COMPU TE R APPRE CI ATI ON

I NTRODU CTI ON

BRI E F HI STORY OF THE COMPU TE R

The history of computer can be traced to Abacus; this is the first known counting

devices dating back to 500 B. C

In 1642 a French scientist Bliase developed a mechanical calculator. This calculator

from thebasis of calculator manufactured today.

PI ONE E RS FOR MODE RN COMPU TE RS

The credit for the concept of the modern computer goes to the British mathematician

Charles Babbage [the father of computer] who in 1812 designed the first engine called

“ Difference engine” 1812, he designed a steam powered engine which was called

Analytical Engine. This engine worked with punch cards. For decade Babbage worked

to perfect his design, but failed his analytical engines had the basic characteristic of

modern computer that is why heis called theFATHER OF MORDERM COMPU TER.

THE CHARACTE RI STI CS OF THE ANALYTI CAL E NGI NE

 It could accept data as input

 Process thedata

 Giveinformation such as output

In 1886 Herman Hollerith, an American investor developed a machine called

“ TABU LATOR” which manipulated data on punch cards. This device was used to

compile and count data for the American census exercise of 1890 which took only less

than two months. Compared to the more than seven years it took earlier complications

of census data by hand. GE ORGE BOOLE . [1848] A British mathematician develop a

system of binary logic in which all question could be answered as true or false.

However, if took almost 1000 years before a computer was Developed based on binary

numbers using Book can logic or

Boolcant algebra until the late 1930‘ s calculated or computer were based on decimal

system, thesewere mechanical devices that required several hundred of moving parts.

The binary logic allowed the use of electrical circuitry [switches] of ON of OFF for

computer numbers. This revolutionaries the computer as an effective tool of modern

activity

DE FI NI TI ON OF E VOLU TI ON: Is a gradual development that proceeds on invention.

Theevolution is as a result of man desire to solve its mathematical problems with ease.

W HAT I S A COMPU TE R
Computer is an electronic device or machine which accepts data and instruction, using

the input unit, processes data according to instruction, using the system unit, and

communicatetheresult using the output unit. Computer can also becalled an IDIOT.

DE FI NI TI ON OF THE FOLLOW I NG TE RMS

DATA: Data are raw and unprocessed facts that can be used to get

information about a particular thing.

I NFORMATI ON: These are processed data, it’ s the result obtain when data have

been processed

I NSTRU CTI ON: This refers to the set of rules and procedure in which the computer

must follow in order to process data into information.

PROPE RTI E S OF COMPU TE R

There are several properties of computer, namely: -

1. Speed: It makes thecomputer to work faster

2. Versatility: It makes thecomputer to do varieties of jobs

3. Accuracy: once the data and information are correct, then the
 computer will be accurate.

4. Diligent: It makes thecomputer never to get tired.

5. Storage: it makes the computer to store information for a long period

of time.

CHARACTE RI STI CS OF A COMPU TE R

There are several characteristics of computer which are: -

1. Ability to retrievedata
2. Ability to accept data
3. Ability to storedata
4. Ability to process data
5. Ability to display information as output

COMPONE NT OF COMPU TE R
A computer is made of threecomponents, which are

1. Hardware: These are the physical part of computer, that can be seen, touch,

feel, etc. it is use to run program and to perform different jobs on the computer

software. Examples are: keyboard, C.P.U , monitor, mouse, etc.

2. Software: These are insensible in nature and are programs that are made up of

instruction and sequence which helps both the user and hardware of the

computer to function properly

TYPE S OF SOFTW ARE

Softwarearemade up of two types, which are

A. System software: the system software are programs and series of instruction

arranged in sequence, used by computer for effective operation, software

combines favorable with hard ware to help use computer user. The system

softwarecan also be defined as already installed programs by themanufacturers.

System softwarecan bedivided into two parts, namely:

 Operating system: These are the part of system software that enables the

computeto do some work of its own without interruption of theusers.

 The translator: This is the part of system software that enables the computer

changes human language to machine language.

Machine Language:

These are language that the computer understand, this language are writing using the

combination of O.S and I.s. Example of computer language are (i) Interpreter (ii)

complier (iii) assemblers

B. Application Software: these are software that can only be run when the required

softwareareinstalled.

Theapplication softwarecan further bedivided into two which are

 Application package: these are software that are designed and developed by

softwarecompanies, such as Microsoft office, Corel Suit Graphics, etc.

 U ser application/tailor made package: these are specially developed by computer

programmers, companies and analyst to meet their specific needs.

3. People’ s ware: These are the computer users. The computer hardware and

softwarearenot completewithout thecomputer peoples ware (users)

TYPE S OF U NI T
There are four types of unit namely:

1. I nput unit: These are the unit of computer that sent data and

information into the computer e.g. keyboard, mouse, etc.

