● Pristine adj. nguyên vẹn, ban sơ
● Altitude n. cao độ St ● Ethnic group n. dân tộc
● Ethereal adj. kỳ ảo ● Ecolodge n. khu nghỉ dưỡng sinh thái
● Price point n. mức giá
an
Using diagram to brainstorm how you felt:

ic
er
Am
23
Task card #2: Describe a sports match you have watched
You should say:
● When it was
● Where it was
● How you felt while watching this match
Vocabulary:
● final n. trận chung kết ● Head to somewhere: thẳng tiến đến một
● in vain: vô vọng nơi nào đó
● foul n. lỗi ● Enhance watching experience: tăng độ phê
● free kick n. cú đá phạt trực tiếp khi xem TV
dy
● trump card n. át chủ bài ● To be biased toward someone: thiên vị cho
● half n. hiệp ai đó
u
● downbeat adj. buồn rầu ● Opposing team n. đội đối phương
● runner-up n. người về nhì trong cuộc thi
St ● My theory: giả thiết của tôi
● A thrilling match n. một trận đấu hồi hộp ● Conflict of interest: mâu thuẫn lợi ích cá
an
● Enjoy the game to the fullest: phê trong nhân

đam mê cùng trận đấu ● Pour into the city center: đổ ra trung tâm
ic
● Kick off (phrasal verb): bắt đầu thành phố

er

Am
24
Task card #3: Describe a wedding that you have attended
You should say:
● Whose wedding it was
● Who was there
● What happened
And explain how you felt
Vocabulary:
- Wedding march: nghi thức tiến hành hôn lễ - Moved adj. Cảm động
- Making marriage vows: trao nhau lời thề nguyện - Reunion n. Buổi tụ họp
dy
- Bowing down to parents: cúi người tỏ lòng thành - Love journey n. Hành trình yêu nhau
kính với bậc sinh thành - Ups and downs: những thăng trầm
u
- Giving and receiving rings: trao nhẫn - Unforgettable adj. Khó quên
- Having a feast: tiệc tùng: St
- Proposing a toast: đề nghị những người có mặt
cùng nâng ly để chúc mừng, vinh danh hoặc tưởng
an
nhớ ai/điều gì
ic

er
Am
25
UNIT 3
Vocabulary Discovery: Festivals
➢ New words
● Altar n. Bàn thờ
● Tradition n. Truyền thống
● Custom n. Phong tục
● Carnival n. Ngày hội, lễ hội
● Religion n. Tôn giáo
dy
● Religious adj. Liên quan đến tôn giáo
● Traditional dishes np. Món ăn truyền thống, đặc trưng
u
● Delicacy n. Đồ ăn ngon, tinh vi, tinh tế
● Lantern n. Lồng đèn St
● Parade n. Buổi diễu hành
● Family gatherings n. Tụ tập gia đình
an
● Ancestor n. Tổ tiên
● Tribute n vật cống nạp, lòng tôn kính
ic
● Ritual n. Lễ nghi, nghi thức

er
● Sanctity n. Tính thiêng liêng, thần thánh, sự bất khả xâm phạm
● Folklore n. Truyền thống, phong tục tập quán
Am
● Incense n. Hương trầm, nhang khói

● Sacred adj. Thiêng liêng, sùng kính, bất khả xâm phạm
● Pilgrim n. Người hành hương
● Lion dance n. Múa lân sư rồng, sư tử
● Solemn adj. Long trọng, trang nghiêm, quy cách
● Tinsel n. Dây kim tuyến
● Sleigh n. Cỗ xe
● Bauble n. Quả châu
● Reindeer n. Con tuần lộc
● Easter n. Lễ Phục Sinh
● Mid-Autumn Festival n. Tết trung thu
26
● New Year’s Eve: Đêm giao thừa

● Independence Day n. Lễ Độc lập
● Lantern Festival n. Tết nguyên tiêu
➢ Phrasal verb
● Look forward to: waiting for something with pleasure
● Put off: delay, postpone
● Hang up: place something somewhere so that everybody notices it
● Wrap up: covering something completely with paper material
● Fizzle out (informal): to gradually become less successful and end in a disappointing way
● Light up: to become or to make something become bright with light or color
● Take place: to happen, especially after previously being organized
dy
● Book up: if an event, person or place is booked up, there is no space or time available for someone
● Pour in: arrive or enter somewhere in very large numbers
u
● Pack out adj. Very full of people
●
St
Stand in: play the role of someone for a short period of time
● Put on: organize
an
● To tie in with: if one event ties in with another, it is planned so that both events happen at the same time
● Turnout n. the number of people who came to watch or take part in an event or activity
ic
● Put back sth or put sth back: arrange something for a later time
er
Am
27
➢ Collocation
Ballynoe Fiddle Festival
This fun festival falls on the third Saturday of July, and the village becomes the
center of wild music for the whole day. The festival celebrates the birthday of
Pat Davey, a famous local musician. This year’s special guests include Anne O’Keeffe (fiddle) and Ger
Downes (guitar), who will uphold the annual tradition of playing at the house where Darvey was born.
Traditional festivities
1
Different religions often have movable feasts which depend on the phases of the moon.
dy
There is a rich tradition of music and dance in central Sweden.
Jazz and blues are part of the cultural heritage of the southern United States.
u
Every year the town puts on a firework display as part of the festival.
St
We have a proud tradition of raising funds for charity through our annual town festival.
This month some of our students are observing the festival of Ramadan.
an
In a break with tradition this year’s festival will feature modern dances alongside traditional ones.
1. can refer to any arrangement, plan or appointment where the date is flexible
ic
A wedding celebration
er
1
Ladies and gentlemen, according to long-standing tradition, I now have to make a speech, but it’ll
Am
2
be very short, so here goes. I never thought Theo would ever get hitched , but he’s finally decided to
3
tie the knot . Yesterday he was suffering from pre-wedding nerves, but today he looked calm and
4 5
happy as he and Jade were joined in matrimony . So now, I’d like to propose a toast to the bride
6
and groom. Please raise your glasses. To Jade and Theo! May they have many years of wedded bliss
1. which has existed for a long time
2/3. (informal) get married
4. (formal: used as part of the marriage ceremony) married
5. also make a toast
6. (usually used slightly humorously) happiness through being married
28
3.1 Work in pairs, discuss the topic below. Then, make notes about main ideas and supporting ideas.
Write your own essay.
Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional or religious festivals; during festival periods,
people nowadays only want to enjoy themselves. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
opinion?
Language Study: Talking About Future Arrangement
Tense Usage Example
dy
Present ● Plans or definite arrangements ● We’re staying in a small hotel (we have made
continuous for the future the arrangements)
u
Future ● Make predictions, based on St ● I think it’ll be extremely hot there
simple will opinions or past experiences ● We’ll probably stay in some sort of mountain
Future events we haven’t lodge there

an
●
arranged yet ● The best player on the tour will get a special
Future events or facts that are trophy

ic
not personal ● Tell me all about it and I’ll pass on the

er
● Something we decided to do at information to the rest of the team

Am
the time of speaking
Going to ● Events in the future we have ● We’re going to hire a bus (we intend to go, but
already thought about and we haven’t made the arrangements yet)
intend to do ● Well, we’re certainly going to have a varied trip
● Make predictions when there is (I’m judging this from what I know about the
present evidence plans)
❖ The future in the past
We use was/were going to, was/were planning to, was/were about to + verb to talk something planned which did
not or will not happen
Example: I was going to leave this morning but they canceled my flight
29
IELTS Task: Speaking
Question: How would you improve X?
How to answer
1. Identify problems with X
2. Talk about what you would do to solve them/make them better
3. Say what the positive results of these changes would be
Grammar Point
● Would improve X + by + V-ing/would make X + comparative + by + V-ing
● Suggest someone improve X + by + V-ing/suggest someone make X + comparative + by + V-ing
dy
● Would have + something + past participle (to talk about what they would get others to do)
Sample answer
u
Q: How would you improve your apartment? St
A: To start with, the place I’m living in now is quite small and crowded. I have too much stuff, and it makes it hard
an
to keep track of things, and makes everything look messy and very cramped. There’s also very little light in my flat.
So, firstly, I would make more space by getting rid of some of my things. Then, I would have the windows made
ic
bigger and lighter curtains made and fitted. Then my flat would be much cozier.
er
Am
➢ Practice
3.2 Some of the sentences below are incorrect, some are correct. Identify the incorrect sentences and write
the correct sentences following the rules above
1. To make my daily routine a bit more interesting, I would do some kind of sporting activity in the evenings
2. To make my living room more homely, I put bookshelf in the corner and some plants
3. To make the kitchen better, I would get rid of the old units and have a totally new, modern kitchen install
4. To make my house look more cheerful, I paint the walls of my living room a brighter color
5. To let more light in my house and create more space, I has the balcony extended
30
Cozier Easier Hanging Having
Installing Would make Powerful Warmer
1. ________ a new heater would make my room considerably.
2. ________ up some pictures and tidying up a bit would make our flat much ________.
3. Getting a larger memory for my computer ________ it more ________ and faster.
4. We should spend more money on urban planning. Then our city would have much ________ to get around.
5. ________ a car would make those picturesque countryside towns in the mountains much more accessible.
dy
3.4 Match the sentence halves
u
1. I would improve the area of my office by…
2.
St
I suggest that they make classrooms more comfortable for students by…
3. I would make my flat cozier by…

an
4. I suggest they improve the public transport system by…
5. I would make our canteen better by…

ic
A. …building a few more subway lines

er
B. …suggesting they vary the menu more

Am
C. …investing in a more comfortable couch and redecorating it
D. …cleaning up some of the mess and being more organized
E. …fitting new modern desks and installing new heaters
31
3.5 Answer these questions by using the technique above
1. How would you improve your apartment?
2. How would you change the place where you study to make it better?
3. If you could, how would you improve your university/workplace?
Question: How has X changed?
How to answer
● Say whether something has changed or not
● Compare what it was like in the past and what it is like now
dy
● Be careful and flexible when using different tenses
You should mention 2-3 changes
u
Sample answer St
Q: How has your hometown changed recently?
an
A: My hometown has certainly changed a lot in recent years. Not so long ago, most people had to live in
narrowly-shaped houses but now there are more high-rise buildings with well-furnished apartments.
ic
Furthermore, streets used to be very narrow but now they are broader, so traffic congestion becomes less
er
common. However, one thing I dislike is that the air has become more polluted than before.
Am
Grammar point
● Use the present perfect tense
● Control other simple tenses like past and present
● Use comparative adjectives
32
➢ Practice
3.6 Complete the sentences below by writing the present perfect forms of the verbs in brackets
1. In recent years, people ________ (cut) down a lot of trees in the Brazilian jungle
2. Cleaner streets, nicer buildings and better transport ________ (bring) a lot of tourists to this city in the past couple
of years
3. This week, the authorities ________ (fight) to restore law and order to the city with great success
4. My university campus ________ (undergo) a lot of changes in the past few years
5. My parents ________ (spend) a considerable amount of money fitting a new kitchen and bathroom in our home
6. In recent years, fashion ________ (become) much more interesting and stylish
dy
3.7 Write the correct adjectives in the correct comparative forms to complete the sentences
u
fashionable fast
St
cheap expensive good wide
1. The food is so much ________ and much ________ than here in the capital - I really don’t like the expensive food
an
here.
2. Since they built the high-speed train, I can travel home to see my parents on weekends very easily. It’s about 5
ic
times ________ than the older train.

er
3. People are, in general, a lot ________ today than they were years ago. I think it’s because they have more
Am
money and enjoy buying nice clothes.
4. The downside of all this development is that the gap between the rich and the poor is getting much _________.
5. As a result of all this rapid, sudden growth, food is considerably ________ than it was 5 years ago.
33
1. How have shops changed in your city in the last five years?
2. How has your hometown changed in recent years?
3. How have restaurants in your country changed since you were young?
Question: What is the best time (of year) to do X?
How to answer
● Tell the examiner which time is best for X
● Describe what the conditions at that time are (i.e. weather, social conditions)
● Explain why that is the best time
dy
Sample answer
Q: What time of the year is best for outdoor activities?
u
A: I think the best time of year to do outdoor activities is either in the summer or in the winter, because it
St
depends on what activities you would like to do. The weather between June and early September provides the
an
best conditions for rock climbing, boating, mountain biking and playing sports like tennis and football because
it’s warm, sunny and bright. However, if you are into winter activities like ice-skating, sledging and
ic
figure-skating then the depth of winter is the best time to do them.

er
Grammar point
Am
● Use superlatives correctly
● Use prepositions of time correctly for times of day, month and year
● Use a few colloquial expressions for advantageous conditions
34
➢ Practice
3.9 Complete the following sentences by writing the appropriate comparative or superlative forms of the
adjectives in brackets
1. Winter is probably ______ (bad) time of year; there are no leaves on the trees, the weather is freezing cold and
the people are not happy
2. Spring is ______ (beautiful) time of year. It’s lovely and warm and the flowers are all in bloom
3. Summer is a ______ (suitable) time of year to visit Phu Quoc island than any other season. It’s the only time
when the weather is not cold, but actually quite warm
4. ______ (pleasant) season in which to visit Thailand is most certainly spring, in late March and early April
dy
5. Winter is ______ (good) time to go skiing
6. The spring is ______ (fun) time of year to go climbing in the mountains because it’s not too hot and not too cold
u
7. Flying a kite is ______ (enjoyable) thing to do in summerSt
8. The height of summer is ______ (warm) season of the year to go camping
an
9. Quang Tri is undoubtedly much ______ (hot) than Nha Trang in the summer months. It’s almost unbearable, I
would advise tourists to avoid Quang Tri at the peak of summer.

ic
er
on in at the beginning of during at in the middle of winter

Am
1. The most exciting time to go skiing is ______ when the snow is really thick and fluffy.
2. The best time of year to climb mountains is certainly ______ spring when the air is fresh and cool - not too hot, not
too cold.
3. When it is really hot, ______ the summer months, it is a great time to go swimming in the sea.
4. In Scotland, in March, I like to go walking in the hills. This is the best time for this kind of sport. It’s not fun ______
January or February because of the rain.
5. The time when people give presents the most is certainly ______ Christmas.
6. However, in Vietnam, I think most people give gifts or presents ______ people’s birthdays.
35
● What is the best time of day to work out?
● What is the best time of year to travel in your country?
● What is the best time of year to find a good job in your country?
● What is the best time for rock climbing or mountain biking?
Question: What do you want/hope to do (in the future)?
How to answer
● Say what your ambition for the future is
● Say why you want to achieve it
dy
● Say how you hope to achieve it
Sample answer
u
Q: What do you want to do when you finish university?
St
A: What I really hope to do is work for an NGO here in HCMC. I would like to find a purpose in life - I don’t want to
an
just worry about success and making money like a lot of people nowadays. I think it would be so rewarding and
challenging to work as a volunteer. If I work really hard and save up enough money, then I will go to Europe and
ic
get a master’s.
er
Grammar point
Am
1. Use hope and would like:
● I hope to be able to + V
● I hope I can + V
● What I really hope to do is + V
2. Use future ambition phrases to say what you want to achieve
3. Use the first conditional
36
➢ Practice
3.12 Some of the sentences below are incorrect, some are correct. Identify the incorrect sentences and
write the correct sentences in the spaces provided
1. In the future I would really like travel in the desert
2. When I finish the university, I hope to volunteer for a year for the Red Cross
3. What I really like to do when I am older is live in a wooden house in California
4. I hope have the opportunity to go fishing in lake Tanzania
5. What I’d really like to do learn another foreign language
3.13 Write the words below in the correct spaces
dy
succeed ambition dream manage
u
1. I would love to ______ to get into the university basketball team
2. It would be amazing to fulfill this lifelong ______

St
3. I really want to ______ in doing this. It would make me so proud
an
4. I am pretty confident that I can achieve my ______ by working hard
3.14 Think about four things you are sure you will achieve if you fulfill certain conditions. Write full first
ic
conditional sentences using the phrases below to help you

er
Pass the test achieve my ambition

Am
Have a really happy life fulfill my dream
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
3.15 Answer the questions by using the technique below
1. Do you hope to do the same job in the future?
2. What do you want to do when you finish university?
3. What kind of job would you like to do when you finish your studies
37
IELTS Task: Listening - Multiple Choices
Action plan reminder
1. Before you listen, look only at the ‘stems’
2. Select answers based on what you hear
3. Don’t choose an option just because you hear a word or phrase from it
4. If, after you listen, you’re not sure of any answers, cross out options that are clearly wrong. Then choose from the
rest
➢ Warm-up activity:
3.16
dy
a. Read the exam questions and options (A-E). Decide which phrase(s) (1-10) mostly closely relate to each
option.
u
Which TWO concerns do Dylan and Tanya agree are the most important about the Science and Technology
St
Festival?
an
A. cost of entry 1. pick which ones to go to
B. distance between venues 2. a waste of time for our courses

ic
C. choosing between talks 3. ticket prices

er
D. scheduled times of the 4. run from one talk to another
talks 5. the schedule must be really tricky to plan

Am
E. relevance to their cause 6. pay a lot on the door
7. it's almost impossible to decide who to see
8. the lecture rooms around campus are pretty
spread out
9. not going to be related to my studies
10. timings in the programme
38
b. 🎧 Listen and do the exam task

c. 🎧 Listen to part of the recording again and complete the conversation. Then answer the questions
below.
Tanya If we do have to pay a lot on the door, I'll only be able to see one or two. 1. ___________ that there
won't be anything related to my studies.
Dylan 2. ___________ , but it's not so much that I'm worried about it being a waste of time for our course,
and with a student discount we definitely shouldn't have any concerns about ticket prices. 3.
___________ is how to pick which ones to go to.
dy
Tanya 4. ___________ there are so many interesting speakers, it's almost impossible to decide who to see.
u
Plus, the lecture rooms around campus are pretty spread out, so 5. ___________ we'll be able to
make it to each St
venue in time.
an
Dylan 6. ________ , neither am I.

ic
● Which of the gaps contain phrases that relate to the most important concerns, and which to agreement?
Read the agreement phrases carefully in context. Which one seems to suggest agreement but actually
er
introduces disagreement?
Am
● Circle the phrases which help you identify the concerns that Tanya and Dylan agree on.
39
➢ Practice:
🎧 3.17 Questions 18-20

Choose the correct letters A-C
18. In this city, clubs and societies are mainly paid for by
A. embassies of other countries
B. individual members
C. the city council
19. Finding the right club might influence your choice of
A. city
B. district
dy
C. friends
u
20. What should you do if the right club does not exist?
A. set one up yourself

St
B. find one on the Internet
an
C. join one in another town

ic
er
Am
40
🎧3.18 a-b
Questions 21-23
Circle THREE letters A-F
What does Katy say about the Language Center?
A. It is near the College
B. The library’s materials are for advanced learners only
C. All books have accompanying cassettes
D. It receives a Spanish newspaper every day
E. At present, at least fifteen languages are taught by computer
F. All the computers can be used for Internet learning
dy
Question 24
u
Choose TWO letters A-E
Which TWO of the following can you watch on the second floor?
St
A. live TV in English
B. live TV in Japanese
an
C. live TV in Turkish
ic
D. recorded news in Arabic

er
E. recorded news in Portuguese
Questions 25-27
Am
Circle THREE letters A-F

What must you do when you join the Language Center?
A. Pay small amount of money
B. show some proof of identity
C. be accompanied by someone from your Department
D. take a test in the language you want to study
E. register at Reception in the Language Center
F. learn how to use the Center’s equipment
41
Question 28
Choose TWO letters A-E
Which TWO should you tell the librarian?
A. whether you have studied the language previously
B. why you want to study this language
C. how many hours per week you must study it
D. which textbooks you will use
E. which other languages you have learned
Questions 29-30
Circle TWO letters A-E
Which TWO of these can you do at the Language Center?
dy
A. read and listen to materials on your own
u
B. choose books to take away from the Center
C. copy tapes to listen to them outside the Center

St
D. photocopy materials yourself
an
E. have a few pages of a book photocopied
🎧 3.19
ic
Questions 27-30
er
Choose the correct letters A, B, C or D

27. Your room during the Orientation Course is
Am
A. usually shared with another student
B. the same room you will have for the rest of the year
C. some distance from the university
D. furnished, and with bed clothes provided
28. The daytime temperature will probably be
A. less than 10℃
B. between 10℃ and 20℃
C. 20℃
D. More than 20℃
42
29. How much free email time do you get?
A. 30 minutes
B. 20 minutes
C. 15 minutes
D. 10 minutes
30. There are Orientation Course activities from
A. Sunday to Saturday
B. Sunday to Friday
C. Monday to Friday
dy
D. Monday to Saturday
u
St
an
ic
er
Am
43
UNIT 4
IELTS Task: Reading - T/F/NG and Completion questions
4.1
Walking with dinosaurs
Walking with dinosaurs The Manchester University team have used

Peter L.Falkingham and his colleagues at
computer simulations to produce a model of a
Manchester University are developing techniques
which look set to revolutionize our understanding giant meat-eating dinosaur. It is called an
of how dinosaurs and other extinct animals
behaved acrocanthosaurus which literally means ‘high
dy
______________ spined lizard’ because of the spines which run
The media image of paleontologists who study along its backbone. It is not really known why
u
prehistoric life is often of field workers camped in
St they are there but scientists have speculated they
the desert in the hot sun, carefully picking away at could have supported a hump that stored fat and
the rock surrounding a large dinosaur bone. But
an
water reserves. There are also those who believe
Peter Falkingham has done little of that for a while that the spines acted as a support for a sail. Of
now. Instead, he devotes himself to his computer.
ic
these, one half think it was used as a display and

Not because he has become inundated with could be flushed with blood and the other half
er
paperwork, but because he is a new kind of think it was used as a temperature-regulating

Am
paleontologist: a computational paleontologist. device. It may have been a mixture of the two.
What few people may consider is that uncovering a The skull seems out of proportion with its thick,
skeleton or discovering a new species, is where the heavy body because it is so narrow and the jaws
research begins, not where it ends. What we really are delicate and fine. The feet are also worthy of
want to understand is how the extinct animals and note as they look surprisingly small in contrast to
plants behaved in their natural habitats. Drs. Bill the animal as a whole. It has a deep broad tail
Sellers and Phil Manning from the University of and powerful leg muscles to aid locomotion. It
Manchester use a ‘genetic algorithm’ - a kind of walked on its back legs and its front legs were
computer code that can change itself and ‘evolve’ - much shorter with powerful claws.
to explore how extinct animals like dinosaurs, and
our own early ancestors, walked and stalked.
44
The fossilized bones of a complete dinosaur Falkingham himself is investigating fossilized
skeleton can tell scientists a lot about the animal, tracks, or footprints, using computer simulations
but they do not make up the complete picture and to help analyze how extinct animals moved.
the computer can try to fill the gap. The computer Modern-day trackers who study the habitats of
model is given a digitized skeleton, and the wild animals can tell you what animal made a
locations of known muscles. The model then track, whether that animal was walking or
randomly activates the muscles. This, perhaps running, sometimes even the sex of the animal.
unsurprisingly, results almost without fail in the But a fossil track poses a more considerable
animal falling on its face. So the computer alters challenge to interpret in the same way. A crucial
the activation pattern and tries again - usually to consideration is knowing what the environment
dy
similar effect. The modeled ‘dinosaurs’ quickly including the mud, or sediment, upon which the
‘evolve’. If there is any improvement, the computer animal walked was like millions of years ago when
u
discards the old pattern and adopts the new one as the track was made. Experiments can answer
the base for alteration. Eventually, the muscle

St these questions but the number of variables is
activation pattern evolves a stable way of moving, staggering. To physically recreate each scenario
an
the best possible solution too, the modeled animal with a box of mud is extremely time-consuming
should be moving in a manner similar to it's and difficult to repeat accurately. This is where
ic
now-extinct counterpart. And indeed, using the computer simulation comes in.
er
same method for living animals (humans, emu and
ostriches) similar top speeds were achieved on the Falkingham uses computational techniques to
Am
computer as in reality. By comparing their model a volume of mud and control the moisture
cyberspace results with real measurements of content, consistency, and other conditions to
living species, the Manchester team of simulate the mud of prehistoric times. A footprint
paleontologists can be confident in the results is then made in the digital mud by a virtual foot.
computed showing how extinct prehistoric animals This footprint can be chopped up and viewed
such as dinosaurs moved. from any angle and stress values can be extracted
and calculated from inside it. By running
hundreds of these simulations simultaneously on
supercomputers, Falkingham can start to
understand what types of footprint would be
45
expected if an animal moved in a certain way over
a given kind of ground. Looking at the variation in
the virtual tracks, researchers can make sense of
fossil tracks with greater confidence.
The application of computational techniques in
paleontology is becoming more prevalent every
year. As computer power continues to increase,
the range of problems that can be tackled and
questions that can be answered will only expand.
dy
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage above?
u
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE
St
If the statement agrees with the information
FALSE If the statement contradicts the information

an
NOT GIVEN If there is no information on this
1. In his study of prehistoric life, Peter Falkingham rarely spends time on outdoor research these days.
ic
2. Several attempts are usually needed before the computer model of a dinosaur used by Sellers and Manning
er
managers to stay upright.

