NSF International Standard /

American National Standard

NSF/ANSI 53 - 2011
Drinking Water Treatment Units -
Health Effects
NSF International, an independent, not-
for-profit, non-governmental organization,
is dedicated to being the leading global
provider of public health and safety-based
risk management solutions while serving
the interests of all stakeholders.

This Standard is subject to revision.

Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current.

Users of this Standard may request clarifications and

interpretations, or propose revisions by contacting:
Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units
c/o NSF International
789 North Dixboro Road, P. O. Box 130140
Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140, USA
Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL
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 NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

NSF International Standard/

American National Standard
for Drinking Water Treatment Units 

Drinking water treatment units –

Health effects

Standard Developer
NSF International

NSF International Board of Directors

Designated as an ANSI Standard

April 20, 2011

American National Standards Institute

i
Prepared by
The NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units

Recommended for adoption by

The NSF Council of Public Health Consultants

Adopted by
The NSF Board of Directors
December 1981

Revised June 1982 Revised January 2002

Revised June 1988 Addendum 1.0 – 2002, June 2002
Revised May 1990 Addendum 2.0 – 2002, October 2002
Revised November 1992 Editorial Revision – November 2003
Revised September 1993 Revised July 2004
Revised March 1994 Addendum 1.0 – 2002e, August 2004
Revised March 1996 Revised February 2005
Revised September 1996 Revised January 2006
Revised September 1997 Addendum 1.0 –2006, March 2006
Revised November 1998 Revised February 2007
Revised March 1999 Revised July 2007
Revised September 1999 Addendum 1.0 – 2007, March 2008
Revised May 2000 Revised August 2009
Revised November 2000 Revised August 2010
Revised January 2001 Revised April 2011

Published by

NSF International
P. O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA

For ordering copies or for making inquiries with regard to this Standard, please reference the designation “NSF/ANSI
53 – 2011.”

Copyright 2011 NSF International

Previous editions © 2009, 2008. 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1994,
1993, 1992, 1990, 1988, 1982, 1981

Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF International.

Printed in the United States of America.

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Disclaimers1

NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to
discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF
represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance
upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including
consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon
this Standard.

NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions
for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in this Standard because governmental
agencies or other national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirements.

Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal,

local, state) shall not constitute their agency's endorsement of NSF or any of its Standards.

Preference is given to the use of performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF
Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design,
materials, or construction criteria.

The illustrations, if provided, are intended to assist in understanding their adjacent standard requirements.
However, the illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show
the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to justify
improper or incomplete design and construction.

Unless otherwise referenced, the annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The
annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying
organization.

1
The information contained in this Disclaimer is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been
processed in accordance with ANSI’s requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Disclaimer may contain material that
has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements
necessary for conformance to the Standard.

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iv
Contents

1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Minimum requirements..................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Chemical and mechanical reduction performance claims ............................................................... 2
1.5 Standard review ............................................................................................................................... 2

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................. 2

3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... 3

4 Materials ................................................................................................................................................. 7
4.1 Materials in contact with drinking water ........................................................................................... 7
4.2 Materials evaluation ......................................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis .......................................................... 8
Table 1 – Extraction testing parameters ........................................................................................ 10
Table 2 – Formulation dependent extraction testing parameters .................................................. 12
Table 3 – Materials listed in U. S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21,
not requiring formulation review .............................................................................................. 14
Table 4 – Non-specific extraction testing parameters .................................................................... 15

5 Structural performance ......................................................................................................................... 15

5.1 Structural integrity .......................................................................................................................... 15
Table 5 – Structural integrity testing requirements ........................................................................ 16

6 Minimum performance requirements .................................................................................................... 20

6.1 Performance indication of chemical reduction capacity ................................................................. 20
6.2 Elements ........................................................................................................................................ 22
6.3 Flow control .................................................................................................................................... 22
6.4 Waste connections ......................................................................................................................... 22
6.5 Product water dispensing outlets ................................................................................................... 22
6.6 Hazards .......................................................................................................................................... 23
6.7 Systems used in bottled water plants ............................................................................................ 23
6.8 Operation temperature ................................................................................................................... 23
6.9 POE rated pressure drop ............................................................................................................... 23
6.10 Minimum service flow .............................................................................................................. 23
Table 6 – Minimum service flow..................................................................................................... 24
6.11 Rated service flow ................................................................................................................... 24
6.12 Active agents and additives ..................................................................................................... 24
6.13 Media ....................................................................................................................................... 25
6.14 Filter media .............................................................................................................................. 26

7 Elective performance claims – test methods ........................................................................................ 27

7.1 General requirements .................................................................................................................... 27
7.2 Chemical reduction claims ............................................................................................................. 29
Table 7 – Chemical reduction requirements .................................................................................. 29
Table 8 – Chemical reduction requirements .................................................................................. 33
Table 9 – Radon reduction requirements....................................................................................... 36
Table 10 – Organic chemicals included by surrogate testing ........................................................ 39
7.3 Mechanical filtration reduction claims ............................................................................................ 42
7.4 Metals reduction testing ................................................................................................................. 55
Table 11 – Chemical reduction requirements ................................................................................ 56
Table 12 – Arsenic reduction requirements (Trivalent challenge) ................................................. 59
Table 13 – General metals reduction requirements....................................................................... 63

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 Table 14 – Lead reduction requirements ....................................................................................... 66
Table 15 – Mercury reduction requirements .................................................................................. 72

8 Instruction and information ................................................................................................................... 74

8.1 Installation, operation, and maintenance instructions .................................................................... 74
8.2 Data plate ....................................................................................................................................... 76
8.3 Replacement components ............................................................................................................. 78
8.4 Performance data sheet ................................................................................................................. 79
Table 16 – Performance data sheet reduction claims ................................................................... 79
Table 17 – Performance data sheet reduction claims for organic chemicals ................................ 81
Table 18 – Performance data sheet performance claims for percent reduction ............................ 82

Annex A ................................................................................................................................................. A1
A.1 Summary of method ....................................................................................................................... A1
A.2 Equipment ...................................................................................................................................... A1
A.3 Reagents ........................................................................................................................................ A2
A.4 Safety ............................................................................................................................................. A2
A.5 Enumeration of stock oocyst suspension....................................................................................... A3
A.6 Procedure ....................................................................................................................................... A4
A.7 Quality control ................................................................................................................................ A7
A.8 Analyst verification ......................................................................................................................... A9
Table A1 – Ethanol/glycerol series .............................................................................................. A10
Table A2 – Suggested sample volumes for 25 mm membrane filters ......................................... A10
Table A3 – Quality control acceptance criteria for performance tests ......................................... A10

Annex B ................................................................................................................................................. B1
B.1 Summary of method ....................................................................................................................... B1
B.2 Equipment ...................................................................................................................................... B1
B.3 Reagents ........................................................................................................................................ B1
B.4 Enumeration of stock microspheres............................................................................................... B2
B.5 Procedure ....................................................................................................................................... B2
B.6 Quality control ................................................................................................................................ B4
B.7 Analyst verification ......................................................................................................................... B6
Table B1 – Suggested sample volumes for 25 mm membrane filters ........................................... B7
Table B2 – Quality control acceptance criteria for performance tests for microspheres ............... B7

Annex C .................................................................................................................................................C1
C.1 Example fact section for pentavalent arsenic treatment systems ..................................................C1
C.2 Example fact section for arsenic treatment systems .....................................................................C2

Annex D .................................................................................................................................................D1
D.1 Marking the product .......................................................................................................................D1
D.2 Listing certified companies .............................................................................................................D1
D.3 Annual audits .................................................................................................................................D1
D.4 Testing ...........................................................................................................................................D2
D.5 Toxicological evaluation of materials formulations ........................................................................D2
D.6 Corrective action ............................................................................................................................D2
D.7 Enforcement ...................................................................................................................................D2
D.8 Administrative review .....................................................................................................................D2
D.9 Appeals ..........................................................................................................................................D2
D.10 Complaints ...............................................................................................................................D3
D.11 Advertising ...............................................................................................................................D3
D.12 Records ...................................................................................................................................D3
D.13 Public notice ............................................................................................................................D3
D.14 Confidentiality ..........................................................................................................................D3

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Foreword2

The purpose of this Standard is to establish minimum requirements for materials, design and
construction, and performance of drinking water treatment systems that are designed to reduce specific
health-related contaminants in public or private water supplies. NSF/ANSI 53 specifies minimum product
literature requirements that manufacturers must provide to authorized representatives and owners.

This edition of the Standard contains the following revisions:

Issue 77

This revision clarifies the rated service flow requirement by not allowing a rated service flow to be less
than the required minimum service flow.

Issue 78

EPA methods for 524.2 and 524.3 for VOC analysis were added to Table 7.

This Standard was developed by the NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units using the
consensus process described by the American National Standards Institute.

Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. Comments should be sent to Chair, Joint
Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units, c/o NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box
130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA.

2
The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been
processed in accordance with ANSI’s requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that
has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements
necessary for conformance to the Standard.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

NSF/ANSI Standard
for Drinking Water Treatment Units —

Drinking water treatment units —

Health effects

1 General
1.1 Purpose

It is the purpose of this Standard to establish minimum requirements for materials, design and
construction, and performance of point-of-use and point-of-entry drinking water treatment systems that
are designed to reduce specific health-related contaminants in public or private water supplies. Such
systems include point-of-entry drinking water treatment systems used to treat all or part of the water at the
inlet to a residential facility or a bottled water production facility, and includes the material and
components used in these systems. This Standard also specifies the minimum product literature and
labeling information that a manufacturer shall supply to authorized representatives and system owners,
as well as the minimum service-related obligations that the manufacturer shall extend to system owners.

1.2 Scope

The point-of-use and point-of-entry systems addressed by this Standard are designed to be used for the
reduction of specific substances that may be present in drinking water (public or private). These
substances are considered established or potential health hazards. They may be microbiological,
chemical, or particulate (including filterable cysts) in nature. It is recognized that a system may be
effective in controlling one or more of these contaminants, but systems are not required to control all.
Activated carbon filter systems covered by this Standard are not intended to be used with water that is
microbiologically unsafe or of unknown quality without adequate disinfection before or after the system.

1.3 Minimum requirements

A system as defined in this standard shall meet the applicable requirements of 4, 5, 6, and 8, plus at least
one performance claim as described in 7.

A component as defined in this standard shall meet the requirements of 4 and 8. If the component is
pressure-bearing, it shall also meet the applicable requirements of 5.

A commercial modular system as defined in this standard shall meet the applicable requirements of 4, 5,
6, and 8, plus at least one performance claim as described in 7. Manifolds of commercial modular
systems shall meet the requirements of 4, 5 (if pressure bearing), and 8, and shall be evaluated as stand-
alone components. Manifolds shall have a minimum internal diameter such that the water velocity in the
manifold will not exceed 3 m (10 ft) per second (which can be calculated based upon the system flow rate
and the manifold internal diameter). Individual modular elements evaluated as a manifold and modular
element combination shall meet the applicable requirements of 4, 5, 6, and 8, plus at least one
performance claim as described in 7.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

1.4 Chemical and mechanical reduction performance claims

1.4.1 All performance claims shall be verified and substantiated by test data generated under the
requirements of this Standard.

1.4.2 When performance claims are made for substances not specifically addressed in the scope of
this Standard or for those substances not specifically addressed but falling under the scope of NSF/ANSI
53, those claims not specifically addressed in the Standard shall be so identified.

1.5 Standard review

This Standard shall be reviewed at least once every five years. The review shall be conducted by the
NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units.

2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions that constitute requirements of this Standard. At the time of
publication, the indicated editions were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the recent editions of the standards indicated below.

APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, twentieth edition3

NSF/ANSI 42 – 2001. Drinking water treatment units — Aesthetic effects

NSF/ANSI 60 – 2005. Drinking water treatment chemicals — Health effects

NSF/ANSI 61 – 2005. Drinking water system components — Health effects

SAE Standard J726 – June 1993. Air Cleaner Test Code4

USEPA–100.1. Analytical Method for Determination of Asbestos Fibers in Water, formerly USEPA-600/4-
83-0435

USEPA–600/4 – 79/020. Methods for the Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, March 19835

USEPA–600/4 – 84/053. Methods for Organic Chemical Analysis of Municipal and Industrial Wastewater,
June 19845

USEPA–600/4 – 91/010. Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples, June 19935

USEPA–600/4 – 88/039. Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water,
December 19885

USEPA–600/4 – 90/020. Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water –
Supplement 1, July 19905

USEPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, 40 CFR Part 146

3
American Public Health Association (APHA), 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001 <www.apha.org>.
4
Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 <www.sae.org>.
5
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH
45268 <www.epa.gov>.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

USEPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, 40 CFR Part 1366

USEPA National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations, 40 CFR Part 1436

USEPA ICR Protozoan Method for the Detecting Giardia Cysts and Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water by
a Fluorescent Antibody Procedure, EPA/814-B-95-003, June 19956

USFDA Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, (Food and Drugs) Direct Food Additive Substances Parts
170 through 199, April 1, 19926

3 Definitions
The following terms are used in this document:

3.1 absorption: The physical process occurring when one substance actually penetrates the structure of
another substance, termed the absorbent.

3.2 accessible: Fabricated to be exposed for cleaning and inspection using simple tools (e. g.,
screwdriver, pliers, open-end wrench).

3.3 active agent: A substance or medium, added to or involved in the treatment process, that requires
direct or sacrificial release of the agent or degraded product to reduce specific contaminants in the water.

3.4 additive: A substance added to water, directly or indirectly, during a drinking water treatment
process.

3.5 adsorption: The physical process occurring when liquids, gases, or dissolved or suspended matter
adhere to the surface of, or in the pores of, an adsorbent medium. Adsorption is a physical process that
occurs without chemical reaction.

3.6 advisory concentration: The minimum concentration attainable for a given substance using good
manufacturing practices and appropriate process controls. In some cases, the advisory concentration is
equal to the limit of detection of the preferred analytical method for the substance.

3.7 aesthetic: Pertaining to factors such as taste, odor, color, and appearance that affect drinking water
and, therefore, may deter acceptance of public and private drinking water.

3.8 air gap: An unobstructed vertical distance of 2 pipe diameters or 25 mm (1 in), whichever is greater,
through the free atmosphere between the outlet of the waste pipe and the flood level rim of the receptacle
into which it is discharging.

3.9 backwash: The upflow or counter-current flow of water through a filter medium, for the purpose of
thoroughly expanding the medium to remove foreign particulate matter accumulated during the service
cycle and flushing it to the drain.

3.10 bed volume: Total volume of the media including the void spaces between the medium particles.

3.11 bypass: (verb) To flow around a water treatment system or its media. (noun) A valve system that
allows water to flow around the water treatment system while the system is being regenerated or
serviced.

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Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 <www.gpo.gov>.

3
© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

3.12 capacity: The rated service cycle, expressed as a function of time or volume, of water treated by
a system, between servicing of the media (cleaning, regeneration, or replacement), as specified by the
manufacturer.

3.13 chemical reduction: The reduction in the quantity of one or more specified organic or inorganic
contaminants in drinking water.

3.14 clean system: A unit that has not been subjected to an influent challenge containing a specified
contaminant(s).

3.15 commercial modular system: A system consisting of multiple modular elements attached to a
manifold, produced specifically for food service applications, installed by an authorized plumber or
authorized agent of the manufacturer, and not intended for use in residential applications.

3.16 component: A separate or distinct part of a drinking water treatment system.

3.17 contaminant: Any undesirable physical, chemical, or microbiological substance in drinking water
that may have an adverse health or aesthetic effect, or both.

3.18 cyst: The resistant stage in the life cycle of waterborne protozoa that may be found in surface
drinking water supplies and includes oocysts of Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma and cysts of Giardia
and Entamoeba.

3.19 degradation product: A product of an active agent or additive that has been altered by
biological, chemical, or physical interaction.

3.20 disposable pressure vessel: A pressure vessel that is to be replaced at the end of each rated
service cycle and has an estimated service life of one year or less.

3.21 drinking water: Water that is intended for human consumption.

3.22 exposure water: Water having definitive characteristics, prior to contact with a system or
component(s) in extraction procedures.

3.23 extractant water: Water that has been in contact with a system or component(s) for a specified
duration.

3.24 fiber: A particle with a length three or more times its width or diameter (excludes organisms).

3.25 filter: (verb) To pass water containing particles through a semi-permeable material (e. g.,
charcoal, fabric, filament) to separate the particles from the water. (noun) A system for carrying out the
process of filtration; it consists of the filter medium and suitable hardware for constraining and supporting
the filter medium in the path of the water.

3.26 filter area: The effective area at which water first contacts the filter medium.

3.27 filter medium: The semi-permeable material used to separate particulate matter from water.

3.28 filtration: The process by which particles are separated from water by passing water through a
permeable material.

3.29 flow rate: The volume of water that passes through a system in a specified amount of time.

3.30 influent challenge: The mixture of water and contaminants entering a system.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

3.31 initial dynamic pressure: The pressure as measured at a pressure gauge immediately
preceding connection to the system being tested (see figure 1) when the system is filled with water and
flowing.

3.32 maximum contaminant concentration (MCC): The maximum permissible concentration of a

contaminant in drinking water as established by a recognized regulatory agency, such as the USEPA or
Health Canada.

3.33 maximum contaminant level (MCL): The maximum permissible concentration of a contaminant
or substance in drinking water, as established in the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations.

3.34 maximum drinking water level (MDWL): The maximum concentration of a contaminant or
substance in drinking water that a system is allowed to contribute to the effluent, as established in this
Standard.

3.35 mechanical filtration system: A system that mechanically separates particulate matter from
water.

3.36 medium (media): The selected material in a system that forms a water-permeable barrier to the
passage of certain contaminants.

3.37 medium migration: The entrainment of a fraction of the medium into the effluent.

3.38 microbiologically unsafe water: Water that (1) is known to contain disease-causing bacteria,
viruses, protozoa, or other disease-causing microbiological agents; (2) shows a positive test for an
indicator organism; or (3) is determined unsafe by an appropriate health or regulatory agency.

3.39 modular element: A replaceable filtration or treatment element designed and sold as a
component for use in commercial modular systems.

3.40 open discharge system: A system not subject to line pressure during the off mode.

3.41 point-of-entry (POE) system: A drinking water treatment unit with a minimum initial clean-
system flow rate of not less than 15 L/min at 103 kilopascals pressure drop and 18 ± 5 °C water
temperature (not less than 4 gal/min at 15 psig pressure drop and 65 ± 10 °F water temperature) used to
treat the water supply at a building or facility for drinking and for washing, flushing, or for other non-
consumption water supply purposes in addition to the drinking water supply.

3.42 point-of-use (POU) system: A plumbed-in or faucet-mounted drinking water treatment unit used
to treat the drinking and/or cooking water at a single tap or multiple taps but not used to treat the majority
of water used for washing and flushing or other non-consumption purposes at a building or facility. Any
batch system or device not connected to the plumbing system is considered a point-of-use system.

3.43 pressure drop: The difference between the inlet and outlet pressures of a system at the rated
service flow rate.

3.44 pressure vessel: A component of a system intended to hold water under pressure higher than
atmospheric pressure.

3.45 product water: Water that has been treated by a system.

3.46 rated service cycle: The capacity of a system expressed as a function of time, or volume of
water to be treated, between cleaning replacement or regeneration of the media, as specified by the
manufacturer.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

3.47 rated service flow: The flow rate at which the system will deliver treated water of acceptable
quality, as claimed by the manufacturer. Flow rate is expressed as liters (gallons) per minute, or liters
(gallons) per day.

3.48 raw water: Untreated water or any influent water before it enters a specific water treatment
component or system.

3.49 readily accessible: Fabricated to be exposed for cleaning and inspection without using tools.

3.50 readily (or easily) removable: Capable of being separated from the system without using tools.

3.51 refrigerator filter: A filter system incorporated into a residential refrigerator appliance.

3.52 regeneration: The maintenance process that restores a medium to perform its water treatment
function(s).

3.53 replacement component: A replaceable, preformed, or prepackaged component containing a

medium (media).

3.54 secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL): The maximum permissible level of a
contaminant or substance in drinking water, as established in the National Secondary Drinking Water
Regulations.

3.55 system: A complete water treatment device, including all components needed to connect it to a
potable water supply.

3.56 total dissolved solids (TDS): The remaining solids from a filtrate evaporated to dryness and
dried to a constant weight at 180 C (356 F) after passing through a glass fiber filter.

3.57 turbidity: A condition caused by the presence of suspended matter, or colloidal matter, or both,
which results in the scattering and absorption of light rays.

3.58 unit void volume: Total water holding volume with the filter medium, components, or both in
place.

3.59 unit volume: Total water holding volume without the filter medium, components, or both, in
place.

3.60 watertight: Having such precision of construction and fit as to be impermeable to water.

3.61 weepage: The formation of bubbles or droplets of water on the outside of a fiber glass tank
during the initial phase of a pressure test, due to the expression of water that was trapped between the
tank liner and the fiberglass wrap during the tank manufacturer’s testing.

3.62 working pressure: Feedwater or inlet water pressure to a system.

3.62.1 maximum working pressure: The maximum operating pressure recommended by the
manufacturer.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

4 Materials
4.1 Materials in contact with drinking water

POE drinking water treatment units shall conform to the protocol and criteria in NSF/ANSI 61.

POU drinking water treatment units shall conform to the protocol and criteria in this section. Materials in
contact with drinking water shall not impart levels of extractable contaminants that exceed the MCC or
MDWL values specified in Tables 1 and 2 when evaluated and tested in accordance with 4.2.

NOTE – The concentration of active agents or additives used in the drinking water treatment process shall
be evaluated in the product water as specified in 6.12. The concentration of active agents or additives used
in the drinking water treatment process shall not be evaluated during extraction testing.

4.1.1 Complete formulation information on any material not certified as specifically compliant with the
sections of the U. S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, listed in Table 3, shall be reviewed to
determine whether the material presents a health effects concern in contact with drinking water and to
assess the material's potential for contributing contaminants to the drinking water. As a minimum level of
information for those materials requiring submission of formulation information, the complete chemical
identity and proportion by weight (in some cases approximate weights or proportions may suffice) and
ingredient sources of supply shall be provided.

The following additional information is required when available;

- a list of the known or suspected impurities within the product or material and the maximum
percent or parts by weight of each impurity;

- the water solubility, hydrolysis products, and extraction rates of chemicals within the product or
material; and

- a list of toxicological studies relevant to the chemicals and impurities present in the product,
component, or material.

4.1.2 The product shall be tested in accordance with 4.2.3. If the product does not impart a
concentration of an extractable contaminant at a level that exceeds either the MCC, MDWL, or advisory
concentrations in Tables 1, 2, or 4, the product shall be deemed to have met the requirements of this
section. If the product does impart a concentration of an extractable contaminant at a level that exceeds
the advisory concentration, but not the MCC or MDWL, the product shall be deemed to have met the
requirements of this section, but the manufacturer shall be notified of the concentration of the extractable
contaminant, and a new product sample shall be immediately retested in accordance with 4.2.3.6. For the
parameters in Table 4, the required follow-up analyses shall also be performed after the product has been
exposed according to 4.2.3.6, if they were not performed as part of the initial exposure under 4.2.3.2.

4.1.3 Whole-system extraction testing may be waived if components, when separately tested, meet the
requirements of this Standard and are assembled in a manner that does not introduce any new
components, increase the surface area-to-volume ratio of previously evaluated components, or present
potential concern based on cumulative factors.

4.2 Materials evaluation

4.2.1 Analytical methods

All analyses shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable method(s) referenced in 2.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

4.2.2 Exposure water

Systems and components shall be exposed to locally available tap water that has been adjusted to
contain 50 ± 5 mg/L total dissolved solids and 0.5 ± 0.05 mg/L free available chlorine, and to have a pH of
6.75 ± 0.25. Exposure water used to evaluate systems or components shall be 23 ± 2 C (73 ± 3 F). Any
existing concentrations of extraction testing parameters listed in Tables 1, 2, and 4 found to be present in
the exposure water shall be subtracted from the values obtained in the analysis of the extractant water.

4.2.3 Exposure

4.2.3.1 The system or component(s) of a system shall be installed, flushed, and conditioned in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the exposure water specified in 4.2.2 at an initial
inlet static pressure of 340 kPa (50 psig).

4.2.3.2 The system or component(s) shall be refilled with the exposure water specified in 4.2.2 and
maintained for 24 h at a temperature of 23 ± 2 C (73 ± 3 F). A 2-L water sample shall then be collected
in accordance with 4.2.3.3. The system or component(s) shall be flushed according to the manufacturer’s
instructions, refilled, and maintained for another 24 h at a temperature of 23 ± 2 C (73 ± 3F). A second
2-L water sample shall be collected in accordance with 4.2.3.3. The system or component(s) shall again
be flushed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, refilled, and maintained for a third period of 24 h
at a temperature of 23 ± 2 C (73 ± 3 F). A third 2-L water sample shall be collected in accordance with
4.2.3.3.

4.2.3.3 A minimum sample volume of 2 L shall be collected at each sample point. If the water-holding
volume of the product is greater than 2 L, the entire volume shall be collected in a suitable collection
vessel, and a 2-L subsample obtained from this volume. If the water-holding volume of the product is less
than 2 L, sufficient samples shall be exposed to provide the required 2-L volume of extractant water.

4.2.3.4 All samples collected shall be composited and analyzed in accordance the applicable methods
referenced in 2.

4.2.3.5 Systems with adsorptive or absorptive media shall be tested with and without the media. Testing
without media shall include removal of any granular adsorptive or absorptive media, and removal of any
adsorptive or absorptive replacement elements.

4.2.3.6 If the level of an extractable contaminant exceeds an advisory concentration in Tables 1, 2, or 4,

the 72-h test exposure sequence in 4.2.3.2 shall be repeated three times using a new product sample(s).
The extractant water from the third 24-h exposure of the third 72-h exposure sequence shall be analyzed
to determine whether the concentration of the extractable contaminant has been reduced to a
concentration less than or equal to the advisory concentration.