2. Processing unit: These are the unit that works on data to give out result or

information; it is also the unit of the computer that helps in processing all data

according to instruction to giveinformation. E.g. system unit

3. Output unit: These are the unit of the computer that display the result or

information of thework doneby thecomputer. E.g. printer, monitor, etc.

4. Storage unit: These are the unit of the computer that stores the results or

information of thecomputer e.g. hdd, flash drive, etc.

CLASSI FI CATI ON OF COMPU TE R
There are several method of classifying thecomputer which are

1. Classification by purpose
2. Classification by types
3. Classification by size

CLASSI FI CATI ON BY SI ZE
1. Micro: These is usually small in size they also have a very low capacity, it

can only beused by one person at a time, this is referred to as personal computer.

2. Mini: These are the medium type of computer, they are expensive and also have

a very large memory capacity so they can store large information and can be

used by morethan one person at a time.

3. Mainframe: These are the big size of computer that can be used by multiple

users, they are very expensive and they have a very high memory capacity of

memory.

CLASSI FI CATI ON BY TYPE S

There are basically threetypes of computer, namely:

1. Digital computer: These are computer that function by taking in discrete

numbers and returns them mathematically. E.g calculating machine

2. Analogue computer: These set of computers measure physical magnitude

and all forms of signals which amplitude varies with time e.g. thermometer, car

speedometer, etc.

3. Hybrid computer: These sets of computer combines the favorable features of

theabove two types of computer, they arealso efficient.

COMPU TE R VI RU S
Definition: these are unauthorized program that disturbs the normal functioning of

the computer. They are designed to affect your computer and also damage your

computer. Computer virus can be introduced into your computer through the following

method (diskette, internet, removable devices, etc). There are hundreds types of

computer virus in thecomputer world today. Namely:

1. Command virus
2. Boot virus
3. Data virus
4. Partition virus, etc.

COMPU TE R ANTI – VI RU S
Computer anti – virus are programs that are design to destroy computer virus, some of

these anti – virus are been designed by some virus creator. There are different types of

computer anti –virus namely:

1. Avast anti –virus

2. Dr. Solomon anti –virus
3. Net Qin anti –virus
4. Avira anti –virus, etc.

W I NDOW S
W indows: this explain the basic skill the computer operator need to work with, it also

provide the application easily and effectively.

W indows are said to be graphical environment that introduced more streamline wave

for theoperator to work with his computer.

W indow is an operating system that serves as an alternative environment to DOS

(Disk Operating System) because it takes the attribute of booting a system. It cannot

beplaced totally as an operating system but it helps in managing your files and system

DE SCRI PTI ON OF W I NDOW S

W indows are rectangular boxes. Example your desktop, the desktop displays all your

work in a rectangular box and that’ s called window.

In window, you can run several powerful applications at once and switch quickly

among them. W hen you are working on a two or more application, you can transfer

information from one window to another through the help of copy and paste. W ith

window, you will find it easy to start up work with your software application,

organizeand managethefiles with ease.

BOOTI NG
Booting is theprocess of putting on your computer.

TYPE S OF BOOTI NG
There are basically two types of booting

1. Cold booting: this is the process of were your computer is been put on from the

power button, or being put on for the first time

2. W arm booting: this is the process were you boot your computer when is already

on. (Restart). The warm booting can be clicking on start button, left click on

turn off computer and left click on restart.

DE SK TOP
Desktop is thefirst environment you will see after booting your computer.

I con: This are shortcuts to the main application in your computer, it is located at the

left hand side of your desktop, it can be deleted and it can be added, it can also be

personalized.

Desktop background: This is the image found at the desktop. Its function is to

beautify your desktop

How to Apply a Desktop Background

1) Right click on desktop background

2) Left click on properties
3) Left click on desktop tab found on thedialog box
4) Select any picture of your choice, select thelayout
5) Left click on apply and then ok.

How to Apply a Screen Saver

1) Right click on desktop background

2) Left click on properties
3) Left click on screen saver tab found on thedialog box
4) Select any screen saver pattern of your choice, select thesettings
5) Left click on apply and then ok.

DI VI SI ON OF K E Y BOARD

1. Function keys
2. Alphabetical keys
3. Numerical keys
4. Peripheral keys
5. Directional keys

ALPHABE TI CAL K E YS: it is the alphabetical part of the keyboard that consists of all
the alphabets.

NU ME RI CAL K E YS: it is the part of the keyboard that consist of numerical letters.

PE RI PHE RAL K E YS: it serves as a function key, but function key is been use in daily
bases, which peripheral keys cannot be used unnecessary e.g. print screen Sys Or, pause
break

FU NCTI ON K E YS: it is the part of the key that combine one alphabet and number e.g
F1

DI RE CTI ONAL K E YS: it consist of four keys and it is use for direction (up, down,
left and right)

FU NCTI ON K E YS: Functions key help us to issue a command without the help of

mouse e.g. f 1- f12 is known as function keys.