Am
3. When the Sellers and Manning computer model was used for people, it showed them moving faster than they
are physically able to.
4. Some paleontologists have expressed reservations about the conclusions reached by the Manchester team
concerning the movement of dinosaurs.
5. An experienced tracker can analyze fossil footprints as easily as those made by live animals.
6. Research carried out into the composition of prehistoric mud has been found to be inaccurate.
46
Questions 7-9
Label the diagram below
Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage for each answer
Write your answers in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet
u dy
St
an
ic
er
Am
47
Questions 10-13
Complete the flow-chart below
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer
Peter Falkingham’s computer model
Mud is simulated with attention to its texture and thickness and how much 10. __________ it contains.
A virtual foot produces a footprint in the mud
The footprint is dissected and examined from all angles
dy
Levels of 11. _____________ are measured within the footprint
u
⬇
St
Multiple simulations relate footprints to different types of 12. _______________
⬇
an
More accurate interpretation of 13. _______________ is possible

ic
➢ New words:
er
- Revolutionize v. tiến hóa - Store v. trữ

Am
- Technique n. kỹ thuật - Locomotion n. sự di động, sự vận động

- Paleontologist n. nhà cổ sinh vật học - Prevalent adj. phổ biến, thịnh hành
- Prehistoric adj. tiền sử - Simulate v. mô phỏng, giả lập
- Devote v. cống hiến - Alteration n. sự thay đổi
- Algorithm n. thuật toán - Activate v. kích hoạt
- Speculate v. suy xét, nghiên cứu - Pattern n. đặc điểm
- Spine n. Xương sống, gai, cạnh sắc - Hump n. Cái bướu
48
4.2
Questions 28-33
The text below has eight sections, A-H
Choose the correct heading for sections C-H from the list of headings below
Write the correct number, i - xi, in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet
List of Headings
i. How the dogs are trained
ii. Benefits of using dogs to diagnose malaria
iii. Project funding
iv. Other animals that are suitable for the task
v. the symptoms of malaria
dy
vi. Reasons why rich people don’t get malaria
vii. Reasons why dogs are suitable for the task
u
viii. How food choices can help prevent malaria St
ix. The conditions which promote malaria
x. Some background on the disease

an
xi. Problems with current methods of diagnosis

ic
er
Examples:
Section A x
Am
Section B v
28. Section C
29. Section D
30. Section E
31. Section F
32. Section G
33. Section H
49
Medical Detection Dogs: Sniffing Out One of the World's Most Dangerous Diseases
For many years man's best friend has been helping blind people with their daily lives but now, as well as
assisting with lives, they may be able to save them!
A. Malaria kills about half a million people a year. That's about 1400 people every day or 1 person every
minute. The vast majority of these are children under 15 in some of the poorest countries in the world.
There is no cure for malaria and no vaccine to prevent the most vulnerable children catching the disease.
It can kill within 24 hours of infection and some children in Africa can be infected up to 13 times a year.
Spending on malaria accounts for about 40% of the public health budget in countries that can ill-afford it.
B. When the malaria parasites from infected mosquitoes enter the bloodstream they infect and destroy
red blood cells. This leads to flu-like symptoms such as sweating, headache, fever, tiredness, nausea,
dy
vomiting and diarrhea. Because these symptoms are so non-specific it is not always clear that the patient
is a victim of malaria which can delay identification.
u
C. There is no vaccine for malaria and the conditions that encourage the spread of the disease, such as
St
high population density and high mosquito density, are frequently found in the countries of sub-Saharan
Africa. However, if any of these conditions are substantially reduced then malaria can be eradicated and
an
this has happened in North America, Europe and parts of the Middle East. However until it is totally
eliminated from the whole world malaria could easily become re-established.
ic
D. One of the most important weapons in the fight against malaria is early detection of the disease.
er
However, currently diagnosis involves finger-prick blood tests that are then screened in a laboratory. This
is both time-consuming and very expensive and health authorities have real difficulties identifying who is
Am
carrying the malaria parasite in communities where the disease is present at a low level. This is where the
dog's come in.
E. Using dogs to identify malaria carriers has the advantage that it is not invasive, the 'testing' can be
done anywhere and it doesn't require a laboratory. Also a large number of people can be tested at the
same time. The idea is to train dogs to be able to identify malaria victims by their scent.
F. Dogs have an incredible ability to detect minute odor traces created by diseases. Because they are able
to detect tiny odor concentrations, around one part per trillion. This is the equivalent of one teaspoon of
sugar in two Olympic-sized swimming pools. Thus, they are potentially able to detect diseases, such as
malaria, much earlier than is currently possible with traditional methods. This pioneering work with dogs
could help to speed up the diagnosis process and impact on thousands of lives.
50
G. To train the dogs, sweat samples will be collected from 400 Gambian children. Of the samples, 15
percent will be collected from children known to have the malaria parasite, so that the dogs can be
trained to distinguish positive from negative samples. If the first phase of the trial is successful, then the
project may be able to continue if sufficient grand funding is made available.
H. So far the project has already received sufficient funds from the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation to
cover the costs of the initial training and studies. So if it is successful - and there is good reason to
suppose it will be - there is every likelihood that the foundation will continue its support.
Questions 34-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
dy
In boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contracts the information
u
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
St
34. The majority of people killed by malaria are children under the age of 15
35. Malaria always kills people within 24 hours of infection

an
36. The symptoms of malaria make it easy to identify

ic
37. Scientists have been working of a vaccine for malaria since the 1920’s
38. Current methods of diagnosing malaria are expensive

er
39. Dogs will identify carriers of malaria by their scent

Am
40. If the project is successful it is not likely to receive further funding from the Gates Foundation.
➢ New words:
- Detection n. Sự tìm ra, khám phá, phát hiện - Victim n. Nạn nhân
- Flu n. Cúm - Malaria n. Bệnh sốt rét
- Parasite n. Ký sinh trùng - Diagnosis n. Chẩn đoán
- Infection n. Nhiễm trùng, lây nhiễm - Distinguish v. phân biệt
- Initial adj. Ban đầu, lúc đầu
51
IELTS Task: Speaking - Part 2: A Situation/ Time
➢ Vocabulary to describe a situation/time
Useful sentence structures
● I can still remember the time when I (clause)
● I’ll never forget the time when (clause of time)
● I spent my entire noun in (noun phrase)
● At that time, I was still (noun/noun phrase)
● It all started when (clause of time)
● The most exciting time I can recall is when (clause of time)
dy
● What I will always cherish in my heart is the time (clause of time)
u
What
St
● It’s hugely popular
an
● It’s all the rage
● It’s really trendy now

ic
● It tends to be popular with…

er
● It’s not the most popular/useful/interesting (language, game) in the world, but…
Am
Nouns to summarize:
- Exhilarating experience - Nerve-racking adventure
- Unforgettable moment - Bizarre incident
- Formal occasion - Humbling experience
- Rewarding experience - Memorable trip
52
How
● You need patience/persistence/dedication (nouns)
● You need to be patient/persistent/dedicated (adj)
● It’s not for everyone
● It takes a while to pick it up
● It’s a piece of cake/a doodle
● There’s nothing to it
Challenges
dy
● The difficult/tricky thing about it is…
● The biggest challenge/obstacle/hurdle with this is…
u
● X poses a few challenges
● It’s challenging, but it’s worth it!

St
an
Idioms describe situations

ic
● Go to the dogs: it goes from a good situation/condition to a bad one

er
● Let the cat out of the bag: you accidentally tell people a secret/something you should not tell them
Put/set the cat among the pigeons: you create a crisis or a problematic situation
Am
● Not (enough) room to swing a cat: there is very little room or space somewhere
● Know where I stand: you don’t know what your position is or what your situation is with someone, and it’s
worrying you
53
➢ Practice:
4.3 Fill in the gaps with the most suitable idiom in the table above
1. After Joe, one of the greatest employees, retired, the business ___________________ .
2. I was trying to keep the party a secret, but Mel went and___________________ .
3. If we win, that will ___________________.
4. It was described as a large, luxury mobile home, but there was barely ___________________
4.4
a. Match each event a-e with the noun which best describes it
dy
1. An achievement a. Studying abroad
2. A special occasion b. Doing well in exams
u
3. An adventure c. A musical concert
4. An experience
St d. Your brother’s wedding
5. An event e. Getting lost

an
b. For each noun in the list, think of at least one personal experience
For example:
ic
An achievement: I won a school sports prize…

er
4.5
Am
54
Look at the pictures and answer the questions which follow
a. What do you think each item reminds the speaker of?
b. Does the train ticket trigger happy or sad memories? How do you know?
c. Is there anything which triggers happy memories for you? If so, what?
4.6
Fill in the table about your own challenges when it comes to the following experiences, events or
occasions. Work in pairs and explain your keywords to your partner. Remember to use the useful
expression for talking about challenges
dy
Situation/Time Challenges How you deal with it
u
A time you saw two of your
friends argued
St
an
A time when someone ask you
for your opinion

ic
A time when you used your

er
cellphone to do something
important
Am
A situation when something in
your house was broken or
stopped working
55
UNIT 5
IELTS Task: Reading - Multiple Choices and Diagram Labeling
5.1
Attribution Theory
There is a universal need to seek justifications and explanations for people’s actions, both our own and
those of the people we encounter, and therefore to determine who or what is responsible for those
actions. Psychologists note that such an inherent need for explanation will often manifest itself as a
dy
tendency to attribute behavior to either internal or external causes, depending on the circumstances.
This tendency is known as attribution theory.
u
First proposed in 1958 by Austrian psychologist Fritz Heider, attribution theory presumes that all human
St
behavior is motivated by internal or external factors. In the latter case, situations are sometimes
an
perceived as being beyond a person’s control, meaning that individuals experience a diminished sense
of responsibility. For instance, if an employee arrives to work late due to heavy traffic, the tendency is to
ic
project accountability outward. On the other hand, people tend to feel responsible when they can
impact outcomes. Studying hard, training diligently, and doing one’s best to be a good parent, for
er
example, are viewed as stemming from personal motivations. In such cases, people describe their own
Am
efforts as the cause of their behaviors.
While it is easy to attribute unexpected events to external forces, the line between an internal and an
external cause is often unclear. In a situation where a person is engaged in a heated argument and is
behaving aggressively, an observer will likely think that person is prone to anger or mean-spiritedness.
Such an attribution often happens without knowing how the argument arose in the first place, with the
observer assuming the behavior is due to the person’s personality. This tendency for observers to focus
on the internal reasons for behavior, rather than the external, is known as ‘correspondence bias’. In the
same scenario, however, the person behaving aggressively may feel as if he or she has been the victim
of some injustice and that such a reaction is therefore justified.
A similar tendency can be seen in the reactions people have to their own experiences. When individuals
have positive experiences, like getting a promotion or achieving a goal, they are inclined to associate
56
their own efforts with their success. In contrast, when people undergo negative experiences, the bias is
inverted, and they are likely to ascribe disappointment to external factors. Rather than assigning failure
to their faults or lack of ability, people magnify the factors outside their control. By casting responsibility
outward, they are able to blame these external factors for their misfortunes and maintain the
perception of themselves as victims.
Ultimately, it seems that offering internal and external reasons for our behaviors allows us to
emphasize our positive aspects and boosts our self-esteem, while providing justification for our
negative actions, which prevents us from feeling guilty. Only by understanding the role that ego and
self-perception unconsciously play in attributing our successes and failures can we make changes to the
way we act in any number of situations.
dy
Questions 16-19
u
Choose A, B, C or D
St
16. The writer suggests that people are driven to explain why things happen because
A. They feel as though it is possible to learn from past mistakes

an
B. They possess an innate urge to assign responsibility to someone or something
C. They are accountable to others for explaining why circumstances change

ic
D. They have a natural fear of things that are beyond their control
er
17. According to the writer, individuals who feel they have no control of a situation
Am
A. Have a tendency to blame themselves for perceived failures
B. Believe they are less responsible for the outcome of an event
C. Are more likely to draw negative conclusions about people
D. Consider behaving poorly toward others to be justifiable
18. The writer says that ‘correspondence bias’ occurs when people
A. Fail to understand an individual’s true personality
B. Interpret a person as a victim without justification
C. Attempt to change circumstances after reaching an outcome
D. Conclude that behavior is determined by a person’s personality
57
19. The writer mentions that when people succeed, they tend to
A. Magnify the extent their accomplishments
B. Overlook the contribution of natural talent
C. Attribute their results to internal factors
D. Become less able to handle future disappointments
New words:
- Attribution n. Sự quy kết, thẩm quyền
- Universal adj. Phổ quát
- Inherent adj. Vốn có, cố hữu
- Manifest v. biểu lộ
dy
- Tendency n. Xu hướng
- Diligently adv. Siêng năng, cần cù, sốt sắng
u
- Accountability n. Trách nhiệm giải trình (về
những gì mình đã làm)
St
- Stem from: xuất phát từ
an
- Correspondence n. Sự tương ứng, sự phù hợp

- Incline to v. nghiêng về
ic
- Ascribe v. đổ cho, gán cho, quy cho

er
- Magnify v. làm to ra, phóng to, mở rộng,

khuếch đại
Am
- Self-esteem n. Lòng tự trọng

- Guilty n. Thấy tội lỗi
- Ego n. Cái tôi
58
5.2
NATURAL GAS: FROM THE GROUND TO YOUR HOME
Given the recent decline in the demand for oil and the move away from coal toward cleaner-burning
energy sources, natural gas is expected to dominate fossil fuel production in the coming years. With
global energy demands at an all-time high, natural gas may be the solution as it is highly efficient and
abundantly available in certain areas of the world. But delivering this versatile energy source to
consumers is a complex and multifaceted process.
First, gas must be brought to Earth’s surface and extracted by drilling into gas deposits, which can be
found both on land and beneath the ocean floor. While extracting gas onshore involves drilling
dy
downward into gas deposits, accessing an offshore reserve necessitates first constructing floating
u
platforms for the engineers to work from. Then, depending on how deep beneath the ocean’s surface
St
the gas deposit is located, the appropriate extraction technique is employed. If the natural gas supply is
in shallow water, a technique called cable drilling, or percussion drilling, is used. This entails repeatedly
an
dropping a cable with a heavy metal bit attached to it against the ocean floor until the reservoir located
at a greater depth, however, is to use a large rotary drill capable of spinning a metal drill bit thousands
ic
of feet into the soil if necessary. Once the reservoir has been breached, powerful pumps draw the gas
er
toward the surface.

Am
The next stage is to pump the raw gas from the extraction site to a nearby processing plant, where
operators reduce it to its principal component - methane. Natural gas is not a single gas but made up of
various hydrocarbons, including crude oil, methane, propane, ethane, and butane. Water vapor, helium,
nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are also sometimes present. The process of isolating methane and
disposing of the other parts involves multiple steps, which can make the overall cost of natural gas
production quite high. However, some byproducts, like propane, crude oil, and butane, all have value of
their own and can be sold to offset the expenses of those various steps.
After processing, the gas must be transported to its intended customer market through a vast
underground pipeline system that can pump the resource from one place to another. In most cases, the
59
gas is moved great distances, crossing state, provincial, and even international borders, to its eventual
point of use. Metering stations are built along the length of the pipeline to allow the gas to be
measured and monitored, while valves can be found every ten kilometers or so. These valves can be
opened or closed to control the flow of gas through the pipeline so that, in the event that maintenance
needs arise, the gas can be stopped to provide safe access to crews entering the interior of the pipe.
The final step of the procedure is to deflect the gas into distribution lines, which convey it to local
sources where it is used for, among other things, heating and electricity and as a power source for
automobiles.
u dy
St
an
ic
er
Am
60
Questions 19-23
Complete the flow-chart below
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer
The Process of Extracting and Refining Natural Gas
u dy
St
an
ic
er
New words:
- Demand n. Nhu cầu - Convey v. chuyển, truyền đạt, chuyên chở
Am
- Versatile adj. Linh hoạt, nhiều thay đổi - Dominate v. thống trị
- Multifaceted adj. Có nhiều mặt - Extract v. rút ra, trích suất
- Abundantly adv. Nhiều, dư dả - Deposit n. Tiền cọc, chất lắng, vật lắng
- Beneath adv ở dưới - Shallow adj. Nông cạn, hời hợt
- Reservoir n. Hồ chứa - Entail v. Bắt phải, đòi hỏi, gây ra
- Drill v. khoan - Breach n/v. Lỗ thủng/chọc thủng
- Isolate v. cô lập
61
IELTS Task: Speaking - Part 2: A Situation/ Time
➢ How to give your answer
● What is it?
● How do we do it? Equipment?
● Challenges? What is difficult or easy about it? How did you overcome the obstacles?
➢ Model answer:
Topic: Describe your experience of learning a new language
Answer:
After leaving university, I went on holiday to Spain and fell in love with the language. I decided there and then,
dy
I was going to learn it. It was quite a trendy language in England then, because more and more people were
going on holiday there and wanted to speak the lingo.
u
Now, it’s not the easiest language in the world, especially when it comes to the grammar, and I know learning
St
a language is not for everyone, but I wanted to give it a go.
an
So, I bought some books and audio recordings and set to it. On top of that, I actually also signed up for some
face to face classes. Everyday, I would read, listen and write a lot. It took a while but eventually I started to pick
ic
it up. The big thing I discovered was that you need patience and persistence to learn a language. It seems to
er
take ages.
Am
For me one of the trickiest things, without a doubt, was the grammar. It’s so complex. That said, the biggest
hurdle was actually not giving up. Several times I wanted to pack it in, because I felt I wasn’t progressing. But I
stuck at it, and eventually felt I had reached a good level.
So, for me it has been a great experience, and it has turned out to be really useful. I always use it when on
holiday in Spain. Learning a language is challenging, but really worth it!
62
➢ Prepare notes/ideas:
● Remember you only have 1 minute to prepare your note.
● Use diagrams or linear notes. Use the kind you prefer and that does not take a lot of time in the exam
● Write keywords not full sentences
5.3 Using the template above for the following topics. You have 1 minute for this part.
1. Describe a time you had to change your plan
What? _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
How? _______________________________________________________________________
dy
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
u
Challenges?
St
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
an
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Describe a time you helped someone

ic
er
What? ___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Am
How? ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Challenges? ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
63
3. Describe a time when you were excited
What? __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
How? __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Challenges? __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
dy
Now work in pairs and take turns talking about the topics above
u
5.4 Task card #1: Describe a time that you worked with other people in a group
You should say:

St
● What the activity was
an
● Who you worked with
How easy or difficult it was

ic
And explain how you felt about being part of this team
er
Vocabulary:
Am
- pop up v. xuất hiện - quantitative method n. phương pháp định

- well-organized adj. Được sắp xếp tốt lượng
- accomplishment n. Thành quả - feel like living in a safe haven: cảm thấy
- tiffs n. Những cuộc tranh cãi nhỏ sống trong chốn bình yên
- tension n. sự căng thẳng - sef one’s heart on: quyết tâm cho việc gì
- go to the dogs: đi vào bế tắc - make it through v. vượt qua chuyện
- euphemism n. sự nói giảm, nói tránh - do one’s utmost v. cố gắng hết mình
to have very different personalities: có những tính - with flying colors: với kết quả tốt
cách khác nhau - a sense of accomplishment n. cảm giác
- to hold very different opinions: có những ý kiến mãn nguyện, chinh phục
khác nhau - deeply ingrained in one’s mind: cảm nhận
- cooperate v. cộng tác được sâu sắc
- qualitative method n. phương pháp định - reach a consensus: đạt được sự đồng lòng,
tính nhất trí
64
Brainstorm your ideas and make your own note
a time that you worked with
other people in a group
Part 3 questions
1. What are the main qualities of being a good leader?
dy
=> suggested answer: well, there are a number of traits that are expected of a leader, including integrity and
u
good communication. The former is …. The latter is … . These two personalities contribute significantly to make
a great leader.
St
2. Do you think people enjoy doing things in groups?
an
=> suggested answer: I think it depends. Some people prefer solitary tasks because of their characteristics and
working style. They may find it difficult to …, compared to working alone, in which these people can… . However,
ic
there are those who are strongly in favor of group work. These are what I’d like to call “extraverted” people,
er
who are interested in… . This type of person often opts for …
Am
3. Can you tell me about different jobs that people do either themselves or do in groups?
=> suggested answer: As I see it, certain occupations are better done alone than in a team such as … . Some …
find difficulties in … . I suppose it’s also because they are difficult to work with due to their … . On the other hand,
many jobs require group work. For example, …
65
Task card #2: Describe a time when you had to learn the words of something and then say or sing it from
memory
You should say:
● Where you were
● Who you were with
● What you did
And explain how you felt
Vocabulary
● Mind go blank: tâm trí trở nên trống rỗng ● Concentrate v. tập trung
dy
● Ring a bell (idiom): nghe quen quen ● Get it down pat: điều khiển, thông thảo, làm
● Pressure n. Áp lực chủ cái gì đó hoàn toàn
u
● Slip my mind (idiom): quên, không nhớ gì về ● Learn by heart: học thuộc lòng
●
một sự việc trước đó
Completely adv. Hoàn toàn
St ●
●
Memories v. ghi nhớ
Recite v. đọc thuộc lòng
an
● Go one ear and out the other (idiom): nghe ● Recollect v. hồi tưởng
xong quên liền/bỏ ngoài tai ● Jot it down: viết xuống
ic
● Escape v. thoát khỏi ● Talk aloud: nói lớn

● On the tip of my tongue: mô tả tình huống ai ● Retention n. Giữ lại, duy trì
er
đó đang cố gắng nhớ ra điều gì đó, thường là 1 ● Add more salt to my sore: sát muối vào vết
cái tên, một mốc thời gian,.. Và cảm thấy rằng thương
Am
mình sắp nói/nhớ ra được ● Ovation n. Tràng pháo tay

Suggested idea: think about when your teachers asked you to learn a poem and reviewed it the next day
a time when you had to learn the
words of something and then say
or sing it from memory
66
Part 3 questions
1. Why do some people have better memory?
=> suggested answer: I believe that some are born with an excellent memory. They must inherit it from …
or … It is a blessing as they’re gonna have an advantage over… at … or … Besides, a good memory can be
obtained through practice, I mean a lot of it. As far as I know, there are … or … to strengthen memory. …
2. Can technology help people remember things better? How?
=> suggested answer: It is a big help, indeed. … is a common way for people to keep a memory. They can
be done easily with the built-in camera in any smartphone people have nowadays. After that…
3. Do you think having a good memory is important?
dy
=> suggested answer: Sure. Having a good memory can certainly help make things easier. Better grades in tests
and examinations is ensured, as you can… . Social interaction is improved thanks to … For example, …
u
Task card #3: Describe a time when you changed your opinion about something important
St
You should say:
an
● When was it?
● What was the original opinion?

ic
● Why did you change it?
And explain how you felt about it

er
Vocabulary
Am
● Trustworthy adj. Đáng tin ● To put someone off: làm mất hứng thú
● Accept v. thừa nhận ● Essentially adv. có bản chất là, ý nói thành
● Figure out v. nhận ra phần chính
● Maturity n. Sự trưởng thành ● Reluctantly adv. một cách do dự.
● Priority n. Sự ưu tiên ● Phenomenal adj. ngoạn mục, ý nói rất cao
● Responsibility n. Trách nhiệm tay.
● Shift v. thay đổi, chuyển đổi ● Texture n. cấu tạo, ý nói cảm giác của
● Evolve v. phát triển miệng khi ăn một món
● Political belief n. Niềm tin chính trị ● A nice touch: điểm nhấn (làm một cái gì đó
● Receptive adj. Dễ tiếp thu tốt hơn, đặc biệt hơn)
● Self-reflection n. Tự nhìn lại mình, tự phản ● To season to one’s taste: nếm cho vừa
chiếu miệng ai đó.
● Active adj. Chủ động ● To think twice: suy nghĩ đắn đo
● To have a change of heart: thay đổi ý kiến, cảm ● Manner n. cách
nhận
67
a time when you changed your opinion
about something important
Part 3 questions
1. Why do people change their opinion?
dy
=> suggested answer: some people show their willingness to change their opinion based on new facts and
u
information as a sign of maturity/ People have the tendency to change their opinion when they find some
St
contradicting evidence or facts against their previous opinion. For example,... If they don’t change, they are
more likely to…

an
2. Do children like to change opinions?