4.3 Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis

4.3.1 General requirements for GC/MS analysis

The minimum instrument operation requirements for GC/MS analysis shall be in accordance with USEPA
Method 625 with the addition of the following modifications:

– The average chromatographic peak area of each internal standard in the calibration curve shall
be determined. The chromatographic peak area of each internal standard in the continuing
calibration shall be greater than 50% and not more than 200% of that average;

– While a continuing calibration check (CCC) is performed, concentrations of 10% of the target
compounds for each analysis (e. g. base/neutral, base/neutral/acid, acid) shall be allowed to fall
outside the range of 70% to 130% (outlier) of the true value. None of the concentrations shall be
allowed to fall below 50% or above 200% of the true value. If a positive sample analyte result is

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

identified for any outlier, a second CCC shall be performed. If the second CCC determines the
sample analyte result no longer to be an outlier, the sample shall be reanalyzed. However, if the
second CCC also determines the analyte to be an outlier, a new calibration curve shall be
determined and the sample shall be reanalyzed;

– If commercially available mass spectral libraries are utilized, a minimum size of 100,000
compounds shall be required.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

Table 1 – Extraction testing parameters

Maximum
Maximum drinking
contaminant
Parameter water level (MDWL) Advisory concentration mg/L USEPA method(s)
concentration
mg/L
(MCC) mg/L
aluminum ― 0.5 0.05 – 0.21 200.7, 200.8
antimony 0.006 ― ― 200.8, 200.9
arsenic 0.010 ― ― 200.8, 200.9
barium 2.0 ― 0.052 200.7, 200.8
beryllium 0.004 ― detected3 200.7, 200.8, 200.9
cadmium 0.005 ― detected3 200.8, 200.9
chromium 0.1 ― ― 200.7, 200.8, 200.9
copper 1.3 ― 0.052, 4 200.7, 200.8
lead 0.010 ― 0.0052, 3, 4, 5 200.8, 200.9
manganese ― 0.3 0.051 200.7, 200.8
mercury 0.002 ― detected3 200.8, 245.1
nickel ― 0.1 0.052 200.7, 200.8
selenium 0.05 ― ― 200.8, 200.9
thallium 0.002 detected3 200.8, 200.9
volatile organic compounds (includes)6
total ― ― 0.0102 502.2, 524.2
benzene 0.005 ― detected3, 5 502.2, 524.2
carbon disulfide ― 0.7 ― GC/PID, 524.2
carbon tetrachloride 0.005 ― detected3 502.2, 524.2
1,2-dichloroethane 0.005 ― detected5 502.2, 524.2
1,1-dichloroethylene 0.007 ― ― 502.2, 524.2
dichloromethane 0.005 ― detected5 502.2, 524.2
1,2-dichloropropane 0.005 ― detected5 502.2, 524.2
ethylbenzene 0.7 ― 0.0052 502.2, 524.2
styrene 0.1 ― 0.0052 502.2, 524.2
tetrachloroethylene 0.005 ― detected5 502.2, 524.2
toluene 1.0 ― 0.0052 502.2, 524.2
total trihalomethanes 0.080 ― ― 502.2, 524.2
bromodichloromethane ― ― 0.0052, 5 502.2, 524.2
bromoform ― ― 0.0052, 5 502.2, 524.2
chlorodibromomethane ― ― 0.0052, 5 502.2, 524.2

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

Table 1 – Extraction testing parameters

Maximum
Maximum drinking
contaminant
Parameter water level (MDWL) Advisory concentration mg/L USEPA method(s)
concentration
mg/L
(MCC) mg/L
chloroform ― ― 0.0052, 5 502.2, 524.2
1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.2 ― 0.0052 502.2, 524.2
1,1,2-trichloroethane 0.005 ― ― 502.2, 524.2
trichloroethylene 0.005 ― ― 502.2, 524.2
vinyl chloride 0.002 ― detected2, 5 502.2, 524.2
o-,m-,p-xylene 10 ― 0.0052 502.2, 524.2
1
Based on the final USEPA Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level published in 56FR3573. For aluminum, the high level of 0.2 mg/L is shown to allow for
products such as activated aluminum media.
2
Contaminant potentially contributed by other sources in the distribution and plumbing system.
3
Contaminant should not be intentionally present in drinking water treatment unit systems.
4
Subpopulations exist that are sensitive to exposure to this contaminant.
5
Contaminant has a Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) of zero.
6
The referenced method includes approximately 60 chemicals. Testing for the chemicals as specifically listed is required. Others, if detected, shall be treated as
having a 0.005 mg/L advisory concentration. An advisory concentration of 0.010 mg/L applies to total organic compounds.
– concluded –

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

Table 2 – Formulation dependent extraction testing parameters

Maximum drinking
Maximum contaminant Advisory concentration
Parameter water level (MDWL) USEPA method(s)
concentration (MCC) mg/L mg/L
mg/L
tin ― ― 0.05 200.8, 200.9
zinc ― ― 5.01 200.7, 200.8
nitrate (as N) 10.0 ― 1.02, 3 300
nitrite (as N) 1.0 ― 0.12, 3 300
nitrate plus nitrite (as N) 10.0 ― 1.02, 3 ―
sulfate ― ― 402 300
sulfite ― ― 0.52 377.1
acrylonitrile ― ― 0.0052 524.2
1,4-dioxane ― 0.03 0.0052 524.2
dimethylformamide ― 0.050 0.030
melamine ― 3 0.3 HPLC/UV
formaldehyde ― 1 0.12, 3 ―
di-2-ethylhexyl adipate 0.4 ― ― 525.2
phthalate scan (includes):
butyl benzyl phthalate ― 1 0.0102
di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.006 ― ―
di-n-butyl phthalate ― 0.7 0.0102 6254, 525.2
di-n-octyl phthalate ― ― 0.0102
diethyl phthalate ― 6 0.0102
dimethyl phthalate ― ― 0.0102
polynuclear aromatics (includes):
naphthalene ― 0.1 0.0012
acenaphthylene ― ― 0.0022
acenaphthene ― ― 0.0012
fluorene ― ― detected2
phenanthrene ― ― detected2
anthracene ― ― detected2 550.1, 525.2
fluoranthene ― ― detected2
pyrene ― ― detected2
benzo(a)anthracene ― ― detected2
chrysene ― ― detected2
benzo(b)fluoranthene ― ― detected2
benzo(k)fluoranthene ― ― detected2

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

Table 2 – Formulation dependent extraction testing parameters

Maximum drinking
Maximum contaminant Advisory concentration
Parameter water level (MDWL) USEPA method(s)
concentration (MCC) mg/L mg/L
mg/L
benzo(a)pyrene 0.0002 ― ―
dibenzo(a,h)anthra-cene ― ― detected2
550.1, 525.2
benzo(g,h,i)perylene ― ― detected2
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene ― ― detected2
nitrosamines (includes):
n-nitroso-di-n-butyl amine ― 0.00006 detected2
n-nitrosodimethyl-amine ― 0.000007 detected2 6254
n-nitrosodiphenyl-amine ― 0.07 detected2
n-nitroso-di-npropylamine ― 0.0005 detected2
acetone ― 6 0.12, 3 GC/FID or PID5, 524.2
cyclohexanone ― 30 0.0052, 3 GC/FID or PID5, 524.2
methyl ethyl ketone ― 4 0.12, 3 502.2, 524.2
methanol ― 4 0.42, 3 GC/FID5
tetrahydrofuran ― 1 0.12, 3 GC/FID or PID5, 524.2
1
Based on the final USEPA Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level published in 56 FR 3573.
2
Contaminant potentially contributed by other sources in the distribution and plumbing system.
3
Advisory concentration set at 10% of the MDWL value.
4
Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry.
5
Gas chromatography, with detection by flame ionization or photoionization.

NOTE – Formulation-dependent extraction testing parameters not listed in this Table shall have a corresponding MDWL established in accordance with the
procedures in NSF/ANSI 61, Annex A.

– concluded –

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Table 3 – Materials listed in U. S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21,

not requiring formulation review

Sections Material
172.880
petrolatum
178.3700
172.888
synthetic petroleum wax
178.3720
172.878 white mineral oil
172.884 odorless white petroleum hydrocarbons
172.886
petroleum wax
178.3710
Ion exchange resins – provided that the sub-section stating the composition of
173.25 the resin is specified.
173.65 divinyl benzene copolymer
178.3620 mineral oil
Direct food substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe – when used in
Part 184 accordance with any conditions of use specified for the substance.
Solvents that may be considered for solvent bonding without review are limited to
acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and tetrahydrofuran. Mixtures such
as solvent cements shall be evaluated against NSF/ANSI 61 or shall be subject to
formulation review.
solvents
NOTE – Solvent bonding is not recommended, as solvents soak into synthetic
materials and leach back out into water at relatively high levels for long periods of
time. In addition, solvents can contaminate the work area and can be adsorbed by
carbon in the work area. Solvents that have been reprocessed or recycled shall not
be used.

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Table 4 – Non-specific extraction testing parameters

Advisory
Required USEPA
concentration Additional testing1
parameter method(s)
(mg/L)
analysis for specific phenolic
phenolics 0.05 420.4 compound(s) in material formulations,
Base/Neutral/Acid scan by GC/MS2
analysis for specific compound(s) in
material formulations, Base/Neutral/Acid
total organic
1.0 415.2 scan by GC/MS2 (for non-polar
carbon (TOC)
compounds), LC/MS3 (for target polar
compounds)
Formulation Advisory
USEPA
dependent concentration Additional testing1
method(s)
parameter (mg/L)
total dissolved
50 160.1 no follow-up recommended
solids (TDS)
analysis for specific compound(s) in
material formulations, ammonium
total kjeldahl
0.5 351.2 analysis, Base/Neutral scan by GC/MS2
nitrogen (TKN)
(for non-polar compounds), LC/MS3 (for
target polar compounds)
1
The additional testing required may include one or more of the analyses.
2
Gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS)
3
Liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy (LC/MS)

5 Structural performance
5.1 Structural integrity

The purpose for testing structural integrity performance is to evaluate the materials, design, and
fabrication quality of the complete water treatment system.

5.1.1 Acceptance

Each test of structural integrity (cyclic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and burst pressure) shall be
performed on a separate system. If the complete water treatment system is tested, a separate test of the
system pressure vessel is not required.

Complete systems, pressure vessels, and components shall be tested for structural integrity in
accordance with 5.1.3 at the pressures specified in Table 5. When more than one pressure is specified in
Table 5, testing shall be done at the higher pressure.

Complete systems, pressure vessels, and components shall be watertight when tested for structural
integrity under 5.1.3.

NOTE – Weepage shall be considered acceptable at the beginning of a test, but weepage shall not begin in
the middle of a test.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

Table 5 – Structural integrity testing requirements

Hydrostatic pressure
Complete systems Burst pressure test1 Cyclic pressure test1
test1
Complete systems with 3 x maximum working 100,000 cycles at 0 to 1,040
pressure vessels having a pressure or 2,070 kPa none kPa (0 to 150 psig) or
diameter < 203 mm (8 in) (300 psig) maximum working pressure
Complete systems with 1.5 x maximum
100,000 cycles at 0 to 1,040
pressure vessels having a maximum working
none kPa (0 to 150 psig) or
diameter of ≥ 203 mm (8 pressure or 1,040 kPa
maximum working pressure
in) (150 psig)
Complete systems 1.5 x maximum
10,000 cycles at 0 to 345
designed for open working pressure or none
kPa (0 to 50 psig)
discharge2 1,040 kPa (150 psig)
Complete portable
1.5 x maximum
systems pressurized by none none
working pressure
user3
Metallic pressure vessels 3 x maximum working 100,000 cycles at 0 to 1,040
having a diameter < 203 pressure or 2,070 kPa none kPa (0 to 150 psig) or
mm (8 in)4 (300 psig) maximum working pressure
Metallic pressure vessels 1.5 x maximum 100,000 cycles at 0 to 1,040
having a diameter of ≥ 203 working pressure or none kPa (0 to 150 psig) or
mm (8 in)4 1,040 kPa (150 psig) maximum working pressure
Nonmetallic pressure 3 x maximum working 4 x maximum working 100,000 cycles at 0 to 1,040
vessels having a diameter pressure or 2,070 kPa pressure or 2,760 kPa(0 to 150 psig) or
< 203 mm (8 in) (300 psig) kPa (400 psig) maximum working pressure
Nonmetallic pressure 1.5 x maximum 4 x maximum working 100,000 cycles at 0 to 1,040
vessels having a diameter working pressure or pressure or 2,760 kPa (0 to 150 psig) or
of ≥ 203 mm (8 in) 1,040 kPa (150 psig) kPa (400 psig) maximum working pressure
Disposable metallic 3 x maximum working 10,000 cycles at 0 to 1,040
pressure vessels and pressure or 2,070 kPa none kPa (0 to 150 psig) or
components (300 psig) maximum working pressure
Disposable nonmetallic 3 x maximum working 4 x maximum working 10,000 cycles at 0 to 1,040
pressure vessels and pressure or 2,070 pressure or 2,760 kPa (0 to 150 psig) or
components kPa(300 psig) kPa (400 psig) maximum working pressure
100,000 cycles at 0 to 1,040
Valves and controls5 none none kPa (0 to 150 psig) or
maximum working pressure
1
When a choice is given in the Table, testing shall be done at the greater pressure.
2
Components downstream of the system on/off valve that are not subject to pressure under the off mode, and
that either contain no media subject to plugging or are not designed to contain media, shall be exempt from the
hydrostatic pressure test, but shall be watertight in normal use. Components that are downstream of the system
on/off valve, but upstream of media subject to clogging, shall meet the requirements of this section.
3
Portable systems designed to utilize only atmospheric pressure or gravity flow shall be exempt from the
hydrostatic pressure test, but shall be watertight in normal use.
4
Metallic pressure vessels require measurement of circumference and head deflection. The pressure vessel
circumference shall not exhibit a permanent increase of more than 0.2% when measured at the midsection and at
30-cm (12-in) intervals. The top and bottom head deflection of the pressure vessel shall not exhibit a permanent
deflection exceeding 0.5% of the vessel diameter.
5
Subject to line pressure and tested as separate components

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

5.1.2 Working pressure

5.1.2.1 The pressure vessel(s) and all other components of a water treatment system that are subject to
line pressure shall be designed and constructed to maintain structural integrity at a pressure of 690 kPa
(100 psig) or the maximum working pressure, whichever is greater.

5.1.2.2 Portable systems not designed for direct connection to a pressurized supply line shall be
designed and constructed to maintain structure under the maximum pressure of the intended end-use.

5.1.3 Structural integrity test methods

5.1.3.1 Apparatus

An enclosure shall be provided for each system tested to prevent injury to personnel or property damage
if the system fails. An apparatus that may be used for the cyclic and hydrostatic test is shown
schematically in figure 1. Pressure measuring instruments shall have a precision and accuracy of 2% at
the point of measurement.

5.1.3.2 Hydrostatic pressure test – complete systems

Systems designed to operate only at atmospheric pressure shall be exempt from the hydrostatic pressure
test but shall be watertight in normal use. Components downstream of the system on/off valve that are
not subject to pressure under the off mode, and that either contain no media subject to plugging or are
not designed to contain media, shall be exempt from the hydrostatic pressure test but shall be watertight
in normal use. Components that are downstream of the system on/off valve but upstream of media
subject to clogging shall meet the requirements of this section. The following procedure shall be used for
the hydrostatic pressure testing of other complete systems:

1) Use a water temperature of 13 to 24 C (55 to 75 F). Adjust the test water to a temperature
at which condensation will not form on the surface of the test unit.

2) Connect the inlet of the test system to the apparatus shown in figure 1. The system shall be
in conformance with its normal state of use, with the option of plugging drain lines.

3) Fill the test system with water. Flush to purge air from the system.

4) Raise the hydrostatic pressure at a constant rate so that the test pressure specified in
Table 5 is reached within 5 min. The rate of pressure increase shall not be more than 690 kPa
(100 psig) per second.

5) Maintain the test pressure for 15 min. Inspect the system periodically through the end of the
test period to check if the system is watertight.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

Pump Counter

Low
level
alarm

Solenoid
valves

Close up of cyclic controllers

Cycle timer

Basic hydrostatic and cyclic testing

Pressure Pressure Solenoid

relief gauge valve

Sump Air
Low
level cushion
alarm tank
Test
unit

Drain
Figure 1 – Structural testing apparatus

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

5.1.3.3 Hydrostatic pressure test – metallic pressure vessels

The permanent increase in the circumference of the pressure vessel shall not be more than 0.2% of the
original circumference when the vessel is tested in accordance with the procedures below. The
circumference shall be measured at the midpoint of the side wall of the vessel and at 30-cm (12-in)
intervals. The top or bottom head deflection of the pressure vessel shall not exhibit a permanent
deflection exceeding 0.5% of the vessel diameter.

The test rig for metal tanks shall allow the installation of the instrumentation required to measure the
change in tank circumference and the deflection of the top and bottom heads. This may require elevating
the tank. Distance-measuring instruments or methods shall be accurate to 0.0025 cm (0.001 in).

The following procedure shall be used for the hydrostatic pressure testing of metallic pressure vessels:

1) Install the test unit on the elevated rack or stand. Prepare and fill the test unit as specified in
5.1.3.2, steps 1), 2), and 3).

2) Install an appropriate measuring device, such as an extensometer or dial micrometer,

vertically against the tank bottom head. Solidly mount either the tank top head, top-mounted
control valve, or another component to the tank top.

3) Install an appropriate measuring device, such as an extensometer or periphery tape, around

the tank perpendicular to its axis and 15 cm (6 in) above its bottom. Place additional
measurement devices, vertically spaced not more than 30 cm (12 in) apart, up the side sheet of
the tank. Place the uppermost device within 30 cm (12 in) of the tank top head. If the tank length
is less than 61 cm (24 in), a measuring device should be placed at the midsection. When using
extensometers, wrap the flexible wire once around the tank perpendicular to its axis and 15 cm (6
in) above its bottom. Fasten one end of the wire to a solid post at the same elevation. Fasten the
other end to a second post at the same elevation by means of a spring so as to keep the wire
taut. Fasten the blocks to each end of the wire, adjacent to the tank, so that they are spaced 15 to
20 cm (6 to 8 in) apart. For larger tanks, the spacing shall be permitted to be increased to avoid
contact between the blocks and the tank. Attach blocks to each wire wrap as previously specified.

4) Take initial readings from the measurement devices before pressurizing the test unit. When
using extensometers, measure the distance between the blocks on each wire with a micrometer
caliper.

5) Pressurize the test unit as specified in 5.1.3.2, steps 4) and 5).

6) Take final readings from the extensometers or measurement devices with no pressure on the
unit.

7) The difference between the readings of each measurement device is the measure of
permanent deformation of either the tank bottom or top head. The difference in measurement
around the tank is the increase in tank circumference.

5.1.3.4 Burst test – nonmetallic pressure vessels

The following procedure shall be used for the burst testing of nonmetallic pressure vessels:

1) Use a water temperature of 13 to 24 C (55 to 75 F). Adjust the test water to a temperature
at which condensation will not form on the surface of the test unit.

2) Assemble a complete unit, as normally installed and operated.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

3) Connect the pressure vessel to a water supply through a pump system with a pressure
measurement device that has a check valve, a shut-off valve, a drain valve, and a method of
indicating maximum pressure during a test. Use threaded fittings for the system subject to the
high pressure.

4) Close all remaining pressure vessel openings by using threaded fittings, where possible. Fill
the entire system with water and flush to purge air from the unit.

5) Raise the hydrostatic pressure until the burst pressure specified in Table 5 is reached or the
vessel fails at a lower pressure. The rate of pressure increase shall be no more than 690 kPa
(100 psig) per second and shall be sufficient to reach the burst pressure within 70 s of the start of
the test. Maintain the desired pressure for an instant and release.

5.1.3.5 Cycle test

The following procedure shall be used for the cyclic testing:

1) Use a water temperature of 20 ± 3 C (68 ± 5 F) throughout the test. Adjust the test water to
a temperature at which condensation will not form on the surface of the test unit.

2) Connect inlet of the test system to the test apparatus as shown in figure 1. The system shall
be in conformance with its normal state of use, with the option of plugging drain lines.

3) Fill the test system with water. Flush to purge air from the system.

4) Set the counter to zero, or record its initial reading, and initiate pressure cycling. The
pressure rise shall be ≥ 1 s and the pressure in the test unit shall return to < 14 kPa (2 psig)
before the initiation of another cycle.

5) The pressure shall be cycled as specified in Table 5. The system shall be inspected
periodically through the end of the test period to check whether the system is watertight.

6 Minimum performance requirements

6.1 Performance indication of chemical reduction capacity

6.1.1 If the system includes a performance indication device, the device shall provide an automatic,
effective means to warn the user when the system is not performing its chemical reduction functions. The
performance indication device shall be an integral part of the system and shall activate within -20% to
+10% of the manufacturer’s claimed capacity (i. e., the acceptable activation range). The activation of the
performance indication device shall be a distinct event within the acceptable activation range, or the
transition to the warning indication shall begin and finish within the acceptable activation range.
Information describing the operation of the indicating device shall be included in the installation,
operation, and maintenance instructions.

The performance indication device shall be fully automatic in its operation with one allowed exception, the
user may be required to inform the performance indication device that a replacement element has been
installed. Examples of this include pushing a reset button, replacing batteries, or operating a switch. The
user shall not have control of the operation of the performance indication device in any other manner
including the setting of the activation range, tallying each batch, or other operation not required for the
normal use of the system.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

NOTE – Examples of “effective means to warn the user” include, but are not limited to, the following:

– termination of the discharge of treated water;

– reduction in the flow rate by 75% of the clean system flow rate;
– the sounding of an alarm connected to an acceptable power source; or
– a flashing light connected to an acceptable power source.

The “effective means to warn the user” shall be an event that can be easily recognized by the user of the
product without the use of tools.

6.1.2 Systems with performance indication devices shall be tested to 120% of their estimated capacity
for chemical reduction claims.

6.1.3 Systems without performance indication devices shall be tested to 200% of their estimated
capacity for chemical reduction claims.

6.1.4 Performance indication device verification test

6.1.4.1 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

6.1.4.2 General test water

A public water supply shall be used with the following specific characteristics maintained throughout the
test for contaminant reduction claims:

pH 7.5 ± 0.5
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
total dissolved solids (TDS) 200 – 500 mg/L
total organic carbon (TOC) > 1.0 mg/L
turbidity < 1 NTU

6.1.4.3 Test methods

Performance indication devices that are used in non-batch systems shall be evaluated by 6.1.4.3.1.
Devices that are activated by a batch system shall be evaluated by 6.1.4.3.2.

NOTE – Performance indication devices may be evaluated during chemical reduction testing using the
chemical challenge water if the testing requirements for the applicable test method, 6.1.4.3.1 or 6.1.4.3.2,
are met during the challenge testing.

6.1.4.3.1 Flow test method

a) The test systems shall be conditioned following the manufacturer’s instructions.

b) The systems shall be tested with general test water as specified in 6.1.4.2.

c) Two systems shall be installed on the test rig in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions, with a calibrated flow meter in line. Faucet mounted systems shall be installed
downstream of the solenoid valve.

d) The flow rate shall be measured at the beginning of the test. The flow rate shall be monitored
continuously for systems that use flow reduction as a performance indicator.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

e) The test systems shall be operated at 410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psig) initial dynamic pressure,
with a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle, 20-min cycle length.

f) The test systems shall be operated at the highest attainable flow rate.

g) The test systems shall be run 16 h per 24-h period until the warning device activates.

h) The volume required to reach the activation point shall be recorded. If the warning device
uses a gradual change in state, the volume where the transistion began and where it completed
shall be recorded.

6.1.4.3.2 Batch test method

1) The systems shall be conditioned following the manufacturer’s instructions.

2) Two systems shall be operated according to the manufacturer’s instructions until the
performance indication device is activated using general test water as specified in 6.1.4.2.

3) The volume required to reach the activation point shall be recorded. If the warning device
uses a gradual change in state, the volume where the transition began and where it completed
shall be recorded.

6.2 Elements

Cartridges, filters, and similar replacement components shall be readily removable.

6.3 Flow control

6.3.1 If the performance of a system is dependent on a specified flow rate, an automatic fixed flow-rate
control shall be provided as an integral part of the system to prevent excessive flow.

6.3.2 Refrigerator filters may have an automatic fixed flow-rate control that is external to the system.
For refrigerator filters that do not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control as part of the
system, where the performance of the system is dependent on a specific flow rate, an automatic fixed
flow-rate control shall be included within the refrigerator plumbing to prevent excessive flow.

6.4 Waste connections

Waste connections or drain outlets, if provided, shall be designed and constructed to provide for
connection to the sanitary waste system through an air gap of 2 pipe diameters or 25 mm (1 in),
whichever is larger.

6.5 Product water dispensing outlets

Product water dispensing outlets, if provided, shall be designed, constructed, and located so that the
discharge orifice is directed downward, and the lower edge of the outlet shall be at an elevation not less
than 51 mm (2 in) above the flood rim of the waste receptacle.

6.5.1 Drinking fountain outlets

6.5.1.1 The drinking water outlet shall be protected by a guard designed to (1) prevent a user from
directly contacting the outlet while drinking from the system, and (2) prevent foreign matter from dropping
vertically into the outlet. The guard shall be of such width, height, and design that the user's mouth or lips
cannot readily touch the outlet. Spaces between the outlet and the guard shall be readily accessible for
cleaning.

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6.5.1.2 The outlet and guard shall be designed to discourage hose connections or other improper uses.

6.5.1.3 The drinking fountain outlet shall be set to direct water flow at an angle from the vertical to
prevent water in a jet from returning to the outlet. The flow from the outlet shall not touch the guard.

6.5.1.4 The lower edge of the drinking water outlet shall be at least 51 mm (2 in) above the flood rim of
the waste receptacle.

6.6 Hazards

All component parts shall be free of nonfunctional rough or sharp edges, and other hazards that may
cause injury to persons adjusting, servicing, or using the system.

6.7 Systems used in bottled water plants

Systems shall have a redundant filtration element sealing mechanism such as 222 and 226 double o-ring
seals.

6.8 Operation temperature

The complete system shall be designed to operate at a maximum temperature no higher than 38 C
(100 F).

6.9 POE rated pressure drop

6.91 Without built-in flow control

POE systems shall have no more than 105 kPa (15 psig) initial pressure drop at the rated service flow
with an inlet pressure of 210 kPa (30 psig) and a water temperature of 20 ± 3 °C (68 ± 5 °F). The rated
service flow shall be greater than or equal to 15 L/min (4 gpm).

6.9.2 With built-in flow control

POE systems with built-in flow control shall have no more than 103 kPa (15 psig) initial pressure drop at a
flow rate equal to or greater than 15 L/min (4 gpm) with an inlet pressure of 210 kPa (30 psig) and a water
temperature of 20 ± 3 °C (68 ± °5 F).

6.10 Minimum service flow

The minimum initial clean-system flow rates specified in Table 6 shall be attainable by the system at an
inlet pressure of 210 kPa (30 psig) and a water temperature of 20 ± 3 C (68 ± 5 F), with a fully open
outlet.

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Table 6 – Minimum service flow

Type of system Minimum service flow rate

Point of use systems connected to a pressurized line:

counter top connected to sink faucet with diverter 0.8 L/min (0.2 gpm)
faucet mount with diverter 0.8 L/min (0.2 gpm)
faucet mount without diverter 1.9 L/min (0.5 gpm)
plumbed in 1.9 L/min (0.5 gpm)
plumbed in to separate tap with reservoir 7.6 L/day (2 gpd)
plumbed in to separate tap without reservoir 0.8 L/min (0.2 gpm)
special systems (e.g., glass filler and ice maker for exempt
refrigerator, systems designed for non-home use)

Point of use systems not designed for direct connection

to a pressurized supply line (batch systems):

counter top manual fill with or without internal pump exempt

pour through exempt

6.11 Rated service flow

For systems connected to a pressurized line, the rated service flow shall be equal to or less than the
minimum initial clean-system flow rate obtained during contaminant reduction testing at an inlet pressure
of 410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psig) and a water temperature of 20 ± 3 °C (68 ± 5 °F). For systems with an
internal pump, the rated service flow rate shall be equal to or less than the minimum initial clean-system
flow rate obtained during contaminant reduction testing. For manual fill- or pour-through systems, the
rated service flow rate shall be equal to or less than the minimum initial clean-system flow rate obtained
during contaminant reduction testing.