F1:- Is for help

F2:- Is to continueloading

F3:- changing thecaps it goes with shift key

F4:- It goes with ctr. Key & Alt. f4 which enable us to shut down window &

computer, it also enablelast moveto a selected item

F5:- It goes with ctr. key which enables us to minimizeand also refresh

F6:- It helps in checking grammar and spelling or synonyms

F7:- It goes with shift key in checking and spelling box

F8:- It helps in highlight a text

F9:- This key goes with ctr. Key which enables us to achieve a bracket open and

close

F10:- This key [f10] goes with ctr. Key which enables us to maximize the

window

F11:- It leads us to another package or Alt Tab

F12:- It helps us in saving filein computer by giving a file

SOME COMPU TE R TE RM AND ME ANI NG

MB - Mega Byte

GB - Giga byte

DOS - Disk Operating System

ROM - Read Only Memory

OS - Operating System

I/O - Input and Output

HLL - High Level Language

LLL - Low Level Language

ML - MachineLanguage

DP - Data Processing

DTP - Desk Top Publishing

WP - W ord Processing

MPU - Micro Processing U nit

LIFO - Last in first Out

FM - Frequency Modulation
VDU - Visual Display U nit

LICU - Lotus international Character Set

ASCII - American standard Codefor Information Interchange

LED - Light Emitting Diode

CPU - Central processing U nit

ALU - Arithmetic Logical U nit

MSW - Micro Soft W ord

GIGO - Garbagein GarbageOut

RAM - Random Access Memory

KB - Kilo Byte

CAD - Computer Aided design

DATA - Any U nit of information into thecomputer

TASK BAR AND START BU TTON

The task bar is a horizontal line located at down of your computer screen or window,

its function is to display an activeor running program in your computer.

Start button is located at the left hand side of your task bar, it is the menu button of

your computer, this is thelocation you will find all your application in your computer.
RE CYCLE BI N

Recycle bin is just like a waste bin, were all your deleted files are been saved or kept

after deleted from your computer.

HOW TO DE LE TE FI LE S TO THE RE CYCLE BI N

1) Right click on thefile, folder, application, etc. you which to delete,

2) Left click on delete
3) Left click on yes

HOW TO RE STORE A DE LE TE D FI LE FROM RE CYCLE BI N

1) Right click on recyclebin, and left click on open or double click to open

2) Right click on the file you which to restore and left click on restore or double

click to restore

3) Theleft click restore if display.

Note: any file, folder or application deleted from the recycle bin cannot be recovered

again.

HOW TO SE T DATE AND TI ME

Go to the right side of the task bar, click on the time and date showed, a dialog box

will appear, set the timeand date, then left click on ok.

HOW TO SCAN A DE VI CE , FI LE , FOLDE R, APP, E TC

Right click on thefile, folder, etc, left click on scan, and left click on ok
 MI CROSOFT PU BLI SHE R
DE FI NI TI ON OF PU BLI SHE R: this is an application package designed by micro

office for graphical designing typing of document.

Publisher can also be defined as a package that is modifying for already made design.

A publisher is already madedesign.

TYPE OF PU BLI CATI ON SE T

1) Theblank pagesize
2) Advertisement
3) Banners etc

THI NGS THAT CAN BE FOU ND I N MI CROSOFT PU BLI SHE R

1) TitleBar
2) Menu Bar
3) Standard Bar
4) Formatting Bar
5) Control Buttons
6) Formatting Publication
7) Scroll Bar
8) Object Bar
9) Electronic

 Title bar: this is a bar located at the top of Microsoft polisher window or

embedment: The title bar display the name of document or application you are

working on

 Menu bar: this bar is located directly under the title bar, the menu true all the

availablecommands in any application package

 Standard bar: this bar is located directly neat the menu bar by different and it is

madeup of icons are pictorial that serves as standard to themenu command

 Formation bar: these bar is located directly under the standard by default the

formatting bar is been used for your text edition and formatting your graphical

designing

CONTROL BU TTONS
This is located at the right hand side of the title bar there are three control buttons we

have:-

1) Minimize button
2) Restored down
3) Close respectively buttons

 Minimize button:- this is to bring down entirely the application or window you

areworking on

 Restore down:- this is used to reducean activewindow to an adjustablesize

 Close respectively:- this button use to end an active application running on your

desktop

FORMAT PU BLI CATI ON:

Format Publication: - This is bar used in editing your publication set

Scroll Bar: - This is a bar used to move around in an electronic page.

THE RE ARE TW O TYPE OF SCROLL BAR:-

1) Vertical scroll bar

2) Horizontal scroll bar

 Vertical scroll bar:- This is used to moveyour electronic pageleft and right

 Horizontal scroll bar: - This is used to move your electronic pageup and down.

Object Bar: - This is a bar set aside for typing your publication set the object can’ t be

usein formatting object

E lectronic Page: - This is space set aside for typing your document and designing of

graphical work

BARS I N PU BLI CATI ON:-

ME NU BAR: There areseveral thing found in themenu bar

FI LE ME NU

 New: This is used in creating a new blank document in another window

 Open:- This is a used to open am assisting

 Save: This is a command in which we used to in storing document for future

use.