ic
=> suggested answer: Absolutely not, I think children are … individuals, which makes it hard for them to …
er
Depending on the situation, this could be considered… On the one hand, it is extremely difficult to … On the
Am
other hand, sometimes they can be …
3. Who do young people turn to for advice?
=> suggested answer: it depends on the issues they want to be advised about. In cases of …, they normally
consult their … . If they want to know about which career to pursue, it is better to ask their … And for romance,
their … are always there for them…
68
UNIT 6
Vocabulary Discovery: Global Problem
➢ New words
● Irreversible adj. Không thể đảo ngược
● Embrace v. nắm lấy, bao quát, vây quanh
● Long-term adj. Dài hạn
● Short-term adj. Ngắn hạn
● Environmentalist n. Nhà môi trường
● Disastrous adj. Tai hại
dy
● Catastrophe n. Thảm họa, tai họa
● Asylum n. Trại tị nạn
u
● Asylum seeker n. Người tìm kiếm trại tị nạn
● Economic downturn = recession: suy thoái kinh tế
St
● Migrant n. Người di cư
an
● Migrate v. Di cư
● Immigrant n. Người nhập cư
ic
● Exploitation n. Sự khai thác, bóc lột

er
● Child labor: lao động là trẻ em

● Universal adj. Phổ cập, phổ quát, phổ biến
Am
● Standard n. Tiêu chuẩn

● Employment n. Việc làm
● Policy n. Chính sách
● Policymaker n. Nhà hoạch định chính sách
● Infrastructure n. Cơ sở hạ tầng
● Wealthy adj. Giàu có
● Cultural diversity n. Sự đa dạng văn hóa
● Healthcare system: hệ thống y tế
69
➢ Collocation
● Climate change: biến đổi khí hậu
● Rising sea levels: nước biển dâng
● Greenhouse gases: khí nhà kính
● Disturb the ecological balance
● Fish stock: lượng cá
● Tackle pollution: chống ô nhiễm
● Exhaust fumes: khí thải
● Fossil fuels: nhiên liệu hóa thạch
● Irreparable damage: thiệt hại không thể khắc phục
● Depleted the ozone layer: thủng tầng ozone
dy
● Green politics: chính trị xanh
● Crops fail: mất mùa
u
● Devastating famines: nạn đói khủng khiếp
● Devastating floods: lũ lụt nghiêm trọng
St
● Natural disaster: thiên tai
an
● Escape poverty: thoát nghèo
● Below the poverty line: dưới mức nghèo khó
ic
● Lift (them) out of poverty: đưa (họ) ra khỏi cảnh đói nghèo
● Margin of society: rìa xã hội (kém quan trọng)
er
● Deprived region: vùng thiếu thốn

Am
● Developing country: các quốc gia đang phát triển

● Developed country: các quốc gia phát triển
● Live on the street: sống lang thang trên đường phố, người vô gia cư
● Desperate need: nhu cầu bức thiết
● Breed (v) crime: mầm mống tội phạm
● Alleviate poverty: giảm nghèo
● Combat poverty: chống lại nạn nghèo đói
70
➢ Practice
6.1 Complete sentences 1-15 with the correct word or phrase from A, B or C. In each case two of the options are
incorrectly spelt.
1. Thousands of buildings were flattened in the San Francisco _______________ of 1906
a. earthquack b. earthquake c. earthquaik
2. The _______________ damaged properties all along the coast
a. hurricane b. hurriccane c. huriccane
dy
3. A _______________ struck the southern coast with tremendous force
a. tornadoe b. tornado c. tornaddo
u
4.
St
The _______________ caused immense damage in the regions along the coast
a. taifun b. typhone c. typhoon

an
5. The _______________ has been dormant for years, but last month it showed signs of new life
ic
a. volcano b. vulcano c. volcanoe

er
6. Several _______________ were heard during the night as the army occupied the city
Am
a. explossions b. explosiones c. explosions
7. The American _______________ of 1861-1865 was fought between the south and the north
a. civil war b. sivil war c. civvil war
8. There has been a major _______________ on the motorway
a. acident b. accident c. Acciddent
71
9. _______________ rain has brought serious problems
a. torrential b. torential c. torrantial
10. The storm caused widespread _______________ along the coast
a. devvastation b. devustation c. devastation
11. The _______________ were caused by heavy rain
a. floodes b. floods c. flouds
12. Relief workers are bringing food to _______________ - stricken areas
dy
a. draught b. drought c. drouhgt
u
13. _______________ is widespread in parts of Africa, with millions suffering from malnutrition
St
a. Famine b. Fammine c. Faminne
an
14. The authorities are taking steps to prevent an _______________ of cholera

ic
a. epidemic b. epidemic c. eppidemic

er
15. The _______________ was spread from rats to fleas and then on to humans
Am
a. plague b. plaque c. plaigue
6.2 Work in pairs and preparing notes for the following topics
Topic 1: Challenges faced by developing countries:
List out challenges that developing countries are facing and suggest your solutions
Problem Solution
Example: standards of healthcare and education are Example: wealthy countries can help by investing
low and creating jobs in developing countries
- ______________ - ______________
- ______________ - ______________
72
Topic 2: Migration
Make notes on what are the advantages and disadvantages of migration
Advantages Disadvantages
Example: A richer and more diverse culture Example: Overcrowding

- ______________ - ______________
- ______________ - ______________
- ______________ - ______________
Topic 3: Globalization
dy
Make notes on what are the advantages and disadvantages of globalization
u
Example: broaden access to goods and services
St Example: lead to cultural homogeneity
- ______________ - ______________
an
- ______________ - ______________
- ______________ - ______________
ic
er
Topic 4: Cultural diversity

Am
Example: encourage tolerance and Example: risk of social conflict

open-mindedness
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
73
6.3 Make notes on main ideas and supporting ideas. Then, write your essay about the following topic
Globalization is positive for economies but its negative sides should not be ignored. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
dy
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
u
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
St
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
an
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ic
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
er
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Am
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
74
IELTS Task: Speaking - Part 2: An Object/Favorite Monologue
Sample question
● Describe something you borrowed which was useful
● Describe a toy you had as a child
● Describe your favorite item of clothing
➢ Grammar point
● Use adjectives of appearance correctly
● Use indirect object to explain possession accurately
● Use the past simple and past continuous to say how you know about the object correctly
dy
➢ Vocabulary to describe an object/your favorite
u
How you got it
● I came across it (found it)...

St
● I picked it up (bought it)...
an
● I got my hands on it (got it)
● … when I was …
ic
● It was a gift/present from someone

er
● I got it as a gift off someone

Am
Description
● Color: It’s reddish, blueish, greenish
● Shape: It’s square-shaped, round-shaped, pear-shaped
● It’s state of the art, high-tech, cutting-edge
● It’s unique, one of a kind
● It’s made of (material/nouns)
● It’s composed of nouns
● Last year, I got it as a(n) (noun/noun phrase)
● The best way to play with it is (to infinitive phrase)
● It looks (adjective) in my eyes
75
Describe purposes
● X + lets + object (people) + V-inf
● X + gives + object (people) + V-inf
● X + gives + object (people) + opportunities/chances + to Verb
● X + is/are used + to Verb/for V-ing
● X + is/are useful + for V-ing
● X + is/are great + for V-ing
● X + provide(s) + object (people) with + something
● X + provide + something + for + S.O + to Verb
Why important
dy
● It means a lot to me because
u
● It has a lot of emotional/sentimental value
●
St
It’s unique, one of a kind, like no other
● I couldn’t live/do without it

an
ic
Age Appearance Value Quality

er
State-of-the-art Vivid Overpriced High-quality
Innovative Striking Expensive Reliable

Am
Fashionable Colorful Costly Well-made
Advanced Eye-catching Dear Dependable
Brand-new Attractive Reasonable Poorly made
Cutting-edge Lifelike Good value (for money) Unreliable
Modern Realistic Economical Low-quality
Old-fashioned Ugly
Dated Unappealing
Antique Unrealistic
76
➢ Notice: Adjective order!
opinion ➡ size ➡ age ➡ shape ➡ color ➡ origin ➡ material
Opinion Size Age Shape
Beautiful Life-size Old Diamond-shaped
Lovely A meter long Ancient Round
Handy Miniature Old-fashioned Square
Ugly Enormous Antique Oval
Attractive Gigantic State-of-art Curved
dy
Terrible Average-sized Cylindrical
Elegant Rectangular
u
Color Origin
St Material
an
Green Chinese Marble
Red American Cotton

ic
Multi-coloured Western Golden
Rainbow-coloured European Leather

er
White with blue African Plastic

Am
stripes Mass-produced Stone
Black with gray dots Factory-produced Wooden
Home-made Woolen
Hand-made Silk
Cardboard
77
➢ Indirect Object
The indirect object is the recipient of the direct object
There are two indirect object sentence structures:
S + V + Indirect object + direct object
Example: She gave me a letter
S + V + direct object + to/for + indirect object
Example: She gave a letter to me
➢ Practice
6.4 Match the sentence beginnings 1-6 with the groups of endings a-f
dy
1. I wear it A. cotton/glass/metal
u
2. I got it for B. carrying all my things/downloading music/studying
St
and reading
an
3. It’s made of C. my birthday/my graduation/my wedding
4. It’s important to me because D. a brilliant holiday/a special day/my country

ic
5. I use it for E. Every day/for special occasions/when I go on long trips

er
6. It reminds me of F. I bought it on my first trip overseas/I saved up to buy

Am
it/my best friend gave it to me
6.5 Complete the descriptions below with the beginning of a sentence (1-6) in Exercise 6.4
1. One of my favorite possessions is my laptop ____________ chatting online or watching films with my friends
2. I wear this necklace every day. ____________ my wedding day, because my husband bought it for me. It’s very
special.
3. I have a very large suitcase. I’ve had it since I was eighteen ____________ . I bought it for my first trip to America.
4. My mobile is important to me, it’s small and ____________ metal and plastic. It’s got lots of things on it - music,
apps, photos and internet.
78
6.6 Complete the text with the words below. There are two extra words
Bought Carry Favorite Had Important
Green Modern Possessions Reminds Wear
It
I’ve got lots of really great (1) _____________ . But I think my (2) _____________ possession is my coat. I got (3)
_____________ for my graduation and celebrate getting my degree. I’ve (4) _____________ it for two years. My parents
(5) _____________ it for me and I was really surprised. It’s a (6) _____________, black, leather coat. It’s (7) _____________
to me because I know my parents were very proud. It (8) _____________ me of studying for my degree and my time
at university. It only (9) _____________ it for special occasions because it’s really expensive.
dy
6.7 Rewrite the sentences below in the correct order
1. statue/golden/life-size/a
u
2. lighter/a/silver/antique/handy St
3. dress/silk/black/an/elegant
an
4. a/dictionary/mass-produced/boring/gray
5. sculpture/spherical/modern/a/glass
ic
er
Am
79
6.8 Practice speaking
Choose one thing that you used last weekend and answer yes/no questions about it until your partner
guesses what it is:
● Is it made from paper/ cardboard/ plastic/ metal/ fabric/ wood/ glass/ leather/…?
● Is it square/ rectangular/ round (= circular)/ triangular/ oblong (= oval = egg-shaped)/ sharp/ fragile (= easy to break)/
…?
● Is it big/ small/ heavy/ light/ dangerous/ expensive/ cheap/ noisy/ smelly/ long/ portable/ shiny?
● Does it use petrol/ electricity/ gas/ water/ …?
● Does it give off (= produce) heat/ light/ colors/ noise/ fumes?
dy
● Are there some/ many in your house/ this room/ this building?
Has it got a handle/ a lid/ buttons/ a screen/ batteries/ a motor/ cables/ pipes?
u
●
● Is it used for…? St
● Do you use it to…?
an
● Do you use it often/ very often/ every day/ several times a day/ in the morning?
● Do you use it in the bath/ the kitchen/ your workplace?

ic
● Can you buy it in a department store/ convenience store/ stationery shop/ electronics shop/ street market…?
er
● Is it a kind of furniture/ white goods/ consumer electronics/ cutlery/ crockery/ machine/ gadget?
Am
● Do you need to recharge/ shake/ wash/ polish/ refill it?
● Is it dark brown/ navy blue/ pastel yellow/ bright orange?
6.9
a. Together, try to decide on the greatest invention of the last 100 years. Present your ideas to the class. Defend your
invention against the negative things the other groups say and then vote at the end on which is the greatest (you
can’t vote for your own idea).
b. Work in pairs. Discuss the following question: What are the negative points of modern technology?
80
UNIT 7
IELTS Task: Writing Task 2 - Two-part Questions Essays
➢ Sample question
● In education and employment, some people work harder than others. Why do some people work harder? Is it
always a good thing to work hard?
● Happiness is often considered difficult to define. Why is this? What factors determine happiness?
➢ Essay structure
Introduction Paraphrase the rubric
dy
●
● Thesis statement: clearly and briefly answer the two questions
u
Body Body 1 ● Topic sentence: Answer 1st question
●
St
Supporting sentences: reasons, example, explanation, etc.
an
Body 2 ● Topic sentence: Answer 2nd question
● Supporting sentences: reasons, example, explanation, etc.

ic
Conclusion ● Summarize opinion and key reasons

er
Am
81
➢ Practice:
7.1 Look at the task below. Then look at three introductions for the essay. Which one is the best? Why?
What problems do you see in the other two introductions
Topic: In many parts of the world, literacy rates are still high. What do you think are the causes of this? What
solutions can you suggest?
A. It is true that in many parts of the world, illiteracy rates are still high. There are a number of causes for
this. There are also some solutions I will suggest.
B. Illiteracy is a global problem. The main cause of this problem is poverty. When poverty decreases, so does
illiteracy. However, there are also some ways to improve this situation. Providing more educational television
dy
programs might be one solution.
C. Illiteracy is a problem in almost every country and every community. It affects the economy of a nation and
u
causes difficulties for businesses. Most of all, the inability to read and write lowers people’s quality of life.
St
7.2
an
Look at the task below. You are going to write a paragraph discussing the causes of stress-related illnesses
in the modern world

ic
1. Read the task and underline the key words

er
2. Brainstorm a number of causes for this problem and then choose two or three to discuss in your essay
Am
3. Make an outline
4. Write a topic sentence for your paragraph
5. Write the main paragraph, using linking words
Nowadays, stress-related illnesses are becoming increasingly common.

What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?
82
Language Study: Past Perfect Tense
❖ Past Perfect Simple
➢ Formula
Affirmative Subject + had + past participle
Negative Subject + had not + past participle
Interrogative Had + subject + past participle?
➢ Usage and example
● When we are talking about the past and want to mention something that happened earlier
dy
● Example: his father was a composer and his grandfather had also been a musician (Mozart’s grandfather was a
musician and then later his father became a composer)
u
● With words like when, as soon as, by the time, after to show the order of events:
St
● Example: when Mozart was born, five of his siblings had already died.
an
❖ Past Perfect Continuous
➢ Formula
ic
Affirmative Subject + had been + V-ing

er
Negative Subject + had not been + V-ing

Am
Interrogative Had + subject + not been + V-ing?
➢ Usage and example
● We use the past perfect continuous to focus on how long an activity continued or to focus on the activity itself
Example: Times were hard and the family had been struggling for some time (to show how long)
Unfulfilled hopes:
We use the past perfect to talk about past disappointments or things that did not happen as expected:
The politician had expected to be re-elected, but in the end she only got 10% of the vote
83
➢ Practice
7.3 Fill in the gaps with the past simple, past perfect simple or past perfect continuous of the verbs in
brackets
Last year, my friends arranged (1. arrange) for us to try fire-walking, which is when you walk on hot coals. I
__________ (2. always/be) fascinated by it and I __________ (3. hear) people say it was an unforgettable
experience. I was very excited when I __________ (4. arrive) on the day, although beforehand I __________ (5.
feel) a little frightened! My friends and I __________ (6. come) in the hope that by the end of the day we
would be able to say we __________ (7. walk) across hot, burning coals.
Our teacher was very good, and by the teatime we __________ (8. learnt) a great deal and __________ (9.
prepare) the fires. I __________ (10. expect) to be terrified when the time came to walk, but as I __________
dy
(11. take off) my shoes and socks I __________ (12. not/feel) afraid. I __________ (13. approach) the coals as all
my friends before me __________ (14. do), and started walking! I could feel the heat, but as I __________ (15.
u
step) back onto the grass at the other end I knew the coals __________ (16. not/burn) my feet at all. As I
St
__________ (17. hope), all my friends __________ (18. manage) the walk and none of use were burnt. The
an
whole experience was amazing, and I just wished I __________ (19. do) it sooner.
ic
7.4 Put the verbs in the Present Perfect or Past perfect

er
1. The park looked awful. People _______________ (leave) litter everywhere.
2. You can have that newspaper. I _______________ (finish) with it.

Am
3. There’s no more cheese. We _______________ (eat) it all, I’m afraid.
4. There was no sign of a taxi, although I _______________ (order) one half an hour before.
5. This bill isn’t right. They _______________ (make) a mistake.
6. I spoke to Melanie at lunch-time. Someone _______________ (tell) her the news earlier.
7. I was really tired last night. I _______________ (have) a hard day.
8. Don’t you want to see this programme? It _______________ (start)
9. It’ll soon get warm here. I _______________ (turn) the heating on.
10. At last the committee was ready to announce their decision. They _______________ (make) up their minds.
84
IELTS Task: Speaking - Part 2: An Object/ Your favorite
Sample question
● Describe something you borrowed which was useful
● Describe a toy you had as a child
● Describe your favorite item of clothing
How to answer
● How you got it
● Description: how it looks like (using adjective)
● Why important: how you feel about it, emotive language
dy
Sample answer
Topic: Describe a toy you had as a child
u
Answer St
When I was a kid growing up, I didn’t really have a lot of toys, but I do remember one that I was particularly
an
fond of. It was an action figure, a soldier.
I recall that I got it as a gift from one of my school mates. My parents had organized a birthday party at home
ic
for me, and everyone had come round to the house and in the middle we had the present. I was so pleased to
er
get my hands on it, because I had always wanted one of these action figures.
Am
So as I said, this toy was a toy soldier, it was an ‘action man’. It wasn’t state of the art at all, just a very simple,
plastic figure. He had two different outfits so you could dress him to fight in the jungle or in the snow. The
jungle outfit was basically a greenish top, with black trousers and a camouflage jacket. Oh yes, and he had a
little, round-shaped back-pack, and a rifle.
Some ideas
● Describe something you borrowed which was useful: money, books, tools, bicycle, clothes, phone
● Describe your favorite item of clothing: wedding dress/suit, jeans, sweatshirt/hoodie, shoes, leather jacket, hat
● Describe a toy you had as a child: cuddly toy, lego, board game, doll, action figure, toy cars, puzzles/jigsaws
➢ Practice
85
7.5 Discuss with your friends. Make notes your ideas
Object What? How you got it What it look like Your feelings
A gift
A piece of
clothing
u dy
A toy
St
an
A vehicle
ic
er
Am
86
7.6
Task card #1: Describe a traditional food in your country
You should say:
● What the food is
● What it tastes like
● How it is prepared
And explain why it is famous
Vocabulary:
- cuisine n. Ẩm thực - meticulous adj. tỉ mỉ
dy
- divine adj. Tuyệt diệu, thần thánh, thiêng liêng - to savor: thưởng thức, nhấm nháp
- Must-try adj. Nên thử - to gain sb’s recognition: được ai biết tới
u
- quintessential adj. tinh túy, tinh hoa - broth n. Nước lèo, nước súp
-
-
comfort food n. món ăn thân thuộc
staple adj. không thể thiếu
St -
-
herb n. Thảo dược
roast v. Nướng
an
- to crave v. thèm thuồng - spices n. Gia vị
- component n. thành phần - subtle adj. Phảng phất, tinh tế, không dễ mô tả
ic
- flavor profile n. hương vị tổng thể - charming adj. Làm mê mẩn, làm say mê
- smokiness n. Ám khói, đầy khói
er
Am
a traditional food in
your country
87
Task card #2: Describe something expensive you want to buy if you have money
You should say:
● Where can you get it?
● How much it costs
● What you can use it for
And explain why you want to buy it
Vocabulary
- Purchase v. Mua - Rip-off n. Không đáng với giá tiền
- Investment n. Sự đầu tư - Instantly adv. Ngay lập tức
dy
- Save for a rainy day (idiom) để dành phòng khi - Be on cloud nine: cực kì vui sướng
gặp khó khăn - Resolute v. cương quyết, kiên quyết
u
- Impulsive adj. Bốc đồng, thiếu suy nghĩ - Frivolous adj. Phù phiếm, vô tích sự
- Break the bank (idiom): quá đắt đỏ, tốn tiền St - Social status n. Địa vị xã hội
- Cost an arm and a leg (idiom): đắt đỏ - All-in-one adj. Tất cả trong một
- Afford v. Đủ khả năng chi trả - Serve v. phục vụ
an
- Overpriced adj. Đắt hơn so với giá trị - Durability n. Tính bền
ic

er
something expensive you want to

Am
buy if you have money
88
Task card #3: Describe a vehicle you want to buy
You should say:
● What kind of vehicle it is
● How much it will cost
● What you will mainly use it for
And explain why you want to buy this vehicle
Vocabulary
- Car accessories n. Phụ kiện xe hơi - Leg room n. Chỗ để chân
- Range from… to … v. dao động từ khoảng - Passenger n. Hành khách
dy
- Cordless vacuum n. Máy hút bụi không dây - Self-drive adj. Tự lái
- Portable adj. Cầm tay, di động - Trustworthy adj. Đáng tin
u
- Seat cover n. Vỏ bọc ghế - A streamlined design n. Thiết kế thịnh hành
- Tire traction tool n. Công cụ kéo lốp xe St - Luxurious look n. Vẻ ngoài xa xỉ
- Digital tire gauge n. Dụng cụ đo áp suất lốp - Convertible adj. Có thể bỏ mui (xe hơi)
- Air compressor n. Máy nén khí - With my head held high: ngẩng cao đầu
an
- High-quality adj. Chất lượng cao - Cool vibe: phong thái lạnh lùn
ic

er
vehicle you want to buy

Am
89
Task card #4: Describe something that was broken in your home and then repaired
You should say:
● What it is
● How it was broken
● How you got it repaired
Vocabulary
- If I recall correctly (phrase): nếu tôi nhớ đúng - Out of a sudden: bất ngờ, tự nhiên xảy đến
- Relish n/v. thích thú, ưa thích không có lý do
- Malfunctioned adj. Bị hư, không hoạt động - Pin-point v. chỉ ra chính xác
dy
được - Item n. Món đồ
- Break down (phrasal verb) - Running low on cash: đang thiếu tiền
- Accidentally adv. Một cách bất ngờ, ngẫu nhiên - Lifespan n. Tuổi thọ
u
- Function v. vận hành - Newly-bought adj. Mới mua
-
-
Handyman n. Người tháo vát, biết sửa chữa
It is a gamble really: ám chỉ sự may rủi trong
St - Warranty n. Giấy bảo hành
việc mua đồ
an

ic
something that was

er
broken in your home and

Am
then repaired
90
UNIT 8
IELTS Task: Writing Task 2 - Two questions Essays
➢ Practice
8.1 Analyze the topic below. Make notes about main ideas and supporting details
In some countries, only few young people go to classical music concerts or play classical music. Why?
Should young people be encouraged to attend and learn more?
Thesis _______________________________________________________________________________
dy
_______________________________________________________________________________
u
Paragraph 1 Main idea ___________________________________________________
(to answer question 1) St ___________________________________________________
Supporting ___________________________________________________
an
details ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
ic
___________________________________________________
er

Am
(to answer question 2) ___________________________________________________
Supporting ___________________________________________________
details ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
91
In some countries, people spend long hours at work. Why does this happen? Is it positive or negative
development?
Thesis ________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Supporting ___________________________________________________
details ___________________________________________________
dy
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
u
Paragraph 2 Main idea St ___________________________________________________

an
Supporting ___________________________________________________
details ___________________________________________________
ic
___________________________________________________
er
___________________________________________________
Am
92
In education and employment, some people work harder than others. Why do some people work harder?
Is it always a good thing to work hard?
Thesis _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 1 Main idea _________________________________________________
(to answer question 1) _________________________________________________
Supporting _________________________________________________
details _________________________________________________
dy
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
u
Paragraph 2 Main idea St _________________________________________________

an
Supporting _________________________________________________
details _________________________________________________
ic
_________________________________________________
er
_________________________________________________
Am
93
Happiness is often considered difficult to define. Why is this? What factors determine happiness?
Thesis ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 1 Main idea _______________________________________________
(to answer question 1) _______________________________________________
Supporting _______________________________________________
details _______________________________________________
dy
_______________________________________________
u
_______________________________________________
Paragraph 2 Main idea

St _______________________________________________
(to answer question 2) _______________________________________________

an
Supporting _______________________________________________
ic
details _______________________________________________
er
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Am
94
Success is often measured by wealth and material possessions. Do you think wealth is the best
measure of success? What makes a successful person?
Thesis ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 1 Main idea ________________________________________________
(to answer question 1) ________________________________________________
Supporting ________________________________________________
details ________________________________________________
dy
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
u
Paragraph 2 Main idea St ________________________________________________
(to answer question 2) ________________________________________________

an
Supporting ________________________________________________
details ________________________________________________
ic
________________________________________________
er
________________________________________________
Am
95
The world of work is rapidly changing and employees cannot depend on having the same job or the
same working conditions for life. Why is it the case? Can you suggest some ways to prepare people to
work in the future?
Thesis _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 1 Main idea _________________________________________________
Supporting _________________________________________________
details _________________________________________________
dy
_________________________________________________
u
_________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 Main idea

St _________________________________________________

an
Supporting _________________________________________________
ic
details _________________________________________________
er
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Am
96
Question: Do people do/get enough X?
Answer order
1. Say whether you believe people get or do enough X?
2. Say which types of people get or do not have enough X?
3. Say why they should get or do more X?
Grammar point
1. Use opinion phrases
2. Use expressions for quantities and types of people
dy
3. Use expressions for suggesting or advising
u
➢ Practice St
8.2 Match the expressions for quantities and types of people on the left with the words and phrases that
an
have the same meanings on the right
1. A large percentage of A. young people

ic
2. A minority of B. White-collar workers

er
3. Children C. the older generation
4. Few D. only some

Am
5. Office workers E. most
6. Teenagers F. kids
7. The elderly G. hardly any
8. The majority of H. a vast amount of
97
8.3 Write the words and expressions below in the correct spaces
Good idea Ought It would help if
The best thing Would be Should
1. Everyone _______ to join a sports team, even if it’s just for fun
2. _______ to do to make sure people get more holidays is to put pressure on companies to abide by the labor laws
3. It _______ good if students learned how to swim competitively at a young age. Kids don’t get enough chances to
do this nowadays
4. Many people don’t pay enough attention to what the professionals say. You _______ consider hiring a personal
dy
trainer if you want to lift weights
u
5. It’s not a _______ to over-exercise. Some people exert themselves too much
St
6. _______ everyone used public transport instead of driving. Too much traffic clogs the roads and pollutes the air
an
8.4 Practice ask and answer the following questions
1. Do people today do enough physical exercise?

ic
2. Do children do enough sports in school?

er
3. Do people in your country do enough creative activities in school?