A system shall not have a rated service flow that is less than the applicable value specified in Table 6.

6.12 Active agents and additives

Where an active agent or additive is used in the drinking water treatment process, the product water shall
not contain that substance (or its degradation products) at a concentration of toxicological significance as
given by the USEPA Primary Drinking Water Regulations, by the Health Canada Maximum Acceptable
Concentrations7, by any U. S. Federal regulatory agency, or at a concentration that exceeds constituent
limits of the USEPA Secondary Drinking Water Regulations for all sample points. If the substance does
not have a maximum drinking water concentration established by USEPA or Health Canada, a Total
Allowable Concentration (TAC) shall be established according to the requirements of NSF/ANSI 61,
Annex A.

Collection of product water samples for the analysis of active agents or their degradation products shall
be in accordance with the sampling schedule(s) for the verification of specific reduction claims or as
otherwise specified in this Standard. At least one sample shall be collected immediately after a rest period
of at least 8-h duration.

Sampling for an active agent or additive shall be performed using the performance test procedure that is
likely to result in the highest potential extraction of the active agent or additive. Determination of the
appropriate test procedure shall consider the following parameters:

7
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/index_e.html

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– the chemical composition of the challenge water used in the performance test; and

– the durations of the rest periods prior to the specified sampling points in the performance
test.

NOTE – The performance test used to evaluate extraction of an active agent or additive may be a
test other than that performed to verify other performance claim(s) made by the manufacturer.
Some examples are provided in the following Table:

Type of active agent Recommended test protocol for active agent evaluation
copper/zinc media NSF/ANSI 42 for chlorine reduction
silver NSF/ANSI 42 for bacteriostasis

6.13 Media

Systems making mechanical reduction claims shall demonstrate no visible evidence of media migration
when tested in accordance with 6.13.1.1. Systems not making mechanical reduction claims shall
demonstrate no visible evidence of media migration when tested in accordance with 6.13.1.2. Systems
shall exhibit no visible evidence of media migration during contaminant reduction testing. Visible evidence
of media migration shall be defined as media visually observed as retained on a 50 mesh sieve.

6.13.1 Media test

6.13.1.1 Method – systems making mechanical reduction claims

Filter media testing shall be conducted as a standalone test, as follows:

a) Flush and condition two systems according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using general
test water.

b) Operate the systems for one 10-min “on” cycle with general test water. Batch systems shall
be operated for one batch with general test water.

c) Continue operating the systems with a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle, for 16 h per 24-h period,
followed by an 8-h rest under pressure, using a challenge containing at least 10 NTU ISO coarse
test dust (ISO 12103-1, A48) in general test water, until the original flow rate of the systems has
decreased by 75%. Batch systems shall be operated using a challenge containing at least
10 NTU ISO coarse test dust (ISO 12103-A4) in general test water, until the original flow rate of
the systems has decreased by 75%.

6.13.1.2 Method – systems not making mechanical reduction claims

For systems not making mechanical reduction claims, the filter media sampling in 6.13.1.3 may be
conducted combined with any contaminant reduction test, prior to commencement of that test.

a) Flush and condition two systems according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using general
test water.

b) Operate the systems for one 10-min “on” cycle with general test water. Batch systems shall
be operated for one batch with general test water.

8
See ISO 12103-1, Road Vehicles – Test Dust for Filter Evaluation: International Organization for Standardization
(ISO), Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneve 20, Switzerland <www.iso.org>.

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6.13.1.3 Sampling

6.13.1.3.1 Systems making mechanical reduction claims

6.13.1.3.1.1 Plumbed-in systems and faucet-mounted systems

Product water samples shall be collected at the start of the initial “on” cycle, and at the start of the “on”
cycle when the original flow rate of the system has decreased by 75%. Samples shall be 250 mL in
volume.

6.13.1.3.1.2 POE systems

Product water samples shall be collected at the start of the initial “on” cycle, and at the start of the “on”
cycle when the original flow rate of the system has decreased by 75%. Samples shall be 250 mL in
volume.

6.13.1.3.1.3 Nonplumbed pour-through and batch systems

Product water samples shall be collected from the first batch, and when the original flow from the system
has decreased by 75%.

6.13.1.3.2 Systems not making mechanical reduction claims

6.13.1.3.2.1 Plumbed-in systems and faucet-mounted systems

Product water samples shall be collected at the start of the initial “on” cycle. Samples shall be 250 mL in
volume.

6.13.1.3.2.2 POE systems

Product water samples shall be collected at the start of the initial “on” cycle. Samples shall be 250 mL in
volume.

6.13.1.3.2.3 Non-plumbed pour-through and batch systems

Product water samples shall be collected from the first batch. Samples shall be 250 mL in volume.

6.14 Filter media

All filter media that may be subject to plugging shall be supported to withstand a maximum pressure drop
of 280 kPa (40 psig) or the pressure drop achieved when the system is plugged to reduce the flow rate by
75% for a period of 15 min, without visible evidence of media migration and wian effluent turbidity level
equal to or greater than the influent turbidity level. The test shall be performed using the general test
water in 7.3.2.3.4.1 and test dust conforming to 7.3.2.3.4.2.

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7 Elective performance claims – test methods

7.1 General requirements

7.1.1 Aesthetic effects claims

Claims for bacteriostasis, taste, odor, and other aesthetic effects shall not be verified under this Standard.
Such claims shall be tested for conformance to NSF/ANSI 42.

7.1.2 Apparatus

A test apparatus capable of providing specified flow rates and pressures shall be used. Refer to figure 2
for an example of the test apparatus. The use of extraneous plumbing or any device between the
pressure measurement point and the tested device shall be minimized. The diameter of downstream
equipment and plumbing (including faucets) used in testing shall be equal to or greater than the diameter
at the connection to the tested device.

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Any suitable pressure or delivery system

Pressure
regulator
Water supply
Pressure
Tank gauge
fill Mechanical
valve filter

Back flow preventer Influent

sampling
point
Mixer
Water meters

Pressure gauges

Test units

Diaphragm
Pump pressure
tank Cycling
solenoid A Cycling
solenoid B
Tank
Drain line

Valves

NOTE 1 – Faucets shall be used in testing all systems located under or over the sink.

NOTE 2 – Faucet-attached systems and portable systems shall be placed after solenoid valves B and C.
Product water
NOTE 3 – Solenoid valves shall be controlled by appropriate timer(s). sampling points

NOTE 4 – Pressure gauges shall be located directly ahead of test units.

NOTE 5 – Diameter of plumbing and equipment after test units shall not be less than the diameter at the connection to the tested unit.

Figure 2 - Example test apparatus

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7.2 Chemical reduction claims

7.2.1 Organic chemical reduction testing

7.2.1.1 Organic chemical reduction claims

Claims for chemical reduction may be made for the group of organic chemicals shown in Table 7 when
tested in accordance with 7.2.1.

Table 7 – Chemical reduction requirements

Individual Average Maximum

influent influent effluent USEPA
Substance
sample point challenge2 concentration method(s)8
limits1 mg/L mg/L mg/L
alachlor 0.04 ± 40% 0.04 ± 10% 0.002 505
atrazine 0.009 ± 40% 0.009 ± 10% b 0.003 505
502.2, 524.2,
benzene 0.015 ± 30% 0.015 ± 10%b 0.005
524.3
a
carbofuran 0.08 ± 45% 0.08 ± 10% 0.04 531.1
502.2, 524.2,
carbon tetrachloride 0.015 ± 30% 0.015 ± 10% b 0.005
524.3
chlordane 0.04 ± 30% 0.04 ± 10 % 0.002 505
502.2, 524.2,
chlorobenzene 2.0 ± 30% 2.0 ± 10% 0.1
524.3
b
2,4-D 0.210 ± 30% 0.210 ± 10% 0.07 515.3
dibromochloropropane 0.004 ± 50% 0.004 ± 10% 0.0002 504.1
502.2, 524.2,
o-dichlorobenzene 1.8 ± 30% 1.8 ± 10% b 0.6
524.3
502.2, 524.2,
p-dichlorobenzene 0.225 ± 30% 0.225 ± 10%b 0.075
524.3
502.2, 524.2,
1,2-dichloroethane 0.015 ± 30% 0.015 ± 10%b 0.005
524.3
502.2, 524.2,
1,1-dichloroethylene 0.021 ± 30% 0.021 ± 10%b 0.007
524.3
502.2, 524.2,
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene 1.4 ± 30% 1.4 ± 10% 0.07
524.3
trans-1,2- 502.2, 524.2,
2.0 ± 30% 2.0 ± 10% 0.1
dichloroethylene 524.3
502.2, 524.2,
1,2-dichloropropane 0.015 ± 30% 0.015 ± 10%b 0.005
524.3
b
dinoseb 0.021 ± 30% 0.021 ± 10% 0.007 515.3
endrin 0.006 ± 40% 0.006 ± 10%b 0.002 505
502.2, 524.2,
ethylbenzene 2.1 ± 30% 2.1 ± 10%b 0.7
524.3
ethylene dibromide 0.001 ± 50% 0.001 ± 10% 0.00005 504.1
heptachlor (H-34,
0.08 ± 40% 0.08 ± 10% 0.0004 505
heptox)
heptachlor epoxide 0.004 ± 40% 0.004 ± 10% 0.0002 505
hexachlorocyclopentadi b
0.15 ± 40% 0.15 ± 10% 0.05 505
ene
a
lindane 0.002 ± 40% 0.002 ± 10% 0.0002 505
methoxychlor3 0.12 ± 40% 0.12 ± 10%b 0.04 505

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Table 7 – Chemical reduction requirements

Individual Average Maximum

influent influent effluent USEPA
Substance
sample point challenge2 concentration method(s)8
limits1 mg/L mg/L mg/L
methyl tert-butyl ether 0.015 ± 40%, 502.26, 524.2,
0.015 ± 20% 0.005
(MTBE)4 0.015 ± 50%5 524.3
pentachlorophenol 0.01 ± 30% 0.01 ± 10% a 0.001 515.3
polychlorinated
biphenyls 0.01 ± 40% 0.01 ± 10% 0.0005 505
(PCBs, Aroclor 1260)
simazine 0.012 ± 40% 0.012 ± 10%b 0.004 525.2
502.2, 524.2,
styrene 2.0 ± 30% 2.0 ± 10% 0.1
524.3
b
2,4,5-TP (silvex) 0.15 ± 30% 0. 15 ± 10% 0.05 515.3
502.2, 524.2,
tetrachloroethylene 0.015 ± 30% 0.015 ± 10% b 0.005
524.3
502.2, 524.2,
toluene 3.0 ± 30% 3.0 ± 10% b 1
524.3
toxaphene 0.015 ± 40% 0.015 ± 10% 0.003 505
502.2, 524.2,
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.21± 30% 0.21± 10%b 0.07
524.3
502.2, 524.2,
1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.6 ± 30% 0.6 ± 10%b 0.2
524.3
502.2, 524.2,
1,1,2-trichloroethane 0.015 ± 30% 0.015 ±10%b 0.005
524.3
502.2, 524.2,
trichloroethylene 0.300 ± 30% 0.300 ± 10% 0.005
524.3
502.2, 524.2,
TTHM 7 (as chloroform) 0.45 ± 30% 0.45 ± 20% 0.080
524.3
502.2, 524.2,
xylenes 30 ± 30% 30 ± 10%b 10
524.3

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

Table 7 – Chemical reduction requirements

Individual Average Maximum

influent influent effluent USEPA
Substance
sample point challenge2 concentration method(s)8
limits1 mg/L mg/L mg/L
1
Equals average influent challenge concentration variability plus one of the following, in order of availability:
1. Acceptable Continuing Calibration Verification (CCV) limits stated in the appropriate USEPA method.
2. Acceptable spike recoveries as stated in the appropriate USEPA method.
3. Opinion of laboratory professionals – no guidance available in USEPA method.
2
Reason for influent challenge levels: challenge concentrations should be selected to simulate what a system
will be challenged with in the field and/or to provide an accurate and reproducible indicator of performance. The
following sequence of criteria is used to select challenge concentrations:
1
The upper percentile concentration of available occurrence data (the concentration for which there is high
probability [P<0.05] that 95 percent of the population will be exposed to waters of lower concentration).
Occurrence data shall come from national monitoring programs administered by the USEPA or the USGS.
Other occurrence data shall be accepted by the Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units.
2
The concentration obtained by multiplying the USEPA’s published maximum contaminant level by three.
This concentration will not be adequate when USEPA MCL is very low.
3
It is recognized that the reported solubility of methoxychlor is 0.04 mg/L. Under simulated test conditions the
highest influent concentration attainable shall be used.
4
The maximum effluent value is based on the taste and odor threshold. Due to lack of occurrence data, the
influent challenge has been set to three times the maximum effluent concentration.
5
The first limits apply to analysis conducted according to the first USEPA method, and the second limits apply
to analysis conducted according to the 524.2 or 524.3 USEPA method.
6
MTBE may be quantified using method 502.2 when all quality control procedures for 502.2 are followed.
7
For test purposes, chloroform shall be added to the influent water and shall be analyzed in the influent and
product waters.
8
When more than one method is cited, either method may be used for analysis.
– concluded –

7.2.1.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

7.2.1.3 Analytical methods

All analyses shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable methods referenced in 2.

7.2.1.4 Servicing of components

If clogging occurs, systems with separate mechanical filtration components shall have the mechanical
filtration components replaced or serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to maintain
the test flow rate.

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7.2.1.5 General test water

A public water supply shall be used with the following specific characteristics maintained throughout the
test for contaminant reduction claims:

pH 7.5 ± 0.5
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
total dissolved solids (TDS) 200 – 500 mg/L
total organic carbon (TOC) > 1.0 mg/L
turbidity < 1 NTU

7.2.1.6 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle basis with a 15- to 40-min cycle, 16 h per 24-
h period, followed by an 8-h rest under pressure (a 10%-on / 90%-off cycle may be used if requested by
the manufacturer).

7.2.1.7 Methods

7.2.1.7.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs and all faucet-mounted systems

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the
appropriate general test water specified in 7.2.1.5. The systems shall be tested using the appropriate
influent challenge water at the maximum flow rate attainable by setting an initial dynamic pressure of
410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psi). The pressure shall not be readjusted although the system may experience
some change in dynamic pressure. The operating cycle specified in 7.2.1.6 shall be used.

7.2.1.7.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Chemical reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control shall
be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of the
refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.2.1.7.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any chemical reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.2.1.7.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.2.1.7.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle specified in 7.2.1.6, the operating cycle shall be a repetitive complete
filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

7.2.1.7.3 Nonplumbed pour-through-type batch treatment systems

Two systems shall be tested using the appropriate challenge and influent water after establishment of the
manufacturer's recommended use pattern, with automatic cycling. If there is not a recommended use
pattern, the systems shall be operated on the basis of four times the bed volume per batch. The cycle
shall include a rest period of 15 to 60 s between batches, timed from the cessation of streamed flow.

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7.2.1.8 Sampling

For systems with performance-indication devices, during the "on" portion of the cycle, influent and effluent
samples shall be collected at the start of the test (after the passage of 10 unit volumes of influent
challenge) and at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the estimated capacity. For systems without
performance indication devices, the system shall be tested to 200% of the estimated capacity. Samples
shall be collected at startup (after the passage of 10 unit volumes) and at 50%, 100%, 150%, 180%, and
200% of the estimated capacity. Samples for each system shall be at least one unit volume.

7.2.2 Inorganic reduction testing

7.2.2.1 Inorganic reduction claims

Claims for chemical reduction may be made for the group of inorganic chemicals shown in Table 8 when
tested in accordance with 7.2.2.

Table 8 – Chemical reduction requirements

Maximum
Individual
Average influent effluent USEPA
Substance influent sample
challenge2 mg/L concentration method(s)
point limits1 mg/L
mg/L
fluoride 8.0 ± 25% 8.0 ± 10% 1.5 340.2
30 ± 10% b
nitrate plus nitrite (as added as 27 mg/L
30 ± 20% 103 300
N) NO3 [as N] and 3
mg/L NO2 [as N]
1
Equals average influent challenge concentration variability plus one of the following, in order of availability:
1. Acceptable Continuing Calibration Verification (CCV) limits stated in the appropriate USEPA method.
2. Acceptable spike recoveries as stated in the appropriate USEPA method.
3. Opinion of laboratory professionals – no guidance available in USEPA method.
2
Reason for influent challenge levels: challenge concentrations should be selected to simulate what a system will
be challenged with in the field and/or to provide an accurate and reproducible indicator of performance. The
following sequence of criteria is used to select challenge concentrations:
a
The upper percentile concentration of available occurrence data (the concentration for which there is high
probability [P<0.05] that 95 percent of the population will be exposed to waters of lower concentration).
Occurrence data shall come from national monitoring programs administered by the USEPA or the USGS.
Other occurrence data shall be accepted by the Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units.
b
The concentration obtained by multiplying the USEPA’s published maximum contaminant level by three. This
concentration will not be adequate when USEPA MCL is very low.
3
Of the 10 mg/L nitrate as N, not more than 1 mg/L shall be NO2 as N.

7.2.2.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

7.2.2.3 Analytical methods

All analyses shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable methods referenced in 2.

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7.2.2.4 Servicing of components

If clogging occurs, systems with separate mechanical filtration components shall have the mechanical
filtration components replaced or serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to maintain
the test flow rate.

7.2.2.5 General test water

A public water supply shall be used with the following specific characteristics maintained throughout the
test for contaminant reduction claims:

pH 7.5 ± 0.5
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
total dissolved solids (TDS) 200 – 500 mg/L
total organic carbon (TOC) > 1.0 mg/L
turbidity < 1 NTU

7.2.2.6 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle basis with a 15- to 40-min cycle, 16 h per
24-h period, followed by an 8-h rest under pressure (a 10%-on / 90%-off cycle may be used if requested
by the manufacturer).

7.2.2.7 Methods

7.2.2.7.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs and all faucet-mounted systems

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the
appropriate general test water specified in 7.2.2.5. The systems shall be tested using the appropriate
influent challenge water at the maximum flow rate attainable by setting an initial dynamic pressure of
410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psi). The pressure shall not be readjusted although the system may experience
some change in dynamic pressure. The operating cycle specified in 7.2.2.6 shall be used.

7.2.2.7.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Chemical reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control shall
be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of the
refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.2.2.7.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any chemical reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.2.2.7.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.2.2.7.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle specified in 7.2.2.6, the operating cycle shall be a repetitive complete
filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

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7.2.2.7.3 Nonplumbed pour-through-type batch treatment systems

Two systems shall be tested using the appropriate challenge and influent water after establishment of the
manufacturer's recommended use pattern, with automatic cycling. If there is not a recommended use
pattern, the systems shall be operated on the basis of four times the bed volume per batch. The cycle
shall include a rest period of 15 to 60 s between batches, timed from the cessation of streamed flow.

7.2.2.8 Sampling

For systems with performance-indication devices, during the "on" portion of the cycle, influent and effluent
samples shall be collected at the start of the test (after the passage of 10 unit volumes of influent
challenge) and at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the estimated capacity. For systems without
performance indication devices, the system shall be tested to 200% of the estimated capacity. Samples
shall be collected at startup (after the passage of 10 unit volumes) and at 50%, 100%, 150%, 180%, and
200% of the estimated capacity. Samples for each system shall be at least one unit volume.

7.2.3 Radon reduction testing

7.2.3.1 Radon reduction method

This protocol evaluates the performance characteristics of a POU activated carbon water treatment
system for the reduction of Radon222 (Rn222). Systems evaluated using this protocol shall not be used on
waters with a radon activity greater than 4000 pCi/L. The reduction capacity of the system over its rated
life shall be based on testing to establish the Adsorption/Decay Steady State Constant (Kss) using the
following equation:

Kss = -[ln (Ct/Co)]T

where:

Kss = adsorption/decay steady state constant;

Ct = radon activity at time t in pCi/L;
Co = initial radon activity in pCi/L;
T = the empty bed detention time with the filter in h; and
T = Vf/L/h

where:

Vf = volume of the filter bed in liters; and

L/h = flow rate in liters per hour.

7.2.3.1.1 Radon reduction claims

Claims for radon reduction may be made for POU activated carbon water treatment devices. POU
systems shall treat a minimum of 8 L/d (2 gal/d) and shall meet the requirements of this section. Claims
for radon reduction shall not be made for POE devices (see Table 9).

7.2.3.1.2 Calculation of progeny activity at end of life

The USEPA’s Carbdose v.4.0 computer program shall be used to calculate the total activity of Lead210
(Pb210), Polonium210 (Po210), and Bismuth210 (Bi210) on the filter at the end of one year of use at the
maximum flow rate.

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Table 9 – Radon reduction requirements

Maximum effluent USEPA

Substance Influent challenge1 mg/L
concentration mg/L method(s)
7500-Rn, ASTM
radon 4000  1000 pCi/L 300 pCi/L
D 5072-98
1
Reason for influent challenge levels: challenge concentrations should be selected to simulate what a system
will be challenged with in the field and/or to provide an accurate and reproducible indicator of performance. The
following sequence of criteria is used to select challenge concentrations:
a
The upper percentile concentration of available occurrence data (the concentration for which there is
high probability [P<0.05] that 95 percent of the population will be exposed to waters of lower
concentration). Occurrence data shall come from national monitoring programs administered by the
USEPA or the USGS. Other occurrence data shall be accepted by the Joint Committee on Drinking Water
Treatment Units.
b
The concentration obtained by multiplying the USEPA’s published maximum contaminant level by three.
This concentration will not be adequate when USEPA MCL is very low.

NOTE – The system shall reduce the influent activity of radon from 4000  1000 pCi/L to an activity
not exceeding 300 pCi/L at each sampling point when tested in accordance with 7.2.3.

7.2.3.2 Retention of radon decay products

The activity of lead210 (Pb210) in the product water shall be less than or equal to 3.0 pCi/L when the
system is tested in accordance with 7.2.3.6.

7.2.3.3 Gamma radiation exposure

At the end of the testing period specified in 7.2.3.6, the gamma radiation exposure from the system shall
be less than 0.034 mR/h based on an 8 h per 24-h period exposure for 365 d per year when measured in
accordance with 7.2.3.6.

7.2.3.4 Progeny activity at end of life

The total activity of Lead210 (Pb210), Polonium210 (Po210), and Bismuth210 (Bi210) shall not exceed
2000 pCi/g of carbon for one year of use at the manufacturer’s recommended flow rate when calculated
using the USEPA Carbdose program v4.09 and the steady state Kss value (see 7.2.3.6).

7.2.3.5 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

7.2.3.6 Analytical methods

7.2.3.6.1 Radon analysis

Radon analysis shall be performed using liquid scintillation counting in accordance with either 7500-Rn in
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or ASTM D5702-98 Standard Test
Method for Radon in Drinking Water by the American Society for Testing and Materials. Testing
organizations shall be required to achieve a minimum quantifiable radon activity of 100 pCi/L.

9
This software program is available for download at <http://www.epa.gov/region01/eco/software/d5b_load.html>.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

7.2.3.6.2 Gamma radiation emittance

Gamma radiation emittance shall be measured using a survey meter with a gamma/beta probe, or
equivalent, with an accuracy of ± 10% between 10% and 100% of the full scale, and a minimum response
below 0.034 mR/h.

7.2.3.6.3 Radon progeny analysis

Radon progeny shall be measured using Pb210 as an indicator. The analysis shall be performed using the
method described by Case and McDowell10, which uses a trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) extractive
scintillator and a Photon Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation (PERALS) spectrometer. Testing
organizations shall be required to achieve a minimum quantifiable Pb210 activity of 1.0 pCi/L.

7.2.3.7 Servicing of components

If clogging occurs, systems with separate mechanical filtration components shall have the mechanical
filtration components replaced or serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to maintain
the test flow rate.

7.2.3.8 Radon challenge water

A natural water source with a radon activity of 3000 to 5000 pCi/L shall be used. The radon source may
be naturally occurring in the source water or may be generated and added to the source water.

The following water quality parameters shall be characterized for the radon challenge water:

pH measure and record

temperature measure and record
total dissolved solids (TDS) < 500 mg/L
total organic carbon (TOC) measure and record
turbidity < 1 NTU
silica measure and record
iron measure and record
manganese measure and record

Analysis for pH, temperature, and TOC shall be performed and recorded throughout the test for radon
reduction.

7.2.3.9 Cycle time

The system shall be cycled four times over a 12-h period per day. Each cycle shall consist of a minimum
of 25% of the manufacturer’s daily production rate at the maximum flow rate attainable at a dynamic
pressure of 410 kPa (60 psig) or greater, if specified by the manufacturer.

7.2.3.10 Method

Two systems shall be conditioned for 21 d or until steady state Kss is reached, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions using the radon challenge water specified in 7.2.3.8. The steady state Kss
shall be determined when the Kss values measured on three consecutive days do not differ by more than
5%. The Kss shall be established during the conditioning period. The system shall be tested using the

10
Talanta Vol. 29, 1982, pp. 845-848

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

radon challenge water specified in 7.2.3.8 at the maximum flow rate attainable using a dynamic pressure
of 410 kPa (60psig) or greater, if specified by the manufacturer, and the operating cycle specified in
7.2.3.9.

7.2.3.11 Sampling

7.2.3.11.1 Radon analysis

For the first 14 d of the conditioning period, influent and effluent samples from each test unit shall be
collected for radon analysis during 1 test cycle per day. For the last 7 d of the conditioning period, influent
and effluent samples from each test unit shall be collected for radon analysis during the first and last
cycles daily. The samples shall be collected after the passage of a minimum of 1 unit void volume from
the device.

7.2.3.11.2 Retention of radon decay products

During the last 7 d of the conditioning period, a sample shall be collected during the last test cycle daily
for Pb210 analysis as an indicator of radon progeny retention. The sample shall be collected immediately
after the start of the “on” cycle.

7.2.3.11.3 Gamma radiation exposure

Gamma radiation exposure rate measurements shall be taken at the end of testing at a distance of 15 cm
(6 in) from the system when it is filled with water. Gamma radiation measurements shall be collected as a
1-h integration with a survey meter.

7.2.4 Volatile organic chemical (VOC) reduction – surrogate organic chemical testing

7.2.4.1 VOC reduction claims

Claims for chemical reduction may be made for the group of organic chemicals shown in Table 10 when
tested in accordance with 7.2.4. The system shall reduce the arithmetic mean of the influent
concentrations of chloroform at 300 ± 30 μg/L at each sample point by at least 95%.