 Save as: This is command that save an already saved document with a different

name and location

 Close: This is a command used to closean active window

 Page set up: - This command used in setting electronic page on how you want

thewidth, height, paper, orientation. /

 Print setup:- This command is used in setting your document on how you want

to look likeafter printing

 Print preview:- This is used in viewing your document or show you how your

works look after printing

E DI T ME NU

 U ndo: This command is to undo a donework.

 Redo: This command is use to redo a work that has already been undo

 Cut: This is use to removea selected text or shapefrom its position

 Copy: This command is use to collect a duplicate of a selected text or shape

without removing the original from its position

 Office clipboard: This command display a dialog box where all the shape and

text that is been copied or cut is display

 Paste: This command is use to display a particular text or shape that is been

copied or cut

 Delete text: This command is useto deletea selected text from thedocument.

 Delete object: This command is useto delete a selected object from thedocument

 Delete page: This command is useto delete a particular page.

 Move page: This command is use to move a selected page from one window to

another

 Select all: This command is use to select all text in thedocument

 Find: It enable you to search or look a particular text, word or sentence in your

document

 Replace: This command enable you to replace a word or group of words in the

document with another

 Go to: This command is use to take you where you want to go in your

document. E g. paragraph, page, etc

VI E W ME NU

 Task pane: This command display a dialog box where an active command is

display

 Tool bars: This command is use to insert and to remove the bars in your

Microsoft publisher

 Rulers: This command is use to insert and to remove the ruler on your

document

 Picture: This command is use to instruct your view towards the picture in your

document.

 Header & footer: This command is use to insert a text or write –up at the top

or bottom of thepage

 Zoom: This command is use to zoom your pagehigher or lower.

 I nsert menu: This menu consist of several command in it

 Page: This command is use to insert a new blank page in that same active

window, either before current page or after thecurrent page.

 Duplicate page: This command is useto doublean activepage

 Section: This command is use to insert a section page to thedocument

 Page Number: This command is useto insert number into your page

 Date & Time: This command is use to insert the current date or time into the

current document you areworking on

 Symbols: This command is use to insert symbols that are not on your keyboard

U nicodecharacters.

 The Gallery object: This command is to insert a design from the object gallery

dialog box.

 Picture: This command is use to insert an already saved picture from your

computer to your electronic page.

 Text box: This command is useinsert a box in which your text is been typein.

 Text file: This command is use to insert a text saved file from your computer

 Object: This command is used to insert an embedded object into the document.

STANDARD BAR

Thestandard bar consist of shortcuts to your Menu bar such as

 New: This is used in creating a new blank document in another window

 Open:- This is a used to open am assisting

 Save: This is a command in which we used to in storing document for future

use.

 Print preview:- This is used in viewing your document or show you how your

works look after printing

 U ndo: This command is to undo a donework.

 Redo: This command is use to redo a work that has already been undo
 Cut: This is use to removea selected text or shapefrom its position

 Copy: This command is use to collect a duplicate of a selected text or shape

without removing the original from its position

 Office clipboard: This command display a dialog box where all the shape and

text that is been copied or cut is display

 Paste: This command is useto display a particular text or shape that is been

And much moreto mention

FORMATTI NG BAR

Theformatting bar is use in editing and formatting your text and object, to which the

object color, linecolor, font color, linestyle, linesize, bold, italic, underline, font size,

font style, numbering bulleting, indent and lots morel.

TOOLBOX BAR

Thetoolbox bar is usefor designing and import pictures and shapes and also

publication design to our document. It is located at theleft hand sideof the screen and

it consist of this option

Select object, text box, table, word art, picture, line, arrow, auto shapes, bookmarks,

design gallery object and lots more, and it is thebar use in designing.

TASK PANE

This option as discuss aboveenables thedialog box which several design and other

research arebeen perform.

The Micro soft publisher bears most feature of Microsoft W ord. Publisher is known as

a multifunction packagethat helps most mainly in design and editing designs.

W orks to do in Publisher

Design theentiretemplate in publisher.