Am
Question: Is it difficult to do X?
Answer order
1. Say how difficult you think it is to do X
2. Talk a little about the learning process
Grammar point
1. Use adverbs of degree with adjectives to talk about degrees of difficulty
2. Use a few time marking phrases
3. Use a few expressions about learning things
98
➢ Practice
Fairly frustrating Remarkably easy incredibly
Awkward Unbelievably challenging
1. It’s _______ hard to learn to play the drums well. It took me 10 years!
2. I believe that to master a language to the point when you can speak it fluently is _______ . It’s one of the hardest
things in the world.
3. Learning to drive a car is _______ at first, but pretty easy to pick up if you keep trying.
dy
4. It’s _______ to learn to ride a bike - I learnt in 20 minutes when I was seven years old
u
5. Czech pronunciation is very _______ to learn. I find it hard to be understood clearly when I speak
St
8.6 Ask and answer the questions by using the technique above
an
1. Is it difficult for you to stay focused on something?
2. Is it difficult for you to make choices when you shop?

ic
3. Is it difficult for you to control your spending?

er
Am
99
IELTS Task: Speaking - Part 2: An Object/Favorite Monologue
➢ Warm-up activity:
8.7 Distinguish Made from - Made of
a. Fill in the gaps to complete the grammar rule below:
Made from: We often uses made from when we talk about how something is ______________
Made of: We use made of when we talk about the ______________ or ______________
b. Fill in the gaps with “made of” or “ made from”
1. Her dress was ______________ a light, floaty 5. Wine is ______________ grapes.
material. 6. This house is ______________ bricks.
dy
2. They sailed on a raft ______________ bamboo. 7. This shirt is ______________ cotton.
3. My cabin was ______________ logs.
u
4. Plastic is ______________ oil. St
an
8.8 Work in pairs. Find as many adjectives as you can to fill in the table below
Useful adjectives for describing objects

ic
splendid, worthless,...
er
opinion
Am
silky, soft, …
touch
Slender, giant, …
size, weight
Perfumed, smelly, …
smell
Icy, hot, ...

temperature
Adolescent, antique, …
age
100
Round, circular, …
shape
Gleaming, luminous, …
brightness
Purple, yellowish, …
color
Cloth, fabric, …
material
dy
➢ Practice:
Task card #1: Describe a magazine that you like
u
You should say: St
● What the magazine is
an
● When you started reading this magazine
● What the content is

ic
And explain why you like this magazine

er
Am
Vocabulary:
- powerhouse n. ông lớn (của một mảng/ngành nào - Subscription n. Hội phí, mua báo dài hạn
đó) - Comprehend v. hiểu, nhận thức thấu đáo
- opinion editorial (op-ed): bài xã luận (thường do - Invaluable adj. Vô giá
- Accurate adj. Chính xác, xác đáng
độc giả đóng góp, mang màu sắc quan điểm cá
- Article n. Bài báo
nhân)
- periodical n. báo/tạp chí xuất bản định kỳ
- Influential adj. Có ảnh hưởng, có tác dụng
- coverage n. mật độ thông tin (về một sự kiện nào

- Hassle n. Điều rắc rối, phức tạp
đó) - Reliable adj. Đáng tin
- readership n. số độc giả của tạp chí - Format n. Định dạng

- Be into sth: đam mê cái gì đó - Anticipate v. dự đoán trước
- To rummage through something: lục lọi cái gì đó - Accumulate v. tích lũy, thu thập
- Communication n. Sự giao tiếp - An avid reader n. Một độc giả cuồng nhiệt
- Publish v. đăng, xuất bản
101
Brainstorm your ideas and make your own note:

Suggested idea: Hoa Hoc Tro, TIME magazine, Forbes, …
magazine that you like
Task card #2: Describe a thing you refused to lend
dy
You should say:
What the thing was
u
●
● Who wanted to borrow it from you St

● Why he/she wanted to borrow it from you
an
Vocabulary:
- Exchange v. trao đổi - Make ends meet: kiếm đủ tiền chi tiêu
ic
- Low-cost adj. Giá rẻ - Patient adj. Kiên nhẫn

- Pricey adj. Đắt - Accuse sb of v. buộc tội, tố cáo
er
- Regretful adj. Hối lỗi - Return v. trả lại

- Trust v. tin tưởng - Irresponsible adj. Vô trách nhiệm
Am
- Unexpected adj. Bất ngờ, không được báo trước - Proper explanation n. Giải thích hợp lý, thích hợp

Suggested idea: money, book,...
Thing you refused
to lend
102
Task card #3: Describe a toy you got in your childhood
You should say:
● What it was
● When you received it
● Who gave it to you
And explain how you feel about it
Vocabulary:
- Emotionally attached to sth: gắn bó về tình cảm - Premise n. tiền đề
- Tighten one’s belt: thắt lưng buộc bụng - Child labour abuse nphr. bóc lột sức lao động của
- Slump v. khủng hoảng (kinh tế) trẻ em
dy
- Float on air: hạnh phúc - Monetize v. kiếm tiền
- Dig deep into one’s pocket: chi nhiều tiền - Enforce v. thi hành luật
- In an instant n. ngay lập tức - Strategy n. chiến lược
u
- Come to think of it: nghĩ lại thì… - A fraction of sth: một phần nhỏ của cái gì đó
-
-
Glue-like adj. giống hồ dính
Substance n. hợp chất
St -
-
Quality time: thời gian chất lượng
Oppose v. phản đối
- Vibrant adj. màu sặc sỡ - To be elated adj. Rất hạnh phúc
an
- Borax n. hàn the - To reminisce about sth v. hồi tượng lại

- Fury n. cơn thịnh nộ - Wrap v. gói, bọc => unwrap v. gỡ, tháo, mở
ic

er
Suggested idea: a robot, a doll, a ball, puzzles, …

Am
Toy you got in your
childhood
103
IELTS Task: Listening
Section 4: Academic Form Filling
Action plan reminder:
1. Look at the instructions and check how many words you must write in each gap
2. Look at the heading of the note which tells you what the recording is about
3. Look at the gaps and think about what kinds of word or numbers are needed (e.g. a date, a distance, an address,
a noun)
NOTE:
- To prepare for the final Listening section, you need to practice determining the main idea and supporting or
dy
contrasting ideas, words indicating examples and theories.
🎧 8.11
u
Complete the table below St
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer
The Zip Fastener

an
1851 Howe ‘Automatic Continuous Commercial USA

ic
Clothing closure’ Potential only

er
1893 Judson ‘Clasp Locker’ Commercial failure 31. _________

Am
1908 Sundback ‘Hookless Fastener’ Commercial Sweden
32. _________
33. _________ Kynoch ‘Ready Fastener’ Commercial success UK
1920s 34. _________ ‘Zipper’ Commercial success USA
104
🎧 8.12
Complete the notes below
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer
GEOGRAPHY
Studying geography helps us to understand:
● the effects of different processes on the 31. ______ of the Earth
● the dynamic between 32. ______ and population
Two main branches of study:
● physical features
● human lifestyles and their 33. ______
Specific study areas: biophysical, topographic, political, social, economic, historical and 34. ______
dy
geography, and also cartography
u
Key point: geography helps us to understand our surroundings and the associated 35. ______
What do geographers do? St

● find data - e.g. conduct censuses, collect information in the form of 36. ______ using computer and
an
satellite technology
● analyze data - identify 37. ______, e.g. cause and effect

ic
● publish findings in form of:
a) Maps
er
● easy to carry
Am
● can show physical features of large and small areas
● bUT a two-dimensional map will always have some 38. ______
b) Aerial photos
● can show vegetation problems, 39. ______ density, ocean floor etc.
c) Landsat pictures sent to receiving stations
● used for monitoring 40. ______ conditions etc.
105
🎧 8.13
Questions 31-34
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C
Trying to repeat success
31. Compared to introducing new business processes, attempts to copy existing processes are
A. more attractive
B. more frequent
C. more straightforward
32. Most research into the repetition of success in business has
A. been done outside the United States
dy
B. produced consistent findings
C. related to only a few contexts
u
33. What does the speaker say about consulting experts?
A. Too few managers ever do it

St
B. It can be useful in certain circumstances
an
C. Experts are sometimes unwilling to give advice

ic
34. An expert’s knowledge about a business system may be incomplete because

er
A. some details are difficult for workers to explain
B. workers choose not to mention certain details

Am
C. details are sometimes altered by workers
106
Questions 35-40
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer
Setting up systems based on an existing process
Two mistakes
Manager tries to:
● improve on the original process
● create an ideal 35. ______ from the best parts of several processes
Cause of problems
● information was inaccurate
● comparison between the business settings was invalid
dy
● disadvantages were overlooked, e.g. effect of changes on 36. ______
Solution
u
● change 37. ______
● impose rigorous 38. ______

St
● copy original very closely:
an
➔ physical features of the 39. ______
➔ the 40. ______ of original employees

ic
er
Am
107
🎧 8.14
Questions 31-36
Australian Aboriginal Rock Paintings
Which painting styles have the following features?
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 31-36
Painting styles
A. Dynamic
B. Yam
C. Modern
dy
Features
31. figures revealing bones ____
u
32. rounded figures
St
____
an
33. figures with parts missing ____
34. figures smaller than life size ____

ic
35. sea creatures ____

er
36. plants ____

Am
108
Questions 37-40
Rainbow Serpent Project
Aim of project: to identify the 37. ______ used as the basis for the Rainbow Serpent
Yam Period
● Environmental changes led to higher 38. ______
● Traditional activities were affected, especially 39. ______
Rainbow Serpent image
● Similar to a seahorse
dy
● Unusual because it appeared in inland areas
● Symbolizes 40. ______ in Aboriginal culture
u
St
an
ic
er
Am
109
UNIT 9
Vocabulary Discovery: Law and Punishment
➢ New words
● Legal adj. Hợp pháp
● Illegal adj. Phạm pháp
● Constitution n. Hiến pháp
● Judge n. Thẩm phán
● Court n. Phòng xử án
● Guilty n. Có tội
dy
● Punishment n. Hình phạt
● Punish v. phạt
u
● Sentence n./v. Bản án
● Deter v. ngăn chặn
St
● Juvenile delinquency: tội phạm vị thành niên
an
● Offence n. Sự vi phạm
● Offender n. Người vi phạm
ic
● Crime n. Tội ác, tội

er
● Criminal adj./n. Có tội, tội phạm

● Regulation n. Quy định, quy tắc, điều lệ
Am
● Verdict n. Bản án
● Sue v. kiện
● Lawyer n. Luật sư
● Lawsuit n. Vụ kiện
● Prohibit v. cấm
● Commit v. phạm phải
● Capital punishment
● Case n. vụ án
● Evidence n. chứng cứ
● Just adj. Công bằng
● Justice n. Công lý
● Obey v. tuân thủ
110
● Duty n. Nghĩa vụ
● Suppress v. bỏ, cấm hoạt động
● Incite v. khuyến khích, xúi giục
● Violent conflict: mâu thuẫn bạo động
● Reckless adj.
● Spark v. khơi mào => spark anger: khơi mào sự tức giận
● Agitate v. khuấy động, gây kích động
● Avert v. ngăn ngừa
● Stricture n. Sự lên án, sự phê phán
● Disparity n. Sự bất bình đẳng
● Dysfunctional adj. Rối loạn
dy
● Perpetuate v. duy trì
➢ Collocation
u
obey/ observe St
Break
Pass
an
Introduce LAW
ic
Respect
er
Act within
uphold/ enforce
Am
● We must all observe the law at all times (formal)
● People who refuse to obey the law should be punished (les formal)
● A new law has been introduced/passed forbidding the use of mobile phones while driving
● The company acted within the law as regards the rights of its employees (formal)
111
Collocation Example
Carry out an investigation Police are carrying out an investigation into a major theft in a
factory in Woodvale
Be severely punished That judge believes that all shoplifters should be severely
punished
Face/pay a heavy fine People who park on double yellow lines face a heavy fine
Face the death penalty If he is found guilty of murder, he will have to face the death
penalty
dy
Act as a deterrent People often support the death penalty because they say it
u
acts as a deterrent
Suffer the consequences

St
Anyone who commits a crime has to suffer the consequences
an
A harsh penalty/sentence Some judges are more likely to give harsh sentences than
others
ic
er
➢ Phrasal verb
Am
● Comply with: to act according to an order, set of rules or request
● Carry out: conduct
● Catch up with: manage to catch
● Go against: if something goes against a rule or something you believe in, it does not obey it or agree with it
● Inform on: give information to the police about someone who has done something wrong
● Sign over: give someone else legal rights to something
● Impose on: give someone a punishment
● Abide by (formal): obey
● Adhere to (formal): obey
112
● Toughen up: make more limiting and difficult to avoid
● Provide for (formal): allowing to happen
● Throw out: reject
● Go through sth: to experience an unpleasant or difficult situation or event
● Vote on sth: to make a decision about something by counting the number of people for and against it
● Tighten up: make stricter
● Roll out: introduce
● Let out sb/sth or let sb/sth out: to allow a person or animal to leave somewhere, especially by opening a locked
or closed door
dy
● Let off sb or let sb off: to not punish someone who has committed a crime or done something wrong, or to not
punish someone severely
u
➢ Practice St
9.1 Are you a good citizen? Complete this questionnaire and then answer the questions
an
How Law-Abiding Are You?
1. Have the police or a court ever ____________ (1) a fine on you?

ic
2. Do you ____________ (2) to speed limits?

er
3. Would it go ____________ (3) your principles to take items from your place of work for your own
private use?
Am
4. Do you abide ____________ (4) parking laws?
5. If you knew that a friend or family member had committed a crime, would you ____________ (5) on
them?
6. If you park illegally in a foreign country because you genuinely don’t understand the rules, do you
think you should be ____________ (6) off or punished?
113
9.2 Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets, so that it keeps the same meaning
1. Everyone must observe these regulations (comply)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. All citizens must obey these rules (apply)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The jury found the accused guilty (reached)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The police are investigating the bank robbery (investigation)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
dy
5. Our company would never break the law (acts)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
u
6. The rules prohibit eating and drinking in the classrooms (allow students)
St
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
an
9.3 Fill in the gaps with the correct word form (and tense) of the words in the brackets
ic
1. Law and order have ____________ into all societies and communities since the dawn of civilization. (embed)
er
2. Some people argue that the world will be thrown into chaos in the ____________ of the law. (absent)
Am
3. Humans are inherently selfish and greedy, and these traits could incite ____________ and spark ____________
conflicts. (jealous/violent)
4. A society without the strictures ____________ by legislation will allow huge disparities and injustices to exist.
(impose)
5. This would ____________ the wealthy’s prosperity and the poor’s austerity, and such a society is hardly desirable.
(perpetuate)
114
9.4 Practice IELTS Writing task 2
Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they wanted to
do. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Make your outline:
You should spend about 1 minute to prepare an outline before you write
Introduction How to paraphrase?
Thesis statement?
Body Body 1 + Your controlling idea:
u dy
+ Explanation:
St
+ Illustration:
an
Body 2 + Your controlling idea:

ic
er
+ Explanation:
Am
+ Illustration:
Conclusion
115
Write your own essay:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
dy
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
u
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
St
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
an
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ic
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
er
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Am
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
116
Some people think that strict punishments for driving offenses are the key to reducing traffic accidents.
Others, however, believe that other measures would be more effective in improving road safety.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Make your outline:
Thesis statement?
dy
+ Explanation:
u
+ Illustration:
St
an
Body 2 + Your controlling idea:

ic
+ Explanation:
er
+ Illustration:
Am
Conclusion
117
Write your own essay:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
dy
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
u
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
St
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
an
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ic
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
er
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Am
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
118
IELTS Task: Speaking - Part 1
Question: When was the first/last time you did X?
Sample question
● When was the first time you used a computer?
● When was the last time you went on holiday?
How to answer
● Say when you first/last did it
● Say why you did it
● Describe what the experience was like
dy
Sample answer
Q: When was the last time you went on holiday?
u
A: The last time I went on holiday was about three years ago…in July 2008. My family and I went to SaPa for 2
St
weeks during the summer holiday. Sa Pa is an intriguing place to visit because of the Dao minority culture - my
an
family and I drove out to the mountains there and trekked in the Fansipan. I really can’t wait to go back there!
ic
Useful language
er
Prepositions and adverbs of time

Am
Around (months, occasions, festivals, special days)
● …around Christmas…
● …around my 10th birthday…
Last (weeks, weekends, months, years, festivals)
● …last weekend…
● …last month…
In (months, seasons, years)
● …in December…
● …in 1979…
119
During (months, seasons, long festivals)
● …during the Tet holiday…
● …during the spring…
On (days, special days)
● …on the 5th of November 2005…
● …on my parents 25th wedding anniversary…
About + time period + ago
The last/first time I + past verb + was…
Adjectives of experience
dy
● Difficult, challenging
● Exciting, thrilling, exhilarating, stimulating, enjoyable
u
● Fascinating, intriguing, surprising St
● Depressing, upsetting, unpleasant
● Embarrassing, humiliating
an
● Irritating, annoying, frustrating

ic
9.5 Some of the sentences below are incorrect, some are correct. Identify the incorrect sentences and write
er
the correct sentences in the spaces provided.

Am
1. The last times I play basketball were when I was at school.
2. In my 25th birthday, I go to a Japanese restaurant with my friends and colleagues.
3. I think my boyfriend’s parents coming to visit in Tomb Sweeping Day.
4. My grandmother give me the computer as a present the before Christmas, so it’s still really new.
5. I went to Thailand on vacation about two years before.
6. My parents often go abroad during the summer.
7. I finally passed my driving test in 1997.
120
9.6 Write the words below in the correct spaces
annoying intriguing stimulating enjoyable
thrilling exhilarating frustrating
1. The last time I went to the cinema was about three months ago. My friend and I were really excited about
watching the new movie, but in the end it was really _______ because we had to queue up for a long time to buy
the tickets and the film wasn’t that great anyway.
2. The first time I visited an art gallery was in 2005. My family all went together, and whilst my parents were not
impressed with modern art, for me it was _______ because it was all so new, and it made me consider things I had
never really thought deeply about before.
dy
3. I last had visitors to my home just a few days ago. They were my and my husband's university classmates, and it
u
was great because their conversation is so _______ and their company is really _______. We talk about everything
and anything and we always have so much fun

St
4. The first time I used a computer was on my 12th birthday, when my uncle gave me a laptop as a present. It was
an
so _______ to be able to use this brand-new technology to surf the Web, play computer games and chat to my
friends!
ic
5. The last time I went to a party was last week. There were lots of foreigners there who I didn’t know. Although the
er
atmosphere of meeting lots of new people was _______, it was really quite _______ because I felt that I couldn’t
Am
express myself in English very well.
9.7 Answer the following questions
● When was the last time visitors came to your house?
Question: Did you learn to do X?
Sample question
● Did you learn how to ride a bike when you were a child?
● Did you learn how to swim when you were young?
121
How to answer
● Positive answer: Say you did learn to do X (+ when) + How did you learn to do X (someone, youtube, classes, etc.)
● Negative answer: Say you haven’t learned to do X yet + Why + How did you regret
● Use past tenses with timespan life phrases
● State who taught you with preposition “by” or “with”
● Use non-defining relative clauses and adjectives of personality to describe the person who taught you
Sample answer
A: Did you learn how to swim when you were young?
Q: Yes, I did learn to swim when I was in grade 10. I learned it from my father who possesses a personality
dy
like a teacher. He gave me step-to-step instruction and supportive guidelines, and he was incredibly encouraging
but quite strict because he was determined to teach me to swim after one month. Fortunately, I was gradually
u
good at swimming. St
A: Did you learn to play any musical instrument?
an
Q: Unfortunately, I haven’t learned to play any musical instrument yet, which is a pity. Actually, I had the first
crack at playing the piano when I was a child but then it’s a shame I didn’t have enough time to do it. I was
ic
always snowed under homework and assignments at school and gave up after some weeks. I wish I had had
er
more ambition and patience when I was younger, then I might have learned to play the piano.
Am
The past simple and time in life phrases
● When I was + age
● When I was in grade …
● On my + birthday
● During + holiday
● About + number + year(s) ago
● Every day/every week/every month
122
Saying who taught you
● I was taught (to do X) + by + the person
● I learned how to do X + from + the person
Non-defining relative clauses and adjectives of personality
● Non-defining relative clauses: Subject, who + verb, verb + object
● ADJ of personality: caring, supportive, encouraging, strict, kind,
talented
dy
Useful phrases
u
● I was lucky because my (parents) gave me the chance to + activity
●
St
I was fortunate that I had the opportunity to + activity
● I wish I had had …

an
● I did learn to do X when I was at grade …/when I was … years old/about … years ago
● I was taught by my…/I learned it from… who possesses personality like a teacher
ic
● [Who] gave me step-to-step instruction and supportive guidelines…

er
● Actually nobody guided me at all. I got to grips with X by …
● I learned by trial and error…

Am
● I had the first crack at X when …
● Unfortunately, I haven’t learned to do X yet, which is a pity
● I was always snowed under… and gave up for a few weeks…
● I wish I had had more ambition and patience when I …, then I might have learned to do
123
➢ Practice
9.8 Each of the sentences 1-5 has one mistake. Identify and correct the mistakes, then match the sentences
to their counterparts A-E
1. I learned English by two really good teachers in middle school…
2. I learned to use spreadsheets from trial and error. I was not taught by anyone…
3. I was learned how to sing from a friend of my mother,...
4. I first learn to write characters by my father, …
5. I taught how to do Web design by using an online tutorial and going through each section every day on my
own…
dy
A. … who was a friendly, creative woman
B. … I got to grips with them pretty fast, because I’m quite good at anything related to mathematics
u
C. … They were both very patient and kind St
D. … who was an excellent calligrapher and an understanding, encouraging teacher
an
E. … It took a while to get the hang of, but it was an interesting way to learn
ic
9.9 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the following questions

er
● Did you learn how to swim when you were young?