NOTE – The use of chloroform as the surrogate is limited to systems using an activated carbon filter
component to accomplish the organic chemical reduction.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

Table 10 – Organic chemicals included by surrogate testing

Drinking
water Influent Maximum
Chemical
regulatory challenge product water
Chemical reduction
level1 concentration2 concentration
percent
(MCL/MAC) mg/L mg/L
mg/L
alachlor 0.002 0.050 > 98 0.0013
atrazine 0.003 0.100 > 97 0.0033
benzene 0.005 0.081 > 99 0.0013
carbofuran 0.04 0.190 > 99 0.0013
carbon tetrachloride 0.005 0.078 98 0.00184
chlorobenzene 0.1 0.077 > 99 0.0013
chloropicrin — 0.015 99 0.00023
2,4-D 0.07 0.110 98 0.00174
dibromochloropropane (DBCP) 0.0002 0.052 > 99 0.000023
o-dichlorobenzene 0.6 0.080 > 99 0.0013
p-dichlorobenzene 0.075 0.040 > 98 0.0013
1,2-dichloroethane 0.005 0.088 955 0.00485
1,1-dichloroethylene 0.007 0.083 > 99 0.0013
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene 0.07 0.170 > 99 0.00053
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene 0.1 0.086 > 99 0.0013
1,2-dichloropropane 0.005 0.080 > 99 0.0013
cis-1,3-dichloropropylene — 0.079 > 99 0.0013
dinoseb 0.007 0.170 99 0.00024
endrin 0.002 0.053 99 0.000594
ethylbenzene 0.7 0.088 > 99 0.0013
ethylene dibromide (EDB) 0.00005 0.044 > 99 0.000023
haloacetonitriles (HAN)
bromochloroacetonitrile — 0.022 98 0.00053
dibromoacetonitrile — 0.024 98 0.00063
dichloroacetonitrile — 0.0096 98 0.00023
trichloroacetonitrile — 0.015 98 0.00033
haloketones (HK):
1,1-dichloro-2-propanone — 0.0072 99 0.00013
1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanone — 0.0082 96 0.00033
heptachlor (H-34, Heptox) 0.0004 0.025 > 99 0.00001
heptachlor epoxide 0.0002 0.01076 98 0.00026
hexachlorobutadiene — 0.044 > 98 0.0013
hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.05 0.060 > 99 0.0000023
lindane 0.0002 0.055 > 99 0.000013
methoxychlor 0.04 0.050 > 99 0.00013
pentachlorophenol 0.001 0.096 > 99 0.0013
simazine 0.004 0.120 > 97 0.0043
styrene 0.1 0.150 > 99 0.00053
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane — 0.081 > 99 0.0013
tetrachloroethylene 0.005 0.081 > 99 0.0013
toluene 1 0.078 > 99 0.0013
2,4,5-TP (silvex) 0.05 0.270 99 0.00164
tribromoacetic acid — 0.042 > 98 0.0013

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Table 10 – Organic chemicals included by surrogate testing

Drinking
water Influent Maximum
Chemical
regulatory challenge product water
Chemical reduction
level1 concentration2 concentration
percent
(MCL/MAC) mg/L mg/L
mg/L
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.07 0.160 > 99 0.00053
1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.2 0.084 95 0.00464
1,1,2-trichloroethane 0.005 0.150 > 99 0.00053
trichloroethylene 0.005 0.180 > 99 0.00103
trihalomethanes (includes):
chloroform (surrogate
chemical)
bromoform 0.080 0.300 95 0.015
bromodichloromethane
chlorodibromomethane
xylenes (total) 10 0.070 > 99 0.0013
1
These harmonized values were agreed upon by representatives of USEPA and Health Canada for the purpose
of evaluating products to the requirements of this Standard.
2
Influent challenge levels are average influent concentrations determined in surrogate qualification testing.
3
Maximum product water level was not observed but was set at the detection limit of the analysis.
4
Maximum product water level is set at a value determined in surrogate qualification testing.
5
Chemical reduction percent and maximum product water level calculated at chloroform 95% breakthrough point
as determined in surrogate qualification testing.
6
The surrogate test results for heptachlor epoxide demonstrated a 98% reduction. These data were used to
calculate an upper occurrence concentration that would produce a maximum product water level at the MCL.
– concluded –
7.2.4.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

7.2.4.3 Analytical methods

All analyses shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable methods referenced in 2.

7.2.4.4 Servicing of components

If clogging occurs, systems with separate mechanical filtration components shall have the mechanical
filtration components replaced or serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to maintain
the test flow rate.

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7.2.4.5 General test water

A public water supply shall be used with the following specific characteristics maintained throughout the
test for contaminant reduction claims:

pH 7.5 ± 0.5
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
total dissolved solids (TDS) 200 – 500 mg/L
total organic carbon (TOC) > 1.0 mg/L
turbidity < 1 NTU

7.2.4.6 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle basis with a 15- to 40-min cycle, 16 h per
24-h period, followed by an 8-h rest under pressure (a 10%-on / 90%-off cycle may be used if requested
by the manufacturer).

7.2.4.7 Methods

7.2.4.7.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs and all faucet-mounted systems

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the
appropriate general test water specified in 7.2.4.5. The systems shall be tested using the appropriate
influent challenge water at the maximum flow rate attainable by setting an initial dynamic pressure of
410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psi). The pressure shall not be readjusted although the system may experience
some change in dynamic pressure. The operating cycle specified in 7.2.4.6 shall be used.

7.2.4.7.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Chemical reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control shall
be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of the
refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.2.4.7.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any chemical reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.2.4.7.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.2.4.7.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle specified in 7.2.4.6, the operating cycle shall be a repetitive complete
filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

7.2.4.7.3 Nonplumbed pour-through-type batch treatment systems

Two systems shall be tested using the appropriate challenge and influent water after establishment of the
manufacturer's recommended use pattern, with automatic cycling. If there is not a recommended use
pattern, the systems shall be operated on the basis of four times the bed volume per batch. The cycle
shall include a rest period of 15 to 60 s between batches, timed from the cessation of streamed flow.

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7.2.4.8 Sampling

For systems with performance indication devices, during the “on” portion of the cycle, influent and effluent
samples shall be collected at the start of the test (after the passage of 10 unit volumes of influent
challenge) and at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, and 120% of the
estimated capacity. For systems without performance indication devices, the system shall be tested to
200% of the estimated capacity. Samples shall be collected at startup (after the passage of 10 unit
volumes) and at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, 140%, 160%, 180%, and 200% of the estimated
capacity.

NOTE – All influent samples shall be analyzed. Effluent samples collected at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and
110% (40%, 80%, 120%, and 160% for systems without performance indication devices) shall be stored and
analyzed only if necessary to establish the capacity if different from originally estimated.

7.3 Mechanical filtration reduction claims

7.3.1 Asbestos reduction testing

7.3.1.1 Asbestos reduction claims

The system shall reduce the influent asbestos fiber concentration in the range of 107 to 108 fibers per liter
by at least 99% when tested in accordance with 7.3.1. The asbestos reduction shall be for fibers
exceeding 10 µm in length.

NOTE – Claims for capacity or rated service cycle shall not be made for mechanical filtration systems
because of the broad variation in the quality and quantity of particulate matter found in drinking water.

7.3.1.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus. Cycling solenoid valves shall be of a design
that are rapid opening and closing (full actuation < 0.2 seconds), anti-water hammer and contain minimal
dead volume. Recommended valve types are angle seat valves (such as Burkert 2000 or Asco 8290
series) or pneumatic diaphragm valves. The valve shall be sized so that the Cv of the valve shall be equal
or greater than the clean system flow rate of the unit under test.

7.3.1.3 Analytical methods

Analysis for asbestos fibers shall be by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), or X-ray diffraction as an
alternative, to the USEPA method 100.1 entitled Analytical Method for Determination of Asbestos Fibers
in Water.

7.3.1.4 Test water

7.3.1.4.1 General test water

hardness (as CaCO3) not more than 170 mg/L

pH 7.5 ± 0.5
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
total dissolved solids (TDS) 200 – 500 mg/L
turbidity < 1 NTU

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7.3.1.4.2 Test dust loading water

Test dust shall be added to the general test water specified in 7.3.1.4.1 to achieve a minimum of 10 NTU.
The test dust shall have a nominal 0 to 5 µm size classification and shall have 96% (by volume percent)
of its particles within this range and 20 to 40% (by volume percent) of its particles greater than 2.5 µm.11

7.3.1.4.3 Influent challenge – asbestos

A 50-50 blend of chrysotile and anthophyllite asbestos shall be added to the general test water specified
in 7.3.1.4.1 to produce a chrysotile and anthophyllite asbestos fiber concentration in the range of 107 to
108 fibers per liter. Only fibers greater than 10 µm shall be counted to confirm challenge.

7.3.1.5 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle with a 20-min cycle, for 16 h per 24-h period,
followed by an 8-h rest under pressure.

NOTE – If the sample period occurs near the end of the 16 h of operation and the sample collection would
extend beyond the 16-h period, the collection of the sample may be delayed until the start of the next 16-h
period.

7.3.1.6 Methods

7.3.1.6.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using the general
test water specified in 7.3.1.4.1 without the asbestos fibers. The systems shall be tested using the
general test water in 7.3.1.4.1 at the maximum flow rate attainable by setting an initial dynamic inlet
pressure of 410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psig). The cycle time specified in 7.3.1.5 shall be used. The asbestos
suspension specified in 7.3.1.4.3 shall be added to the water just prior to the sample point. The asbestos
suspension specified feed shall be of a volume equal to 10 min of initial unit flow, or 10 empty bed
volumes, whichever is greater.

NOTE – The cyst test shall be performed prior to the asbestos reduction test.

7.3.1.6.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Refrigerator filter asbestos reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-
rate control shall be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service
flow of the refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.3.1.6.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any asbestos reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.3.1.6.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.3.1.6.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle in 7.3.1.5, such as an extended recovery time, the operating cycle shall
be a repetitive complete filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

11
A test dust that meets these specifications is available from Powder Technologies, Inc., P.O. Box 1464, Burnsville,
MN 55337 <www.powdertechusa.com>.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

7.3.1.6.2.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Refrigerator filter asbestos reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-
rate control shall be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service
flow of the refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.3.1.6.2.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any asbestos reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.3.1.7 Sampling

Influent and effluent samples shall be collected at the beginning of the "on" cycle at the start of the test
(beginning with the 4th cycle) and after each "off" cycle when the original flow from the system has
decreased 25%, 50%, and 75%. The volume of the system downstream of the mechanical filtration
element shall be determined. Samples shall be collected after the introduction of the challenge test water
when the effluent from the previous cycle has been flushed from the system downstream of the
mechanical filtration element and the sample apparatus. Sample size shall be 1 L.

7.3.2 Cyst reduction

The system shall be tested using one of the following options:

– live Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (see 7.3.2.1); or

– polystyrene microspheres (see 7.3.2.2).

7.3.2.1 Live Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst reduction

7.3.2.1.1 Live Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst reduction claim

The system shall reduce the number of live Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from an influent challenge of
at least 50,000 (5 x 104) oocysts per liter by at least 99.95% when tested in accordance with 7.3.2.1. The
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts shall be from a calf source. The viability shall be greater than 50%
determined by excystation.12 The oocysts shall be stored with 1,000 I. U. / mL penicillin and 1,000 µg/mL
streptomycin at 4 C (39 F) and shall be used within eight weeks of collection. The live Cryptosporidium
parvum oocysts shall not be inactivated by any means including chemical or UV irradiation prior to
passing through the test system.

NOTE – It has been reported that the oocyst wall of viable oocysts may deform. Excystation is performed as
an indication of the potential of the oocyst wall to deform and is not done to measure the infectivity of the
organism.

The live Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst reduction shall not be used when testing systems intended for
use in bottled water plants because of laboratory personnel safety concerns.

7.3.2.1.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus. Cycling solenoid valves shall be of a design
that are rapid opening and closing (full actuation < 0.2 seconds), anti-water hammer and contain minimal

12
The in vitro excystation method is specified in Development of a Test to Assess Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts
Viability: Correlation with Infectivity Potential, American Water Works Association Research Foundation, 6666 West
Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235 <www.waterresearchfoundation.org>.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

dead volume. Recommended valve types are angle seat valves (such as Burkert 2000 or Asco 8290
series) or pneumatic diaphragm valves. The valve shall be sized so that the Cv of the valve shall be equal
or greater than the clean system flow rate of the unit under test.

7.3.2.1.3 Analytical methods

Analysis shall be in accordance with Annex A.

7.3.2.1.4 Test water

7.3.2.1.4.1 General test water

hardness (as CaCO3) not more than 170 mg/L

pH 7.5 ± 0.5
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
total dissolved solids (TDS) 200 – 500 mg/L
turbidity < 1 NTU

7.3.2.1.4.2 Test dust loading water

Test dust shall be added to the general test water specified in 7.3.2.1.4.1 to achieve a minimum of
10 NTU. The test dust shall have a nominal 0 to 5 µm size classification and shall have 96% (by volume
percent) of its particles within this range and 20 to 40% (by volume percent) of its particles greater than
2.5 µm.

7.3.2.1.4.3 Influent challenge

The oocyst challenge water shall contain live Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts as specified in 7.3.2.1.1
added to the general test water specified in 7.3.2.1.4.1 to achieve at least 50,000 (5 x 104) oocysts per
liter. Concentrate solutions of live Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts shall contain 0.01% polyoxyethylene
sorbitan mono-oleate to enhance the mono-dispersion of oocysts in the test water.

7.3.2.1.5 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle with a 20-min cycle, for 16 h per 24-h period,
followed by an 8-h rest under pressure.

NOTE – If the sample period occurs near the end of the 16 h of operation and the sample collection would
extend beyond the 16-h period, the collection of the sample may be delayed until the start of the next 16-h
period.

7.3.2.1.6 Methods

7.3.2.1.6.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using the general
test water specified in 7.3.2.1.4.1. The systems shall be tested at the maximum flow rate attainable by
setting an initial dynamic inlet pressure of 410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psig). The pressure shall not be
readjusted although the system may experience some change in dynamic pressure. The cycle time in
7.3.2.1.5 shall be used.

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7.3.2.1.6.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Refrigerator filter cyst reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate
control shall be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of
the refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.3.2.1.6.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice
maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any cyst reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.3.2.1.6.1.3 Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst challenge procedure

The Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst challenge procedure shall be performed as follows:

1) The challenge test water specified in 7.3.2.1.4.3 shall be used until the end of the eighth
cycle.

2) The challenge test water shall be stopped and the test dust loading water, specified in
7.3.2.1.4.2, shall be used until the flow rate is reduced by 25%.

3) The test dust loading water shall be stopped and the general test water without challenge,
specified in 7.3.2.1.4.1, shall be used for two cycles.

4) The general test water shall be stopped and the challenge test water, specified in 7.3.2.1.4.3,
shall be used for four cycles.

5) The challenge test water shall be stopped and the test dust loading water shall be used until
the flow rate is reduced by 50% from the original flow rate. Steps 3) and 4) shall then be
repeated.

6) The challenge test water shall be stopped and the test dust loading water shall be used until
the flow rate is reduced by 75% from the original flow rate. Steps 3) and 4) shall then be
repeated.

7.3.2.1.6.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.3.2.1.6.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle in 7.3.2.1.5, such as an extended recovery time, the operating cycle shall
be a repetitive complete filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

7.3.2.1.6.2.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Refrigerator filter cyst reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate
control shall be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of
the refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.3.2.1.6.2.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice
maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any cyst reduction testing shall be performed at a

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.3.2.1.6.3 Batch treatment systems

Two systems shall be conditioned by completely filling the raw water reservoir with the general test water
specified in 7.3.2.1.4.1. The challenge water shall be allowed to filter until it reaches its natural level in the
raw and treated water reservoirs. A filling cycle shall be established based on the time required for half
the water to filter through the initial cycle. The filling schedules shall be maintained 16 h per 24-h period
followed by an 8-h rest period. The systems shall be filled completely each cycle with a measured
volume. Treated water shall be discarded as necessary.

NOTE – If the sample period occurs near the end of the 16 h of operation and the sample collection would
extend beyond the 16-h period, the collection of the sample may be delayed until the start of the next 16-h
period.

7.3.2.1.6.3.1 Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst challenge procedure

The Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst challenge procedure shall be performed as follows:

1) The challenge test water, specified in 7.3.2.1.4.3, shall be used until the end of the eighth
cycle.

2) The test dust loading water, specified in 7.3.2.1.4.2, shall be used until the time required to
complete one cycle has increased by 133% of the original cycle time.

3) The general test water without challenge, specified in 7.3.2.1.4.1, shall be used for two
cycles.

4) The challenge test water, specified in 7.3.2.1.4.3, shall be used for four cycles.

5) The test dust loading water shall be used until the time required for one filling cycle has
increased by 200% from the original cycle time. Steps 3) and 4) shall then be repeated.

6) The test dust loading water shall then be used until the time required for 1 filling cycle has
increased by 400% from the original cycle time. Steps 3) and 4) shall then be repeated.

7.3.2.1.7 Sampling

7.3.2.1.7.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoir and plumbed-in systems with reservoir

The influent and effluent samples shall be collected and measured at the eighth cycle, 25%, 50%, and
75% flow reduction points. The volume of the system downstream of the mechanical filtration element
shall be determined. Samples for the 25%, 50%, and 75% flow reduction points shall be collected at the
beginning of the fourth cycle after the introduction of the challenge test water when the effluent from the
previous cycle has been flushed from the system downstream of the mechanical filtration element and the
sample apparatus. The samples shall be collected at the beginning of the flow to the test unit to include
any particles that may be released from the sudden increase in flow to the test unit.

7.3.2.1.7.2 Batch treatment systems

Influent (aliquot is removed by inserting a pipette to the midpoint of the raw water reservoir) and effluent
samples shall be collected:

– at the beginning of the “on” portion of the eighth cycle; and

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– at the beginning of the “on” portion of the fourth batch of challenge test water introduced
when the original filling time of the system has increased by 133%, 200%, and 400%.

7.3.2.2 Polystyrene microsphere reduction for systems other than those used in bottled water
plants

7.3.2.2.1 Polystyrene microsphere reduction claim for systems other than those used in bottled
water plants

The polystyrene latex microspheres shall have 95% of particles in the range of 3.00 ± 0.15 µm. The size
variation of the polystyrene microspheres shall be confirmed by electron microscopy. The spheres shall
have a surface charge content of less than 2 uEq/g. The microspheres shall contain a fluorescein
isothiocyanate (FITC) dye or equivalent. The system shall reduce the number of polystyrene
microspheres from an influent challenge of at least 50,000 (5 x 104) polystyrene microspheres per liter by
at least 99.95% when tested in accordance with 7.3.2.2.

7.3.2.2.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus. Cycling solenoid valves shall be of a design
that are rapid opening and closing (full actuation < 0.2 seconds), anti-water hammer and contain minimal
dead volume. Recommended valve types are angle seat valves (such as Burkert 2000 or Asco 8290
series) or pneumatic diaphragm valves. The valve shall be sized so that the Cv of the valve shall be equal
or greater than the clean system flow rate of the unit under test.

7.3.2.2.3 Analytical methods

Analysis shall be in accordance with Annex B.

7.3.2.2.4 Test water

7.3.2.2.4.1 General test water

hardness (as CaCO3) not more than 170 mg/L

pH 7.5 ± 0.5
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
total dissolved solids (TDS) 200 – 500 mg/L
turbidity < 1 NTU

7.3.2.2.4.2 Test dust loading water

Test dust shall be added to the general test water specified in 7.3.2.2.4.1 to achieve a minimum of 10
NTU. The test dust shall have a nominal 0 to 5 µm size classification and shall have 96% (by volume
percent) of its particles within this range and 20 to 40% (by volume percent) of its particles greater than
2.5 µm.

7.3.2.2.4.3 Influent challenge

The polystyrene microsphere challenge water shall contain 3.00 µm polystyrene microspheres as
specified in 7.3.2.2.1, added to the general test water specified in 7.3.2.2.4.1 to achieve at least 50,000 (5
x 104) microspheres per liter. Concentrate solutions of polystyrene microspheres shall contain 0.01%
polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate to enhance the mono-dispersion of oocysts in the test water.

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7.3.2.2.5 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle with a 20-min cycle, for 16 h per 24-h period,
followed by an 8-h rest under pressure.

NOTE – If the sample period occurs near the end of the 16 h of operation and the sample collection would
extend beyond the 16-h period, the collection of the sample may be delayed until the start of the next 16-h
period.

7.3.2.2.6 Methods

7.3.2.2.6.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using the general
test water specified in 7.3.2.2.4.1. The systems shall be tested at the maximum flow rate attainable by
setting an initial dynamic inlet pressure of 410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psig). The pressure shall not be
readjusted although the system may experience some change in dynamic pressure. The cycle time in
7.3.2.2.5 shall be used.

7.3.2.2.6.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Refrigerator filter cyst reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate
control shall be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of
the refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.3.2.2.6.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice
maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any cyst reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.3.2.2.6.1.3 Polystyrene microsphere challenge procedure

The polystyrene microsphere challenge procedure shall be performed as follows:

1) The challenge test water specified in 7.3.2.2.4.3 shall be used until the end of the eighth
cycle.

2) The challenge test water shall be stopped and the test dust loading water, specified in
7.3.2.2.4.2, shall be used until the flow rate is reduced by 25%.

3) The test dust loading water shall be stopped and the general test water without challenge,
specified in 7.3.2.2.4.1, shall be used for two cycles.

4) The general test water shall be stopped and the challenge test water, specified in 7.3.2.2.4.3,
shall be used for four cycles.

5) The challenge test water shall be stopped and the test dust loading water shall be used until
the flow rate is reduced by 50% from the original flow rate. Steps 3) and 4) shall then be
repeated.

6) The challenge test water shall be stopped and the test dust loading water shall be used until
the flow rate is reduced by 75% from the original flow rate. Steps 3) and 4) shall then be
repeated.

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7.3.2.2.6.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.3.2.2.6.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle in 7.3.2.2.5, such as an extended recovery time, the operating cycle shall
be a repetitive complete filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

7.3.2.2.6.2.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Refrigerator filter cyst reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate
control shall be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of
the refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.3.2.2.6.2.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice
maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any cyst reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.3.2.2.6.3 Batch treatment systems

Two systems shall be conditioned by completely filling the raw water reservoir with the general test water
specified in 7.3.2.2.4.1. The challenge water shall be allowed to filter until it reaches its natural level in the
raw and treated water reservoirs. A filling cycle shall be established based on the time required for half
the water to filter through the initial cycle. The filling schedules shall be maintained 16 h per 24-h period
followed by an 8-h rest period. The systems shall be filled completely each cycle with a measured
volume. Treated water shall be discarded as necessary.

NOTE – If the sample period occurs near the end of the 16 h of operation and the sample collection would
extend beyond the 16-h period, the collection of the sample may be delayed until the start of the next
16-h period.

7.3.2.2.6.3.1 Polystyrene microsphere challenge procedure

The polystyrene microsphere challenge procedure shall be performed as follows:

1) The challenge test water, specified in 7.3.2.2.4.3, shall be used until the end of the eighth
cycle.

2) The test dust loading water, specified in 7.3.2.2.4.2, shall be used until the time required to
complete one cycle has increased by 133% of the original cycle time.

3) The general test water without challenge, specified in 7.3.2.2.4.1, shall be used for two
cycles.

4) The challenge test water, specified in 7.3.2.2.4.3, shall be used for four cycles.

5) The test dust loading water shall be used until the time required for one filling cycle has
increased by 200% from the original cycle time. Steps 3) and 4) shall then be repeated.

6) The test dust loading water shall then be used until the time required for one filling cycle has
increased by 400% from the original cycle time. Steps 3) and 4) shall then be repeated.

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7.3.2.2.7 Sampling

7.3.2.2.7.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoir and plumbed-in systems with reservoir

The influent and effluent samples shall be collected and measured at the eighth cycle, 25%, 50%, and
75% flow reduction points. The volume of the system downstream of the mechanical filtration element
shall be determined. Samples for the 25%, 50%, and 75% flow reduction points shall be collected at the
beginning of the fourth cycle after the introduction of the challenge test water when the effluent from the
previous cycle has been flushed from the system downstream of the mechanical filtration element and the
sample apparatus. The samples shall be collected at the beginning of the flow to the test unit to include
any particles that may be released from the sudden increase in flow to the test unit.

7.3.2.2.7.2 Batch treatment systems

Influent (aliquot is removed by inserting a pipette to the midpoint of the raw water reservoir) and effluent
samples shall be collected:

– at the beginning of the “on” portion of the eighth cycle; and

– at the beginning of the “on” portion of the fourth batch of challenge test water introduced
when the original filling time of the system has increased by 133%, 200%, and 400%.

7.3.2.3 Polystyrene microsphere reduction for systems used in bottled water plants

7.3.2.3.1 Polystyrene microsphere reduction claim

The polystyrene latex microspheres shall have 95% of particles in the range of 3.00 ± 0.15 µm. The size
variation of the polystyrene microspheres shall be confirmed by electron microscopy. The spheres shall
have a surface charge content of less than 2 uEq/g. The microspheres shall contain a fluorescein
isothiocyanate (FITC) dye or equivalent. The system shall reduce the number of polystyrene
microspheres from an influent challenge of at least 50,000 (5 x 104) polystyrene microspheres per liter by
at least 99.95% when tested in accordance with 7.3.2.2.

7.3.2.3.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

7.3.2.3.3 Analytical methods

Analysis shall be in accordance with Annex B.

7.3.2.3.4 Test water

7.3.2.3.4.1 General test water

hardness (as CaCO3) not more than 170 mg/L

pH 7.5 ± 0.5
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
total dissolved solids (TDS) 200 – 500 mg/L
turbidity < 1 NTU

7.3.2.3.4.2 Test dust loading water

Test dust shall be added to the general test water specified in 7.3.2.3.4.1 to achieve a minimum of
10 NTU. The test dust shall have a nominal 0 to 5 µm size classification and shall have 96% (by volume

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percent) of its particles within this range and 20 to 40% (by volume percent) of its particles greater than
2.5 µm.

7.3.2.3.4.3 Influent challenge

The polystyrene microsphere challenge water shall contain 3.00 µm polystyrene microspheres as
specified in 7.3.2.3.1, added to the general test water specified in 7.3.2.3.4.1 to achieve at least 50,000
(5 x 104) microspheres per liter. Concentrate solutions of polystyrene microspheres shall contain 0.01%
polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate to enhance the mono-dispersion of oocysts in the test water.

7.3.2.3.5 Cycle time

The systems shall be tested for up to 16 h per 24-h period under constant flow conditions, followed by an
8-h rest under pressure, except as provided for in 7.3.2.3.6.