 MI CROSOFT E XCE L
HOW TO SE T PAGE

 Click pageset –up tab

 Click sizeand select A4

 Click on orientation and select either landscapeor portrait

 Highlight thewhole indicated area and click on home tab

 Click on borders

 Select all borders

HOW TO CALCU LATE THE SU M, MI N, MAX & AVE RAGE

A B C D E F G H

S/N NAME MATHS ENG GEO TOTAL MIN MAX AVERAGE

1 Emerson 56 46 71 - - - -

2 Prince 67 48 73 - - - -

3 Thankgod 65 60 73 - - - -

To calculatethesum, go to your formula bar and type = SU M(B1: D1) ENTER

To calculatethemin, go to your formula bar and type = MIN(B1: D1) ENTER

To calculatethemix, go to your formula bar and type = MAX B1: D1) ENTER

To calculatetheaverage, go to your formula bar and type= AVG(B1: D1) ENTER

HOW TO CALCU LATE ANGLE S

S/N A B C D

1 ANGLES SINE COSINE TANGENT

2 0 - - -

3 90 - - -

4 80 - - -
HOW TO CALCU LATE

To calculatethesin, go to your formula bar and type= SIN (A2) ENTER

To calculatethecos, go to your formula bar and type= COS (A2) ENTER

To calculatethetan, go to your formula bar and type= TAN (A2) ENTER

HOW TO GE T SU M TOTAL

= SU M (B2: B4) ENTER (Do the Same for All)

HOW TO K NOW I F THE ANGLE I S GRATE R THAN 1

U se this formula = if (B2> 1,’ YES,’ ’ ‘ ’ NO’ ’ ) ENTER (Do the same For

All)

HOW TO PLOT CHART

Highlight thedata you want to plot the chart in your sheet

Click insert tab

Click chart

Click on any chart of your choice

HOW TO COMPU TE STU DE NT PE RFORMANCE

A B C D E F G

M.
S/N NAME EXCEL COREL P.P SU M AVG
SW

1 Emerson 45 87 76 30

2 Marvkele 60 54 87 45

3 Marvelous 12 34 67 67

4 Onyeche 32 56 45 54

To calculatethetotal sum type this formula = sum (B1: C1) ENTER

To calculatetheaveragetype this formula = AVG (B1- B2) ENTER

To differentiateonescorefrom theother usethis formula = sum (B4- D3) ENTER

HOW TO COMPU TE MONTHLY PAYME NT OF A COMPANY
Nation
Tota
al
Trans l
Me Housi Ta Ne
Prov.
d. ng Portati Tot x Red Gros t
on al Fund uc s
S/ Positio All. All.35 10 pa
N Name n sal. 15% % 19% All % 250 tion pay y

Directo 23,00
1 Emerson 250
r 0

Ass.
12,00
2 Prince Directo 250
0
r

ThankG Manag 9,
3 250
od er 000

HOW TO CALCU LATE I T

To calculatepercentage typethis formula = Sum(20%*D1)Enter

TheD1 is thesalary

For total allowance typethis formula = sum(E1:G1)Enter

You input the national prov. Amount in theentire cell (for example in the table)

To get thetotal reduction = sum(H1+ I1)Enter i.e. Tax + National province

To get Gross pay = sum(D1+ K1)Enter i.e. Basic sar. + Total reduction

To get Net pay = sum(K1-L1)Enter i.e. Total reduction –Gross pay

HOW TO CALCU LATE RE SU LT W I TH GRADE

A B C D

S/N SU BJECT MARK GRADE

1 ENG. 60

2 MATHS 50
3 BIO 45

HOW TO CALCU LATE THE GRADE

= IF(C1< = 99.9,” A1” ,= IF(C1< = 89.9,” B2” ,= IF(C1< = 79.9,” C3” ,= IF(C1<

= 70.9,” C4” ,= IF(C1< = 60.9,” C5” ,= IF(C1< = 50.9,” C6” ,= IF(C1< = 35.9,” D

7” ,= IF(C1< = 25.9,” E8” ,= IF(C1< = 15.9,” F9” ))))))))) enter

To calculate the remark, copy the formula from the grade cell and paste it on the

remark cell and edit the

= IF(C1< = 99.9,” Excellent” ,= IF(C1< = 89.9,” V.good” ,= IF(C1< = 79.9,” Credit”

,= IF(C1< = 70.9,” Credit” ,= IF(C1< = 60.9,” Credit” ,= IF(C1< = 50.9,” Credit” ,

= IF(C1< = 35.9,” Pass” ,= IF(C1< = 25.9,” Poor” ,= IF(C1< = 15.9,” Fail” )))))))))

enter
 MI CROSOFT POW E R POI NT

Microsoft Power Point is a program/package designed by Microsoft Office used for

presenting lectures and seminars with the aid of computers. Instead of using the

conventional blackboard to list out the details of the topic, power point can be used to

organize it. Most banks and schools now used it for both internal and external

presentations.

One interesting feature of power point is its Animation Facility. Animation entails

giving text and objects special effects that make them change form and move in

different directions. Animation is also used in carton production and television adverts.

HOW TO LAU NCH M.S. POW E R POI NT

Step One

 Left click on your start button in your task bar,

 Left click or select all program

 Left click or select Microsoft office

 Left click Microsoft Power Point

Step Two

 Right click on your desktop background

 Left click on new

 Left click on Microsoft Power Point

 Renamethedocument or leaveit default

 Doubleclick or left click on thedocument or right click and left click open.
ME ASU RE OPTI ONS I N MI CROSOFT POW E RPOI NT

1. Presentation: this consists of the information or list of point your wish to

organizeyour lecturewith

2. Slide: a slide is simply the page or platform on which you type in the c0ontent

of your presentation to take.