Am
● Did you learn to play any musical instrument?
● Did you learn how to ride a bike when you were a child?
● Did you learn drawing when you were a kid?
● Did you learn how to cook when you were younger?
124
Part 2 - Place Monologue
Task card #1: Describe a foreign country that you would like to experience for a short time
You should say:
● What it is like
● Where it is
● When you want to live there
And explain why it is ideal to you
Vocabulary:
● A big fan of sth: rất yêu thích cái gì ● Minimize v. giảm thiểu
dy
● Impress v. gây ấn tượng ● Bucket list n. Danh sách những thứ muốn
● Scenery n. Phong cảnh/cảnh làm
● Limitless adj. Bất tận ● Set foot in: đặt chân đến
u
● Inspiration n. Truyền cảm hứng ● Curious adj. Tò mò
●
●
Spark v. khơi dậy
Embark on the journey v.
St ●
●
Collectible n. Đồ sưu tầm
A holiday of a lifetime: chuyến đi để đời
an
● The more the merrier: càng đông càng vui
● Broaden someone’s horizon: mở rộng tầm ● The hustle and bustle: cái bận rộn và hối
mắt hả
ic
● Gain a deeper insight into other cultures: ● Like-minded people: những người có cùng
có cái nhìn sâu sắc hơn về các nền văn hóa tư tưởng
er
● A pause from ordinary life: tạm rời xa cuộc ● Golden chance: cơ hội vàng
sống thường nhật Widen social circle: mở rộng vòng tròn xã
Am
●
hội
● Have itchy feet: muốn đi đây đi đó
Brainstorm your ideas and make notes:
a foreign country that
you would like to
experience for a short
time
125
Task card # 2: Describe a place you visited that has been polluted
You should say:
● What the place is
● What type of pollution it is/are
● What the cause and effect of pollution are
And explain how this pollution can be controlled
Vocabulary:
● Could be better v. chưa tốt lắm (Cách ● Noise n. Tiếng ồn
dùng: N + could be better) ● Pollution n. Ô nhiễm
● Smog n. màn khói bụi ● Emit fumes: xả khói
dy
● Dreary adj. ảm đạm ● Peak hours n. Giờ cao điểm
● Shield v. che chắn trước thứ gì đó (Cách ● Respiratory disease n. Bệnh về đường hô
u
dùng: shield + Nh from + N2) hấp
● Distinct adj. đặc trưng St ● Asthma n. hen suyễn
● Pitch black n. màu đen như mực ● Water scarcity n. sự thiếu hụt nước
● Sludge n. bùn nhớt ● Drive me crazy: khiến cho ai đó phát điên
an
● Put up with v. chịu đựng điều gì đó (Cách ● Tack action: hành động
dùng: put up with + N) ● Improve air quality: cải thiện chất lượng
ic
● Noise pollution n. Ô nhiễm tiếng ồn không khí

er
a place you visited that has

Am
been polluted
126
Task card #3: Describe a place you visited where you are able to relax
You should say:
● What it is like
● Where it is
● How often you go there
And explain how you feel about this place
Vocabulary:
● Coincidental adj. Tình cờ ● Breathtaking adj. ngoạn mục, đẹp cực phẩm
● Warm ambience: hoàn cảnh ấm cúng/không ● More than enough: quá đủ để làm gì đó
khí ấm cúng ● Let your hair down v. thư giãn, thả lỏng bản
dy
● A nerve-racking time: khoảng thời gian khó thân
khăn/nhiều lo lắng ● Retreat from the hustle and bustle v. trốn khỏi
u
● Hum v. ngâm nga sự xô bồ
● Soul sanctuary n. chốn bình yên thư giãn tâm St ● Fast-paced life n. cuộc sống nhịp độ quay
hồn cuồng
● Keep sth to myself v. không nói cái gì cho ai ● Run-down adj. mệt mỏi
an
● Recharge my batteries v. nạp năng lượng cho ● Dead in the water adj. thất bại, tuyệt vọng
bản thân ● Unwind v. thư giãn
ic
● Overlook v. nhìn ra đâu

er

Am
a place you visited
where you are able
to relax
127
IELTS Task: Listening
❖ Form filling:
🎧 9.10
Questions 1 and 2
Example
In the library George found
A. a book
B. a brochure
C. a newspaper
dy
1. In the lobby of the library George saw
u
A. a group playing music
St
B. a display of instruments
an
C. a video about the festival
2. George wants to sit at the back so they can

ic
A. see well
er
B. hear clearly
Am
C. pay less
128
Questions 3-10
Complete the form below
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
SUMMER MUSIC FESTIVAL
BOOKING FORM
NAME: George O’Neill
ADDRESS: 3. ____________, Westsea
POSTCODE: 4. ____________
dy
TELEPHONE: 5. ____________
u
Date Event St Price per ticket No. of tickets
5 June Instrumental group - £ 7.50 2

an
Guitarrini
17 June Singer (price includes 6. £6 2

ic
____________ in the garden)

er
22 June 7. ____________ £ 7.00 1

Am
(Anna Ventura)
23 June Spanish Dance & Guitar 8. ____________ 9. ____________
Concert
NB Children/Students/Senior Citizens have 10. ____________ discount on all tickets
129
🎧 9.11
Complete the form below
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
St. Vitus Academy
Course enrolment form
First name: 1. ____________
Surname: 2. ____________
Address: 3. ____________, London, N8
6BY
dy
Age: 4. ____________
u
Course: 5. ____________
St
Course Start Date: 6. ____________
an
ic
er
Am
130
❖ Map/Diagram Labeling:
Warm-up Activities:
Each picture illustrates a word or phrase used to give directions. Match the pictures with the words in the
box.
Behind Go past Go straight ahead/straight on Opposite
In front of Next to Turn right Turn left
Useful verbs
u dy
St
an
Useful prepositions of place

ic
er
Am
Check with a partner. Did you get the same answers? Can you think of any more useful words for giving
directions?
131
Practice:
🎧 9.12
Label the map. Choose your answers from the box below
Write the appropriate letters A-E on the map
u dy
St
an
A. Health center
B. Maple Leaf pub

ic
C. Clark’s Cycle Hire

er
D. supermarket
Am
E. garage
132
🎧 9.13
You are going to hear a conversation between a gym owner and an equipment salesman. Listen and complete the
diagram above.
u dy
St
an
ic
er
Am
133
🎧9.14 Questions 25-30

Label the diagram below
Write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 25-30
udy
25. Wall ________ St 28. Wooden post ________
26. Electric wire ________ 29. Glass cap ________

an
27. Fiber optic cable ________ 30. Acrylic rod ________

ic
er
Am
134
UNIT 10
IELTS Task: Reading - Environment
10.1
DEFORESTATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY
When it comes to cutting down trees, satellite data reveals a shift from the patterns of the past
A. Globally, roughly 13 million hectares of forest are destroyed each year. Such deforestation has long been driven
by farmers desperate to earn a living or by loggers building new roads into pristine forest. But now new data
appears to show that big, block clearings that reflect industrial deforestation have come to dominate, rather than
dy
these smaller-scale efforts that leave behind long, narrow swaths of cleared land. Geographer Ruth DeFries of
u
Columbia University and her colleagues used satellite images to analyze tree-clearing in countries ringing the
St
tropics, representing 98 per cent of all remaining tropical forest. Instead of the usual ‘fish bone' signature of
deforestation from small-scale operations, large, chunky blocks of cleared land reveal a new motive for cutting
an
down woods.
ic
B. In fact, a statistical analysis of 41 countries showed that forest loss rates were most closely linked with urban
er
population growth and agricultural exports in the early part of the 21st century - even overall population growth
Am
was not as strong an influence. ‘In previous decades, deforestation was associated with planned colonization,
resettlement schemes in local areas and farmers clearing land to grow food for subsistence,' DeFries says. ‘What
we’re seeing now is a shift from small-scale farmers driving deforestation to distant demands from urban growth,
agricultural trade and exports being more important drivers.’
135
C. In other words, the increasing urbanization of the developing world, as populations leave rural areas to
concentrate in booming cities, is driving deforestation, rather than containing it. Coupled with this there is an
ongoing increase in consumption in the developed world of products that have an impact on forests, whether
furniture, shoe leather or chicken feed. ‘One of the really striking characteristics of this century is urbanization
and rapid urban growth in the developing world,’ DeFries says, ‘People in cities need to eat.’ ‘There’s no surprise
there,’ observes Scott Poynton, executive director of the Tropical Forest Trust, a Switzerland-based organization
that helps businesses implement and manage sustainable forestry in countries such as Brazil, Congo and
Indonesia. ‘It’s not about people chopping down trees. It's all the people in New York, Europe and elsewhere who
want cheap products, primarily food.’
dy
D. Dearies argues that in order to help sustain this increasing urban and global demand, agricultural productivity
u
will need to be increased on lands that have already been cleared. This means that better crop varieties or better
St
management techniques will need to be used on the many degraded and abandoned lands in the tropics. And the
an
Tropical Forest Trust is building management systems to keep illegally harvested wood from ending up in, for
example, deck chairs, as well as expanding its efforts to look at how to reduce the ‘forest footprint’ of agricultural
ic
products such as palm oil. Poynton says, ‘The point is to give forests value as forests, to keep them as forests and
er
give them a use as forests. They’re not going to be locked away as national parks. That’s not going to happen.’
Am
E. But it is not all bad news. Halts in tropical deforestation have resulted in forest regrowth in some areas where
tropical lands were previously cleared. And forest clearing in the Amazon, the world’s largest tropical forest,
dropped from roughly 1.9 million hectares a year in the 1990s to 1.6 million hectares a year over the last decade,
according to the Brazilian government. 'We know that deforestation has slowed down in at least the Brazilian
Amazon,’ DeFries says. ‘Every place is different. Every country has its own particular situation, circumstances and
driving forces.’
136
F. Regardless of this, deforestation continues, and cutting down forests is one of the largest sources of
greenhouse gas emissions from human activity - a double blow that both eliminates a biological system to suck
up C02 and creates a new source of greenhouse gasses in the form of decaying plants. The United Nations
Environment Programme estimates that slowing such deforestation could reduce some 50 billion metric tons of
C02, or more than a year of global emissions. Indeed, international climate negotiations continue to attempt to
set up a system to encourage this, known as the UN Development Programme’s fund for reducing emissions from
deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD). If policies [like REDD] are to be effective, we
need to understand what the driving forces are behind deforestation, DeFries argues. This is particularly
important in the light of new pressures that are on the horizon: the need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels
dy
and find alternative power sources, particularly for private cars, is forcing governments to make products such as
biofuels more readily accessible. This will only exacerbate the pressures on tropical forests.
u
St
G. But millions of hectares of pristine forest remain to protect, according to this new analysis from Columbia
an
University. Approximately 60 percent of the remaining tropical forests are in countries or areas that currently have
little agricultural trade or urban growth. The amount of forest area in places like central Africa, Guyana and
ic
Suriname, DeFries notes, is huge. ‘There’s a lot of forest that has not yet faced these pressures.’
er
Questions 1-6
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Am
Which paragraph contains the following information?

NB: You may use any letter more than once.
1. __________ two ways that farming activity might be improved in the future
2. ___________ reference to a fall in the rate of deforestation in one area
3. ___________ the amount of forest cut down annually
4. ___________ how future transport requirements may increase deforestation levels
5. ___________ a reference to the typical shape of early deforested areas
6. ___________ key reasons why forests in some areas have not been cut down
137
Questions 7-8
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Which TWO of these reasons do experts give for current patterns of deforestation?
A. to provide jobs
B. to create transport routes
C. to feed city dwellers
D. to manufacture low-budget consumer items
E. to meet government targets
Questions 9-10
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
The list below gives some of the impacts of tropical deforestation.
dy
Which TWO of these results are mentioned by the writer of the text?
u
A. local food supplies fall
B. soil becomes less fertile

St
C. some areas have new forest growth
an
D. some regions become uninhabitable
E. local economies suffer

ic
er
Questions 11-13
Am
Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
11. The expression ‘a ______________ ’ is used to assess the amount of wood used in certain types of production.
12. Greenhouse gasses result from the ______________. that remain after trees have been cut down.
13. About ______________ of the world’s tropical forests have not experienced deforestation yet.
138
Vocabulary:
● Dominate v. thống trị ● Pristine adj. Nguyên sơ
● Satellite n. Vệ tinh ● Feature
● Striking adj. ● Food supply n. Nguồn cung thức ăn
● Abandon v. bỏ ● Suffer v. chịu đựng
● Crop n. Vụ mùa ● Inhabitable adj.
● Regardless of ● Low-budget adj. Kinh phí thấp
● Eliminate v. loại bỏ ● Degradation n. Sự xuống cấp
● Exacerbate v. làm tệ thêm ● Driving force n. Động cơ
dyu
St
an
ic
er
Am
139
10.2
Climate Change and the Inuit

The threat posed by climate change in the Arctic and the problems faced by Canada's Inuit people
A. Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their
summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws. There
are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining into the
sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters.
Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic
effects - if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually
ice-free in summer. The knockon effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation
dy
and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what's going on because they consider the Arctic
u
the 'canary in the mine' for global warming - a warning of what's in store for the rest of the world.
St
B. For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in a precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on
an
earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well
ic
as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what's
er
happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country's
newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining
Am
their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.
C. The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into
this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the
question and nature offers meager pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving
by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were
successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was
uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing
kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of today's Inuit people.
140
D. Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers of rock and
ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It's currently home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of them
indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory's
28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. Provisions available in
local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by
supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around £7,000 a year to replace meat
they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many
people state benefits are their only income.
dy
E. While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has
certainly been an impact on people's health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in
u
people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional
St
skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In Nunavut's 'igloo and email' society,
an
where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, there's a high
incidence of depression.
ic
er
F. With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate
Am
change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital
to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as 'Inuit
Qaujimajatuqangit', or IQ. 'In the early days scientists ignored us when they came up here to study anything. They
just figured these people don't know very much so we won't ask them,' says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and
politician. 'But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight.' In fact it is now a requirement for
anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult the communities, who are helping to set the
research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. They can turn down applications from scientists they
believe will work against their interests, or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and
traditional activities.
141
G. Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesn't go back
far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years.
There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific onslaught, many predictions
are no more than best guesses. IQ could help to bridge the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about
how much of what we're seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity
Questions 1-6
Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
dy
List of Headings
i The reaction of the limit community to climate v A healthier choice of food vi A difficult
u
change landscape
ii Understanding of climate change remains

St vii Negative effects on well-being
limited viii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in

an
iii Alternative sources of essential supplies the Arctic

ic
iv Respect for limit opinion grows ix The benefits of an easier existence

er
Example Answer
Am
Paragraph A viii
1. Paragraph B
2. Paragraph C
3. Paragraph D
4. Paragraph E
5. Paragraph F
6. Paragraph G
142
Questions 7-14
Complete the summary of paragraphs C and D below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from paragraphs C and D for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-14 on your answer sheet.
If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home.
It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage in 7. ______________ as a means of supporting themselves.
For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching 8. ______________ and 9. ______________ as a means of
sustenance. The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some
were successful. The 10. ______________ people were an example of the latter and for them the environment did not
prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut
dy
consists of little more than ice, rock and a few 11. ______________ In recent years, many of them have been obliged
u
to give up their 12. ______________ lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on 13. ______________ for their food
St
and clothes. 14. ______________ produce is particularly expensive.
an
Vocabulary
● Threat n. Mối nguy cơ ● Capriciousness n. Tính thất thường
ic
● Incident n. Sự cố ● Tremendous adj. To lớn

er
● Permafrost n. Tầng băng vĩnh viễn ● Onslaught n. Sự công kích dữ dội, tấn công
● Ancestral adj. Ông bà tổ tiên để lại dữ dội
Am
● Vanish v. tan biến, tiêu tan ● Precipitate v. kết tủa, chất lắng
● Descendant n. Con cháu, hậu duệ, người ● Shrink v. Chìm
nối dõi ● Abstract adj. Trừu tượng
● Handful adj. Một nhúm, một ít ● Property n. Tài sản, của cải
● Indigenous adj. Bản địa
143
Question: Is it difficult to do X?
Sample question
● Is it difficult to learn to play a musical instrument?
● Is it difficult to learn another language?
● Is it hard to learn to ride a bike?
How to answer
● Say how difficult you think it is to do X
● Talk a little about the learning process
Grammar point
dy
● Use adverbs of degree with adjectives to talk about degrees of difficulty
● Use time marking phrases
u
● Use expressions about learning things
Practice
St
● Is it easy to travel around your city?
an
● Is it easy to learn to swim?
● Is it difficult to learn to play a musical instrument?

ic
● Is it hard to learn another language?

er
● Is it hard to ride a bike?

Am
Question: When was the first/last time you did X?
Sample question
How to answer
● Say when you first/last did it
● Say why you did it
● Describe what the experience was like
144
Grammar point
● Use prepositions and adverbs of time
● Use past simple to talk about completed events
● Use varied adjectives of experience
Practice
Part 2 - Person Monologue
dy
10.3
Answer the questions below about the teachers you had at school
u
a. How well do you remember your teachers?
b. Was there a teacher you especially liked? Why?

St
c. How in general can teachers make lessons more interesting and fun? Is it important to do this? Is it always
an
possible to do this?
ic
er
Am
145
10.4
The list below gives some qualities that teachers might possess. Decide if each quality is Important (I),
Useful (U) or Not Important (N)
Qualities of good teachers
1. They speak many foreign languages
2. They have a lot of hobbies
3. They set high standards
4. They are able to explain difficult things
5. They tell lots of jokes
6. They maintain discipline
dy
7. They avoid negative criticism
8. They speak loudly
u
9. They give a lot of praise
10. They are very athletic

St
11. They mark and return students’ work quickly
an
12. They are good-looking
13. They know the subject well

ic
14. They are polite to the students

er
➔ Which other qualities would you add to the list?
➔ Work in pairs. Make another list about qualities of good friends

Am
Qualities of good friends
1. They are loyal
2. They are …
3. They have …
4. …
5. …
6. …
7. …
8. …
9. …
10. …
146
10.5
Match each phrase in the list to one of the functions a-d
a. Introducing your choice
b. Explaining the reason for your choice
c. Describing physical features
d. Describing character
1. Physically, he/she was
2. The … I’ve chosen is …
3. What … taught me was that …
dy
4. In terms of personality, …
5. I can remember … really well
u
6. He/she looked …
7. Character-wise, he/she was …

St
8. I’ll never forget him/her because
an
10.6
ic
Take one minute to think and make notes about your own talk on this topic, using your own experience.
er
Then practice speaking for 2 minutes

Am
Task card #1: Describe a person you admire
You should say:
● Who is he/she?
● What relation does this person have to you?
● What are your first memories of this person?
● How often do you see this person?
And explain why you really admire this person?
147
IELTS Task: Listening - Multiple Choices
10.3
Questions 21-30 (🎧 10.3a-10.3b)
Lorraine
● has been with them on the course for 21. _________
● has left because she has got a 22. _________
● has returned to 23. _________
dy
Questions 24-30 (🎧 10.3c - 10.3d)
Circle the correct letters A-D
u
24. Steve’s mark could have been better if he had
A. not made mistakes in his projects

St
B. done a better book review
an
C. written more words
D. chosen a different topic for his project

ic
25. Steve’s book review was

er
A. too long
Am
B. not as good as his project
C. excellent
D. fairly good
26. Steve’s tutor criticizes which aspect of his project?
A. the beginning
B. the argument about road pricing
C. the end
D. the length
148
27. The tutor recommends that Frances should do
A. a PhD but not an MPhil
B. an MPhil or a PhD
C. another project
D. her work more carefully
28. As regards getting funding, the tutor thinks Frances’s
A. chances are slim
B. chances are greater than many other students’
C. exam results will be decisive
dy
D. chances are better now than in the past
29. The last time a student in the department achieved a first in their exams was
u
A. three years ago St
B. thirty years ago
an
C. last year
D. in the first three years the college was open

ic
30. Steve does not plan to go on to do research because he wants to

er
A. stop studying
Am
B. do lots of really exciting things
C. earn some money to do the things he would like to do
D. return to his job
149

Questions 21-23
Circle the correct letter A-D
21. The students are discussing
A. one essay of 1500 words
B. four essays of 1500 words
C. one essay of 5000 words
D. one essay of 5000-6000 words
22. Which of the following can be included in the assignment?
A. Dr. Brightwell’s notes
dy
B. tables and graphs, but not charts
C. tables, graphs and charts
u
D. social science books St
23. What has to be handed in to Dr. Brightwell in two weeks’ time?
an
A. data for the graphs
B. a questionnaire in draft form

ic
C. a completed questionnaire
er
D. collected information
Am
150
Question 24
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS or A NUMBER
The question limit on the questionnaire is _________
Questions 25-30
Match the points below to the speaker
Circle M for Mark or A for Anne
25. Forty questions will be enough M A
26. The questions should be simple M A
27. The subject of the questionnaire will be how active M A
students are
dy
28. The questionnaires do not need to have names M A
u
29. Twenty to twenty-five questions should be written by M A
both of them
St
30. The layout of the questionnaire can be played with M A
an
ic
🎧 10.5
er
Questions 21-25
Choose the correct letter A, B or C
Am
21. Why did Anita and Lee choose to talk about John Chapman?
A. He was Lee’s childhood hero
B. They wanted to talk about the USA
C. He was relevant to the topic of their studies
22. Where did the students record their sources of information?
A. On their laptops
B. On a handout
C. On a database
151
23. The tutor claims she does not understand whether
A. Apples grew in America before Europeans arrived
B. The Native Americans had always eaten apples
C. American apples were first bred in Europe
24. The tutor says the audience was particularly interested to hear about
A. Grafting techniques in ancient China
B. The cultivation of apples in Kazakhstan
C. The spread of apples along the Silk Route
25. How will Anita and Lee present their follow-up work?
dy
A. On the department website
B. As a paper
u
C. As a poster St
Questions 26-30
an
What do Lee and Anita agree about their presentation skills with their tutor?
ic
Write the correct letter A, B or C next to questions 26-30.