7.3.2.3.6 Methods

7.3.2.3.6.1 Polystyrene microsphere reduction

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, using the general
test water specified in 7.3.2.3.4.1. The systems shall be tested using the polystyrene microsphere
challenge water specified in 7.3.2.3.4.3 at the rated service flow specified by the manufacturer using a
dynamic test manifold inlet pressure of up to 620 kPa (90 psig) and the cycle time specified in 7.3.2.3.5.
The manufacturer’s rated service flow ± 10% shall be maintained throughout the test using a control valve
located downstream of the unit.

7.3.2.3.6.2 Challenge water introduction

The polystyrene microsphere challenge water as specified in 7.3.2.3.4.3 shall be introduced until the
collection of the start-up sample is completed. The polystyrene microsphere challenge shall be stopped.
The test dust loading water as specified in 7.3.2.3.4.2 shall be introduced until the 25% pressure drop
point is reached. The test dust loading water shall be terminated, and general test water specified in
7.3.2.3.4.1 shall be introduced for 10 min. The polystyrene microsphere challenge water shall be
introduced for 20 min. At the end of the 20-min period, a pressure pulse shall be administered to the
system, which shall be collected in the effluent sample. After sampling, the polystyrene microsphere
challenge shall be terminated, and the test dust loading water shall be introduced until the next sampling
point where the procedure shall be repeated.

7.3.2.3.7 Sampling

The influent and effluent samples shall be collected and measured at the start of the test and at 25%,
50%, 75%, 100%, and 150% ± 10% of the manufacturer’s recommended maximum pressure drop at the
rated service flow. Immediately prior to collection of the effluent samples, a pressure pulse shall be
administered to the systems under test by causing a rapid interruption and resumption of flow typical of a
fast-acting valve located downstream of the unit. For filtration elements that have maintenance
procedures, which include re-use, backwashing, cleaning, sterilization, etc., the manufacturer’s
maintenance procedures shall be followed, the filtration elements(s) returned to service, and the test
repeated. In addition to the collection of the influent and effluent samples specified, a sample of effluent
shall be collected immediately upon resumption of flow to the systems under test.

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7.3.3 Turbidity reduction challenge

7.3.3.1 Turbidity reduction claims

7.3.3.1.1 Turbidity reduction claim

The system shall reduce the influent challenge level of 11 ± 1 NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit) to not
more than 0.5 NTU when tested in accordance with 7.3.3. This level of turbidity reduction shall be
maintained at all sampling points during testing.

7.3.3.1.2 Turbidity reduction while performing test dust reduction test for cyst reduction

The system shall reduce the influent challenge level of > 10 NTU to not more than 0.5 NTU when tested
in accordance with 7.3.3. This level of turbidity reduction shall be maintained at all sampling points during
testing.

7.3.3.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus. Cycling solenoid valves shall be of a design
that are rapid opening and closing (full actuation < 0.2 seconds), anti-water hammer and contain minimal
dead volume. Recommended valve types are angle seat valves (such as Burkert 2000 or Asco 8290
series) or pneumatic diaphragm valves. The valve shall be sized so that the Cv of the valve shall be equal
or greater than the clean system flow rate of the unit under test.

7.3.3.3 Analytical methods

Analysis shall be in accordance with USEPA Method 180.1.

7.3.3.4 Test water

7.3.3.4.1 General test water

hardness (as CaCO3) not more than 170 mg/L

pH 7.5 ± 0.5
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
total dissolved solids (TDS) 200 – 500 mg/L
turbidity < 1 NTU

7.3.3.4.2 Test dust loading water

Test dust shall be added to the general test water specified in 7.3.3.4.1 to achieve a minimum of 10 NTU.
The test dust shall have a nominal 0 to 5 µm size classification and shall have 96% (by volume percent)
of its particles within this range and 20 to 40% (by volume percent) of its particles greater than 2.5 µm.

7.3.3.4.3 Influent challenge – turbidity

Test dust shall be added to the general test water specified in 7.3.3.4.1 to achieve a turbidity of
11 ± 1 NTU. The test dust shall have a nominal 0 to 5 µm size classification and shall have 96% (by
volume percent) of its particles within this range and 20% to 40% (by volume percent) of its particles
greater than 2.5 µm.

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7.3.3.5 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle basis with a 15- to 40-min cycle, 16 h per
24-h period, followed by an 8-h rest under pressure (a 10%-on / 90%-off cycle may be used if requested
by the manufacturer).

7.3.3.6 Methods

7.3.3.6.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using the general
test water specified in 7.3.3.4.1. The systems shall be tested using the challenge water in 7.3.3.4.3 at the
maximum flow rate attainable by setting an initial dynamic inlet pressure of 410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psig).
The cycle time specified in 7.3.3.5 shall be used.

7.3.3.6.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Refrigerator filter turbidity reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-
rate control shall be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service
flow of the refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.3.3.6.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any turbidity reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.3.3.6.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.3.3.6.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle in 7.3.3.5, such as an extended recovery time, the operating cycle shall
be a repetitive complete filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

7.3.3.6.2.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Refrigerator filter turbidity reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-
rate control shall be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service
flow of the refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.3.3.6.2.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any turbidity reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.3.3.6.3 Batch treatment systems

Two systems shall be conditioned by completely filling the raw water reservoir with the general test water
specified in 7.3.3.4.1. The systems shall be tested using the challenge water in 7.3.3.4.3. The water shall
be allowed to filter until it reaches its natural level in the raw and treated water reservoirs. A filling cycle
shall be established based on the time required for half the water to filter through the initial cycle.

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The filling schedules shall be maintained 16 h per 24-h period followed by an 8-h rest period. The
systems shall be filled completely each time with a measured volume. Treated water shall be discarded
as necessary.

7.3.3.7 Sampling

7.3.3.7.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoir and plumbed-in systems with reservoir

Influent and effluent samples shall be collected at the beginning of the "on" cycle at the start of the test
(beginning with the 4th cycle) and after each "off" cycle when the original flow from the system has
decreased 25%, 50%, and 75%. The volume of the system downstream of the mechanical filtration
element shall be determined. Samples shall be collected after the introduction of the challenge test water
when the effluent from the previous cycle has been flushed from the system downstream of the
mechanical filtration element and the sample apparatus. Sample size shall be 250 mL.

7.3.3.7.2 Batch treatment systems

Influent (aliquot removed by inserting pipette to midpoint of raw water reservoir) and effluent samples
shall be collected at the beginning of the “on” portion of the fourth cycle and after each “on” cycle when
the original filling time of the system has increased by 133%, 200%, and 400%.

7.4 Metals reduction testing

7.4.1 Arsenic reduction testing

There are two forms of arsenic: pentavalent arsenic (also called As(V), As(+5), and arsenate) and
trivalent arsenic (also called As(III), As(+3), and arsenite). Arsenic reduction is often species dependent.
Trivalent arsenic is generally more difficult to reduce from drinking water than pentavalent arsenic.
Trivalent arsenic, however, can be converted to pentavalent arsenic in the presence of an effective
oxidant such as free chlorine. Other technologies are also capable of oxidizing trivalent arsenic to
pentavalent arsenic.13

Claims may be made for pentavalent only and for arsenic reduction (trivalent and pentavalent).

7.4.1.1 Pentavalent arsenic reduction claims

The manufacturer of a water treatment system with a claim for pentavalent arsenic reduction only shall
provide consumer information that limits the use of the system to water supplies meeting one of the
following criteria:

– a residual free chlorine concentration is detectable at the treatment system inlet; or

– the water at the treatment system inlet has been demonstrated to contain only pentavalent
arsenic.

13
Laboratory Study on the Oxidation of Arsenic III to Arsenic V, EPA/600/R-01/021, March 2001

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Table 11 – Chemical reduction requirements

Individual
Average Maximum
influent
influent effluent USEPA
Substance sample Compound
challenge2 concentration method(s)
point limits1
mg/L mg/L
mg/L
arsenic 0.050 ±
200.75,
(pentavalent) 20%4 0.050 ± Na2HAsO4·
0.010 200.8,
(As[V]) 0.050 ± 10%3 7H2O
200.9
25%4
arsenic 200.75,
0.30 ± 20%4 3 Na2HAsO4·
(pentavalent) 0.30 ± 10% 0.010 200.8
0.30 ± 25%4 7H2O
(As[V]) 200.9
1
Equals average influent challenge concentration variability plus one of the following, in order of availability:
1. Acceptable Continuing Calibration Verification (CCV) limits stated in the appropriate USEPA method.
2. Acceptable spike recoveries as stated in the appropriate USEPA method.
3. Opinion of laboratory professionals – no guidance available in USEPA method.
2
Reason for influent challenge levels: challenge concentrations should be selected to simulate what a system will
be challenged with in the field and/or to provide an accurate and reproducible indicator of performance. The
following sequence of criteria is used to select challenge concentrations:
a
The upper percentile concentration of available occurrence data (the concentration for which there is high
probability [P<0.05] that 95 percent of the population will be exposed to waters of lower concentration).
Occurrence data shall come from national monitoring programs administered by the USEPA or the USGS.
Other occurrence data shall be accepted by the Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units.
b
The concentration obtained by multiplying the EPA’s published maximum contaminant level by three. This
concentration will not be adequate when EPA MCL is very low.
3
The manufacturer may choose to have a system tested with either an influent of 0.30 mg/L or with an influent of
0.050 mg/L. The influent concentration of 0.050 mg/L was determined through review of arsenic occurrence in
drinking water sources, and represents the 97% occurrence level for all sources. The 0.30 mg/L influent
concentration was determined through review of arsenic occurrence in drinking water sources that exceed 0.050
mg/L, and represents a majority of the sources above the 0.050 mg/L level. It is also a challenge concentration
established in NSF/ANSI 58 for arsenic reduction.
4
The first limits apply to analysis conducted according to USEPA method 200.7, and the second limits apply to
analysis conducted according to USEPA method 200.8 or 200.9
5
USEPA Method 200.7 shall be used for analysis of influent sample concentrations only.
– concluded –
7.4.1.1.1 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

7.4.1.1.2 Analytical methods

All analyses shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable methods referenced in 2.

7.4.1.1.3 Pentavalent arsenic reduction test water

The pentavalent arsenic reduction test shall be performed at pH 6.5 and 8.5. The test waters shall be
prepared as follows:

1) A water supply shall be treated by reverse osmosis, then shall be treated by deionization
(RO/DI water) and shall have a conductivity of less than 2 μS/cm. A test tank shall be filled with
the RO/DI water.

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2) All chemical additions shall take place after the test tank is filled with the RO/DI water, or
while the test tank is being filled. Use reagent grade chemicals for all additions to adjust the
RO/DI water to meet the following specific characteristics:

Overall average Single point

Parameter Target value
tolerance tolerance
Mg2+ 12 mg/L ± 20% average ± 30%
NO3- – N 2.0 mg/L ± 20% average ± 30%
F– 1 mg/L ± 20% average ± 30%
SiO2 20 mg/L ± 20% average ± 30%
PO43-– P 0.04 mg/L ± 25% average ± 50%
Ca2+ 40 mg/L ± 20% average ± 30%
As(V) 0.050 mg/L or 0.30 mg/L ± 10% average ± 20%
temperature 20°C ± 2.5°C (68°F ± 5°F)
turbidity < NTU
free available
0.25 – 0.75 mg/L
chlorine
pH 6.5 ± 0.25 and 8.5 ± 0.25

3) Dissolve enough sodium silicate (Na2SiO3·9H2O) in DI water to achieve a test tank

concentration of 93 mg/L Na2SiO3·9H2O. Stir the solution and transfer it to the test tank.

4) Dissolve enough sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in DI water to achieve a test tank

concentration of 250 mg/L NaHCO3. Stir the solution and transfer it to the test tank.

5) Adjust the pH of the test tank solution using hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) to 6.5 ± 0.25 for the low pH test, and to pH 8.5 ± 0.25 for the high pH test.

6) Separately dissolve enough magnesium sulfate (MgSO4·7H2O), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and
sodium fluoride (NaF) in DI water to achieve test tank concentrations of 128 mg/L, 12 mg/L, and
2.2 mg/L respectively.

7) Dissolve enough sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4·H2O) in DI water to achieve a test tank

concentration of 0.18 mg/L NaH2PO4·H2O. Stir and transfer to the test tank.

8) Dissolve enough calcium chloride (CaCl2) in DI water to achieve a test tank concentration of
111 mg/L CaCl2. Stir and transfer to the test tank.

NOTE – Due to the tendency of anhydrous calcium chloride to absorb water, it is recommended
that the calcium chloride be dried prior to addition to the DI.

9) Add sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) until a free available chlorine concentration in the range of
0.25 – 0.75 mg/L is reached. Stir the tank for at least 2 min.

10) If required, adjust the pH of the solution using HCl or NaOH to 6.5 ± 0.25 for the low pH test
and to pH 8.5 ± 0.25 for the high pH test.

11) Dissolve sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4·7H2O) in DI water prior to addition to the test tank.
Determine the amount of sodium arsenate by the desired challenge concentration (0.050 mg/L or
0.30 mg/L as arsenic). For the 0.050 mg/L challenge, a concentration of 0.21 mg/L sodium
arsenate shall be achieved. For the 0.30 mg/L challenge, a concentration of 1.28 mg/L sodium
arsenate shall be achieved.

12) Mix and measure the final pH, and adjust as needed. Minimize mixing thereafter throughout
the duration of the test.

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13) Analyze the influent challenge for the specified water parameters for each tank of water
prepared. Analyze chlorine and pH at each sampling point. It is recommended that a tank of
challenge water not be used for longer than 24 h.

NOTE – When intermediate sampling and analysis of chlorine and pH values indicate that the
challenge water is drifting out of the target range for these parameters, adjustments may be made
to the challenge water.

7.4.1.1.4 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle basis with a 15- to 40-min cycle, 16 h per 24-
h period, followed by an 8-h rest under pressure (a 10%-on / 90%-off cycle may be used if requested by
the manufacturer).

For pentavalent arsenic reduction, the total volume of treated water produced during the on cycle shall be
no less than six bed volumes.

7.4.1.1.5 Methods

7.4.1.1.5.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs and all faucet-mounted systems

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the test water
specified in 7.4.1.1.3. The systems shall be tested using the appropriate influent challenge water at the
maximum flow rate attainable by setting an initial dynamic pressure of 410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psi). The
pressure shall not be readjusted although the system may experience some change in dynamic pressure.
The operating cycle specified in 7.4.1.1.4 shall be used.

7.4.1.1.5.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Chemical reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control shall
be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of the
refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.4.1.1.5.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice
maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any chemical reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.4.1.1.5.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.4.1.1.5.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle specified in 7.4.1.1.4, the operating cycle shall be a repetitive complete
filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

7.4.1.1.5.3 Nonplumbed pour-through-type batch treatment systems

Two systems shall be tested using the appropriate challenge and influent water after establishment of the
manufacturer's recommended use pattern, with automatic cycling. If there is not a recommended use
pattern, the systems shall be operated on the basis of four times the bed volume per batch. The cycle
shall include a rest period of 15 to 60 s between batches, timed from the cessation of streamed flow.

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7.4.1.1.6 Sampling

For systems tested to 120% of the estimated capacity, influent and effluent samples shall be collected
during the "on" portion of the cycle at the start of the test (after the passage of 10 bed volumes of influent
challenge) and at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the estimated capacity. For systems tested to
200% of the estimated capacity, samples shall be collected at startup (after the passage of 10 bed
volumes) and at 50%, 100%, 150%, 180%, and 200% of the estimated capacity. Effluent samples shall
be collected after the passage of a minimum of five bed volumes following the start of the “on” cycle, and
shall be at least one unit volume in size. Following an overnight rest or any other period of non-use longer
than 2 h, effluent samples shall not be collected prior to the passage of a minimum of 100 bed volumes
(based on the bed volume of the arsenic reduction component only).

NOTE – Effluent samples may be subject to a temporary recovery of the arsenic treatment capacity when
sampled immediately following an overnight rest or other significant period of non-use.

7.4.1.2 Arsenic reduction claims

To qualify for an arsenic reduction claim, a water treatment system shall pass the test for pentavalent
arsenic reduction in accordance with 7.4.1.1, and shall pass a separate test for trivalent arsenic reduction
in accordance with this section. A claim for trivalent arsenic reduction only shall not be made.

Table 12 – Arsenic reduction requirements (Trivalent challenge)

Maximum
Influent
effluent USEPA
Substance challenge1 Compound
concentration method(s)
mg/L
mg/L
arsenic (trivalent)
0.050 ± 10%2 0.010 200.8,3 200.9 NaAsO2
(As[III])
arsenic (trivalent)
0.30 ± 10%2 0.010 200.8,3 200.9 NaAsO2
(As[III])
1
Reason for influent challenge levels: challenge concentrations should be selected to simulate what a system will
be challenged with in the field and/or to provide an accurate and reproducible indicator of performance. The
following sequence of criteria is used to select challenge concentrations:
a
The upper percentile concentration of available occurrence data (the concentration for which there is high
probability [P < 0.05] that 95 % of the population will be exposed to waters of lower concentration).
Occurrence data shall come from national monitoring programs administered by the USEPA or the USGS.
Other occurrence data shall be accepted by the Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units.
b
The concentration obtained by multiplying the EPA’s published maximum contaminant level by three. This
concentration will not be adequate when EPA MCL is very low.
2
The manufacturer may choose to have a system tested with either an influent of 0.30 mg/L or with an influent of
0.050 mg/L. The influent concentration of 0.050 mg/L was determined through review of arsenic occurrence in
drinking water sources, and represents the 97% occurrence level for all sources. The 0.30 mg/L influent
concentration was determined through review of arsenic occurrence in drinking water sources that exceed 0.050
mg/L, and represents a majority of the sources above the 0.050 mg/L level. It is also a challenge concentration
established in NSF/ANSI 58 for arsenic reduction.
3
USEPA Method 200.7 may be used for analysis of influent sample concentrations.

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7.4.1.2.1 Trivalent arsenic test requirements

7.4.1.2.1.1 Apparatus

A test apparatus capable of providing specified flow rates and static pressures shall be used. Refer to
7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

7.4.1.2.1.2 Analytical methods

All analyses shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable methods referenced in 2.

All effluent samples collected from the treatment systems shall be analyzed for arsenic.

7.4.1.2.1.3 Trivalent arsenic reduction test water

The trivalent arsenic reduction test shall be performed at pH 6.5 and 8.5. The test waters shall be
prepared as follows:

1) A water supply shall be treated by reverse osmosis, then shall be treated by deionization
(RO/DI water) and shall have a conductivity of less than 2 μS/cm. A test tank shall be filled with
the RO/DI water.

2) All chemical additions shall take place after the test tank is filled with the RO/DI water, or
while the test tank is being filled. Use reagent grade chemicals for all additions to adjust the
RO/DI water to meet the following specific characteristics:

Overall average Single point

Parameter Target value
tolerance tolerance
Mg2+ 12 mg/L ± 20% average ± 30%
NO3- – N 2.0 mg/L ± 20% average ± 30%
F- 1 mg/L ± 20% average ± 30%
SiO2 20 mg/L ± 20% average ± 30%
PO43- – P 0.04 mg/L ± 25% average ± 50%
Ca2+ 40 mg/L ± 20% average ± 30%
As(III) 0.050 mg/L or 0.30 mg/L ± 10% average ± 30%
temperature 20°C ± 2.5°C (68°F ± 5°F)
turbidity < 1 NTU
pH 6.5 ± 0.25 and 8.5 ± 0.25
dissolved oxygen < 0.5 mg/L

3) Dissolve enough sodium silicate (Na2SiO3. 9H2O) in DI water to achieve a test tank
concentration of 93 mg/L Na2SiO3·9H2O. Stir the solution and transfer it to the test tank.

4) Dissolve enough sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in DI water to achieve a test tank

concentration of 250 mg/L NaHCO3. Stir the solution and transfer it to the test tank.

5) Adjust the pH of the test tank solution using hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) to 6.5 ± 0.25 for the low pH test, and to pH 8.5 ± 0.25 for the high pH test.

6) Separately dissolve enough magnesium sulfate (MgSO4·7H2O), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and
sodium fluoride (NaF) in DI water to achieve test tank concentrations of 128 mg/L, 12 mg/L, and
2.2 mg/L respectively. Stir the solution and transfer it to the test tank.

7) Dissolve enough sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4.H2O) in DI water to achieve a test tank

concentration of 0.18 mg/L NaH2PO4.H2O. Stir and transfer to the test tank.

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8) Dissolve enough calcium chloride (CaCl2) in DI water to achieve a test tank concentration of
111 mg/L CaCl2. Stir and transfer to the test tank.

NOTE – Due to the tendency of anhydrous calcium chloride to absorb water, it is recommended
that the calcium chloride be dried prior to addition to the DI.

9) Adjust the pH of the solution using HCl or NaOH to 6.5 ± 0.25 for the low pH test, and to pH
8.5 ± 0.25 for the high pH test.

10) Adjust the dissolved oxygen to < 0.5 mg/L by a method that does not significantly affect the
other parameters of the solution. One acceptable method is purging with an inert gas such as
nitrogen or argon.

11) Dissolve sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) in DI water prior to addition to the test tank. Determine
the amount of sodium arsenite by the desired challenge concentration (0.050 mg/L or 0.30 mg/L
as arsenic). For the 0.050 mg/L challenge, a concentration of 0.087 mg/L sodium arsenite shall
be achieved. For the 0.30 mg/L challenge, a concentration of 0.52 mg/L sodium arsenite shall be
achieved.

12) Mix the tank and measure the pH. Adjust the pH as needed. Mix the tank before any
sampling is done and minimize mixing thereafter throughout the duration of the test.

13) Analyze the influent challenge water for the specified water parameters for each tank of water
prepared. Analyze pH and dissolved oxygen at each sampling point. It is recommended that a
tank of challenge water not be used for longer than 24 h.

NOTE – When intermediate sampling and analysis of pH values indicate that the challenge water is
drifting out of the target range for this parameter, adjustments may be made to the challenge water.
Annex D provides an example method for the speciation of arsenic to confirm the oxidation state of
the challenge compound.

7.4.1.2.1.4 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on/50%-off cycle basis with a 15- to 40-min cycle, 16 h/d,
followed by an 8-h rest under pressure (a 10%-on/90%-off cycle may be used if requested by the
manufacturer).

The total volume of treated water produced during the on cycle shall be no less than six bed volumes.

7.4.1.2.1.5 Servicing of components

If clogging occurs, systems with separate mechanical filtration components shall have the mechanical
filtration components replaced or serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to maintain
the test flow rate.

7.4.1.2.1.6 Methods

7.4.1.2.1.6.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs and all faucet-mounted systems

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the
appropriate general test water specified in 7.4.1.2.1.3. The systems shall be tested using the appropriate
influent challenge water at the maximum flow rate attainable using a dynamic pressure of 410 ± 20 kPa
(60 ± 3 psig) and the operating cycle specified in 7.4.1.2.1.4. The pressure shall not be readjusted
although the system may experience some change in dynamic pressure.

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7.4.1.2.1.6.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Chemical reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control shall
be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of the
refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.4.1.2.1.6.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice
maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any chemical reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.4.1.2.1.6.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.4.1.2.1.6.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does
not lend itself to the operating cycle specified in 7.4.1.2.1.4, the operating cycle shall be a repetitive
complete filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

7.4.1.2.1.6.3 Nonplumbed pour-through-type batch treatment system

Two systems shall be tested using the appropriate challenge and influent water after establishment of the
manufacturer's recommended use pattern, with automatic cycling. If there is not a recommended use
pattern, the systems shall be operated on the basis of four times the bed volume per batch. The cycle
shall include a rest period of 15 to 60 s between batches, timed from the cessation of streamed flow.

7.4.1.2.1.7 Sampling

All influent arsenic samples shall be collected at a location immediately prior to the test unit plumbing
connection.

For systems tested to 120% of the estimated capacity, influent and effluent samples shall be collected
during the "on" portion of the cycle at the start of the test (after the passage of 10 bed volumes of influent
challenge) and at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the estimated capacity. For systems tested to
200% of the estimated capacity, samples shall be collected at startup (after the passage of 10 bed
volumes) and at 50%, 100%, 150%, 180%, and 200% of the estimated capacity. Effluent samples shall
be collected after the passage of a minimum of five bed volumes following the start of the “on” cycle, and
shall be at least one unit volume in size. Following an overnight rest or any other period longer than 2 h,
no effluent samples shall be collected until 100 bed volumes (based on the bed volume of the arsenic
reduction component only) have passed through the system.

NOTE – Effluent samples may be subject to a temporary recovery of the arsenic treatment capacity when
sampled immediately following an overnight rest or other significant period of non-use.

All effluent samples collected from the treatment systems shall be analyzed for arsenic.

7.4.2 General metals reduction

7.4.2.1 General metals reduction testing

Claims for chemical reduction may be made for the specific metal contaminants shown in Table 12 when
tested in accordance with 7.4.2.1. To qualify for a metal reduction claim, the system shall reduce the
influent concentration(s) so that all effluent concentrations are less than or equal to the maximum effluent
concentrations shown in Table 13.

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Table 13 – General metals reduction requirements

Individual Average Maximum

influent Influent effluent USEPA
Substance Compound
sample point challenge2 concentration method(s)
limits1 mg/L mg/L mg/L
barium 10.0 ± 25% 10.0 ± 10% 2 200.8 BaCl2
cadmium 0.03 ± 25% 0.03 ± 10% 0.005 200.8 CdCl2
0.3 ± 10% b
chromium SM3500- Na2Cr2O7 ·
0.3 ± 25% (added as 0.1
(hexavalent) CrD 2 H2O
hexavalent)
0.3 ± 10% b
chromium CrCl3 ·
0.3 ± 30% (added as 0.1 200.83
(trivalent) 6 H2O
trivalent)
0.3 ± 10% b
chromium
(added as 0.15 SM3500-
(hexavalent 0.05 (for each
0.3 ± 25% mg/L hexavalent CrD and
and species)
and 0.15 mg/L 200.83
trivalent)
trivalent)
CuSO4 ·
Copper 3.0 ± 25% 3.0 ± 10% b 1.3 200.8
5 H2O
0.006 ± 10% b
(added as
mercury 0.006 ± 25% 0.002 200.8 Hg(NO3)2 · H2O
inorganic
mercury)
0.10 ± 10%
50/50 mix
(added as 0.5
selenium 0.10 ± 25% 0.05 200.8 Na2SeO3/Na2S
selenite and 0.5
eO4
selenate)
1
Equals average influent challenge concentration variability plus one of the following, in order of availability:
1. Acceptable Continuing Calibration Verification (CCV) limits stated in the appropriate USEPA method.
2. Acceptable spike recoveries as stated in the appropriate USEPA method.
3. Opinion of laboratory professionals – no guidance available in USEPA method.
2
Reason for influent challenge levels: challenge concentrations should be selected to simulate what a system will
be challenged with in the field and/or to provide an accurate and reproducible indicator of performance. The
following sequence of criteria is used to select challenge concentrations:
a
The upper percentile concentration of available occurrence data (the concentration for which there is high
probability [P<0.05] that 95 percent of the population will be exposed to waters of lower concentration).
Occurrence data shall come from national monitoring programs administered by the USEPA or the USGS. Other
occurrence data shall be accepted by the Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units.
b
The concentration obtained by multiplying the USEPA’s published maximum contaminant level by three. This
concentration will not be adequate when USEPA MCL is very low.
3
Measured as total chromium by USEPA method 200.8 minus hexavalent chromium as measured by Standard
Methods 3500-CrD.
NOTE 1 – Contaminants not listed in this Table shall be added in their molecular form.
NOTE 2 – Metal salts using alternate counter ions may be used if interferences and synergistic effects are
avoided.
– concluded –

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7.4.2.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

7.4.2.3 Analytical methods

All analyses shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable methods referenced in 2.