3. Template: this is an already pre-designed slide containing very colorful

backgrounds and special arrangement

4. Blank Presentation: This is an empty slide on which you can create a

presentation of your own taste or choice.

5. Design: this is thearea you set, beautify and modify your blank page.

HOW TO PRE SE NT A SI MPLE ANI MATI ON

 Open your M.S Power Point,

 Choose either text box, or word art for your text, choose any picture or clipart of

your choice

 Click on Animation tab, and then click on custom animation

 Select you text or picture then click on add effect on your custom animation

window on your right sideof your screen.

 Your can apply more than one effect on a text or picture, or you need to do is

perform samestep from 2 to 4.

 MI CROSOFT W ORD
DE FI NI TI ON OF MI CROSOFT W ORD

This is an application package design for typing skills, typing of document and for

graphical designing. Microsoft word belongs to a family called the Microsoft office.

Microsoft office is a programmed design by micro-soft companies and has

Microsoft attached to their names. E.g. Microsoft word, Microsoft Powerpoint,

Microsoft Publisher E.t.c

THI NGS THAT CAN BE FOU ND I N YOU R MI CROSOFT W ORD 2007

 TI TLE BAR: This is located at the top of the Microsoft environment. Its

function is to display the name of the active document and application you are

working on

The title bar consists of three (3) control button namely:-

Minimize Button: this is use to bring down entirely the active window you

areworking on

Restore down button: this is sue to reduce to reduce to window to an

adjustablesize

Close respectively button: this is use to exit the current window or end the

current application you are working on.

 OFFI CE BU TTON: this is the biggest button you can see in your Microsoft

word 2007.

The Office Button Consist of several Command in it, which are:

New: This is use of open a new blank page or document in another window.

Open: This command is used to open an already saved file or document in the

computer.
 Save: This command is use to store your file or document for further uses.

W hen you save a file the first time it will display a dialog box where you

choose the location and name you want your file to besaved with or saved to

Save As: this command helps you to store an already stored file or document

into the computer but with a different name and location. Note: A file that is

already saved can not be saved as with same name in same location.

Print: This command consists of three buttons in it which is: Print: this

enable you to output your work physically through a printer, the print

command display a dialog box where you can choose your printer, printer,

copies, page range, etc. Quick Print: this enable to output you

work physically through the printer without displaying the dialog box.

Printer Preview: this command is use to your work on how it will look like

after printing.

W ord Option: this command is used to customize your Microsoft word.

Close: this command is used to end an active window.

 Scroll Bar: This command is a bar that is used to move around the

electronic page there are two types of scroll bar we havewhich are:

Vertical Scroll Bar This type of scroll bar is used to move the electronic page

up and down

Horizontal Scroll Bar: This type of scroll bar is used to move the electronic

page left and right

 E LE CTRONI C PAGE : This is blank page set aside for typing of document

and designing of graphical work.

 CU RSOR: this is a continuous blinking vertical line that indicates where

 you typing start.

 TAB: thereare several tabs in Microsoft word 2007, which are

HOME TAB:

The home tab consist of several command in it which are

CLI PBOARD:

The clipboard consist of several option such as the

Paste: This command is use to display an already copy or cut object or text.

Copy: This command is use to collect a duplicate or same picture of an object

or text without removing the original, and saveit for paste

Cut: This command is use to take the original object or text from its position

and save them in theclipboard for paste

NOTE : Each object or text must be selected before copy or cut. Also if an object or

text that is been copied without displaying the clipboard window, will be

deleted if another text or object is copied or cut

FONT

The font is set of command that help in typing and arranging of work. These sets of

commands are

Font Style: This command is use to change the character of a selected text or

font

Font Size: This command is use to increase or decrease the size of your

selected font or text

Grow Font: This command is use to automatically increase your selected

font.

Shrink Font: This command is use to automatically decrease your selected

 font.

Bold: This command is use to darken your selected font

I talic: This command is use to slant or bend your selected font

U nderline: This command is use to draw a line under your selected font.

Strikethrough: This command is use to draw a line across your selected font

Superscript: This command is use to raise your font up to power

Subscript: this command is use to bring down your font to the base.

Change Case: This command is use to change the font write up style to either

U PPERCASE, Sentence case, lowercase, Capitalize Each W ord, tOOGLE

cASE

Text Highlight Color: This command is use give highlighted or selected text

a particular highlight color.

Font Color: this command is use to change your font color

Font dialog box: this is the complete font box where all font command are

found

PARAGRAPH:

There are several command in the paragraph menu which are:

Bullet: The bullet command helps in numbering your work with symbols

Numbering: The numbering command helps in numbering your work

alphabetically, numerically, etc

Multilevel list: This command is use in numbering your work in a different

way.