A excellent
er
B acceptable
Am
C poor
Presentation skills
26. use of equipment …………..
27. handling software …………..
28. timing of sections …………..
29. design of handout …………..
30. clarity of speech …………..
152
Academic Note Filling

Questions 31-33
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer
NOTES:
The speaker specializes in management 31. _________
Bullying in the workplace costs the 32. _________ up to ￡4 billion a year
Bullying is caused by
● insufficient experience,
● Insecurity, or
dy
● A lack of 33. _________ on the part of managers
u
Questions 34-40 St
an
MAIN METHODS OF BULLYING
● Setting 34. _________ tasks

ic
● Constantly moving the goalposts

er
● Stopping individuals 35. _________ to criticism
● Not 36. _________ or replying to emails. This means you cannot expect your staff to 37.
Am
_________ you
● Using technology. Companies should develop an 38. _________ of practice
TASK
In groups 39. _________ other bullying strategies and ways in which they can be 40. _________
153
🎧 10.7
Questions 36-39
Complete the note below
Student’s Notes
Employees
now working 36. _________ physically and mentally
Productivity
up in many 37. _________
In 2002, local car plant

vehicles per employee on rise to 38. _________
Car industry
once thought to be 39. _________
u dy
Question 40
Choose the correct letter A-D
St
40. Dr. Butt asks those students to see him who
an
A. want to work at the plant
B. have chosen to do the project

ic
C. want to write extra essays

er
D. are new
Am
154
🎧 10.8
Listen and complete the notes with ONE WORD ONLY
PLANTS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD
Prehistory: flowering plants
● Arrived about 130 million years ago
● Became an essential source of 1. _______
2737 BC: tea
● Discovered in China, played a key role in USA, China & UK
● Led to financial problems in Britain - a Chinese ruler insisted all tea was paid for with 2. _______, which
had to be sourced from other countries
dy
202 BC: White Mulberry
u
● In demand from 202 BC when it was essential in the production of 3. _______
● Trade routes led to the spread of different 4. _______ but also made more people ill and encouraged the
St
exchange of dangerous products (e.g. 5. _______)
an
16th century: the potato
● Originated in Central and South America, brought to Europe by the 6. _______

ic
● It was rapidly accepted because it was cheap and contained lots of 7. _______
Helped prevent one specific 8. _______

er
● 1845-1849 - large-scale failure of potato crops led to a million deaths in Ireland and the 9. _______ of
Am
another million people.
155
🎧 10.9
You are going to hear a media-studies lecturer talking about animation technology in the film industry.
Complete the notes below.
Animation Technology
History
Thomas Edison first camera - 1889
J. Stuart Blackton first animated film technique - used many 1. _____ of faces
Émile Cohl first animated scene - used cut-outs made of 2. _____
dy
Walt Disney - first talking color film:
u
+ 1928
+
St
used 3. _____ slides
- first full-length colour film - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs - 1937
an
Pixar Animation Studios

ic
Origins Graphics group

er
Earnings Over 4. $ _____ worldwide

Am
Famous films 1995 - Toy Story - first computer-animated film
2001 - Monsters, Inc. - included 5. _____ as a new animation feature
Finding Nemo - new techniques in 6. _____
The incredibles - believable simulations of people and 7. _____
Future developments
A. Digital humans: focusing particularly on skin and 8. _____
B. Speed: companies producing 9. _____ will help
C. Color: aim to preserve vibrancy
D. Styles of animation: a move from 10. _____ to new concepts
156
UNIT 11
IELTS Task: Reading - Global Politics
11.1 Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below
List of headings
i. The development of universal voting rights
ii. America emerging from Britain’s influence
iii. Focusing on regional government
dy
iv. An undemocratic electoral system
u
v. The end of the british empire
St
vi. The development of British monarchy
vii. Corruption in American democracy

an
viii. The royal roots of British democracy

ic
er
1. Paragraph A
2. Paragraph B
Am
3. Paragraph C
4. Paragraph D
157
Democracy in Britain and America
A.
Waves of people from diverse ethnic backgrounds have migrated to North America since Europeans first arrived
on the continent. In the colonial period, however, it was the British who dominated immigration to America and
they brought with them the political and legal values of their homeland. As the colonies evolved and America
began its struggle for independence, differences emerged because of the geography of the land, the makeup of
society, as well as the desire of the Founding Fathers to introduce a new form of democracy. These differences
would define how American democracy evolved separately from its former colonial rulers. America’s unique
system of representation was partly inspired by the British model, but was stripped of its aristocratic and royal
dy
roots in favor of a more local emphasis.
B.
u
Britain’s model of representative government has its origins in the practice of medieval English kings, who
St
enlisted the advice of a small group of confidants concerning their ‘subjects’ wishes’. British monarchs
an
recognised the role of consultation in garnering support from the people, and in turn, their obeisance. The
parliamentary system that subsequently developed was composed of an upper and lower house, the House of
ic
Lords and House of Commons, respectively. The House of Lords was founded as a hereditary body for the clergy
er
and nobility, and the House of Commons was composed of elected members from administrative districts.
Am
C.
Even though the British parliamentary system had two separate houses claiming to represent the interests of the
respective classes, elections were far from democratic. General elections were based on rigid constituencies, a
system resulting in an electorate made up of a minute portion of the population. Consequently, politically
influential self-governing townships whose populations had dissipated could elect two members of parliament,
the same number as cities with large populations. Some of these electoral districts with disproportionate
representation had fewer than ten voters. A related issue was the fact that these districts could effectively be
controlled by a single wealthy aristocrat. Bribery was often rampant, and hopeful representatives would bestow
gifts or proffer promises upon patrons for votes, or simply buy the borough outright. These practices created a
voting process that resembled pre-ordained consensus rather than democracy.
158
D.
The situation differed dramatically across the Atlantic: the manner in which the legislative assemblies arose in
the colonies was not governed by the influence of a social hierarchy, but rather, the particular needs of regional
and local communities. Since colonial charters allowed, but did not require, representative government, the
assemblies of individual colonies developed under conditions of relative heterogeneity. The legislative bodies
thus arose not to address the concerns of an entire country, but those of separate aggregates of people,
emphasizing plurality and diversity in a way that set the stage for American democracy as we know it today.
New vocabulary:
dy
● Ethnic adj. Dân tộc ● Upper house n. Thượng viện
u
● Migrate v. di cư ● Lower house n. Hạ viện
● Colonial adj. Thuộc địa St ● Parliamentary system n. Hệ thống nghị
● Evolve v. phát triển, tiến hóa viện
● Representative government n. Chính phủ ● Founding Fathers: những người cha lập
an
đại diện quốc (những người đặt nền móng cho
● Medieval adj. Trung cổ nước Mỹ)
● Hereditary adj. Cha truyền con nối
ic
er
Am
159
11.2
The politics of pessimistic
Newspaper headlines and TV or radio news bulletins would have us believe erroneously that a new age has come
upon us, the Age of Cassandra. People are being assailed not just with contemporary doom, or past gloom, but
with prophecies of disasters about to befall. The dawn of the new millennium has now passed; the earth is still
intact, and the fin de siècle Jeremiahs have now gone off to configure a new date for the apocalypse.
It can, I believe, be said with some certainty that the doom-mongers will never run out of business. Human nature
has an inclination for pessimism and anxiety, with each age having its demagogues, foretelling doom or dragging
it in their wake. But what makes the modern age so different is that the catastrophes are more “in your face”,
dy
Their assault on our senses is relentless. Whether it be sub-conscious or not, this is a situation not lost on
politicians. They play upon people’s propensity for unease, turning it into a very effective political tool.
u
Deluding the general public St
All too often, when politicians want to change the status quo, they take advantage of people’s fears of the
an
unknown and their uncertainties about the future. For example, details about a new policy may be leaked to the
press. Of course, the worst case scenario is presented in all its depressing detail. When the general public reacts
ic
in horror, the government appears to cave in. And then accepting some of the suggestions from their critics,
er
ministers water down their proposals. This allows the government to get what It wants, while at the same time
Am
fooling the public into believing that they have got one over on the government. Or even that they have some say
in the making of policy.
There are several principles at play here. And both are rather simple: unsettle people and then play on their fears;
and second, people must be given an opportunity to make a contribution, however insignificant, in a given
situation; otherwise, they become dissatisfied, not fearful or anxious.
160
A similar ruse, at a local level, will further illustrate how easily people’s base fears are exploited. A common
practice is to give people a number of options, say in a housing development, ranging from no change to radical
transformation of an area. The aim is to persuade people to agree to significant modifications, which may involve
disruption to their lives, and possibly extra expenditure. The individuals, fearful of the worst possible outcome,
plump for the middle course. And this, incidentally, Is Invariably the option favored by the authorities. Everything
is achieved under the guise of market research, But It is obviously a blatant exercise in the manipulation of
people’s fears.
Fear and survival
Fear and anxieties about the future affect us till. People are wracked with self-doubt and low self-esteem. In the
dy
struggle to exist and advance in life, a seemingly endless string of obstacles is encountered, so ninny, in fact, that
any accomplishment seems surprising. Even when people do succeed they are still nagged by uncertainty.
u
Not surprisingly, feelings like doubt, fear, anxiety and pessimism are usually associated with failure. Yet, if
St
properly harnessed, they are the driving force behind success, the very engines of genius.
an
If things turn out well for a long time, there is a further anxiety: that of constantly waiting for something to go
wrong. People then find themselves propitiating the gods: not walking on lines on the pavements, performing
ic
rituals before public performances, wearing particular clothes and colours so that they can blame the ritual not
er
themselves when things go wrong, But surely the real terror cornea when success continues uninterrupted for
Am
such a long period of time that we forget what failure is like.
We crave for and are fed a daily diet of anxiety, Horror films and disaster movies have an increasing appeal.
Nostradamus pops his head up now and again, And other would-be prophets make a brief appearance, predicting
the demise of humankind. Perhaps this is all just a vestige of the hardships of early man – our attempt to recreate
the struggles of a past age, as life becomes more and more comfortable.
Mankind cannot live by contentment alone. And so, a world awash with anxieties and pessimism has been
created. Being optimistic is a struggle. But survival dictates that mankind remains ever sanguine.
161
Questions 1-5:
Choose one phrase (A-K) from the List of phrases to complete each Key point below. Write the appropriate letters
(A-K) in Boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
The information in the completed sentences should be an accurate summary of the points made by the writer.
NB. There are more phrases (A-K) than sentences, so you won't need to use them all. You may use each phrase
once only.
Key points
1. Newspaper headlines and TV or radio news bulletins 1.___________
2. Doom-mongers are popular, because people 2. ___________
3. Today, catastrophes 3. ___________
dy
4. To politicians, people’s Inclination for fear 4. ___________
u
5. The government 5. ___________
List of phrases
St
A. are not as threatening as In the past
an
B. tell the truth

ic
C. blame them
er
D. try to make us believe mistakenly that we are in a new era
E. calm people down

Am
F. are uncertain about the future
G. are less comfortable
H. are natural pessimists and worriers
I. are more Immediate
J. get what they want by deceiving the public
K. is something they can make use of
162
Questions 6-9
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet
6. The housing development example shows that people …
A. are not that easily deceived B like market research
C. lead their fears
D. are easy to delude
7. Which one of the following statements is true, according to the passage?
A. Market research uses people’s fears for their own good
B People are scared by market research techniques
C Market research techniques are used as a means of taking advantage of people’s fears
dy
D Market research makes people happy
u
8. The engines of genius are …
A properly harnessed
St
B the driving force behind success
an
C driven by feelings like fear

ic
D usually associated with failure

er
9. Continual success …
A makes people arrogant

Am
B worries people
C does not have any negative effects on people
D increases people’s self-esteem
163
Questions 10-13
Do the statements below agree with the information in Reading Passage 1?
In Boxes 10-13, write:
YES if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
NO if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about the statement in the passage
Example: Politicians pretend things are worse than they are. - Answer: YES.
10. The complex relationship between failure and success needs to be addressed carefully.
11. People perform certain rituals to try to avoid failure.
dy
12. Anxiety in daily life is what we want.
13. The writer believes that Nostradamus and certain other prophets are right about their predictions for the end
u
of the human race. St
Vocabulary:
an
● Erroneously adv. Một cách sai lầm ● Sanguine adj. Lạc quan
● Prophecy n. Lời tiên tri ● Demise n. Cái chết
● Apocalypse n. Tận thế, khải huyền ● Vestige n. Dấu tích
ic
● Demagogue n. Kẻ mị dân ● Ninny adj. Ngu đần, dại dột

er
● Contentment n. Sự bằng lòng ● Prophet n. Nhà tiên tri

● Status quo n. Nguyên trạng
Am
164
11.3
Book Review
The Happiness Industry: How the Government and Big Business Sold Us Well-Being
By William Davies
‘Happiness is the ultimate goal because it is self-evidently good. If we are asked why happiness matters we can
give no further external reason. It just obviously does matter.’ This pronouncement by Richard Layard, an
economist and advocate of ‘positive psychology’, summarizes the beliefs of many people today. For Layard and
others like him, it is obvious that the purpose of government is to promote a state of collective well-being. The
only question is how to achieve it, and here positive psychology – a supposed science that not only identifies
what makes people happy but also allows their happiness to be measured – can show the way. Equipped with
dy
this science, they say, governments can secure happiness in society in a way they never could in the past.
It is an astonishingly crude and simple-minded way of thinking, and for that very reason increasingly popular.
u
St
Those who think in this way are oblivious to the vast philosophical literature in which the meaning and value of
happiness have been explored and questioned, and write as if nothing of any importance had been thought on
an
the subject until it came to their attention. It was the philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) who was more
than anyone else responsible for the development of this way of thinking. For Bentham it was obvious that the
ic
human good consists of pleasure and the absence of pain. The Greek philosopher Aristotle may have identified
er
happiness with self-realization in the 4th century BC, and thinkers throughout the ages may have struggled to
Am
reconcile the pursuit of happiness with other human values, but for Bentham all this was mere metaphysics or
fiction. Without knowing much of him or the school of moral theory he established – since they are by
education and intellectual conviction illiterate in the history of ideas – our advocates of positive psychology
follow in his tracks in rejecting as outmoded and irrelevant pretty much the entirety of ethical reflection on
human happiness to date.
165
But as William Davies notes in his recent book The Happiness Industry, the view that happiness is the only
self-evident good is actually a way of limiting moral inquiry. One of the virtues of this rich, lucid and arresting
book is that it places the current cult of happiness in a well-defined historical framework. Rightly, Davies
discussed his story with Bentham, noting that he was far more than a philosopher. Davies writes, ‘Bentham’s
activities were those which we might now associate with a public sector management consultant’. In the 1790s,
he wrote to the Home Office suggesting that the departments of government be linked together through a set
of ‘conversation tubes’, and to the Bank of England with a design for a printing device that could produce
unforgeable banknotes. He drew up plans for a ‘frigidarium’ to keep provisions such as meat, fish, fruit and
vegetables fresh. His celebrated design for a prison to be known as a ‘Panopticon’, in which prisoners would be
dy
kept in solitary confinement while being visible at all times to the guards, was very nearly adopted.
(Surprisingly, Davies does not discuss the fact that Bentham meant his Panopticon not just as a model prison
u
but also as an instrument of control that could be applied to schools and factories.)
St
Bentham was also a pioneer of the ‘science of happiness’. If happiness is to be regarded as a science, it has to
an
be measured, and Bentham suggested two ways in which this might be done. Viewing happiness as a complex
of pleasurable sensations, he suggested that it might be quantified by measuring the human pulse rate.
ic
Alternatively, money could be used as the standard for quantification: if two different goods have the same
er
price, it can be claimed that they produce the same quantity of pleasure for the consumer. Bentham was more
Am
attracted by the latter measure. By associating money so closely to inner experience, Davies writes, Bentham
‘set the stage for the entangling of psychological research and capitalism that would shape the business
practices of the twentieth century’.
The Happiness Industry describes how the project of a science of happiness has become integral to capitalism.
We learn much that is interesting about how economic problems are being redefined and treated as
psychological maladies. In addition, Davies shows how the belief that inner pleasure and displeasure can be
objectively measured has informed management studies and advertising. The tendency of thinkers such as J B
Watson, the founder of behaviorism*, was that human beings could be shaped, or manipulated, by
policymakers and managers. Watson had no factual basis for his view of human action. When he became
president of the American Psychological Association in 1915, he ‘had never even studied a single human being’:
166
his research had been confined to experiments on white rats. Yet Watson’s reductive model is now widely
applied, with ‘behavior change’ becoming the goal of governments: in Britain, a ‘Behavior Insights Team’ has
been established by the government to study how people can be encouraged, at minimum cost to the public
purse, to live in what are considered to be socially desirable ways.
Modern industrial societies appear to need the possibility of ever-increasing happiness to motivate them in
their labors. But whatever its intellectual pedigree, the idea that governments should be responsible for
promoting happiness is always a threat to human freedom.
———————–
* ‘behaviorism’: a branch of psychology which is concerned with observable behavior
dy
Questions 27-29
u
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 27-29 on your answer sheet.
St
27 What is the reviewer’s attitude to advocates of positive psychology?
an
A. They are wrong to reject the ideas of Bentham.
B. They are over-influenced by their study of Bentham’s theories.

ic
C. They have a fresh new approach to ideas on human happiness.

er
D. They are ignorant about the ideas they should be considering.

Am
28 The reviewer refers to the Greek philosopher Aristotle in order to suggest that happiness
A. may not be just pleasure and the absence of pain.
B. should not be the main goal of humans.
C. is not something that should be fought for.
D. is not just an abstract concept.
167
29 According to Davies, Bentham’s suggestion for linking the price of goods to happiness was significant
because
A. It was the first successful way of assessing happiness.
B. It established a connection between work and psychology.
C. It was the first successful example of psychological research.
D. It involved consideration of the rights of consumers.
Questions 30-34
Complete the summary using the list of words A-G below.
dy
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 30-34 on your answer sheet.
Jeremy Bentham
u
Jeremy Bentham was active in other areas besides philosophy. In the 1970s he suggested a type of technology to
St
improve 30 ______________ for different Government departments. He developed a new way of printing banknotes
an
to increase 31______________ and also designed a method for the 32 ______________ of food. He also drew up plans
for a prison which allowed the 33 ______________. of prisoners at all times, and believed the same design could be
ic
used for other institutions as well. When researching happiness, he investigated possibilities for its 34
er
______________, and suggested some methods of doing this.

Am
A measurement
B security
C implementation
D profits
E observation
F communication
G preservation
168
Questions 35-40
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 35-40 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
35. One strength of The Happiness Industry is its discussion of the relationship between psychology and
economics.
dy
36. It is more difficult to measure some emotions than others.
37. Watson’s ideas on behaviorism were supported by research on humans he carried out before 1915.
u
38. Watson’s ideas have been most influential on governments outside America.
St
39. The need for happiness is linked to industrialisation.
an
40. A main aim of the government should be to increase the happiness of the population.
New Vocabulary
ic
● Economist n. Nhà kinh tế học ● Confine v. giới hạn

er
● Astonishingly adv. Một cách ● Pedigree n. Phả hệ

● Oblivious adj. Quên lãng ● Unforgeable adj. Không làm giả được
Am
● Moral adj. Đạo đức ● Cult n. Cúng tế, sự thờ phượng

● Inquiry n. Cuộc điều tra, sự tìm tòi ● Conviction n. Sự kết án, phán quyết
169
➢ Part 1 review
Question: Do you prefer X to Y?
Sample questions
● Do you prefer writing letters or sending emails?
● Do you prefer talking on the phone or chatting online?
● Do you prefer to travel by bike or on foot?
How to answer
1. State which one you prefer
2. Compare the two things the examiner mentions
dy
3. Give reasons and examples to explain why
Grammar point
u
1. Prefer + V-ing/to V
2. Comparatives of convenience or greater benefit

St
Practice
an
1. Do you prefer writing letters or sending emails?
2. Do you prefer talking on the phone or chatting online?

ic
3. Do you prefer to travel by bike or on foot?

er
Question: How often do you do X?
Sample question
Am
● How often do you read books?
● How often do visitors come to your home?
How to answer
● Say how frequently you do the activity the examiner asks you about
● Explain why you do it that frequently.
Grammar point
1. Use a range of different adverbs of frequency
2. Use a variety of adverbs of infrequency
170
Practice
● How often do you read books?
● How often do visitors come to your home?
● How often do you go out to dinner with friends?
➢ Part 2 review
Place monologue
Suggestions:
a. Work in pairs. Discuss the following question: What are the aspects we can talk about when describing places?
b. Then, fill in the table below with suitable words to talk about these aspects
dy
Location and size Ex: Downtown, lie in the heart of the city, …
1.
u
_____________________________________________________________________________________
St
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
an
_____________________________________________________________________________________
ic
Physical appearance Ex: Run-down, ancient, …
2.
er
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Am
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Life in that place Ex: fast-paced, busy,...
3.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
171
4.
_______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Related sentence patterns and vocabulary review
Fill in the gap with the correct word form of the verbs in the bracket:
- It’s a busy ________________ city located in the Northern part of Vietnam. (mountain)
- River running through makes it so ________________ and unique, especially at night, with its bright lights along the
dy
river banks and on the buildings. (attract)
- People in this city live a ________________ and fast-paced life as there is very keen competition for jobs. (stress)
u
- People are very ________________ and ready to treat you with one of their specialities (hospitability)
St
- People are quite ________________, willing to accept new ideas and cultures. (mind)
- The nightlife here is ________________ and you can find anything you want in this city, whether it’s pubs, tea
an
houses, discos, theaters, museums or cinemas. (stun)
- Speaking of Vung Tau as a tourist attraction, it is widely known for having stunning beaches along the coast and
ic
________________ mountain ranges, so you can make the most of your time while staying there. (spectacular)
er
- You will most likely find yourself surrounded by modern facilities such as gyms, cinemas, supermarkets, and
Am
convenient stores within ________________ distance. (walk)
- Apart from luxurious modernity, tradition is also part of the city’s identity with French ________________
architecture and heritage sites standing out in the heart of the city, which I hope would give you an interesting
sense of nostalgia. (colony)
172
Practice
Task card #1: Describe a school you have studied in
You should say:
- Where it was
- What it was like
- What you learned there
Follow-up questions:
1. Is it still the same today as it was when you were there?
dy
2. If you had another choice, would you choose the same school?
u
Vocabulary:
● Within walking distance: trong phạm vi đi bộ
(gần)
St ●
●
Enormous adj. to lớn, vĩ đại
Air conditioning system: hệ thống máy lạnh
● Surrounding buildings: các tòa nhà xung ● Pay a visit: ghé thăm
an
quanh ● Decoration and setup: trang trí và sắp đặt

● A sense of enjoyment: cảm giác vui thích ● Stand out: nổi bật
ic
● Flowering plant: cây cỏ ● Creative adj. Sáng tạo

er

Am
Your school
173
Task card #2: Describe a modern building/landmark in your hometown
You should say:
- Where it is located
- What it looks like
- What it is used for
And explain why you like/dislike it
Part 3 questions:
1. What is the most important for a public building: design, location or facilities?
2. Do you think the appearance of a building is important?
dy
Vocabulary:
u
● Symbolic adj. mang tính biểu tượng ● Panoramic adj. mang tính toàn cảnh
● Cutting-edge technology: công nghệ hiện đại, St ● Go on a shopping spree (phrase) mua sắm thả
tiên tiến ga
● Set somebody/something apart (phrase): làm ● In this day and age (phrase) ở thời đại ngày nay
an
ai đó/cái gì đó nổi bật hơn đối tượng khác ● State-of-the-art adj. hiện đại
● One-of-a-kind adj. độc nhất vô nhị ● Renowned adj. nổi tiếng
ic
● Unmistakable adj. không lẫn vào đâu được ● It is….that matters (phrase): […] mới là điều
● On a daily basis (phrase) hàng ngày quan trọng
er
● A feast for the eyes (phrase) rất hấp dẫn, thỏa ● Appeal to (phrase) hấp dẫn
mãn thị giác ● From afar: từ xa
Am
Your school
174
Vocabulary Discovery: Chocolate

➢ New words:
● To be addicted to sth v. bị nghiện
● All-time adj. Mọi lúc
● Flavor n. Hương vị
● Bitter adj. Đắng
● Pricey adj. Mắc tiền
● Dark chocolate n. Socola đen/đắng
● Hand-made adj. Làm bằng thay/thủ công
● Over the moon/on cloud nine/deliriously happy (idiom): vui sướng vô cùng
● To have a sweeth tooth: thích đồ ngọt
● Decompress v. giải tỏa
● Moreish = delicious adj. ngon
dy
● Consumption n. Sự tiêu thụ
● Antioxidant n. Chất chống oxy hóa (như vitamin C hay E)
u
● Rich in taste: giàu hương vị
●
●
Rich adj. Ngậy
A staple food n. Đồ ăn cơ bản, phổ biến
St
● To be incorporated into: kết hợp vào cái gì đó
an
● Chocolatey/chocolate-flavored adj. Có vị hoặc mùi như sô cô la

● All the rage (idiom): phổ biến, hot
ic
● Practice:
er
Work in pairs. Practice ask and answer the following Speaking part 1 questions
1. What is your favorite flavor?