7.4.2.4 Servicing of components

If clogging occurs, systems with separate mechanical filtration components shall have the mechanical
filtration components replaced or serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to maintain
the test flow rate.

7.4.2.5 Metals reduction test waters

A public water supply shall be used and the following specific characteristics shall be maintained
throughout the test for metals reduction claims:

low pH high pH
alkalinity (as CaCO3) 10 – 30 mg/L 100 – 250 mg/L
hardness (as CaCO3) 10 – 30 mg/L 100 – 200 mg/L
PH 6.5 ± 0.25 8.5 ± 0.25
polyphosphate (as P) < 0.5 mg/L < 0.5 mg/L
TDS < 100 mg/L 200 – 500 mg/L
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F) 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
turbidity < 1 NTU < 1 NTU

NOTE – Where precipitation of the metals occurs, deionized water shall be used instead of water from a
public water supply. Appropriate calcium salts, or magnesium salts, or both, shall be added to provide the
desired TDS (refer to table of standard Ksp values). The pH adjustment required shall not cause
precipitation of the metals.

7.4.2.6 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle basis with a 15- to 40-min cycle, 16 h per
24-h period, followed by an 8-h rest under pressure (a 10%-on / 90%-off cycle may be used if requested
by the manufacturer).

7.4.2.7 Methods

7.4.2.7.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs and all faucet-mounted systems

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the
appropriate general test water specified in 7.4.2.5. The systems shall be tested using the appropriate
influent challenge water at the maximum flow rate attainable by setting an initial dynamic pressure of 410
± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psi). The pressure shall not be readjusted although the system may experience some
change in dynamic pressure. The operating cycle specified in 7.4.2.6 shall be used.

7.4.2.7.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Chemical reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control shall
be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of the
refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

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7.4.2.7.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any chemical reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.4.2.7.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.4.2.7.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle specified in 7.4.2.6, the operating cycle shall be a repetitive complete
filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

7.4.2.7.3 Nonplumbed pour-through-type batch treatment systems

Two systems shall be tested using the appropriate challenge and influent water after establishment of the
manufacturer's recommended use pattern, with automatic cycling. If there is not a recommended use
pattern, the systems shall be operated on the basis of four times the bed volume per batch. The cycle
shall include a rest period of 15 to 60 s between batches, timed from the cessation of streamed flow.

7.4.2.8 Sampling

For systems with performance-indication devices, during the "on" portion of the cycle, influent and effluent
samples shall be collected at the start of the test (after the passage of 10 unit volumes of influent
challenge) and at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the estimated capacity. For systems without
performance indication devices, the system shall be tested to 200% of the estimated capacity. Samples
shall be collected at startup (after the passage of 10 unit volumes) and at 50%, 100%, 150%, 180%, and
200% of the estimated capacity. Samples for each system shall be at least one unit volume.

7.4.3 Lead reduction testing

7.4.3.1 Lead reduction claims

To qualify for a lead reduction claim, all systems shall meet the requirements of 7.4.3 for the lead pH 6.5
and lead pH 8.5 reduction testing. If, during the lead pH 8.5 reduction testing, the flow rate through the
system is reduced by 75% of the initial clean flow rate after reaching 100% of the rated capacity and the
lead effluent concentrations are less than or equal to the maximum effluent concentration shown in
Table 14, the system shall qualify for the lead reduction claim.

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Table 14 – Lead reduction requirements

Influent Maximum
Overall Single
5 challenge1 effluent USEPA
Substance average point Compound
conc. method
tolerance tolerance
mg/L
200.8,
Lead [Pbt] 0.15 mg/L ± 10% ± 20% 0.010 Pb(NO3)2
200.94
200.8,
Lead %[Pbtp]2 30 % ± 10%3 ± 20%3 n/a
200.94
200.8,
Lead %[Pbf]2 ≥ 20 % n/a n/a n/a
200.94
1
Reason for influent challenge levels: challenge concentrations should be selected to simulate what a
system will be challenged with in the field and/or to provide an accurate and reproducible indicator of
performance. The following sequence of criteria may be used to select challenge concentrations:
1a
The upper percentile concentration of available occurrence data (the concentration for which there is
high probability [P<0.05] that 95 percent of the population will be exposed to waters of lower
concentration). Occurrence data shall come from national monitoring programs administered by the
USEPA or the USGS. Other occurrence data shall be accepted by the Joint Committee on Drinking
Water Treatment Units.
1b
The concentration obtained by multiplying the USEPA’s published maximum contaminant level by
three. This concentration will not be adequate when USEPA MCL is very low.
2
Requirements for the lead pH 8.5 test only. A maximum of one sample point (influent and effluents if
present) may be discarded if these requirements are not met; the discarded sample point cannot be the final
capacity sample point of the test (120 or 200 percent).
3
Percentage variance allowed; for example, total particulate lead (Lead %[Pbtp]) is allowed an overall
average tolerance of 20 – 40% (30 ± 10%).
4
USEPA Method 200.7 may be used for analysis of influent sample concentrations only.
5
Pbt is total lead, Pbtp is total particulate lead, and Pbf is the portion of total particulate lead that is between
0.1 and 1.2 microns in size (fine).

7.4.3.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

7.4.3.3 Analytical methods

7.4.3.3.1 All analyses shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable methods referenced in 2.

7.4.3.3.2 Determination of particulate lead in pH 8.5 testing

Influent lead samples shall be collected from a non-glass sampling vessel. A portion representing the total
lead [Pbt] sample shall be transferred immediately to a non-glass sample bottle that contains adequate
nitric acid to lower the pH of the sample to below 2.0.

A second portion of the same influent collected from the non-glass sampling vessel shall be immediately
passed through a 0.1 micron absolute filter and collected into a non-glass sample bottle that contains
adequate nitric acid to lower the pH of the sample below 2.0. This sample is the 0.1 micron filtrate lead
sample [fPb0.1].

A third portion of the same influent collected from the non-glass sampling vessel shall be immediately
passed through a 1.2 micron absolute filter and collected into a non-glass bottle that contains adequate

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nitric acid to lower the pH of the sample below 2.0. This sample is the 1.2 micron filtrate lead sample
[fPb1.2].

The total particulate lead [Pbtp] shall be calculated as follows:

[Pbtp] = [Pbt] – [fPb0.1]

The percent of total particulate lead %[Pbtp] shall be calculated as follows:

%[Pbtp] = {[Pbt] – [fPb0.1]} ÷ [Pbt] x 100

Fine particulate lead [Pbf] shall be the portion of particulate lead between 0.1 and 1.2 micron, and shall be
calculated as follows:

[Pbf] = [fPb1.2] – [fPb0.1]

Percent of fine particulate lead %[Pbf] shall be calculated as follows:

%[Pbf] = {[Pbf] ÷ [Pbtp]} x 100

The filter apparatus for particulate lead sample preparation shall consist of a polypropylene syringe
attached to a 0.1 or 1.2 micron absolute disposable syringe filter (Pall Acrodisc supor membrane,
32 mm14 or Millipore Millex-VV PVDF membrane15) or a filter system that has been validated by the
analysis of a minimum of seven sample pairs of the lead test water in parallel with one of the
recommended filter membranes. Filtration should be conducted under moderate pressure with a
recommended maximum delivery rate of 1 mL/sec. The filtered and unfiltered sample pairs shall be
evaluated using a statistical paired two samples for means t-test at 95% confidence, n=7 (or greater), and
hypothesized mean difference of zero (no statistical difference).

7.4.3.4 Servicing of components

If clogging occurs, systems with separate mechanical filtration components shall have the mechanical
filtration components replaced or serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to maintain
the test flow rate.

7.4.3.5 Metals reduction waters for lead

7.4.3.5.1 Test water for lead pH 6.5 testing

A public water supply shall be used and the following specific characteristics shall be maintained
throughout the test for metals reduction claims:

alkalinity (as CaCO3) 10 – 30 mg/L

hardness (as CaCO3) 10 – 30 mg/L
pH 6.5 ± 0.25
polyphosphate (as P) < 0.5 mg/L
TDS < 100 mg/L
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
turbidity < 1 NTU

NOTE – Where precipitation of the metals occurs, deionized water shall be used instead of water from a
public water supply. Appropriate calcium salts, or magnesium salts, or both, shall be added to provide the

14
Pall Corporation, 2200 Northern Boulevard, East Hills, NY 11548 <www.pall.com>.
15
Millipore, 290 Concord Road, Billerica, MA 01821 <www.millipore.com>.

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desired TDS (refer to table of standard Ksp values). The pH adjustment required shall not cause
precipitation of the metals.

7.4.3.5.2 Test water for lead pH 8.5 testing

The lead pH 8.5 test water shall be prepared following the prescribed procedure in order to control the
formation of a specific amount of particulate lead. The formation of particulate lead is sensitive to the
cleanliness of the equipment, the design of the equipment, and exact methods used. The amount of total
particulate lead [Pbt] and fine particulate lead [Pbf] in the test water is determined as described in
7.4.3.3.2.

7.4.3.5.2.1 Demonstration of laboratory capability

The test equipment used and the procedures employed for conducting the test shall demonstrate the
capability of meeting the requirements for the lead pH 8.5 test. Each type of test equipment or apparatus
(refer to 7.1.2, figure 2) used for lead pH 8.5 testing shall be validated under this section.

Each type of test equipment used for lead pH 8.5 testing shall be validated against this procedure prior to
testing. The test water shall be prepared as required under 7.4.3.5.2.3 three times for each type of test
equipment. The test equipment shall deliver the test water to the test unit connection points and maintain
the total and particulate lead percentages over a minimum of 24 h for each test water preparation as
follows:

All influent samples shall be within 10% of the mean

Total Lead Concentration (ug/L) [Pbt]
over 24 h.
Average 20 – 40%, all sample points within 10 –
Total Percent Particulate Lead %[Pbtp]
50%.
Percent Fine Particulate Lead %[Pbf] Minimum of 20% for all sample points.

Samples shall be collected 20 min, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h after the completion of test water preparation.
Samples shall be collected from the test unit connection (or dispensing) points on the test equipment.

7.4.3.5.2.2 Test equipment cleaning and conditioning

The test equipment shall have all surfaces in contact with the test water cleaned prior to testing to remove
excess particulate and biological material. Test equipment that is used exclusively for lead pH 8.5
reduction can conduct several tests sequentially if the particulate levels specified in 7.4.3.5.2.1 are
maintained.

NOTE – Experience in the laboratory has suggested that a dedicated tank should not be used for longer
than 21 days without cleaning. This is highly dependent on the construction of the tank system as well as the
cleaning method.

7.4.3.5.2.2.1 Test equipment cleaning

The test equipment shall be cleaned using an acid wash to remove excess particulate from the test
equipment. This shall be accomplished by filling the equipment with a 0.003 N HCl solution and
recirculating through the tank and plumbing for 2 h. A RO/DI rinse shall be completed after the acid wash.
Other acidic solutions may be used if they are shown to clean the test rig properly without adversely
affecting the formation of particulate lead.

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7.4.3.5.2.2.2 Test equipment conditioning

The test equipment shall be conditioned after cleaning by adding 150 ppb lead from the acidified stock to
RO/DI water for a minimum of 8 h (pH below 7.5). The lead solution shall be circulated through the tank
and plumbing to condition all of the wetted surfaces. Modification of the conditioning procedure may be
made if it is demonstrated that the modifications improve the stability or formation of total and particulate
lead.

7.4.3.5.2.3 Lead pH 8.5 reduction test water

The lead pH 8.5 reduction test water shall be prepared as follows:

1) A water supply shall be treated by reverse osmosis and then shall be treated with
deionization (RO/DI water) and shall have a conductivity of less than 2 S/cm. A test equipment
tank shall be filled with the RO/DI water.

2) Use reagent grade chemicals for all additions to adjust the RO/DI water to meet the following
specific characteristics:

Parameter Target Value Overall Average Single Point

Tolerance Tolerance
hardness (as CaCO3) 100 mg/L ± 10% ± 20%
alkalinity (as CaCO3) 100 mg/L ± 10% ± 20%
total chlorine 0.50 mg/L ± 0.25 mg/L ± 0.25 mg/L
pH 8.5 8.30 – 8.60 8.25 – 8.75
temperature 20.0 oC ± 2.5 oC ± 2.5 oC

7.4.3.5.2.3.1 Solution preparation

The solutions for generating the lead pH 8.5 test water shall be prepared as follows:

– Calcium Chloride Solution

Add Calcium Chloride (CaCl22H2O) to RO/DI H2O to obtain a solution concentration of 38 g/L.

– Magnesium Sulfate Solution

Add Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO47H2O) to RO/DI H2O to obtain a solution concentration of 32

g/L.

– Sodium Bicarbonate Solution

Add Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to RO/DI H2O to obtain a solution concentration of 63 g/L.

– Sodium Hypochlorite Solution

Commercial grade bleach solution may be used with a concentration between 5 – 7% NaClO.

– Soluble Lead Stock Solution

4 mL 1:1 diluted concentrated Nitric Acid to 1 L RO/DI H2O; then add 3.6 g Pb(NO3). Store the
solution in a plastic container for no more than 90 days.

– Insoluble Lead Stock Solution

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Add 1.6 g Pb(NO3) to 1 L RO/DI H2O (RO/DI pH should be already below 6.5; if it is not, let the
water sit with exposure to the atmosphere until its pH is below 6.5). Store the solution in a plastic
container for no more than 30 days.

7.4.3.5.2.3.2 Method of test water preparation

1) Mix tank during all additions. Mix the solution adequately after the addition of all chemicals
prior to pH adjustment to ensure a homogeneous solution.

2) Mix the tank again after each pH adjustment or lead addition to ensure homogeneity.

NOTE – Length and type of mixing may affect the amount of total particulate lead and the relative
amounts of fine and coarse particulate lead. High-speed vortex mixing of the tank for extended
periods of time should be avoided. Mixing should be minimized after the initial formation of lead
particulate to improve the stability of the fine particulate.

3) Do not mix tank excessively during use; only mix enough to ensure a homogeneous
challenge. It is recommended that mixing occur at a maximum of 5 min/h.

4) Do not use the tank of test water for longer than 24 h.

5) Add chemicals and make adjustments in order as listed in the Table below. Use the exact
chemical formula as indicated. Adjustments may be made in the amount added to meet the
specific characteristics under 7.4.3.5.2.3. Sequence and method of additions must be adhered to
for the proper formation of particulate lead. The procedure may be scaled up or down depending
on the volume requirements of the test.

Action Chemical Name Formula Per 380 L

(100 gal)
Fill tank with RO/DI Water RO/DI Water H2O 380 L
add magnesium solution Magnesium Sulfate
MgSO47H2O 1.0 L
(32 g/L)
add calcium solution Calcium Chloride
CaCl22H2O 1.0 L
(38 g/L)
Add bicarbonate solution Sodium Bicarbonate
NaHCO3 1.0 L
(63 g/L)
Add bleach solution Sodium Hypochlorite
NaClO 4 mL
(6% bleach)
Adjust pH of solution Sodium Hydroxide or
NaOH or HCl as needed
Hydrochloric Acid
Verify temperature
Verify total chlorine
Add soluble lead stock solution Lead Stock Solution –
Pb(NO3)2 20 mL1
Soluble1
Add insoluble lead stock – see Lead Stock Solution –
Pb(NO3)2 20 mL2
preparation method Insoluble2
1
Add directly to tank.
2
Insoluble Lead Preparation:

1) Use a plastic container that is sized no larger than 100 times (100x) the volume of stock
solution required for the volume of test water being prepared (example: if 20 mL of insoluble lead
stock is used, a container no larger than 2L shall be used).

2) Fill the container with prepared tank water (after temperature and chlorine are verified) to a
volume that is equal to 50 times (50x) the volume of insoluble lead stock solution required for the

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volume of test water being prepared (example: if 20 mL of insoluble lead stock is used, 1,000 mL of
prepared tank water is added).

3) Place the plastic container on a stir plate with a PTFE coated stir bar. Turn the stir plate speed
up until the solution is mixing rapidly and a strong vortex to the bottom of the container is formed.

4) Measure out the required volume of insoluble lead stock solution in a non-glass measuring
vessel and add the stock solution all at once to the mixing solution in the container.

5) Allow the solution to mix for 60 s and then immediately pour the solution into the entire tank
volume.

7.4.3.6 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle basis with a 15- to 40-min cycle, 16 h per
24-h period, followed by an 8-h rest under pressure (a 10%-on / 90%-off cycle may be used if requested
by the manufacturer).

7.4.3.7 Methods

7.4.3.7.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs and all faucet-mounted systems

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the test water
specified in 7.4.3.5. The systems shall be tested using the appropriate influent challenge water at the
maximum flow rate attainable by setting an initial dynamic pressure of 410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psi). The
pressure shall not be readjusted although the system may experience some change in dynamic pressure.
The operating cycle specified in 7.4.3.6 shall be used.

7.4.3.7.1.1 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control

Chemical reduction testing for refrigerator filters without an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control shall
be performed at a controlled flow rate that is equal to or greater than the rated service flow of the
refrigerator filter system and refrigerator plumbing.

7.4.3.7.1.2 Refrigerator filters without integral flow control, with water dispenser and ice maker

If the refrigerator filter does not include an integral automatic fixed flow-rate control, and supplies water to
both a water dispenser and an ice maker, then any chemical reduction testing shall be performed at a
controlled flow rate equal to or greater than the tested flow rate of the icemaker or the tested flow rate of
the water dispenser, whichever is greater.

7.4.3.7.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.4.3.7.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle specified in 7.4.3.6, the operating cycle shall be a repetitive complete
filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

7.4.3.7.3 Nonplumbed pour-through-type batch treatment systems

Two systems shall be tested using the appropriate challenge and influent water after establishment of the
manufacturer's recommended use pattern, with automatic cycling. If there is not a recommended use
pattern, the systems shall be operated on the basis of four times the bed volume per batch. The cycle
shall include a rest period of 15 to 60 s between batches, timed from the cessation of streamed flow.

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7.4.3.8 Sampling

During performance of the lead pH 8.5 test, in addition to total lead [Pbt] for each sample, total percent
particulate %[Pbtp] and percent fine particulate [Pbf] shall be determined at each influent sample point.The
pH of the influent shall be analyzed prior to each influent sample point and verified to meet the
requirements in 7.4.3.5.2.3. All reported test sample points shall meet the requirements in Table 13.

For systems with performance-indication devices, during the "on" portion of the cycle, influent and effluent
test samples shall be collected at the start of the test (after the passage of 10 unit volumes of influent
challenge) and at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the estimated capacity. For systems without
performance indication devices, the system shall be tested to 200% of the estimated capacity. Test
Samples shall be collected at startup (after the passage of 10 unit volumes) and at 50%, 100%, 150%,
180%, and 200% of the estimated capacity. Samples for each system shall be collected in the last half of
the “on” portion of the cycle. Batch systems shall have the sample collected from the entire batch volume.

7.4.4 Mercury reduction testing

7.4.4.1 Mercury reduction claim

Claims for mercury reduction may be made when tested in accordance with 7.4.4.1. To qualify for a
mercury reduction claim, the system shall reduce the influent concentration(s) so that all effluent
concentrations are less than or equal to the maximum effluent concentrations shown in Table 15.

Table 15 – Mercury reduction requirements

Influent challenge1 Maximum effluent USEPA

Substance Compound
mg/L concentration mg/L method(s)
0.006 ± 10% 1b
Hg(NO3)2 ·
mercury (added as inorganic 0.002 200.8
H2O
mercury)
1
Reason for influent challenge levels: challenge concentrations should be selected to simulate what a system
will be challenged with in the field and/or to provide an accurate and reproducible indicator of performance. The
following sequence of criteria is used to select challenge concentrations:
a
The upper percentile concentration of available occurrence data (the concentration for which there is high
probability [P < 0.05] that 95% of the population will be exposed to waters of lower concentration).
Occurrence data shall come from national monitoring programs administered by the USEPA or the USGS.
Other occurrence data shall be accepted by the Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units.
b
The concentration obtained by multiplying the USEPA’s published maximum contaminant level by three.
This concentration will not be adequate when USEPA MCL is very low.

7.4.4.2 Apparatus

Refer to 7.1.2, figure 2, for an example of the test apparatus.

7.4.4.3 Analytical methods

All analyses shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable methods referenced in 2.

7.4.4.4 Servicing of components

If clogging occurs, systems with separate mechanical filtration components shall have the mechanical
filtration components replaced or serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to maintain
the test flow rate.

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7.4.4.5 Mercury reduction test waters

A public water supply or RO/DI water (if premature clogging is of concern) shall be used and the following
specific characteristics shall be maintained throughout the test for mercury reduction claims:

low pH high pH
alkalinity (as CaCO3) 10 – 30 mg/L 100 – 250 mg/L
hardness (as CaCO3) 10 – 30 mg/L 100 – 200 mg/L
PH 6.5 ± 0.25 8.5 ± 0.25
polyphosphate (as P) < 0.5 mg/L < 0.5 mg/L
TDS < 100 mg/L 200 – 500 mg/L
temperature 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F) 20 ± 2.5 C (68 ± 5 F)
turbidity < 1 NTU < 1 NTU

7.4.4.5.1 Mercury reduction pH 8.5 test waters

Appropriate calcium, or magnesium salts, or both, shall be added to provide the desired TDS (refer to
table of standard Ksp values). The pH adjustment required shall not cause precipitation of the metals.

7.4.4.6 Cycle time

The systems shall be operated on a 50%-on / 50%-off cycle basis with a 15- to 40-min cycle, 16 h per
24-h period, followed by an 8-h rest under pressure (a 10%-on / 90%-off cycle may be used if requested
by the manufacturer).

7.4.4.7 Methods

7.4.4.7.1 Plumbed-in systems without reservoirs and all faucet-mounted systems

Two systems shall be conditioned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using the
appropriate general test water specified in 7.4.4.5. The systems shall be tested using the appropriate
influent challenge water at the maximum flow rate attainable by setting an initial dynamic pressure of
410 ± 20 kPa (60 ± 3 psi). The pressure shall not be readjusted although the system may experience
some change in dynamic pressure. The operating cycle specified in 7.4.4.6 shall be used.

7.4.4.7.2 Plumbed-in systems with reservoirs

The method specified in 7.4.4.7.1 shall be followed except that where the design of the system does not
lend itself to the operating cycle specified in 7.4.4.6, the operating cycle shall be a repetitive complete
filling and emptying of the reservoir. This cycle may be continued for 24 h/d.

7.4.4.7.3 Nonplumbed pour-through-type batch treatment systems

Two systems shall be tested using the appropriate challenge and influent water after establishment of the
manufacturer's recommended use pattern, with automatic cycling. If there is not a recommended use
pattern, the systems shall be operated on the basis of four times the bed volume per batch. The cycle
shall include a rest period of 15 to 60 s between batches, timed from the cessation of streamed flow.

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7.4.4.8 Sampling

For systems with performance-indication devices, during the "on" portion of the cycle, influent and effluent
samples shall be collected at the start of the test (after the passage of 10 unit volumes of influent
challenge) and at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the estimated capacity. For systems without
performance indication devices, the system shall be tested to 200% of the estimated capacity. Samples
shall be collected at startup (after the passage of 10 unit volumes) and at 50%, 100%, 150%, 180%, and
200% of the estimated capacity. Samples for each system shall be at least one unit volume.

8 Instruction and information

8.1 Installation, operation, and maintenance instructions

8.1.1 Information setting forth complete, detailed instructions for installation, operation, and
maintenance shall be provided with each system. Specific instructions shall include:

– complete name, address, and telephone number of manufacturer;

– model number and trade designation;

– flushing and conditioning procedures;

– rated service flow in L/min or L/day (gpm or gpd);

– maximum working pressure in kPa (psig);

– maximum operating temperature in degrees C (degrees F);

– detailed installation instructions including an explanation or schematic diagram of proper

connections to the plumbing system;

– operation and maintenance requirements (including user responsibility, parts, and service);

– sources of supply for replaceable components;

– statement noting the need for the system and installation to comply with state and local laws
and regulations;

– statement noting that the system is to be supplied only with cold water;

– statement noting that the system conforms to NSF/ANSI 53 for the specific performance
claims verified and substantiated by test data;

– for systems used in bottled water plants, a statement noting the redundant filtration element
sealing mechanism, such as 222 and 226 double o-ring seals; and

– statement for arsenic reduction systems:

“This system has been tested for the treatment of water containing pentavalent (also
known as As(V), As(+5), or arsenate) and trivalent arsenic (also known as As(III), As(+3),
or arsenite) at concentrations of [0.050 mg/L or 0.30 mg/L] or less. This system reduces
both forms of arsenic below EPA MCL. Please see the Arsenic Facts section of the
Performance Data Sheet for further information.”

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8.1.2 Where applicable and appropriate, the following information shall also be included:

– model number(s) of replacement components;

– rated capacity / rated service life in liters (gallons);

NOTE – Each unique model designation shall not claim a capacity or service life greater than the
least reduction capacity or service life that has been verified through testing to NSF/ANSI 53.

– minimum working pressure in kPa (psig);

– minimum operating temperature in degrees C (degrees F);

– electrical requirements;

– statement for activated carbon systems: “Do not use with water that is microbiologically
unsafe or of unknown quality without adequate disinfection before or after the system.” Additional
statement for activated carbon systems claiming cyst reduction: “Systems certified for cyst
reduction may be used on disinfected waters that may contain filterable cysts.”;

– explicit instructions explaining how the performance indicator functions;

– diagram showing proper air gap installation to waste connections;

– for systems claiming radon reduction, a statement that the system shall not be used on water
sources with a radon activity greater than 4000 pCi/L and the manufacturer’s recommended
replacement schedule for the carbon filter (to a maximum of one year);

– for systems claiming cyst reduction: The percentage of cyst reduction shall be included in the
claim if the claim is described as cyst removal; and

– for systems claiming radon reduction, a statement that the system treats radon from drinking
water only and does not reduce radon from indoor air.