Decrease I ndent: This command is use to move your selected font or text to

left.

I ncrease I ndent: This command is use to move your selected font or text to

the right.
 Sort: This command is use to arrange your text ascending or descending

form

Left Align: This command is use to stack your text from theleft.

Center Align: This command is use to bring your text to the centre or helps

in stacking your text in the centre.

Right align: This command is use to take your text to the right or helps in

stacking your text in theright

Line spacing: This command is use to give or determine the space you need

in between your text.

Shading: This is use to color the background behind your highlighted text.

Borders: This is use to inert border to a selected or highlighted text.

Paragraph Dialog Box: This shows the box where the entire paragraph

command found.

STYLE S:

This option helps in selecting and already edited text formant

E DI TI NG:

There are several commands on the editing menu which are

Find: The find consist of threetabs in it which are the

Find: It enables you to search or look a particular text, word or sentence in

your document.

Go to: This command is use to take you where you want to go in your

document. E.g. Paragraph, Page, etc

Replace: This command enables you to replace a word or group of words in

the document with another

 I NSE RT TAB:

Insert tab is the tabs that basically need to do with inserting shapes, table, etc. the

insert tab consist of several options which are.

PAGE S:

The pages option consist of three command which are

Cover Page: This command is use to insert an already formatted or designed cover

page to your document, all your need to do is edit.

Blank Page: This command is use to insert blank electronic page below the active

one.

Page Break: This command is use to start a next page at the current position your

cursor is.

TABLE S:

Table: This command is use to insert or draw columns and rows into your

document.

I LLU STRATI ON:

Picture: This command is use to insert an already saved picture from our computer

to your document

Clip Art: This command is use to insert clipart into your document including

drawing, movies, sound or stock photography to illustrate a specific concept

Shapes: This is use to insert ready made shape to your document such as rectangle,

oval, stars, banner, e.t.c.

Smart Art: This command is use to insert smart art graphic to visually

communicate information. Smart art graphic range from graphical list and process

diagrams to more complex graphics, such as Venn diagram and organization charts.

Chart: this command is to insert a chart to illustrate and compare data, e.g. pie, bar,
line, e.t.c
HE ADE R & FOOTE R:
The header & footer menu has three command which are

Header: this command is use to insert a text or write-up at the top of thepage.

Footer: this command is use to insert text or write-up at the down of the page.

Page Number: this command is use to insert number into your page.
NOTE : Any inserted header, footer and page number inserted will appear in your
page after printing.

TE XT:
The text menu has several command and button on it which are

Text box: this command is use to insert a box in which your text is been typed in.

Quick parts: this enable you to insert reusable pieces of content, including fields,

document properties such as title and author or any preformatted snippet you

creates.

W ord Art: this command helps you to insert decorative text to your document.

Drop Cap: this command is use to create a large capital letter at the beginning of a

paragraph

Signature line: this command is use to insert a signature line that specifies the

individual who must sign.

Date & Time: this command is use to insert the current date or time into the

current document you are working on.

Object: this command is use to insert an embedded object into the document.

SYMBOLS:

The symbols consist of two options which are

E quation: this command is use to insert common mathematical equations or build

up your own equations using a library of math symbols.

Symbols: this command is use to insert symbols that are not on your keyboard
such as copyright symbols, trademark symbols, paragraph marks and U nicode

characters.

PAGE LAYOU T TAB

This tab consists of several options which are:

THE ME S:

Themes: This command is use change the overall design of theentire document,

including colors, fonts and effects.

Themes Color: This command is use to change the color of the current theme in

your document.

Theme Font: This command is useto change the font of the current theme in your

document.

Theme E ffect: This command is use to change the effect of thecurrent theme in

your document.

PAGE SE TU P

This option is used for the setting of our electronic page and it’ s consist of several

command

Margins: This command is useselect the margin size for the entire document of the

current section.

Orientation: This command is use to switch the electronic page between landscape

and portrait.

Size: This command is use to choose the paper sizefor the current document

Columns: This command is use to split text into two or more parts in your

document.

Breaks: This command is useto add page, section or column break to thecurrent
document

Line Numbers: This command is use to add line number in the margins alongside

of each lineof the document

Hyphenation: this command allow words to break line between the syllables of

words

PAGE BACK GROU ND

This option is useto beautify your electronic page, and it’ s consist of several

command.

W atermark: This command is use to insert ghosted text behind the content of the

page. This is often use to indicatethat thedocument must to be treated specially.

Page Color: This command is use to choose a color for the background of thepage.

Page Borders: This command is useto add or change the border around thepage.

PARAGRAPH

This option is useto adjust indent and spacing in your document, and it consist of

several command.

I ndent Left: This is used to move in theleft side of a paragraph to a certain amount.

I ndent Right: This command is used to move in theright sideof a paragraph to a

certain amount.

Spacing Before: This command is use to change the spacing between paragraphs by

adding space above the selected paragraph

Spacing After: This command is use to change the spacing between paragraphs by

adding space below the selected paragraph.