Am
=> suggested answer: Well, I gotta go with dark/white/… chocolate because I find the … variety is … By contrast, …
chocolate has a really sophisticated flavor, has a really nice balance between bitterness and richness.
2. How often do you eat chocolate?
=> suggested answer: Not really often because chocolate is not really a staple food in Vietnam,it’s sort of like a treat
on special occasions. For example, …
3. When was the first time you ate chocolate?
=> suggested answer: to the best of my recollection/if my memory serves me right, it was … years ago when I ate
chocolate for the first time. The …-year-old me was … (talk about how you felt) when eating something that … . Now
that my taste has changed though, I still enjoy having some … chocolate after working hard all day long/…
175
4. Is chocolate popular in your country?
=> suggested answer: Vietnamese people are generally crazy about chocolate and sugary products in general. I mean
when you go to supermarkets, you can easily find thousands and thousands of …. (give example)
5. Do you think people use chocolate differently now than in the past?
=> suggested answer: well I gotta say that we do consume chocolate in vastly different ways compared to the past.
For example, before, we just …. But now, chocolate is incorporated into … For example, chocolate … and … are all the
rage in Vietnam right now.
6. Have you ever given chocolate as a present to someone? Why?
=> suggested answer: Yes. The sweetness/impressive packaging/… of chocolate makes it a common present that
dy
people choose to give their beloved ones on special days. I once …. on … day. [How did the receiver react to your
present?]
u
St
an
ic
er
Am
176
UNIT 12
Vocabulary Discovery: Advertisement/ Marketing
➢ New words
● Customer n. Khách hàng (mua sản phẩm của công ty)
● Client n. Khách hàng (sử dụng một dịch vụ nào đó của công ty)
● Campaign n. Chiến dịch
● Agency n. Công ty
● Brand n. Nhãn hiệu, nhãn hàng
dy
● Market n. Thị trường
● Product n. Sản phẩm
u
● Purchase v. Mua
● Purchaser n. Người mua
St
● Promotion n. Khuyến mãi
an
● Loyalty n. Độ trung thành

● Junk mail n. Tờ rơi quảng cáo, thư rác
ic
● Mass media n. Phương tiện thông tin đại chúng như TV, báo, v.v
er
● Prime time n. Giờ vàng trong phát thanh, truyền hình (khung giờ có nhiều người xem/nghe nhất)
Am
● Commercial adj mang tính thương mại

● E-commerce n. Thương mại điện tử
177
➢ Collocation
What is marketing
The marketing expert
Marketing is the process of studying and defining the needs of target customers as well as promoting
products to fulfill those needs. For example, if your company produces ice cream, you need to learn as
much as you can about consumer demands and preferences (what flavors do they like? What size pack
do they prefer?)
How do companies find out about their customers?
Companies conduct/carry out market research. They may do this through questionnaires, surveys or
1
focus groups .
dy
What do companies need to know about their What do companies do with this information?
customers?
Companies will use the information to make
u
They want to find out about consumer behavior
St decisions about product development and
and buying habits - for example, where do they
design. It also helps them to look at market
shop and what do they buy? They may also want 5
segmentation so that they can target certain
an
2
to find out the age and income bracket of their
areas of the market or certain types of
customers. This helps them to create a
consumers. It also helps companies to know what
ic
demographic profile of a typical customer.

their own market share is.
er
Building up a picture of the customer is all part of

4
customer relationship management (CRM).
Am
1. A group of potential customers who give 3. Information such as the age, gender and
their opinions about a product, brand, occupation of a group of people
packaging, etc. 4. The strategies that companies use to
2. A section of the population classified analyzed and manage their contact with
according to their level of income customers
5. The way the market is divided into
different consumer groups and the
differences between them
178
Getting the message across
What makes a successful marketing campaign? What’s the best way to reach the target audience?
Justine Blake, Head of Marketing for a major fashion retailer, explains more:
‘We use a number of different ways to communicate with our customers. There are the more traditional
1
channels like TV and billboard advertising, as well as product placement . But these days we’re also doing
2
much more guerrilla marketing . For example, in one recent campaign we installed special “mirrors” on
bus shelters that showed people what they would look like wearing some of our latest designs.
‘We have our own in-house marketing team but we also use an advertising agency which specializes in
dy
3
that type of work. Our brand identity is very important and one of our aims is to build brand
4
awareness . We want customers to feel confident about the quality of our clothing and so increase
u
customer satisfaction and loyalty. St
‘Our latest online campaign featured a video about a young girl and her grandmother going clothes
5
shopping together. It was a lovely story about having positive role models. It went viral and was shared
an
6 7
on social media all over the world! Of course, the more free airtime or press coverage we can get, the
8
better. In the fashion world, celebrity endorsement can also have a huge impact.
ic
9
‘Ultimately, we want to engage with our customers and bring them the best products we can.’
er
1. A company pays for their product to be 5. Become very popular through social media
Am
featured in a film 6. Time featured on e.g TV, without payment
2. A company promotes their products in an 7. Reporting in the press
unconventional way, often on a low budget 8. A famous person is paid to promote a
3. How a business wants to be seen by its product
customers 9. Communicate with customers
4. Increase knowledge of a brand among
potential customers
179
➢ Practice
12.1 Prepare notes for topic below

What are the advantages and disadvantages of advertising?
u dy
St
an
12.2 Write your essay about the following topic
Advertisements are becoming more and more common in everyday life.

ic
Is it a positive or negative development?

er
Am
180
12.3 Reading
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
A. ‘Consumer behavior’ is the behavior that consumers display in seeking, purchasing, using, evaluating and
disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their personal needs. The study of consumer
behavior is the study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (money, time and
effort) on products and services. Consumer behavior includes both mental decisions and the physical actions
that result from those decisions. Although some social scientists limit their understanding of ‘behavior’ to
observable actions, it is apparent that the reasons and decisions behind the actions involved in human (and
consumer) behavior are as important to investigate as the actions themselves.
B. People engage in activities for many purposes other than consumption but, when acting as a customer,
dy
individuals have just one goal in mind – to obtain goods and services that meet their needs and wants. All
consumers face varying problems associated with acquiring products to sustain life and provide for some
u
comforts. Because solutions to these problems are vital to the existence of most people, and the economic
St
well-being of all, they are usually not taken lightly. The process is complex, as choices must be made
regarding what, why, how, when, where and how often to buy an item.
an
C. Take, for instance, the product bottled water – a multimillion-dollar industry. A study of consumption
behavior in this area would investigate what kinds of consumers buy bottled water, and why, when and
ic
where they buy it. The study might find that, among some consumers, the growing use of bottled water is
er
tied to concerns with fitness; and, among others, with the quality of tap water. It might find that domestic
brands have a totally different image from imported brands, and that the reasons and occasions for usage
Am
vary among consumers. By contrast, a more durable product such as a document scanner would have a very
different target market. What kinds of consumers buy, or would buy, a scanner for home use? What features
do they look for? How much are they willing to pay? How many will wait for prices to come down? The
answers to these questions can be found through consumer research, and would provide scanner
manufacturers with important input for product design modification and marketing strategy.
D. The word ‘consumer’ is often used to describe two different kinds of consuming entities; the personal
consumer and the organizational consumer. The personal consumer buys goods and services for his or her
own use (e.g. shaving cream), for the use of the whole household (television set), for another member of the
household (a shirt or electronic game) or as a gift for a friend (a book). In all these contexts, the goods are
bought for final use by individuals who are referred to as ‘end-users’ or ‘ultimate consumers’.
181
E. The second category of consumer includes profit and non-profit businesses, public sector agencies (local
and national) and institutions (schools, churches, prisons), all of which buy products, equipment and services
in order to run their organizations. Manufacturing companies must buy the raw materials and other
components to manufacture and sell their products; service companies must buy the equipment necessary
to render the services they sell; government agencies buy the office products needed to operate agencies;
institutions must buy the materials they need to maintain themselves and their populations.
F. The person who purchases a product is not always the sole user of the product. Nor is the purchaser
necessarily the person who makes the decision or pays for the product. Thus the marketplace activities of
individuals entail three functions, or roles, as part of the processes involved in consumer behavior. The three
functions are the consumer, the person who consumes or uses the product or service; the purchaser, the
dy
person who undertakes the activities to obtain the product or service; and the payer, the person who
provides the money or other object of value to obtain the product or service. Marketers must decide whom
u
to direct their marketing efforts toward. For some products or services, they must identify the person who is
St
most likely to influence the decision. Some marketers believe that the buyer of the products is the best
prospect, others believe it is the user of the product, while still others play it safe by directing their
an
promotional efforts to both buyers and users. For example, some toy manufacturers advertise their products
on children’s television shows to reach the users, others advertise in magazines to reach the buyers, and
ic
others run dual campaigns designed to reach both children and their parents.
er
G. In addition to studying how consumers use the products they buy, consumer researchers are also
interested in how individuals dispose of their once-new purchases when they are finished with them. The
Am
answer to this question is important to marketers, as they must match production to the frequency with
which consumers buy replacements. It is also important to society as a whole, as solid waste disposal has
become a major environmental problem that marketers must address in their development of products and
packaging. Recycling is no longer a sufficient response to the problem. Many manufacturers have begun to
remanufacture old components to install in new products, because remanufacturing is often cheaper, easier
and more efficient than recycling.
182
Questions 14–18
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A–G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A–G, in boxes 14–18 on your answer sheet.
14. a description of the organizational consumer
15. the reason why customers take purchasing decisions seriously
16. reference to a way of reusing materials
17. ways of exposing products to a range of potential customers
18. a term used to describe someone who buys for the family
dy
Questions 19–22
u
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
St
Write your answers in boxes 19–22 on your answer sheet.
an
Market research
Market research carried out on non-durable products like 19. _______ aims to find out who buys these goods
ic
and why. Researchers look at what motivates buyers, such as issues of personal 20. _______ or environmental
er
factors. They may discover that 21. _______ are viewed differently from a local product.
Alternatively, research on durable, manufactured goods is likely to focus more on pricing, and the results may
Am
help suggest appropriate changes to the 22. _______ of the product, as well as showing how best to market it.
183
Questions 23–26
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Marketplace activities involve:
● consumer
● 23. _______
● payer
u dy
Researchers study:
St
an
● patterns of consumer usage
● methods of 25. ______________

ic
● product replacement frequency

er
Remanufacture is replacing 26. ______________

Am
184
IELTS Task: Listening Practice
➢ Section 1 - Form Filling:
🎧12.4
Questions 1-10
Questions 1-4
Complete the schedule below
Example: Globetrotters Language School

Class Schedule
Chinese
dy
Level: Advanced
Days: 1. __________ evenings
u
Japanese
St
Level: 2. __________
an
Days: Tuesday and Thursday mornings

ic
Level: 3. __________
er
Days: Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings

Am
French
Level: Intermediate
Days: Friday 4. __________
185
Questions 5-8
Complete the information below
Write NO MORE THAN ONE NUMBER for each answer
Tuition information
One week 5. $____________________
Four weeks 6. $____________________
Six weeks 7. $____________________
Twelve weeks 8. $____________________
dy
🎧 12.5
u
Questions 1-10 St
Questions 1-5
Complete the details in the form below
an
Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
ic
Z-Mobile Services
er
Incident Report Sheet
Example Answer
Am
Postcode CN21EB
Mobile phone number 078901____________570
Name 2. ____________Green
Crime Reference Number CZ-3. ____________ - 5
4. ____________ Mobile Not known
Equipment
Identity (IMEI) number 1-2pm, 16 5. ____________
Time, date of theft
186
Questions 6-10
6. The caller’s phone was stolen
A. when he went to the toilet
B. from the table
C. from his pocket
7. The caller will have to pay a charge
A. for a new phone
B. if his phone is stolen again
C. in 12 months’ time
dy
8. The delivery address is
A. 34 Solent Gardens
u
B. 34 Solent House St
C. 34 Solen Grove
an
9. The caller’s IMEI number
A. can be found on the side of the phone battery

ic
B. is made up of 15 digits
er
C. cannot be found
Am
10. The operator
A. transfers the caller to a colleague
B. will ring the caller back the next day
C. asks the caller to ring back
187
🎧 12.6
Questions 1-10
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER for each answer
Example
The woman was getting something for lunch when the accident happened
Accident report
Time of accident: 1. _____________________
Driver failed to stop at the junction of Monks Road and High Street
dy
There were 2. _____________________ people in the car, all around 20 years old
The car hit a woman on her 3. _____________________
u
The car was last seen heading towards the 4. _____________________
St
The 5. _____________________ at the junction are out of order
The car may have been a red Ford Fiesta. One of the car doors is 6. _____________________
an
Registration number: Y48 7. _____________________
Witness name: Rita 8. _____________________

ic
Telephone number: 0232 566788

er
Mobile number: 10. 07834 _____________________

Am
188
➢ Section 3 - Multiple Choice:
🎧 12.7
Questions 21-30
Questions 21-25
21. Kevin has lectures
A. three days a week
B. on Wednesdays
C. four days a week
22. What does Kevin say about going home?
dy
A. He last went home in September
u
B. It is too expensive to travel by train
C. He has been back home once

St
23. Kevin thinks living in halls of residence
an
A. is cheaper than renting a house

ic
B. is a good way of getting to know people

er
C. means it is difficult to use the kitchen
24. Kevin joined the Spanish Society because

Am
A. he wanted to learn how to cook
B. someone told him it was good
C. he knows people who are members
25. The tutor says it is important for students to structure their time because
A. they have more independence at university
B. they have too much free time
C. it is the best way to get top grades in their work
189
Questions 26-30
Complete the sentences below
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER for each answer
Writing Tutorial Service
Get feedback on your academic writing skills!
Send us a piece of work along with a completed 26. ________________________
The team may not be familiar with your subject, so try one of the general 27. ________________________
you will find on our webpage.
When applying for a tutorial, tell us when you are 28. ________________________
We usually arrange to see you within 29. ________________________ of receiving your application.
Under normal circumstances, students will be able to meet the team once every 30.
dy
________________________
u
🎧 12.8
St
Questions 21-30
an
Questions 21-23
What does Judy say about the following courses?
ic
Write the correct letter, A, B or C next to Questions 21-23

er
A. She transferred from this course
B. She transferred to this course

Am
C. Her transfer request was turned down for this course
21. Fine Art
22. History of Art
23. English
190
Questions 24-26
Choose THREE letters, A-G
Which THREE reasons does Graham give for wanting to transfer?
A. The German course is too difficult
B. He does not like the people he is studying with
C. He has more interest in history
D. He plans to do a combined degree
E. It suits his career plans
F. He is not bothered that he will not spend a year abroad
G. His housemate has persuaded him to transfer
dy
Questions 27-30
u
Complete the sentences below St
Transferring to another course at the university

an
Step 1: Identify your reasons for wanting to transfer
Step 2: Check that you satisfy the 27. ____________________ for the new course
ic
Step 3: Speak with the Career Service

er
Step 4: Find out if there are any 28. ____________________ implications
Step 5: Speak to the Admissions Tutor in the department you want to transfer to
Am
Step 6: Complete a(n) 29. ____________________ form
Please note: the form must also be signed by the 30. ____________________ of your current course and the one
you are transferring to
191
🎧 12.9
Questions 31-40
Complete the lecture notes below
Pygmy Blue Whale Research
• Pygmy blue whales: Before 1966 it is likely they were 31. ______________ with the Antarctic blue whales.
• Aim of study: To find out more about their 32. ______________ and movements.
• Method: Whales are tagged with an antenna. When the antenna communicates with a number of satellites,
the whale's 33. ______________ can be identified.
Researchers access the results using the project 34. ______________
dy
• Findings: The whales travel from the 35. ______________ of Australia
to breeding grounds in Indonesia during March and April, and return to Australian
u
waters in 36. ______________Pygmy whales do not go without 37. ______________ whilst they are in their breeding
grounds.
St
• Conservation issues: The effect of 38. ______________ routes on communication between whales.
an
Conservation efforts can take place over a(n) 39. ______________ area now there is evidence that they migrate
out of Australian waters.

ic
• Future studies: To explore whether pygmy whales off the southern coast of Australia follow the same
er
northerly migratory routes as those studied or whether they travel to a(n) 40. ______________ region to the
south of Australia.
Am
192
➢ Post-listening activities:
12.10 Here is a list of some common IELTS Listening Part 3 vocabulary. Match the words in Column A with
its definition in Column B
A. B.
presentation the first part of a book or speech that gives a general idea of what is to follow
introduction a description of the main facts or points involved in something
outline a piece of work involving careful study of a subject over a period of time, done by
school or college students
dy
project a meeting at which something, especially a new product or idea, or piece of work, is
u
shown to a group of people
research
St
the activity of working well together as a team
an
organization facts or information, especially when examined and used to find out things or to
make decisions
ic
teamwork an academic article about a particular subject that is written by and for specialists
er
pairs a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information
Am
about it
paper two people
data the way in which the different parts of something are arranged
193
UNIT 13
IELTS Task: Writing - Task 1: Line graph/ Bar chart/ Pie chart/ Table
13.1 Bar chart
The chart below gives information on the percentage of British people giving money to charity by age
range for the years 1990 and 2010.
u dy
St
an
ic
Outline
er
Introduction
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Am
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Body
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
194
13.2 Line graph
The chart shows the changes that took place in three different areas of crime in Newport city center
from 2003 to 2012.
u dy
St
an
Outline
Introduction
ic
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
er
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Am
Body
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
195
13.3 Pie chart
The pie charts below show the comparison of different kinds of energy production of France in two
years
u dy
St
an
Outline
Introduction
ic
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
er
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Am
Body
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
196
13.4 Table
The table below describes the number of employees and factories in England and Wales from 1851 to
1901.
u dy
Outline St
Introduction
an
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ic
Body
er
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Am
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
197
➢ Part 1 - Review:
Question: Is X suitable for (types of people)?
Answer order
1. Say whether X is suitable or not
2. Give reasons and examples
Grammar point
1. Use appropriateness expressions
2. Use safety and risk expressions
dy
3. Use adjectives and expressions of conditions and benefits
Practice
u
13.5 Match the activities/actions with their potential risks
St
1. Being too direct and honest can… A. … lead to heavy pollution in summer
an
months
2. Trusting people too much… B. … be detrimental to your health if you do

ic
it in excess
er
3. Doing vigorous sports can… C. … can lead to being tricked
4. Drinking too much beer might… D. … cause you muscle injuries if you are
Am
not careful
5. Increasing traffic on inner-city roads is likely to… E. … sometimes hurt people’s feelings
198
13.6 Match the conditions with their benefits
1. If done in moderation, drinking alcohol can be…
2. If a person is responsible and careful, …
3. If done under supervision, contact sports…
4. Skiing can be a fun and safe sport…
5. If we don’t do it in excess, then eat lots of cakes and chocolates…
A. … if we make sure we don’t take unnecessary risks in the beginning
B. … a good way to lower inhibitions and get to know people in social settings
C. … can be good for us and give us boosts of energy during the day
dy
D. … then living alone away from home at an early age can be a constructive experience
E. … can be very good at building teamwork skills in young people
u
St
13.7 Work in pairs. Practice ask and answer the following questions
an
1. Is riding a bike suitable for elderly people?
2. Are all sports suitable for people of all ages?

ic
3. Are computers suitable for young children?

er
Am
Question: How important is X?
Answer order:
● Say whether X is important or not
● Say how important X is
● Say why it is important or unimportant
Grammar point:
● Use adverbs/adjective or adv with verb to express of importance
● Use positive expression
● Use some adjectives of feeling and negative feeling
199
Practice
13.8
Work in pairs. Discuss with your friends about the importance of the following aspects to you
Tick in the box and give an explanation for your answer.
Very important So-so Not important
Learning English
Having good friends
Studying abroad
dy
Dressing nicely
u
Having a lot of money St
Have a smartphone
an
13.9
ic
Work in pairs. Ask and answer the following questions

er
1. Is healthy eating important?

Am
2. Do you think it is important for children to play a musical instrument?
3. Is it important to have a hobby?
4. How important is the Internet to you?
5. How important are clothes and fashion to you?
6. How important is it to have a good sleep?
7. How important is punctuality to business and in the workplace?
8. How important is music for people in your country?
200
➢ Part 2 - Person Monologue Review
Task card #1: Describe a person who you have met and want to know more about
You should say:
● Who this person is
● How you know this person
● What you did or talked about
And tell how you feel about this person
Vocabulary:
● Horrendous adj. Kinh khủng, khủng khiếp ● Build up an inseparable friendship: xây
● Let my hair down (idiom): cho bản thân dựng một tình bạn không thể tách lìa
dy
thư giãn, vui vẻ ● From the first glance: thoạt nhìn ban đầu
● Spectacular adj. Đẹp mắt, ngoạn mục ● Let his guard down: trở nên dễ gần
u
● Impeccable adj. Hoàn hảo, không chê vào ● Happy-go-lucky adj. Người vui vẻ, ít phiền
đâu được St não
● Expressive adj. Giàu biểu cảm ● Carefree adj. Vô tư
● Loquacious adj. Ríu rít như chim ● Witty personality n. Tính cách hài hước
● Have a stiff upper lip: người ít nói, cậy môi ● Sarcasm n. Sự châm biếm
an
cũng không nói ● Captivate v. cuốn hút, thu hút

● Chatty adj. Ưa trò chuyện ● Feel down in the dumps: cảm thấy mọi thứ
ic
● Charming adj. Cuốn hút sụp đổ

● Eternally adv. Mãi mãi
er
● Thankful adj. Biết ơn

● Hit it off the first time: cảm thấy hợp ý
nhau ngay từ lần đầu gặp
Am
Brainstorm your ideas and make a note
person who you
have met and
want to know
more about
201
Task card #2: Describe an old friend that you made a contact with again after a long time
You should say:
● Who he or she is
● What he or she is like
● How you got in contact
Vocabulary:
● For donkey’s years: một khoảng thời gian dài ● get on like a house on fire: Hợp cạ nhau và
● Gorgeous adj. xinh đẹp, lộng lẫy nhanh chóng trở thành bạn bè
● Lose touch with someone: mất liên lạc với ai ● setback n. sự trở ngại, khó khăn
dy
đó ● emotional support: giúp đỡ về tinh thần
● Have a lot in common: có nhiều điểm chung ● linger v. nán lại
u
● Hardly ever fell out: chưa từng tranh cãi hay ● walk sb through: hướng dẫn ai đó từng bước
bất hòa St một
● See eyes to eyes: đồng quan điểm ● give sb a hand: giúp đỡ ai đó
● Hectic schedule: lịch trình bận rộn ● stand by sb: ở bên cạnh ai đó
an
● Bumped into: bắt gặp một cách tình cờ ● strong bond: mối quan hệ bền chặt
● Burst into tear: bật khóc ● keep each other in a loop: thông báo, nói cho
ic
● take sth for granted: coi cái gì đó là điều hiển ai về tất cả mọi thứ liên quan đến chủ đề nào
nhiên. đó
er
● strike up a conversation: bắt chuyện

Am
old friend that
you made a
contact with
again after a
long time
202
Task card #3: Describe a person who once moved to live with you
You should say:
● When and where this person moved in
● How you know - his person
● How you got along with this person
And explain how you feel about living with this person
Vocabulary:
● Rent v. thuê ● Tenant n/v. Người thuê/thuê, mướn
● Economical adj. Kinh tế, tiết kiệm ● Neat adj. Sạch sẽ, ngăn nắp
● Meager income n. Lương thấp ● Socialize v. hòa nhập với xã hội
dy
● Afford v. đủ tiền chi trả ● Extrovert adj. Hướng ngoại
● Buddy n. Bạn thân ● Involve in v. tham gia vào
● Knee-high to a grasshopper: ● Dreadful adj. Dễ sợ, khủng khiếp
u
● Close-knit adj. Gắn bó với nhau ● Necessities n. Những đồ dùng cần thiết
● A match made in heaven: hai người hoàn
toàn tâm đầu ý hợp
St ● Get along well with: có quan hệ tốt với ai
đó
an
a person who
ic
once moved to
er
live with you

Am
203
Vocabulary Discovery: Topic Patience
➢ New words:
● Rational adj. Lý trí
● Persevere v. kiên trì
● Hear sb out: nghe ai đó giải thích
● Attributes n. Đặc điểm, phẩm chất
● Keep somebody’s cool: giữ bình tĩnh
● Lose my cool: mất bình tĩnh
● Awaken s/o impatience: đánh thức sự thiếu kiên nhẫn của ai đó
● Cranky adj. Cáu kỉnh
● Obedient adj. Vâng lời
● Frustrated adj. Bực bội
dy
● Case by case: tùy trường hợp
● Irritated adj. Khó chịu
u
● Rile up: làm ai tức điên
● Stress sb out: làm ai mệt mỏi, áp lực St
● Obstacle n. Trở ngại
● Making a scene: làm to chuyện
an
● Tolerate v. cho qua
● Impulsive adj. Bốc đồng
● Get on somebody’s nerves: khiến ai đó phát điên
ic
● Trigger v. kích hoạt, gây nên

er
● Mind v. để ý, chú ý => I don’t mind doing sth: tôi không phiền
● Offend v. xúc phạm
Am
● Get mad v. nổi giận

● Chew sb out: mắng mỏ ai đó để họ thấy rằng bạn không đồng ý với điều mà họ vừa làm
● Virtue n. Đức hạnh
● Cut in line: chen hàng
● Give up phr v. từ bỏ
● Remain calm: giữ bình tĩnh
● Certain adj. Nhất định
● Yell at s/o v. la hét ai đó
● Excuse n. Cớ
● Ignorance n. Sự thiếu kiến thức, dốt nát
● Reciprocate v. đáp lại
● Give s/o a piece of my mind (phrase): tỏ rõ ý kiến, nói với thái độ tức giận khi người khác mắc lỗi
● Hit a plateau (phrase): bước vào giai đoạn bị chững lại, không có thay đổi hay phát triển gì tiếp theo
● Nurture v. Nuôi dưỡng
204
● Mantra n. Thần chú

● Ease v. xoa dịu
● Composure n. Giữ bình tĩnh, sự điềm tĩnh
● Courtesy n. Sự lịch sự
● Indicator v. chỉ báo, chỉ thị, dấu hiệu
● Tick me off: chọc giận tôi
➢ Practice:
1. Would you say that you’re a patient person?
=> suggested answer:
Yes, for the most part, I’d like to think of myself/I would consider myself as a patient person, in the sense that I don’t
mind …
dy
2. Is being patient a part of being polite?
u
It definitely is. I think patience is one of the key attributes of a polite person. [Give explanation on how you define
St
politeness] The way I see it, a polite person is someone who is not … If you …, I don’t think you qualify as a polite
person.
an
Well, I think patience is an indicator of courtesy…
3. Why should people be patient?

ic

er
Well, patience is a virtue, as the saying goes and for good reasons. In my experience, if you are patient with someone
and willing to …., … Patience is also key to/when it comes to … If you want to succeed, you gotta be able to …Those
Am
who are impulsive, on the other hand, …
4. Have you ever lost your patience?
Well, I’m not a saint, so I’ve definitely lost my cool …. . For example, … Or sometimes, when …., it really tests my
patience too. / Without a doubt there have certainly been times when I lost my composure, for example, there
was one time that I…
205
UNIT 14
IELTS Task: Writing Task 1: Process/ Map
➢ Basic Rules for writing about a process
● Look at the diagram carefully and decide what the most important steps are
● Write a well-organized overview by describing the: number of stages, listing the first and last stages
● Mention all the steps in the process in your response, although you can omit minor details
● To extend and improve your answer, you can describe what happens in a stage, and then add some extra details
or explain why it happens
dy
● You need to join the stages together in different ways
u
● When you write about a process, one of the main tenses you need is the present simple passive. You make it
with: object + to be + past participle of the verb