8.1.3 Where appropriate and applicable, and where product packaging contains information for the
prospective purchaser, the following information shall be included on the product packaging in a location
visible to the purchaser:

– statement for pentavalent arsenic reduction systems: “This system has been tested for the
treatment of water containing pentavalent arsenic (also known as As(V), As(+5), or arsenate) at
concentrations of [0.050 mg/L or 0.30 mg/L] or less. This system reduces pentavalent arsenic, but
may not reduce other forms of arsenic. This system is to be used on water supplies containing a
detectable free chlorine residual or on water supplies that have been demonstrated to contain
only pentavalent arsenic. Treatment with chloramine (combined chlorine) is not sufficient to
ensure complete conversion of trivalent arsenic to pentavalent arsenic. Please see the Arsenic
Facts section of the Performance Data Sheet for further information.” and

– for systems claiming cyst reduction: The percentage of cyst reduction shall be included in the
claim if the claim is described on the packaging as cyst removal.

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8.2 Data plate

8.2.1 A permanent plate or label shall be affixed in a readily accessible location on each system, and
shall contain, at a minimum, the following information:

– model number;

– name and address of manufacturer;

– functional description of system (e. g., chemical reduction or mechanical reduction, or both);

– maximum operating temperature in degrees C (degrees F);

– maximum working pressure in kPa (psig); and

– statement noting that the system conforms to NSF/ANSI 53 for the specific performance
claims verified and substantiated by test data.

Components that have been evaluated only for design and construction, materials, or both, shall be
exempt from this requirement.

8.2.2 Commercial modular manifolds shall have a permanent plate or label affixed in a readily
accessible location on the system that shall contain, at a minimum, the following information:

– general system name;

– the statements “Not for residential use. Food service applications only. To be installed by an
authorized plumber or an authorized representative of the manufacturer only”;

– statement that this modular element is NOT for use in residental applications;

– name and address of manufacturer;

– maximum working pressure in kPa (psig); and

– maximum operating temperature in degrees C (degrees F).

8.2.3 Where applicable and appropriate, the following information shall also be included:

– model number(s) of replacement components;

– electrical requirements;

– statement for activated carbon systems: “Do not use with water that is microbiologically
unsafe or of unknown quality without adequate disinfection before or after the system.” Additional
statement for activated carbon systems claiming cyst reduction: “Systems certified for cyst
reduction may be used on disinfected waters that may contain filterable cysts”;

NOTE – Where the physical size of the system does not permit affixing the caution statement, the
statement shall be prominently displayed in the literature accompanying the system.

– statement for systems claiming VOC reduction: "Conforms to NSF/ANSI 53 for VOC
reduction. See performance data sheet for individual contaminants and reduction performance.”;

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NOTE – Manufacturers may reference individual chemicals from Table 16 on labels, manuals, or
promotional materials if such information conforms to the following:

– percent reductions, if specified, are either less than or equal to those specified in
Table 10, or additional testing is completed to justify the claim for a higher percent
reduction.

– reference to individual chemicals from Table 16 shall not imply that specific testing for
the chemical was conducted if only the surrogate test was completed.

– for systems claiming radon reduction, the manufacturer’s recommended replacement

schedule for the carbon filter (to a maximum of one year);

– statement for systems claiming pentavalent arsenic reduction: “Conforms to NSF/ANSI 53 for
pentavalent arsenic reduction. See performance data sheet and Arsenic Facts section for an
explanation of reduction performance.”;
– for systems claiming cyst reduction: The percentage of cyst reduction shall be included in the
claim if the claim is described as cyst removal; and

– statement for systems claiming arsenic reduction: “Conforms to NSF/ANSI 53 for arsenic
(pentavalent and trivalent) reduction. See performance data sheet and Arsenic Facts section for
an explanation of reduction performance.”

8.2.4 Modular elements shall have a permanent plate or label affixed in a readily accessible location on
the modular element that shall contain, at a minimum, the following information:

– Modular element model number;

– functional description of modular element (e. g., chemical reduction or mechanical reduction,
or both);

– statement that the modular element conforms to NSF/ANSI 42 or 53 for the specific
performance claims verified and substantiated by test data;

– statement that this modular element is NOT for use in residential applications; and

– the manufacturer-specific standard head or manifold to which the element can be inserted.

8.2.5 Where applicable and appropriate, the following information shall also be included:

– rated capacity/rated service life in liters (gallons). If applicable rated capacity/rated service life
in liters (gallons) is not included on the modular element data plate, a statement indicating that
rated capacity/rated service life in liters (gallons) may be found on the performance data sheet
shall be included;

NOTE – Each unique model number designation shall not claim a capacity or service life greater
than the least reduction capacity or service life that has been verified through testing to NSF/ANSI
42 or 53.

– operating or exchange steps; and

– statement for activated carbon systems: "Do not use with water that is microbiologically
unsafe or of unknown quality without adequate disinfection before or after the system."

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8.3 Replacement components

8.3.1 The packaging of components specifically for replacement purposes shall be labeled with the
following information:

– model number or name of component;

– model number of system(s) in which the component is to be used; and
– name and address of manufacturer.

8.3.2 Where applicable, the following information shall also be stated:

– rated capacity/rated service life in liters (gallons);

NOTE – Each unique model designation shall not claim a capacity or service life greater than the
least reduction capacity or service life that has been verified through testing to NSF/ANSI 53.

– operating or exchange steps;

– statement noting that the system(s) conform(s) to NSF/ANSI 53 for the specific performance
claims as verified and substantiated by test data;

– statement for systems claiming VOC reduction: "Conforms to NSF/ANSI 53 for VOC
reduction. See performance data sheet for individual contaminants and reduction performance.”;

NOTE – Manufacturers may reference individual chemicals from Table 16 on labels, manuals, or
promotional materials if such information conforms to the following:

– percent reductions if specified are either less than or equal those specified in
Table 10 or additional testing is completed to justify the claim for a higher percent
reduction.

– reference to individual chemicals from Table 16 shall not imply that specific testing for
the chemical was conducted if only the surrogate test was completed.

– statement for systems claiming pentavalent arsenic reduction: “Conforms to NSF/ANSI 53 for
pentavalent arsenic reduction. See performance data sheet and Arsenic Facts section for an
explanation of reduction performance”;

– statement for activated carbon systems: “Do not use with water that is microbiologically
unsafe or of unknown quality without adequate disinfection before or after the system.” Additional
statement for activated carbon systems claiming cyst reduction: “Systems certified for cyst
reduction may be used on disinfected waters that may contain filterable cysts”;

NOTE – Where the physical size of the component does not permit affixing the caution statement,
the statement shall be prominently displayed in the literature accompanying the system.

– for systems used in bottled water plants, a statement noting the redundant filtration element
sealing mechanism, such as 222 and 226 double o-ring seals;

– for systems claiming radon reduction, the manufacturer’s recommended replacement

schedule for the carbon filter (to a maximum of one year);

– for systems claiming cyst reduction: The percentage of cyst reduction shall be included in the
claim if the claim is described on the replacement element packaging as cyst removal; and

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– statement for systems claiming arsenic reduction: “Conforms to NSF/ANSI 53 for arsenic
(pentavalent and trivalent) reduction. See performance data sheet and Arsenic Facts section for
an explanation of reduction performance.”

8.4 Performance data sheet

8.4.1 A performance data sheet shall be available to potential buyers for each system and shall include
the following information:

– complete name, address, and telephone number of manufacturer;

– model number and trade designation;

– statement for claims: “This system has been tested according to NSF/ANSI 53 for reduction
of the substances listed below. The concentration of the indicated substances in water entering
the system was reduced to a concentration less than or equal to the permissible limit for water
leaving the system, as specified in NSF/ANSI 53.”

NOTE 1 – Minimum substance reductions per NSF/ANSI 53 shall be listed using the values in Tables
16, 17, and 18.

NOTE 2 – In addition to this statement, advertising materials may show the average percent reduction
determined during verification.

NOTE 3 – Average concentrations shall be the arithmetic mean of all reported influent challenge or
product water concentrations (the detection limit value shall be used for any nondetectable
concentrations). The specified percent reduction shall not be greater than the reduction calculated using
the arithmetic means of the influent challenge and the product water concentrations respectively.

Table 16 – Performance data sheet reduction claims

Maximum permissible
Influent challenge
Substance product water concentration
concentration mg/L
mg/L
alachlor 0.04 ± 10% 0.002
arsenic (pentavalent) 0.050 ± 10% 0.010
arsenic (pentavalent) 0.30 ± 10% 0.010
atrazine 0.009 ± 10% 0.003
barium 10 ± 10% 2
benzene 0.015 ± 10% 0.005
cadmium 0.03 ± 10% 0.005
carbofuran 0.08 ± 10% 0.04
carbon tetrachloride 0.015 ± 10% 0.005
chlordane 0.04 ± 10% 0.002
chlorobenzene 2.0 ± 10% 0.1
chromium (hexavalent) 0.3 ± 10% 0.1
chromium (trivalent) 0.3 ± 10% 0.1
chromium (hexavalent and 0.05 (hexavalent) and
0.3 ± 10%
trivalent) 0.05 (trivalent)
copper 3.0 ± 10% 1.3
2,4-D 0.210 ± 10% 0.07
dibromochloropropane 0.004 ± 10% 0.0002
o-dichlorobenzene 1.8 ± 10% 0.6
p-dichlorobenzene 0.225 ± 10% 0.075

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Table 16 – Performance data sheet reduction claims

Maximum permissible
Influent challenge
Substance product water concentration
concentration mg/L
mg/L
1,2-dichloroethane 0.015 ± 10% 0.005
1,1-dichloroethylene 0.021 ± 10% 0.007
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene 1.4 ± 10% 0.07
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene 2.0 ± 10% 0.1
1,2-dichloropropane 0.015 ± 10% 0.005
dinoseb 0.021 ± 10% 0.007
endrin 0.006 ± 10% 0.002
ethylbenzene 2.1 ± 10% 0.7
ethylene dibromide 0.001 ± 10% 0.00005
fluoride 8.0 ± 10% 1.5
heptachlor (H-34, heptox) 0.08 ± 10% 0.0004
heptachlor epoxide 0.004 ± 10% 0.0002
hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.15 ± 10% 0.05
lead 0.15 ± 10% 0.010
lindane 0.002 ± 10% 0.0002
mercury 0.006 ± 10% 0.002
methoxychlor 0.12 ± 10% 0.04
methyl tert-butyl ether 0.015 ± 20% 0.005
nitrate plus nitrite 30 ± 10% 10
nitrate 27 ± 10% 10
nitrite 3 ± 10% 1
pentachlorophenol 0.01 ± 10% 0.001
polychlorinated biphenyls
0.01 ± 10% 0.0005
(PCBs, aroclor 1260)
radon 4000  1000 pCi/L 300 pCi/L
selenium 0.10 ± 10% 0.05
simazine 0.012 ± 10% 0.004
styrene 2.0 ± 10% 0.1
2,4,5-TP(silvex) 0.15 ± 10% 0.05
tetrachloroethylene 0.015 ± 10% 0.005
toluene 3.0 ± 10% 1
toxaphene 0.015 ± 10% 0.003
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.21 ± 10% 0.07
1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.6 ± 10% 0.2
1,1,2-trichloroethane 0.015 ± 10% 0.005
trichloroethylene 0.300 ± 10% 0.005
TTHM (as chloroform) 0.45 ± 20% 0.080
xylenes 30 ± 10% 10.0
turbidity 11 ± 1 NTU 0.5 NTU
– concluded –

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Table 17 – Performance data sheet reduction claims for organic chemicals

included by surrogate testing

Influent Maximum permissible

Substance challenge concentration product water
mg/L concentration mg/L
alachlor 0.050 0.001
atrazine 0.100 0.003
benzene 0.081 0.001
carbofuran 0.190 0.001
carbon tetrachloride 0.078 0.0018
chlorobenzene 0.077 0.001
chloropicrin 0.015 0.0002
2,4-D 0.110 0.0017
dibromochloropropane (DBCP) 0.052 0.00002
o-dichlorobenzene 0.080 0.001
p-dichlorobenzene 0.040 0.001
1,2-dichloroethane 0.088 0.0048
1,1-dichloroethylene 0.083 0.001
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene 0.170 0.0005
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene 0.086 0.001
1,2-dichloropropane 0.080 0.001
cis-1,3-dichloropropylene 0.079 0.001
dinoseb 0.170 0.0002
endrin 0.053 0.00059
ethylbenzene 0.088 0.001
ethylene dibromide (EDB) 0.044 0.00002
haloacetonitriles (HAN):
bromochloroacetonitrile 0.0221 0.0005
dibromoacetonitrile 0.024 0.0006
dichloroacetonitrile 0.0096 0.0002
trichloroacetonitrile 0.015 0.0003
haloketones (HK):
1,1-dichloro-2-propanone 0.0072 0.0001
1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanone 0.0082 0.0003
heptachlor 0.025 0.00001
heptachlor epoxide 0.0107 0.0002
hexachlorobutadiene 0.044 0.001
hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.060 0.000002
lindane 0.055 0.00001
methoxychlor 0.050 0.0001
pentachlorophenol 0.096 0.001
simazine 0.120 0.004
styrene 0.150 0.0005
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.081 0.001
tetrachloroethylene 0.081 0.001
toluene 0.078 0.001
2,4,5-TP (silvex) 0.270 0.0016
tribromoacetic acid 0.042 0.001
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.160 0.0005
1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.084 0.0046

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Table 17 – Performance data sheet reduction claims for organic chemicals

included by surrogate testing

Influent Maximum permissible

Substance challenge concentration product water
mg/L concentration mg/L
1,1,2-trichloroethane 0.150 0.0005
trichloroethylene 0.180 0.0010
trihalomethanes (includes):
chloroform (surrogate chemical)
bromoform 0.300 0.015
bromodichloromethane
chlorodibromomethane
xylenes (total) 0.070 0.001
– concluded –

Table 18 – Performance data sheet performance claims for percent reduction

Substance Influent challenge concentration Reduction requirement

107 to 108 fibers/L; fibers greater than
asbestos 99%
10 µm in length
cyst minimum 50,000/L 99.95%

– statement for systems claiming pentavalent arsenic reduction: “Conforms to NSF/ANSI 53 for
pentavalent arsenic reduction. See performance data sheet and arsenic facts section for an
explanation of reduction performance.”;

– rated service flow rate in L/min or L/day (gpm or gpd);

– rated capacity/rated service life in liters (gallons);

NOTE – Each unique model designation shall not claim a capacity or service life greater than the
least reduction capacity or service life that has been verified through testing to NSF/ANSI 53.

– maximum working pressure in kPa (psig);

– maximum operating temperature in degrees C (degrees F);

– general installation conditions and needs;

– general operation and maintenance requirements including, but not limited to:

– suggested frequency of component change or service to the system;

– user responsibility; and
– parts and service availability.

– manufacturer's limited warranty; and

– statement that while testing was performed under standard laboratory conditions, actual
performance may vary.

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8.4.2 For commercial systems, in addition to the requirements set forth in 8.4.1, additional
considerations are as follows:

– a performance data sheet may be developed for each modular element of the system, and/or
for a group of modular elements; and

– the performance data sheet shall include all of the configurations, providing the following
information for each:

– tested performance claims;

– rated service flow in L/min or L/day (gpm or gpd);

– rated capacity/rated service life in L (gal) (if applicable);

– maximum working pressure in kPa (psig); and

– maximum operating temperature in degrees C (degrees F).

8.4.3 Where applicable and appropriate, the following information shall also be included:

– model number of replacement component;

– electrical requirements;

– pressure drop of new system in kPa (psig) at rated flow (POE and bottled water systems
only);

– minimum working pressure in kPa (psig);

– minimum operating temperature in degrees C (degrees F);

– statement for activated carbon systems: “Do not use with water that is microbiologically
unsafe or of unknown quality without adequate disinfection before or after the system.” Additional
statement for activated carbon systems claiming cyst reductions: “Systems certified for cyst
reduction may be used on disinfected waters that may contain filterable cysts.”;

– statement for pentavalent arsenic reduction systems: “This system has been tested for the
treatment of water containing pentavalent arsenic (also known as As(V), As(+5), or arsenate) at
concentrations of [0.050 mg/L or 0.30 mg/L] or less. This system reduces pentavalent arsenic, but
may not reduce other forms of arsenic. This system is to be used on water supplies containing a
detectable free chlorine residual or on water supplies that have been demonstrated to contain
only pentavalent arsenic. Treatment with chloramine (combined chlorine) is not sufficient to
ensure complete conversion of trivalent arsenic to pentavalent arsenic. Please see the Arsenic
Facts section of the Performance Data Sheet for further information.”

– statement for arsenic reduction systems: “This system has been tested for the treatment of
water containing pentavelent and trivalent arsenic at concentrations of [0.050 mg/L or 0.30 mg/L]
or less. This system reduces both pentavalent arsenic (also known as As(V), As(+5), or arsenate)
and trivalent arsenic (also known as As(III), As(+3), or arsenite)] trivalent arsenic below EPA
MCL. Please see the Arsenic Facts section of the Performance Data Sheet for further
information.”

– for pentavalent arsenic reduction systems, explanation of the pentavalent arsenic claim in a
separate section titled “Arsenic Facts,” in at least 10 point font, at a minimum describing the
following:

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– the occurrence and forms of arsenic in water and a general statement of the
difference in their health effects;

– explanation of methods or procedures for determining whether the consumer’s

source water contains pentavalent arsenic and whether the system is effectively
removing arsenic following installation;

– the specific arsenic removal claim for which the system has been evaluated, the
influent concentration for which the system was tested, and the treatment capacity;

– conditions under which the pentavalent arsenic removal performance of the system
may be limited (iron-containing water or other water quality conditions, etc.); and

– information identifying the arsenic removal component of the system, the frequency
of replacement of the removal component of the system, and sources of replacement
components.

NOTE – Examples of these performance data sheet requirements are available in

Annex C. Where the above information requirements are presented in other sections of
the product data sheet, they need not be repeated, but should be referenced.

– for systems claiming radon reduction, a statement that the system shall not be used on water
sources with a radon activity greater than 4000 pCi/L and the manufacturer’s recommended
replacement schedule for the carbon filter (to a maximum of one year);

– for systems claiming radon reduction, a statement that the system treats radon from drinking
water only, and does not reduce radon from indoor air;

– for systems claiming radon reduction, the maximum water volume treated per day during
testing;

– for systems claiming cyst reduction: The percentage of cyst reduction shall be included in the
claim if the claim is described as cyst removal; and

– explanation of how the performance indicator functions.

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Annex A
(normative)

Test method for detecting and enumerating Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

A.1 Summary of method

An appropriate volume of sample shall be passed through a membrane filter, directly stained with
fluorescent antibody, and examined under an epifluorescence microscope.

In recognition of advances that are occurring in analytical technology, certain options shall be permitted to
improve detection or lower the costs of measurements, provided that all quality control acceptance criteria
are met. If an analytical technique other than the techniques specified in this method is used, that
technique shall have a specificity equal to or better than the specificity of the techniques in this method for
Cryptosporidium parvum in the sample of interest. Specificity shall be defined as producing results that
are equivalent to the results produced by this method for Cryptosporidium parvum in drinking water, and
that meet all of the quality control (QC) acceptance criteria stated in this method.

A.2 Equipment
– mixer, vortexer;

– vacuum source;

– membrane, filter holder, 10 place filter manifold with collection box and stainless steel wells;

– incubator, 37 oC (99 F), or slide warmer;

– epifluorescence microscope with filters for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dye,

magnification 200x or 400x, and 1000x;

– pH meter;

– plastic sample bottles, 1 L;

– slides, glass microscope 1 in x 3 in cover slips, 25 mm2 (1 in2) No. 11/2;

– filters, cellulose acetate, 0.2 µm pore size, 25 mm (1 in) diameter;

– support filters, ethanol-compatible membrane, any pore size, 25 mm (1 in);

– fingernail polish, clear;

– splinter forceps;

– blunt-end filter forceps;

– latex gloves;

– 1-L PFA polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) separation funnel; and

– well slide, 12-mm diameter.

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A.3 Reagents
– formaldehyde solution, 37% w/w;

– ethanol, 95%;

– glycerol;

– phosphate buffered saline (PBS) — a stock solution shall be prepared by dissolving 80 g

sodium chloride (NaCl), 2 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), 29 g hydrated disodium
hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4·12H2O), and 2 g potassium chloride (KCl) in water to a final
volume of 1 L. A working solution shall be prepared from the stock solution by diluting 1 volume of
the stock with 9 volumes of water. The pH shall be adjusted using a pH meter to 7.4 with 0.1 N
HCl or 0.1 N NaOH before use;

– ethanol/glycerol series — a series of solutions shall be prepared in a 5% glycerol/reagent

water solution so that the final ethanol concentration is 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 90.2% (see
Table A.1);

– DABCO-glycerol mounting medium (2%) — 2 g 1,4 diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane shall be

added to 95 mL of prewarmed glycerol using a magnetic stirring bar on a heating stir plate. The
final volume shall be adjusted to 100 mL with additional glycerol. This solution shall be dated and
stored at room temperature and shall be discarded after six months;

– bovine serum albumin (1%) — 1.0 g bovine serum albumin (BSA) shall be sprinkled into 85
mL PBS working solution, pH 7.4. The crystals shall be allowed to fall before stirring into solution
with a magnetic stir bar. The volume shall be adjusted to 100 mL with PBS after the crystals have
dissolved. This solution shall be dated and stored at 4 C (39 F) and shall be discarded after 6
months;

– normal goat serum (NGS);

– a 5-carboxy-fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody for Cyrptosporidium oocysts;

– Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (live) — at least 50% viability shall be verified by the
supplier. The oocysts shall be stored with 1000 I. U. / mL penicillin and 1000 µg/mL streptomycin
at 4 C (39 F) and shall be used within eight weeks of collection; and

– polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate (0.01%).

A.4 Safety
A.4.1 The biohazard associated with, and the risk of infection from, oocysts is high in this method
because live organisms are handled. This method does not purport to address all the safety problems
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the laboratory to establish appropriate safety and health
practices prior to the use of this method. In particular, the analyst/technician must know and observe the
safety procedures required in a microbiology laboratory that handles pathogenic organisms while
preparing, using, and disposing of sample concentrates, reagents, and materials, and while operating
sterilization equipment.

A.4.2 The toxicity or carcinogenicity of each compound or reagent used in this method has not been
precisely determined. Each chemical compound should be treated as a potential health hazard. Exposure
to these compounds should be reduced to the lowest possible level. The laboratory is responsible for
maintaining a current awareness file of Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations

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regarding the safe handling of the chemicals specified in this method. A reference file of material safety
data sheets should be made available to all personnel involved in these analyses.

A.4.3 Samples may contain high concentrations of biohazards and toxic compounds and must be
handled with gloves and opened in a biological safety cabinet to prevent exposure. Reference materials
and standards containing oocysts must be handled with gloves, and the analyst/technician must never
place gloves in or near the face after exposure to solutions known or suspected to contain oocysts. DO
NOT MOUTH PIPETTE.

A.4.4 Laboratory personnel must change gloves after handling filters and other equipment and reagents
that may be contaminated. Gloves must be removed or changed before touching any other laboratory
surfaces or equipment.

A.5 Enumeration of stock oocyst suspension

A.5.1 Procedure using well slides

1) The stock oocyst suspension shall be vortexed, and 10 µL of an appropriate dilution

(80-120 oocysts) shall be applied to 10 wells.

2) 10 µL of a positive antigen (approximately enough for 200 oocysts) shall be applied to the
positive well.

3) 75 µL of the working solution of PBS shall be applied to the negative well.

4) The wells shall be dried at 42 C (108 F) for 1 to 2 h.

5) After drying, 50 µL of anhydrous methanol shall be applied to each well and allowed to
evaporate for 3 to 5 min.

6) A 5-carboxy-fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody for Cyrptosporidium oocysts stain shall

be prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

7) 50 µL of a 5-carboxy-fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody for Cyrptosporidium oocysts

stain shall be applied to the 12 wells and shall be incubated in a humid chamber for 45 to 60 min.

8) The wells shall be washed with the working solution of PBS three times.

9) The wells shall be mounted with 10 µL of DABCO-glycerol mounting medium.

10) The slides shall be stored at 4 C (39 F) in the dark until enumerated.

11) The slides shall be enumerated, and the concentration of the stock suspension shall be
determined using the mean of the counts from the 10 wells.

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A.6 Procedure
A.6.1 Sample collection

Influent samples shall be collected in 1-L bottles containing 1 mL 1.0% polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-
oleate (0.01%) and 20 mL 37% formaldehyde solution as a disinfectant and shall be refrigerated until
analyzed. Influent samples shall be collected in triplicate.

3 L of the effluent shall be collected. The first liter of effluent shall be used as the test sample. The test
samples shall be collected in 1-L bottles containing 1 mL 1.0% polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate
(0.01%) and 20 mL 37% formaldehyde solution as a disinfectant and shall be refrigerated until analyzed.
The second and third liters of effluent shall be used for quality control samples. The second and third
liters of effluent shall be composited and poured into two 1-L bottles each containing 1 mL 1.0%
polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate (0.01%) and 20 mL 37% formaldehyde solution as a disinfectant
and shall be refrigerated until analyzed.

Samples shall be stained and mounted within 24 h of collection.

A.6.2 Filtration manifold preparation

The filtration manifold assembly shall be prepared by referencing the manufacturer’s diagrams and
instructions. The filtration manifold shall be connected to the vacuum supply using a vacuum tube
containing a T-shaped tubing connector. A screw clamp shall be attached to 4 to 6 cm of latex tubing, and
the latex tubing shall be attached to the stem of the “T” connector. The screw clamp shall be used as a
bleeder valve to regulate the vacuum to 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in) of mercury.

The manifold valves shall be closed and the vacuum fully opened. The applied vacuum shall be adjusted
to 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in) of mercury using the bleeder valve on the vacuum tubing. The bleeder valve
shall not be readjusted during filtration. If necessary, the vacuum shall be turned on and off during
filtration at the vacuum source.

A.6.3 Membrane filter preparation

One 25-mm (1-in) compatible membrane filter and support filter shall be used for each sample. The
required number of each type of filter shall be presoaked for a minimum of 1 min in the working solution of
PBS in a separate petri dish for each filter type before use. The filters shall be dropped one by one flat
onto the surface of the buffer using blunt-end filter forceps. Once wetted, the filters shall be pushed under
the fluid surface with the forceps and shall be allowed to soak for a minimum of 1 min before use.

The filtration manifold vacuum source shall be turned on. While all the manifold well support valves are
closed, one support filter shall be placed on each manifold support screen. One 25-mm (1-in) membrane
filter shall be placed on top of each support filter, adjusting with a rubber policeman if necessary. The
manifold well support valves shall be opened to flatten the filter membranes. It shall be verified that no
bubbles are trapped and that no creases or wrinkles are present on any of the filter membranes. One filter
position shall be used for each sample volume to be assayed, including a minimum of one positive control
and one negative control each time the manifold is used. The filter wells shall be positioned firmly over
each filter.

The manifold and wells shall be cleaned between each set of samples following the procedure in EPA-
ICR method 814-B-95-0036, Annex A.