ARRANGE

This option is useto arrange your object in your document and it consist of several
command.

Position: This command is use to position the selected object on thepage

Bring to Front: This command is use to bring to front a selected object so that no

part of it is hiding behind another object.

Send to Back: This command is use to send the selected object behind all objects.

Align: This command is use to align the edges of multiple selected objects. You can

also centre them or distribute them evenly across the page.

Group: this command is use to combineobjects together so that they can betreated

as one.

Rotate: This command is useto rotateor flip the selected object.

RE FE RE NCE TAB:
The reference tab consists of several commands which are discussed

TABLE OF CONTE NTS:

The table of content option consists of several commands which are

Table of contents: This command is use to add table of content to your document.

Once you have added a table of content click add text button to add entries to your

table of content

Add Test: This command is use to add current paragraph as an entry in the table of

contents

U pdate Table: This command is to update the table of contents so that all the

entries refer to thecurrent page number.

FOOTNOTE S:

The footnotes option contain several command in it which are

I nsert Footnote: this command is use to add a footnote to the document. And note
that footnote is automatically renumbered as you move your test around the

document.

I nsert E ndnote: This command is use to add an end note to your document.

Inserted endnotes are place at theend of the document.

Next Footnote: This command is use to navigate the next footnote in your

document.

Show note: this command is use to scroll the document to show where the

footnotes and endnotes located.

CI TATI ONS & BI BLI OGRAPHY:

This option consist of several command which are

I nsert Citation: This command is use to cite a book, journal article, or other

periodical as the source for a piece of information in the document.

Manage sources: This command is use to view the list of source sited in the

document.

Style: This command is use to choose the style of citation to use in the document.

Bibliography: This command is used to add a bibliography which list the entire

source cited in your document.

CAPTI ONS:

The caption consist of the following command

I nsert Caption: This command is use to add a caption to picture or other image

caption can be defined as a lineof text that appears below an object to describe it.

I nsert Table of Figures: This command is use to insert a table of figures into the

document

U pdate Table: This command is use to update the table of figures to include all of

the entries in the document

Cross-reference: This command help you refer to item such as heading figures and

table by inserting a cross reference as. “ See Table: 6 below” or “ Turn to page 8”

I NDE X:

The index option consist of several types command which are

Mark E ntry: This command includes the selected text in the index of the document

I nsert I ndex: This command is use to insert index to the document. Index is a list

of keywords found in the document along with the page numbers the words appear

on.

U pdate I ndex: This command is use to update the index so that all the entries refer

to thecorrect page number.

MAI LI NG TAB

The mailing tab consist of several option which are

CRE ATE

E nvelopes: This command enables you create envelope sizes and print envelope.

Labels: This command enables you to create and print labels.

And more much option that include Start Mail Merge, W rite and Insert Fields

Preview Result and Finish options

VI E W TAB

The view tab consist of several options which are the

DOCU ME NT VI E W

Print Layout: This command enables view the document as it will appear on the

printed page

Full Screen Reading: This command enables view the document in full screen, view

in order to maximize the space for reading or commenting on the document.

W eb Layout: This command enables view the document as it would look like as a

web page.

Outline: This command enables view the document as an outline and also views the

outline tools

Draft: This command enables view the document as draft to quickly edit the text.

Certain element in the document such as header and footer will not be visible in this

view.

SHOW /HI DE

This option deals with the activation and deactivation of

Ruler: This command turns on the ruler to measure and line up object in your

document

Gridlines: This command turns on the gridlines to which you can align object in

your document.

Message Bar: This command is use to turn on the message bar to which to

complete any requires action in your document.

Document Map: This command is use to open a document map which enable you

navigate through a structural view of the document

Thumbnails: This command opens the thumbnails pane, which you can use to

navigate a long document through a small picture of each page.

ZOOM

This option deals with the view of the document and it consist of several command

Zoom: This command is use to open the dialog box to specify the zoom level of the

document. In most cases you can also use the zoom button in thestatus bar.

100%: This command is use to view the document in 100% of the normal size

One Page: This command is use to zoom the document, so that an entire page fits

the windows

Two pages: This command is use to zoom the document so that two pages fits the

window

Page W idth: This command is use to zoom the document so the width of the page

matches the width of the window.

W I NDOW

This option deals with the effect of the entire window

New W indow: This command is use to open a new window containing a view of

the current document.

Arrange All: This command is use to tile all open program window side by side on

the screen

Remove Split: This command is use to divide the current window into two parts so

that you can view different section of the document at the same time.

View Side by Side: This command is use to view two document side by side so that

you can compare their content.

Synchronous Scrolling: This command is use to synchronous the scrolling of two

documents so that they can scroll together

Reset W indow Position: This command is use to reset the window position of the

document being compared side by side so that they share the screen equally.

Switch W indows: This command is use to switch to a currently open window.