Prot. Cult. Introduction

Protected cultivation :
Introduction and types
Vijay P. Singh
Deptt. of Horticulture, College of Agriculture
GB Pant Univ. Agri. & Tech., Pantnagar
General Information
What we have achieved?
Year Area Production Productivity
(Mha) (MT) (t/ha)
1991-92 12.77 96.5 7.56

2001-02 16.60 145.7 8.79
2011-12 23.24 257.27 11.09
2014-15 23.40 280.98 12.00
2017-18 25.40 311.71 12.25
Food grain : 50 MT (1950-51) to 292 MT (2019-20)
Horticultural crop: 25 MT (1950-51) to 311.71 (2017-18)
Silent revolution took place- but productivity is still low

Protected
cultivation
Future
Agriculture
What is Protected Cultivation?
Cropping technique
control the micro climate as per the req. of plant/ crop
Fully Partially
is an integrated science
Protected and technology based
Cultivation approach to establish
the most favorable
environmental
conditions for plant and
optimizing resources
including water, energy,
space,
capital and labour, to
produce the desired
plant product.
The productivity
Principle of a crop is
influenced not
P=G+E only by its
heredity but also
by the
microclimate
around it.
Good quality seed sown in good field yields in plenty

❖Cultivable land –
shrinking day by day
➢ Urbanization
These are ➢ Industrialization
the most ➢ Developmental activities
fertile ➢ Increasing population needs
lands
Area -------- Population
Enhance production- answer is protected cultivation

Various stresses
Stress: Any factor of environment that prevents
or decreases the normal system of functioning
 Due to their rapid and unpredictable
effects, it became very difficult for
agricultural scientists and farmers to
respond to challenges posed by
stresses.
 Environmental fluctuations or stresses
like low or high rainfall, drought or
flood and high or low temperature can
not be predicted well in advance so
that their impact can be minimized on
crop plants. Here protected cultivation
has a part to play.
Tackle stress by protected cultivation
The effect of temperature stress on crop plants
low temperature or
freezing injury on summer
squash plants
The leaf scorching

symptom due to high
temperature stress on
tomato plants
Small and Marginal Land Holdings
with fragmentation
❖ App. 86.2 % (av. 0.6 ha)
❖Operational holding size- 1.08 ha
❖Not economically viable with conventional
agriculture. Can be made
❖Outmigration economically
viable with
protected
cultivation with
more no. of
working man
days req.
Advantages
 Crop yields are higher----- against
open field conditions
 Better quality produce-
greater demand- higher
prices and returns
Contd.
 Management of insects,
diseases, weeds etc. is
easier.
 Least pesticide residues
 Extending production
areas and growing
seasons
 Crops can be grown
under unfavourable
climatic condition.
Contd.
 Conservation of scarce resources i.e.
water, space, energy and nutrients.
 Higher input use efficiencies
Nutrients Fertilizer use efficiency, %
Broadcasting Drip Drip +
Fertigation
N 30-50 65 95
P 20 30 45
K 50 60 80
Contd.
 Off-season production of the crops- to get
better returns.
 Farmers can advance/ delay and segregate
production of cash crops as per market demand.
Contd.
Production of high
quality and healthy
seedlings for
transplanting in open
field for early crop.
It makes cultivation
possible in areas where it
is not possible in open
conditions as high
altitudes, deserts.
Contd.
Generate employment/ self employment for
the educated rural youth in the farm sector.
Labour intensive management
Cereals: 143 man days/ ha

Vegetables : 330 man days/ha
Protected : 860-1500 man days/ha
Nowadays many highly educated youths are opting it as self
employment due to charm in technology led hi-tech farming.
Other advantages:
 Maintenance of stock
plants
 propagation of grafted
plant-lets
Hardening of tissue
cultured plants
Protected Cultivation-
Methods and
techniques
Poly tunnels
Mulching Shade nets
Soil less Protected Cultivation

culture
technologies
Polycarbonate house Polyhouse Insect proof nets

Types of protected cultivation
 Raised bed
Integral part
Height
Width
Raised beds with

grooves for drip-laterals
 Trellising of plants
✓ Trellising in greenhouse
crops is necessary to use
more of vertical space.
✓ Allow maximum light to
reach canopy.
Mulching
Sl. No. Crop Yield (%) Water saving (%)
1. Tomato 45-50 30
2. Capsicum 35-40 35
3. Okra 30-40 20
4. Potato 35-40 25
5. Brinjal 30-35 12
6. Guava 25-30 25
7. Peach 30-35 30
8. Kinnow 40-45 25
9. Pomegranate 35-40 30
10. Strawberry 40-50 25
Research findings of PFDC
Advanced irrigation techniques
Poly low-tunnel and
walk-in-tunnel
Bird protection or
anti-hail nets
Shade-nets
Available in different shade
% - 15 to 90 %
and colour- green, white,
black, red, yellow and in
combinations
Insect-proof net house
Insect-proof nets
are low-cost
option to grow
crops without
damage by
insects and
vectors. These
nets can also be
effectively used
for organic
cultivation of
vegetables and
seed production.
Polyhouse
Polycarbonate/ glass house

Soil less culture
 Hydroponics
 Aeroponics
 Aquaponis
 NFT

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Protected cultivation :

Introduction and types

1991-92 12.77 96.5 7.56

Silent revolution took place- but productivity is still low

Good quality seed sown in good field yields in plenty

Area -------- Population

Enhance production- answer is protected cultivation

The leaf scorching

Labour intensive management

Cereals: 143 man days/ ha

Mulching Shade nets

Soil less Protected Cultivation

Polycarbonate house Polyhouse Insect proof nets

Raised beds with

Polycarbonate/ glass house

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