St
Use an active verb for natural processes and use a passive for processes where who does the action is not
an
●
important and the stages of producing something.

ic
Complete this table of common irregular past participles

er
Verb Past participle Verb Past participle

Am
grow 1. grown hold 6. …
sow 2. … grind 7. …
sell 3. … put 8. …
take 4. … cut 9. …
wrap 5. … weave 10. …
206
➢ Practice
14.1
The diagram below shows the process of making potato crisps

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
u dy
St
an
ic
er
Am
Basic Rules for writing about a map
● Look at the maps or plans carefully and note the most important features and changes
● Write a short overview to describe what has happened to the town in general
● When you write about changes between a time in the past and now, the main tense is the present perfect
passive. However, take place, change and make way for can’t be passive
Instead of using a verb like demolish (e.g. The old market has been demolished), you can use a noun phrase.
207
Write these verbs in the correct column of the table below
Make bigger Take away Add something new Change into General statements
something else about changes
enlarge cut down build convert industrialize
➢ Practice:
dy
14.2
u
The maps below show the village of Stokeford in 1930 and 2010.
St
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
an
ic
er
Am
208
IELTS Task: Listening - Practice
Section 2: Map Labeling
🎧14.3
A. Listen to extracts from the four sections of the Listening test. Complete the first column in the table by
choosing the correct letter (A,B or C)
landmark(s) locating words/phrases
1 Where is the gift shop? lifts - The entrance is __________________
- Then go __________________
- The shop you want is
dy
__________________
- __________________ lifts
u
St
2 Where can you buy stamps? - In __________________ resort, you’ll
an
see a __________________
- __________________ courtyard, you’ll

ic
find a …
er
- It’s just __________________ tree

Am
3 What is the proposed location of the new bridge? - I was thinking of putting it
- I think it would be better if it’s
__________________ motorway
209
4 Where is the ideal habitat for the Traviston Frog? - … it is unable to live in
__________________ of a pond
- … it does need to live in
__________________ to water
- … in a tiny burrow bushes
B. Then listen again and complete the table. Write down the landmarks mentioned and filled in the gaps in the
phrases that help you to locate the correct answer.
dy
🎧 14.4
u
Listen and decide which diagram (A, B or C) shows the directions described by the speaker
St
an
ic
er
A.
Am
B.
210
C.
Listen again and make a note of any words or phrases that are used to give directions
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
dy
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
u
St
an
ic
er
Am
211
🎧 14.5
Listen and label the map with the correct letter (A-F)
Questions 1-4
Label the map below
Choose the correct letter A-F and write the answers next to questions 1-4
A. farm animals D. picnic area
B. fresh bread E. second - hand book stall
C. ticket booth F. cookery shows
Brookside Market
u dy
St
an
ic
er
Am
212
Vocabulary for MAP LABELING:

● at the top of: phía trên của ● hold a limited number of cars: giữ số lượng xe
● tower n. tòa tháp giới hạn
● direction n. hướng ● specially-created water features: những đặc
● indoor arena: khu thi đấu trong nhà điểm được thiết kế đặc biệt (quanh các khu có
● gymnastics n. thể dục, thể thao nước)
● stadium n. sân vận động ● circular ornamental pond: hồ nước hình tròn
● track and field: đường đua và sân (để chơi thể được trang trí đẹp mắt
thao) ● bench n. băng ghế (ngoài công viên)
● synchronised swimming: bơi nghệ thuật (bơi ● island n. hòn đảo
xếp hình) ● hire v. thuê
● diving n. môn lặn ● rowing boats at the boat shed: thuyền tại bến
● look down: nhìn xuống thuyền
dy
● train line: đường xe lửa ● climb down: chèo xuống
● nature reserve: khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên
u
● wetland n. vùng ngập nước
● give directions: chỉ đường ●
St roundabout: vùng binh, vòng xoay
● leave the main building: rời khỏi tòa nhà chính ● cross the bridge// go over the bridge: băng
● path: con đường qua cầu
an
● take the right-hand path: rẽ vào đường bên ● go towards…: đi hướng về phía nào
phải ● bendv. uốn vòng, uốn cong
● on the left// on the right: bên trái// bên phải ● walk/ go along…: đi dọc theo…
ic
● opposite…// face…: đối diện… ● at the top of…// at the bottom of…: phía
er
● go past// walk past…: đi ngang qua… trên…// dưới phía…

● at the crossroads: tại ngã tư ● in front of…: phía trước…
Am
● turn left// turn right: rẽ trái// rẽ phải ● behind = at the back of….: phía sau…
● take the first left// take the first right: rẽ trái ● before you get to…// before you come to…:
tại ngã rẽ thứ nhất// rẽ phải tại ngã rẽ thứ trước khi bạn đi tới…
nhất ● in the middle of…/ in the centre of…: ở
● take the second left/ take the second right: rẽ giữa…// ở trung tâm…
trái tại ngã rẽ thứ hai// rẽ phải tại ngã rẽ thứ ● to be surrounded by…: được bao quanh bởi…
hai ● at the end of the path: phía cuối con đường
● on the corner: trong góc ● the main road: tuyến đường bộ chính
● next to: kế bên ● the railway line: tuyến đường xe lửa
● go straight: đi thẳng ● run through…: chạy xuyên qua
● entrance: lối ra vào ● walk through…: đi xuyên qua
● traffic lights: đèn giao thông ● go upstairs// go downstairs: đi lên lầu// đi
● east/ west/ south/ north: đông/ tây/ nam/ xuống lầu
bắc
213
Section 4: Lecture Filing
Action plan reminder:
- Read the instructions carefully to see how many words you can write
- Look at the layout of the task e.g. bullet points or continuous notes
- Read the notes and decide what the topic is
- Try to re-phrase and notes to form a question in your own words for each gap
- Underline or highlight the key words around each gap and use these to help you listen for the answer
- Note whether there is more than one gap for any of the questions
- As you listen, complete the notes
dy
🎧 14.6
String of human DNA
u
- approximately three feet long St
- looks like a 5. __________
an
- includes between 50,000 and 100,000 genes
Complete set known as the human genome

ic
Is very similar to many 6. __________ and __________

er
🎧 14.7
Questions 7-9
Am

Lonely planet
- head office located in 7. ___________ but branches worldwide
- uses a variety of 8. ___________ to be competitive
E.g. - tracking customers
- allowing name to be used by a 9. ___________
214
🎧 14.8
You will hear a talk about early development in children. Listen and complete the table below. Write NO
MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer
Stage Social and emotional Physical milestones Cognitive and communicative
milestone milestones
Infant ● likes to mimic ● can sit and stand without ● can use basic words and 2.
● tries to see how help _________
parents react to their ● uses objects for their intended
1. _______ purpose
dy
3. ________ ● is more 4. ______ ● is able to ● greater understanding of
u
● takes turns ● run language
● St
5. ______ things ● uses 6. ________ in play
● Ride a tricycle
an
Middle ● the 7. ________ has a ● growth is not as 9. ● good reading and writing 12.
childhood greater impact on ________ as in earlier _______

ic
development stages
er
● Some children appear ● 10. ________ and 11.
grown up, others are ________ are the same size

Am
8. ____________ as in adulthood
215
🎧 14.9
Questions 31-40
Dolphins and Porpoises
True whales don’t have 31. ___________
A killer whale is the biggest 32. ___________
Porpoises are less than 33. ___________ long
Nose
A dolphin’s is 34. ___________
A porpoise’s is 35. ___________
dy
Teeth
A dolphin’s are shaped like 36. ___________
u
A porpoise’s are shaped like 37. ___________ St
Dorsal Fin
A dolphin’s is 38. ___________

an
A porpoise’s is straight
Other information
ic
There are just six 39. ___________ of porpoises

er
Dolphins make 40. ___________ to talk with each other, while porpoises do not.
Am
🎧 14.10 Questions 31-40

Questions 31-33
Historical Uses of Wind Power
Ancient China Windmills were used to 31. ______________
Ancient Persia Farmers used wind power to 32. ______________
The Netherlands People used windmills to 33. ______________
216
Questions 34-40
Complete the chart below
Wind Power
Unlike oil and coal, wind power does not cause 34. The cost of the initial investment is high
______________
The 37. ______________ of the wind is not constant
There are limited supplies of oil and coal, but wind is a
35. ______________ Wind turbines are usually located far from 38.
dy
______________
u
It 36. ______________ to generate electricity with the wind
St Wind turbines may spoil 39. ______________
Wind turbines do not take up much land Wind turbines are as 40. ______________ as a
an
high-speed car
ic
Vocabulary for Lecture listening:

er
● Strategy n. Chiến thuật, phương pháp ● Consistent adj. Nhất quán, phù hợp với gì
Am
● Admit v. thừa nhận đó

● Struggle v. chật vật, gặp khó khăn ● Heading n. Tiêu đề, đề mục
● Gist n. Ý chính ● Legal adj. Về mặt pháp luật
● Symbol n. Biểu tượng ● Judicial adj. Liên quan tới tòa án
● Record v. ghi lại ● Courtroom n. Tòa án
● Pace n. Tốc độ ● Procedure n. Thủ tục, phương pháp
● Interpret v. hiểu, giải thích, trình bày theo ● Complex adj. Phức tạp, khó hiểu
cách hiểu ● Attach v. nối vào, gắn vào
● Anticipation n. Sự mong chờ, sự mong đợi ● Associated v. có liên quan
● Recommendation n. Đề xuất ● Direction n. Phương hướng
● In advance adv. Trước ● Predictable adj. Dễ đoán trước
● Feature n. Chi tiết, tác dụng ● Oderly adj. Ngăn nắp, gọn gàng
● Adapt v. thích nghi, thích ứn
217
UNIT 15
Vocabulary Discovery: Money
➢ New words
● Debt n. Nợ
● Finance n. Tài chính
● Retirement n. Về hưu
● Savings n. Khoản tiết kiệm
● Fund n. Quỹ
dy
● Student loan n. Khoản cho vay sinh viên
● Financial difficulties: Khó khăn tài chính
u
● Launch v. Phóng, giới thiệu, đề khởi
● Expenditure n. Chi tiêu
St
● Boost v.
an
● Living costs chi phí sinh hoạt

● Factor n. Yếu tố
ic
● Consideration n. Sự xem xét

er
● Contribute v. đóng góp

Am
● Motivation n. Động lực

● Interest n. Lãi suất
● Accumulate v. tích lũy
● Energy bills hóa đơn điện, nhiên liệu, v.v
● Unsocial hours : Giờ làm thêm
● Low-paid job nphr. Công việc lương thấp
● Anticipate v. biết trước, dùng trước, dự liệu trước, trước kỳ hạn
● Financial stability: ổn định tài chính
● Budget n. Ngân sách
● Overspend n. Chi tiêu quá mức
● Social status n. địa vị xã hội
218
➢ Phrasal verb
● Take out sth or take sth out = withdraw: get money from a bank
● Cut back or cut sth back = reduce: decrease the amount of money that is being spent on something
● Pay back sb/sth or pay sb/sth back = repay: pay someone the money that you owe them
● Come to sth = total: be a particular total when amounts or numbers are added together
● Save up: keep money in order to buy something with it in the future
● Pick up: buy something when you have gone to a place to do something else
● Sell out: have none left
➢ Collocation
● Spend money (on): xài tiền vào việc gì
dy
● Save money: tiết kiệm tiền
● Waste/squander money (on): Phung phí tiền; squander mang nghĩa mạnh hơn và thường chỉ dùng nói
u
về một lượng lớn tiền
●
St
Change money: đổi tiền (đổi thành ngoại tệ khác)
● Throw money at: dùng rất nhiều tiền, đôi khi là nhiều hơn cần thiết, để giải quyết một vấn đề nào đó
an
● Donate money (to): quyên góp tiền cho ai

● The size of the salary offered: mức lượng được nhận
ic
● The key consideration: điều xem xét chính

er
● Equally important: quan trọng ngang bằng

● To meet their basic needs: đáp ứng nhu cầu sống
Am
● Reasonable quality of life: chất lượng cuộc sống hợp lý

● Non-financial factors: những yếu tố phi tài chính
● A career path: con đường sự nghiệp
● Live comfortably: sống thoải mái
● Raise a family: nuôi gia đình
● Personal relationships: mối quan hệ cá nhân
● Atmosphere in a workplace: không khí nơi làm việc
● Professional achievements: thành tựu công việc
● Contribute something positive to society: đóng góp điều gì đó hữu ích cho xã hội
219
Prices
Many collocations including the word price are connected with height. Prices can be high or low. If they are
very low, they may be called (usually by advertisers) rock-bottom prices. Prices may increase, prices go up
and prices rise. If they go up very fast we say that prices soar. Occasionally prices go down. If you say that
something is reasonably priced, you think it is neither too cheap nor too expensive. Calling something a
ridiculous price may mean it is much too cheap or much too expensive.
Getting money
1
Henry and his brother grew up in a family where money was always tight . Henry hoped that when he was
dy
grown-up, money would never be in short supply for him. Henry’s brother only wanted a steady income but
2 3
Henry wasn’t interested in just earning a good salary, he wanted to make big money , to be seriously rich .
u
He started making money at school when he sold the sandwiches his mother had made him to other
St
children. He also worked in his school holidays to earn money. He put this money in a bank account and
4
hardly ever made a withdrawal from it. When he left school, he raised enough money through the bank to
an
5 6
buy his first shop. He got a really good deal because he found a shop that was going cheap . By the time he
7 8
was twenty he had already made a small fortune though, of course, most of his money was tied up in his
ic
business.
er
1. There wasn’t much money

Am
2. Informal: a lot of money
3. Informal: very rich
4. Took money out of the bank
5. Informal: got a bargain
6. Informal: selling for a low price
7. Made a large amount of money
8. Not available for spending because it was needed for his business
220
➢ Practice
15.1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below
Sending money home

The economics of migrant remittances
A.
Every year millions of migrants travel vast distances using borrowed money for their airfares and taking little
or no cash with them. They seek a decent job to support themselves with money left over that they can send
home to their families in developing countries. These remittances exceeded $400 billion last year. It is true
that the actual rate per person is only about $200 per month but it all adds up to about triple the amount
officially spent on development aid.
u dy
B.
St
In some of the poorer, unstable or conflict-torn countries, these sums of money are a lifeline – the only
salvation for those left behind. The decision to send money home is often inspired by altruism – an unselfish
an
desire to help others. Then again, the cash might simply be an exchange for earlier services rendered by the
recipients or it could be intended for investment by the recipients. Often it will be repayment of a loan used
ic
to finance the migrant’s travel and resettlement.

er
C.
Am
At the first sign of trouble, political or financial upheaval, these personal sources of support do not suddenly
dry up like official investment monies. Actually, they increase in order to ease the hardship and suffering of
the migrants’ families and, unlike development aid, which is channeled through government or other official
agencies, remittances go straight to those in need. Thus, they serve an insurance role, responding in a
countercyclical way to political and economic crises.
D.
This flow of migrant money has a huge economic and social impact on the receiving countries. It provides
cash for food, housing and necessities. It funds education and healthcare and contributes towards the
221
upkeep of the elderly. Extra money is sent for special events such as weddings, funerals or urgent medical
procedures and other emergencies. Occasionally it becomes the capital for starting up a small enterprise.
E.
Unfortunately, recipients hardly ever receive the full value of the money sent back home because of
exorbitant transfer fees. Many money transfer companies and banks operate on a fixed fee, which is unduly
harsh for those sending small sums at a time. Others charge a percentage, which varies from around 8% to
20% or more depending on the recipient country. There are some countries where there is a low fixed charge
per transaction; however, these cheaper fees are not applied internationally because of widespread concern
over money laundering. Whether this is a genuine fear or just an excuse is hard to say. If the recipients live in
dy
a small village somewhere, usually the only option is to obtain their money through the local post office.
Regrettably, many governments allow post offices to have an exclusive affiliation with one particular money
u
transfer operator so there is no alternative but to pay the extortionate charge.
St
F.
an
The sums of money being discussed here might seem negligible on an individual basis but they are
substantial in totality. If the transfer cost could be reduced to no more than one per cent, that would release
ic
another $30 billion dollars annually – approximately the total aid budget of the USA, the largest donor
er
worldwide – directly into the hands of the world’s poorest. If this is not practicable, governments could at
least acknowledge that small remittances do not come from organized crime networks, and ease regulations
Am
accordingly. They should put an end to restrictive alliances between post offices and money transfer
operators or at least open up the system to competition. Alternatively, a non-government humanitarian
organization, which would have the expertise to navigate the elaborate red tape, could set up a non-profit
remittance platform for migrants to send money home for little or no cost.
G.
Whilst contemplating the best system for transmission of migrant earnings to the home country, one should
consider the fact that migrants often manage to save reasonable amounts of money in their adopted
country. More often than not, that money is in the form of bank deposits earning a tiny percentage of
interest, none at all or even a negative rate of interest.
222
H.
If a developing country or a large charitable society could sell bonds with a guaranteed return of three or
four per cent on the premise that the invested money would be used to build infrastructure in that country,
there would be a twofold benefit. Migrants would make a financial gain and see their savings put to work in
the development of their country of origin. The ideal point of sale for these bonds would be the channel used
for money transfers so that, when migrants show up to make their monthly remittance, they could buy bonds
as well. Advancing the idea one step further, why not make this transmission hub the conduit for affluent
migrants to donate to worthy causes in their homeland so they may share their prosperity with their
compatriots on a larger scale?
dy
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A–G.
u
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B–H from the list of headings below.
St
Write the correct number, i–x, in boxes 1–7 on your answer sheet.
an
List of Headings
i. Stability of remittances in difficult times vii. Losses incurred during transmission

ic
ii. Effect of cutback in transaction fees viii. Remittances worth more than official aid
er
iii. Targeted investments and contributions ix. How recipients utilize remittances
Am
iv. Remittances for business investment x. Frequency and size of remittances
v. How to lower transmission fees xi. Poor returns on migrant savings
vi. Motivations behind remittances

Example
Paragraph G xi
1. Paragraph A 5. Paragraph E
2. Paragraph B 6. Paragraph F
3. Paragraph C 7. Paragraph H
4. Paragraph D
223
Questions 8–13
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Countries are unwilling to enforce lower transaction fees as they are worried about 8. _____________, and villagers
lose out when post offices have a special relationship with one particular money transfer agency.
Each remittance might be small but the total cost of remittance fees is huge. Governments should 9. _____________
on small amounts and end the current post office system or make it more competitive. Another idea would be for
a large non-profit association, capable of handling complicated 10. _____________ to take charge of migrant
remittances.
dy
Migrants who send money home are able to save money, too, but it receives little or no interest from 11.
_____________ If a country or organization sold bonds that earned a reasonable rate of interest for the investor, that
u
money could fund the development of homeland 12. _____________ The bonds could be sold at the remittance
St
center, which could also take donations from 13. _____________ to fund charitable projects in their home country.
an
Look up new words in the dictionary then fill in the note below
ic
Word Meaning + Example

er
- Affiliation connection with an organization, especially a political or

religious one
Am
Example: Membership is open to anyone, regardless of

religious affiliation.
224
15.2 Prepare notes about the advantages and disadvantages of consumerism
CONSUMERISM
Definition:_____________________________________________________________
u dy
St
15.3 Writing task 2
an
When choosing a job, the salary is the most important consideration.

ic
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

er
Warm-up:
Translate these sentences into English, using new words above:

Am
1. Tuy nhiên, có nhiều yếu tố khác cũng quan trọng không kém mức thu nhập ví dụ như sự hài lòng với công việc,
môi trường làm việc phù hợp, vân vân.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
225
2. Một người coi trọng sự phát triển cá nhân có thể không lựa chọn công việc có thu nhập cao mà nhàn chán, thiếu
tính thử thách.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Các mối quan hệ tốt ở nơi làm việc cũng quan trọng như tiền bạc. Vì mỗi người dành phần lớn thời gian của mình ở
công sở, một công việc với quản lý giỏi và đồng nghiệp thân thiện có thể đem lại niềm vui trong cuộc sống.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
dy
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
u
4. Tuy nhiên, tiền bạc chỉ là một phương tiện đem lại hạnh phúc, hơn là một nhân tố quyết định.
St
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
an
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ic
5. Trên thực tế, không phải lúc nào người giàu có cũng hạnh phúc và ngược lại. Theo nhiều khảo sát, những quốc gia
er
có chỉ số hạnh phúc cao nhất lại là các nước đang phát triển, người dân không quá giàu có.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Am
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Với nhiều người, dù công việc không đem lại quá nhiều thu nhập, nhưng có ý nghĩa cho cộng đồng sẽ mang lại
nhiều hạnh phúc hơn. Ví dụ, các mối quan hệ chất lượng - tiền bạc có thể đem lại nhiều mối quan hệ làm ăn,
nhưng không mua được tình bạn.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
226
Make your outline:

Suggestion: primary goal, achieving happiness, correlate happiness levels with the
amount of money, aspect, determine one’s happiness, select occupations, the level
of salary
Thesis statement?
+ Explanation:
dy
+ Illustration:
u
Body 2 +
St
Your controlling idea:
an
+ Explanation:
ic
+ Illustration:
er
Am
Conclusion
227
Now complete your essay. Write at least 250 words. You should spend about 40 minutes for this task.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
dy
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
u
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
St
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
an
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ic
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
er
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Am
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
228
UPPER INTERMEDIATE
5.0 - 5.5
Please contact daotao.sg@americanstudy.edu.vn

for additional copies
info@americanstudy.edu.vn

(1.0) Ielts Upper Intermediate

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

(1.0) Ielts Upper Intermediate

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

(1.0) Ielts Upper Intermediate

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IELTS

UNIT 2 IELTS Task: Writing Task 2 - Opinion Essays (Continue)

UNIT 3 Vocabulary: Festivals

UNIT 4 IELTS Task: Reading - T/F/NG and Completion questions

UNIT 5 IELTS Task: Reading - Multiple Choices and Diagram Labeling

UNIT 6 Vocabulary Discovery: Global Problem

UNIT 7 IELTS Task: Writing Task 2 - Two-part Questions Essays

UNIT 8 IELTS Task: Writing Task 2 - Two-questions EssaysIELTS Task:

UNIT 10 IELTS Task: Reading Practice - Environmental Science

UNIT 11 IELTS Task: Reading - Global Politics

UNIT 12 Vocabulary Discovery: Advertisement/ Marketing

UNIT 14 IELTS Task: Writing Task 1 - Process/ Map

UNIT 15 Vocabulary Discovery: Money

● To what extent do you agree or disagree?

your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.

➢ Three common mistakes

● Not stating an opinion

● Giving arguments for both views

● Not supporting your opinion with clear reasons

develop the best argument for.

A. Essay structure for one side of the argument

Introduction ● Paraphrase the question

● State your opinion clearly in the thesis statement

● Explanation: explain this idea

● Example: give an example or expand the idea

Conclusion Summarize opinion and key reasons

B. Essay structure for giving both sides

Introduction ● Paraphrase the question

● State your opinion clearly in the thesis statement

Body Body 1 ● Topic sentence: Opposite opinion

● Explanation: explain this idea, accept some of the opposite

● Example: give an example or expand the idea

Body 2 ● Topic sentence: Your opinion

● Explanation: explain this idea

IELTS Task: Speaking - Part 2 Event/Activity Monologue

● Describe a happy day you would like to have

● Describe a colorful event that you enjoyed

Words and phrases to set up the setting of the event

● The time that + past simple

● The first time + past simple

● When I was living/working in…

● Last (weeks, weekends, months, years, festivals)

● In (month, seasons, years, long periods of time)

On (days, special days)

● At (specific times, noons, midnights, festivals)

● During (months, seasons, long festivals, long periods of time)

● around/about (times, months, occasions, festivals, special days)

● Quite a while ago/some time ago

● Near to…/far from…

Past simple with sequence markers

Language to describe what happened

I was doing…, when X happened

● I did A, I did B and then I did C

● I wish I had known…, then I wouldn’t have gone

Looking back, I wouldn’t do that again

What type of event

Stories Competitions/ Sports Learning a Language Journeys

Children’s story Sports match Class School trip

Bedtime story Boxing match Activity Educational trip

2. I (invite) to the party my sister-in-law

3. Lots of stories (read) to me my grandparents

8. Thankfully, my plane ticket to Japan (buy) for me my parents