A.6.4 Sample size

A.6.4.1 The size of the sample shall be governed by expected oocyst density. An ideal sample volume
shall yield 10 to 200 oocysts on a membrane filter surface. The samples shall be analyzed by filtering the

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appropriate volume, depending on the expected oocyst density. Table A.2 contains suggested sample
volumes.

A.6.4.2 When less than 10 mL of sample is filtered, 10 mL of DI water shall be added to the funnel before
filtration to aid in dispersion of the oocysts over the entire filtering surface. If a pipette is used for
transferring, it shall be rinsed five times with 0.01% polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate (0.01%)
solution to ensure transfer of all oocysts.

A.6.4.3 When 1 L or more of sample is filtered, 1 L of sample shall be poured into a separation funnel and
gradually added to the filtration manifold. When larger volumes are filtered, the sample bottle shall be
weighed before and after filtration to determine the volume filtered. The sample bottle and separation
funnel shall be rinsed five times with 0.01% polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate (0.01%) solution to
ensure transfer of all oocysts.

A.6.5 Sample application

1) The sample shall be well mixed and added to the manifold well.

2) Test rig blank samples shall be collected prior to the introduction of oocysts. These samples
shall be analyzed if oocyst(s) are detected in the eighth cycle effluent test samples.

3) An effluent matrix spike sample containing 50 to 100 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts shall
also be analyzed for each test run following the procedure specified in A.6.4.

4) A positive antigen control containing 50 to 200 oocysts shall be analyzed with each set of
samples.

5) 1.0 mL PBS working solution shall be added to a well for a negative control (blank).

6) Each manifold well shall be rinsed with 2-mL blocking agents (PBS containing 1% BSA and 5
to 10% normal goat serum). The manifold valve shall then be closed under each membrane filter.

A.6.6 Direct fluorescent antibody staining

1) The antibody shall be diluted according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 0.5 mL of diluted,
prepared antibody shall be pipetted onto each membrane filter and allowed to remain in contact
with the filter for 60 to 90 min. At the end of the contact period, the manifold valve shall be
opened and the contents drained.

2) Each well and filter shall be rinsed five times with 2 mL PBS working solution.

3) The membrane filters in each well shall be dehydrated by sequentially applying 1.0 mL of
10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 90.2% ethanol solutions containing 5% glycerol. The solution shall be
allowed to drain thoroughly with the manifold valve open before applying the next in the series.

A.6.7 Filter mounting

1) Glass slides shall be labeled for each filter and placed on a slide warmer in an incubator
calibrated to 37 C (99 F).

2) 75 µL of 2% glycerol mounting medium shall be added to each slide on the slide warmer or in
the incubator to allow to warm for 20 to 30 min.

3) The top cellulose acetate filter shall be layered over the correspondingly labeled glycerol-
mounting medium slide (sample application side up) using fine-tip forceps. If the entire filter is not

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wetted by the glycerol mounting medium, the membrane filter shall be lifted using the same
forceps and a little more mounting medium shall be applied to the slide under the filter.

NOTE – A clean pair of forceps shall be used to handle each membrane filter. Used forceps shall
be soaked in a beaker of diluted detergent cleaning solution.

4) 20 µL glycerol mounting medium shall be applied to the top center of each membrane filter
and the slide shall be covered with a 25 mm x 25 mm cover glass.

5) The edge of each cover glass shall be sealed to the slide with clear fingernail polish.

6) The slides shall be stored in a covered container (dry box) with desiccant. A dry box consists
of a covered plastic container to which anhydrous calcium sulfate is added and covered with
paper towels.

7) The slides shall be stored at 4 C (39 F).

8) The slides shall be examined microscopically within 5 d of preparation.

A.6.8 Computing and reporting counts

1) The EPA-ICR method 814-B-95-003,6 Chapter 6, shall be consulted to determine the oocyst
counts on membrane filters. The filter shall be scanned at 20x magnification from left to right, top
to bottom, with the aid of stage scale values to eliminate any confusion between rows. If
necessary, the magnification shall be increased to 40x to verify the character of the oocysts.

2) The entire filter shall be scanned. The count shall be multiplied by the appropriate factor to
determine the total count per liter of sample. The following calculation shall be used to determine
oocyst concentration:

count total sample volume (L )

number of oocysts / L  x
volume filtered (L ) total sample volume (L )  0.021

3) The 99.95% reduction endpoint shall be calculated by multiplying the individual influent
sample point concentration (oocysts/L) by 0.0005.

4) If the enumeration of the effluent sample is less than the 99.95% reduction endpoint but
greater than the 99.95% reduction endpoint MDL as determined in A.7.3, evaluation of the quality
control effluent sample shall be performed. The following is an example of the calculation, where:

– influent concentration is 50,000 oocysts/L; and

– MDL is 12 oocysts/L.

To calculate the 99.95% reduction endpoint (step 3):

50,000 x 0.0005 = 25 oocysts/L.

To calculate whether the samples must be duplicated (step 4):

25 – 12 = 13.

Therefore, for any effluent sample in the range of 13 to 24 oocysts/L, the sample shall be analyzed in
duplicate.

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A.7 Quality control

A.7.1 Minimum requirements

Each laboratory that uses this method is required to operate a formal quality assurance (QA) program.
The minimum requirements of this program shall consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory
capability, analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality, and analysis of blanks as
tests of continued performance. Laboratory performance shall be compared to established performance
criteria to determine if the results of analyses meet the performance characteristics of the method (see
Table A.3).

A.7.1.1 A test of the microscope used for detection of oocysts shall be performed prior to examination of
slides. This test is referenced in EPA-ICR method 814-B-95-003.6

A.7.1.2 In recognition of advances that are occurring in analytical technology, certain options shall be
permitted to improve detection or lower the costs of measurements, provided that all quality control
acceptance criteria are met. If an analytical technique other than the techniques specified in this method
is used, that technique shall have a specificity equal to or better than the specificity of the techniques in
this method for Cryptosporidium parvum in the sample of interest. Specificity shall be defined as
producing results that are equivalent to the results produced by this method for Cryptosporidium parvum
in drinking water and that meet all of the quality control (QC) acceptance criteria stated in this method.

A.7.1.2.1 Each time a modification is made to this method, the analyst shall repeat the initial
demonstration of laboratory capability test in A.7.3.1 to demonstrate that the modification produces
results equivalent or superior to results produced by this method.

A.7.1.2.2 The laboratory shall maintain records of modifications made to this method.

A.7.1.3 The laboratory shall, on an ongoing basis, demonstrate through analysis of the effluent matrix
spike sample (see A.7.6) that the analysis system is in control.

A.7.1.4 The laboratory shall maintain records to define the quality of data that is generated.

A.7.2 Micropipette calibration

A.7.2.1 Micropipettes shall be sent to the manufacturer for calibration annually. Alternatively, a qualified
independent technician specializing in micropipette calibration shall be used. Documentation on the
precision of the recalibrated micropipette shall be obtained from the manufacturer or technician.

A.7.2.2 Internal and external calibration records shall be kept on file in the laboratory’s QA logbook.

A.7.2.3 If a micropipette calibration problem is suspected, the laboratory shall tare an empty weighing
boat on the analytical balance and pipette the following volumes of reagent water into the weigh boat
using the pipette in question: 100% of the maximum dispensing capacity of the micropipette, 50% of the
capacity, and 10% of the capacity. If the weight of the water records within 1% of the desired weight (mL),
the pipette shall be acceptable for use.

A.7.2.4 If the weight of the reagent water is outside the acceptable limits, the manufacturer’s instruction
manual troubleshooting section shall be consulted and the steps described in A.7.2.3 shall be repeated. If
problems with the pipette persist, the laboratory shall send the pipette to the manufacturer for
recalibration.

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A.7.3 Initial demonstration of laboratory capability

A.7.3.1 Method detection limit (MDL)

To establish the ability to detect Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, the laboratory shall determine the MDL
in reagent water per the procedure in 40 CFR 136,6 appendix B, using the apparatus, reagent, and
standard that will be used in the practice of this method.

A.7.3.2 Initial precision and recovery

To establish the ability to demonstrate control over the analysis system and to generate acceptable
precision and accuracy, the laboratory shall perform the following operations:

1) Using results of the MDL analyses, compute the average percent recovery (X) for
Cryptosporidium parvum.

2) Compare the MDL and X with the corresponding limits for precision and recovery in
Table A.3. If the MDL and X meet the acceptance criteria, system performance is acceptable and
the analysis of blanks and samples may begin. However, if any individual X falls outside the
range for recovery, or if the MDL exceeds the precision limit, system performance is
unacceptable for Cryptosporidium parvum. In this event, the problem shall be corrected and the
test shall be repeated (see A.7.3.1).

A.7.4 Matrix spike

The laboratory shall spike and analyze a separate sample aliquot to determine the effect of the matrix on
the method’s recovery efficiency. A duplicate effluent sample shall be spiked with the appropriate volume
of the enumeration oocyst stock solution as specified in A.5 to obtain 50 to 100 oocysts/L. The matrix
spike shall be analyzed as described in A.6.

A.7.4.1 Compute the percent recovery (R) of the oocysts using the following equation:

R = 100 x (Nsp – Ns)/T

where:

R is the percent recovery;

Nsp is the number of oocysts detected in the spiked sample (oocysts/L);
Ns is the number of oocysts detected in the unspiked sample (oocysts/L); and
T is the spike concentration of the oocysts (oocysts/L).

A.7.4.2 The oocyst recovery shall be compared with the corresponding limits in Table A.3 until 20
recovery analyses are available, at which time the laboratory shall establish its own control limits. If the
recovery for Cryptosporidium parvum falls outside its limit, method performance for that sample is
unacceptable. Corrective action shall be taken and duplicate effluent samples shall be analyzed.

When 20 internal performance recovery data are available, control limits shall be developed from the
mean percent recovery (x) and standard deviation (s) of the percent recovery. These data shall be used
to generate upper and lower control limits:

– upper control limit = x + 3s;

– lower control limit = x – 3s.

These control limits shall not exceed those in Table A.3. After every ten data points, new control limits
shall be generated using the most recent twenty data points. If the recovery falls outside the control limits,

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

method performance for that sample is unacceptable. Corrective action shall be taken, and duplicate
effluent samples and an additional matrix spike shall be analyzed.

A.7.5 Blank (negative control sample)

If any Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts or any potentially interfering organism or material is found in the
blank, analysis of additional samples shall be halted until the source of contamination is eliminated and a
blank shows no evidence of contamination. Any sample in a batch associated with a contaminated blank
that shows the presence of one or more oocysts shall be assumed to be contaminated and shall be
collected again. Any sample in which oocysts are not detected shall be assumed to be uncontaminated.

A.7.6 Ongoing precision and recovery

The recovery shall be compared with the limits for recovery in Table A.3 until laboratory control limits are
established as specified in A.7.4.2. If the recovery meets the acceptance criteria, system performance
shall be considered acceptable. If, however, the recovery falls outside the range given, system
performance shall be considered unacceptable. In this event, a problem with the microscope or with the
filtration systems shall be investigated. Corrective action shall be taken, and duplicate effluent samples
and an additional matrix spike shall be analyzed.

A minimum of one matrix spike sample shall be analyzed and shall meet the recovery criteria in Table A.3
for each performance test.

A.7.7 Positive antigen control

The positive control slide shall be scanned using epifluorescence at no less than 200x total magnification
for apple-green fluorescence of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst shapes. The background fluorescence of
the membrane shall be very dim or nonexistent. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts may or may not show
evidence of oocyst wall folding, which is characterized under epifluorescence by greater concentrations of
FITC along surface fold lines. If no apple-green fluorescing Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst shapes are
observed, then the fluorescent staining did not work or the positive control oocyst preparation was faulty.
Corrective action shall be taken, and duplicate effluent samples and an additional matrix spike shall be
analyzed.

A.8 Analyst verification

A.8.1 At least once in each month in which microscopic examinations are to be performed, the principal
analyst/supervisor shall prepare a slide containing 40 to 100 oocysts. The total number of oocysts
determined by each analyst shall be within 10% of the number determined by the principal
analyst/supervisor. If the number is not within this range, the principal analyst/supervisor and the analyst
shall resolve how to identify and enumerate oocysts, and the principal analyst/supervisor shall prepare a
new slide and the test shall be repeated.

A.8.2 The laboratory shall document the date, name of principal analyst/supervisor, name(s) of
analyst(s), number of total oocysts placed on the slide, number determined by the principal
analyst/supervisor, number determined by the analyst(s), whether the test was passed/failed for each
analyst, and the number of attempts prior to passage.

A.8.3 Only after an analyst has passed the criteria in A.8.1 shall oocysts in blanks, standards, and
samples be identified and enumerated.

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Table A1 – Ethanol/glycerol series

95% Ethanol Glycerol Reagent water Final volume Final % ethanol

10 mL 5 mL 80 mL 95 mL 10
20 mL 5 mL 70 mL 95 mL 20
40 mL 5 mL 50 mL 95 mL 40
80 mL 5 mL 10 mL 95 mL 80
95 mL 5 mL 0 mL 100 mL 90.2

Table A2 – Suggested sample volumes for 25 mm membrane filters

Volume (x) to be filtered (mL)

Expected sample density
0.1 1 10 100 1000
influent (105 – 106/L) x x
influent (103 – 104/L) x x
effluent (102 – 103/L) x x
effluent (< 100/L) x

Table A3 – Quality control acceptance criteria for performance tests

for Cryptosporidium parvum

Performance test Acceptance criteria

precision (as MDL) ≤ 20 oocysts/L
recovery (percent) 50 – 100

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Annex B
(normative)

Test method for detecting and enumerating polystyrene microspheres

B.1 Summary of method

A 1-L sample shall be collected and an appropriate volume shall be passed through a membrane. The
fluorescent microspheres deposited on the membrane shall be counted by scanning the membrane under
an epifluorescence microscope.

In recognition of advances that are occurring in analytical technology, certain options shall be permitted to
improve detection or lower the costs of measurements, provided that all quality control acceptance criteria
are met. If an analytical technique other than the techniques specified in this method is used, that
technique shall have a specificity equal to or better than the specificity of the techniques in this method for
microspheres in the sample of interest. Specificity shall be defined as producing results that are
equivalent to the results produced by this method for microspheres in drinking water and that meet all of
the quality control (QC) acceptance criteria stated in this method.

B.2 Equipment
– fluorescent microspheres with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dye or equivalent (3 µm
diameter);

– epifluorescence microscope with filters for FITC dye, 200x and 400x magnification;

– 0.45 µm 25 mm membrane filter;

– forceps;

– vacuum filtration apparatus;

– 1,000 mL glass separation funnel;

– autopipettes to dispense 0.10, 1.0, and 10.0 mL accurately;

– 75 mm x 50 mm glass slides;

– 1-L plastic sample bottles with caps;

– nail polish;

– hemocytometer chamber; and

– 10-place filter with manifold collection box and stainless steel wells.

B.3 Reagents
– polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate.

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B.4 Enumeration of stock microspheres

B.4.1 Procedure using well slides

1) The stock microsphere suspension shall be vortexed, and 10 µL of an appropriate dilution

(80 to 120 microspheres) shall be applied to all wells.

2) The wells shall be dried at 42 C (108 F) for 1 to 2 h.

3) The wells shall be mounted with 10 µL of DABCO-glycerol mounting medium.

4) The slides shall be enumerated and the concentration of the stock suspension shall be
determined using the mean counts from the slides.

B.5 Procedure
B.5.1 Sample collection

Influent samples shall be collected in 1-L bottles containing 1 mL 1.0% polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-
oleate solution as a dispersant. The sample shall be refrigerated before filtering to prevent any bacterial
growth. Influent samples shall be collected in triplicate.

3 L of the effluent shall be collected. The first liter of effluent shall be used as the test sample. The test
samples shall be collected in 1-L bottles containing 1 mL 1.0% polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate
solution as a dispersant. The sample shall be refrigerated before filtering to prevent any bacterial growth.
The second and third liters of effluent shall be used for quality control samples. The second and third
liters of effluent shall be composited and poured into two 1-L bottles each containing 1 mL 1.0%
polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate and shall be refrigerated until analyzed.

The samples shall be prepared within 5 d of collection.

B.5.2 Filtration manifold preparation

The filtration manifold assembly shall be prepared by referring to the manufacturer’s diagrams and
instructions. The filtration manifold shall be connected to the vacuum supply using a vacuum tube
containing a T-shaped tubing connector. A screw clamp shall be attached to 4 to 6 cm of latex tubing, and
the latex tubing shall be attached to the stem of the “T” connector. The screw clamp shall be used as a
bleeder valve to regulate the vacuum to 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in) of Hg.

The manifold valves shall be closed and the vacuum fully opened. The applied vacuum shall be adjusted
to 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in) of Hg using the bleeder valve on the vacuum tubing. The bleeder valve shall
not be readjusted during filtration. If necessary, the vacuum shall be turned on and off during filtration at
the vacuum source.

The manifold and wells shall be cleaned with hot water and detergent between each set of samples.

B.5.3 Membrane filter preparation

The filtration manifold vacuum source shall be turned on. While all the manifold well support valves are
closed, one filter shall be placed on each manifold support screen. One filter position shall be used for
each sample volume to be assayed, including a minimum of one positive control and one negative control
each time the manifold is used. The filter wells shall be positioned firmly over each filter.

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B.5.4 Sample size

B.5.4.1 The size of the sample shall be governed by expected microsphere density. An ideal sample
volume shall yield 10 to 200 microspheres and not more than 500 microspheres on a membrane filter
surface. The samples shall be analyzed by filtering the appropriate volume depending on the expected
microsphere density. Table B.1 of this Annex contains suggested sample volumes.

B.5.4.2 When less than 10 mL of sample is filtered, 10 mL of DI water shall be added to the funnel before
filtration to aid in dispersion of the microspheres over the entire filtering surface. If a pipette is used for
transferring, it shall be rinsed 5 times with 0.01% polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate solution to
ensure transfer of all microspheres.

B.5.4.3 When 1 L or more of sample is filtered, 1 L of sample shall be poured into a separation funnel and
gradually added to the filtration manifold. When filtering larger volumes, the sample bottle shall be
weighed before and after filtration to determine the volume filtered. The sample bottle and separation
funnel shall be rinsed five times with 0.01% polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate solution to ensure
transfer of all microspheres.

B.5.5 Sample application

1) The sample shall be well mixed and added to the manifold well.

2) Test rig blank samples shall be collected prior to the introduction of microspheres. These
samples shall be analyzed if microspheres are detected in the eighth cycle effluent test samples.

3) A effluent matrix spike sample containing 50 to 100 microspheres shall also be analyzed for
each test run following the procedure specified in B.6.4.

4) 1.0 mL PBS working solution shall be added to a well for a negative control (blank).

B.5.6 Filter mounting

1) The membrane filter shall be removed with a clean forceps and be applied to a 75 mm x 50
mm glass slide.

2) The membrane shall be affixed to the slide using clear nail polish. The sample number and
the volume filtered shall be affixed to the slide.

3) The membrane shall air dry in a covered container.

4) The slides shall be examined microscopically within 5 d of preparation using an

epifluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate filters for FTIC dye.

B.5.7 Computing and reporting counts

1) The EPA-ICR method 814-B-95-003,6 Chapter 6, shall be consulted to determine the

microspheres counts on membrane filters. The filter shall be scanned at 20x magnification from
left to right, top to bottom, with the aid of stage scale values to eliminate any confusion between
rows. If necessary, the magnification shall be increased to 40x to verify the character of the
microspheres.

2) The entire filter shall be scanned. The count shall be multiplied by the appropriate factor to
determine the total count per liter of sample. The following calculation shall be used to determine
microsphere concentration:

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

count total sample volume (L)

number of microspher es \ L X
volume filtered (L) total sample volume (L) - 0.001

3) The 99.95% reduction endpoint shall be calculated by multiplying the individual influent
sample point concentration (microspheres/L) by 0.0005.

4) If the enumeration of the effluent sample is less than the 99.95% reduction endpoint but
greater than (99.95% reduction – MDL), as determined in B.6.3.1, evaluation of the duplicate
effluent sample shall be performed.

For example, where:

– influent concentration is 50,000 microspheres/L; and

– MDL is 12 microspheres/L.

To calculate the 99.95% reduction endpoint (step 3):

(50,000) x (0.0005) = 25 microspheres/L.

To calculate the whether the samples must be duplicated (step 4):

25 – 12 = 13.

Therefore for any effluent sample in the range of 13 to 24 microspheres/L, the sample shall be analyzed
in duplicate.

B.6 Quality control

B.6.1 Minimum requirements

Each laboratory that uses this method is required to operate a formal quality assurance (QA) program.
The minimum requirements of this program shall consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory
capability, analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality, and analysis of blanks as
tests of continued performance. Laboratory performance shall be compared to established performance
criteria to determine whether the results of analyses meet the performance characteristics of the method
(see Table B.2).

B.6.1.1 A test of the microscope used for detection of microspheres shall be performed prior to
examination of slides. This test is referenced in EPA-ICR method 814-B-95-003.6

B.6.1.2 In recognition of advances that are occurring in analytical technology, certain options shall be
permitted to improve detection or lower the costs of measurements provided that all quality control
acceptance criteria are met. If an analytical technique other than the techniques specified in this method
is used, that technique shall have a specificity equal to or better than the specificity of the techniques in
this method for microspheres in the sample of interest. Specificity shall be defined as producing results
equivalent to the results produced by this method for microspheres in drinking water and that meet all of
the quality control (QC) acceptance criteria stated in this method.

B.6.1.2.1 Each time a modification is made to this method, the analyst shall repeat the initial
demonstration of laboratory capability test in B.6.3 to demonstrate that the modification produces results
equivalent to or superior to results produced by this method.

B.6.1.2.2 The laboratory shall maintain records of modifications made to this method.

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B.6.1.3 The laboratory shall, on an ongoing basis, demonstrate through analysis of the effluent matrix
spike sample that the analysis system is in control.

B.6.1.4 The laboratory shall maintain records to define the quality of data that is generated.

B.6.2 Micropipette calibration

B.6.2.1 Micropipettes shall be sent to the manufacturer for calibration annually. Alternatively, a qualified
independent technician specializing in micropipette calibration shall be used. Documentation on the
precision of the recalibrated micropipette shall be obtained from the manufacturer or technician.

B.6.2.2 Internal and external calibration records shall be kept on file in the laboratory’s QA logbook.

B.6.2.3 If a micropipette calibration problem is suspected, the laboratory shall tare an empty weighing
boat on the analytical balance and pipette the following volumes of reagent water into the weigh boat
using the pipette in question: 100% of the maximum dispensing capacity of the micropipette, 50% of the
capacity, and 10% of the capacity. If the weight of the water records within 1% of the desired weight (mL),
the pipette shall be acceptable for use.

B.6.2.4 If the weight of the reagent water is outside the acceptable limits, the manufacturer’s instruction
manual troubleshooting section shall be consulted, and the steps described in B.6.2.3 shall be repeated.
If problems with the pipette persist, the laboratory shall send the pipette to the manufacturer for
recalibration.

B.6.3 Initial demonstration of laboratory capability

B.6.3.1 Method detection limit (MDL)

To establish the ability to detect microspheres, the laboratory shall determine the MDL in reagent water
per the procedure in 40 CFR 136,6 appendix B, using the apparatus, reagent, and standard that will be
used in the practice of this method.

B.6.3.2 Initial precision and recovery

To establish the ability to demonstrate control over the analysis system and to generate acceptable
precision and accuracy, the laboratory shall perform the following operations:

1) Using results of the MDL analyses, compute the average percent recovery (X) for
microspheres.

2) Compare the MDL and X with the corresponding limits for precision and recovery in
Table B.2. If the MDL and X meet the acceptance criteria, system performance is acceptable and
the analysis of blanks and samples may begin. However, if any individual X falls outside the
range for recovery, or if the MDL exceeds the precision limit, system performance is
unacceptable for microspheres. In this event, correct the problem and repeat the test (see
B.6.3.1).

B.6.4 Matrix spike

The laboratory shall spike and analyze a separate sample aliquot to determine the effect of the matrix on
the method’s recovery efficiency. A duplicate effluent sample shall be spiked with the appropriate volume
of the enumeration microsphere stock solution as specified in B.4 to obtain 50 to 100 microspheres/L.
The matrix spike shall be analyzed as described in B.5

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B.6.4.1 Compute the percent recovery (R) of the microspheres using the following equation:

R = 100 x (Nsp – Ns)/T

where:

R is the percent recovery;

Nsp is the number of microspheres detected in the spiked sample (microspheres/L);
Ns is the number of microspheres detected in the unspiked sample (microspheres/L); and
T is the spike concentration of the microspheres (microspheres/L).

B.6.4.2 The microsphere recovery shall be compared with the corresponding limits in Table B.2 until
twenty recovery analyses are available, at which time the laboratory shall establish its own control limits.
If the recovery for microspheres falls outside its limit, method performance for that sample is
unacceptable. Corrective action shall be taken, and duplicate effluent samples shall be analyzed.

When 20 internal performance recovery data are available, control limits shall be developed from the
mean percent recovery (x) and standard deviation (s) of the percent recovery. These data shall be used
to generate upper and lower control limits:

– upper control limit = x + 3s; and

– lower control limit = x – 3s.

These control limits shall not exceed those in Table B.2. After every ten data points, new control limits
shall be generated using the most recent twenty data points. If the recovery fall outside the control limits,
method performance for that sample is unacceptable. Corrective action shall be taken, and duplicate
effluent samples and an additional matrix spike sample shall be analyzed.

B.6.5 Blank (negative control sample)

If any microspheres are found in the blank, analysis of additional samples shall be halted until the source
of contamination is eliminated and a blank shows no evidence of contamination. Any sample in a batch
associated with a contaminated blank that shows the presence of one or more microspheres shall be
assumed to be contaminated and shall be recollected. Any sample in which microspheres are not
detected shall be assumed to be uncontaminated.

B.6.6 Ongoing precision and recovery

The recovery shall be compared with the limits for recovery in Table B.2 until laboratory control limits are
established as specified in B.6.4.2. If the recovery meets the acceptance criteria, system performance
shall be considered acceptable. If, however, the recovery falls outside the range given, system
performance shall be considered unacceptable. In this event, a problem with the microscope or with the
filtration systems shall be investigated. Corrective action shall be taken, and duplicate effluent samples
and an additional matrix spike sample shall be analyzed.

A minimum of one matrix spike sample shall be analyzed and shall meet the recovery criteria in Table B.2
for each performance test.

B.7 Analyst verification

B.7.1 At least once in each month during which microscopic examinations are to be performed, the
principal analyst/supervisor shall prepare a slide containing 40 to 100 microspheres. The total number of
microspheres determined by each analyst shall be within 10% of the number determined by the principal
analyst/supervisor. If the number is not within this range, the principal analyst/supervisor and the analyst

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

shall resolve how to identify and enumerate microspheres, and the principal analyst/supervisor shall
prepare a new slide and the test shall be repeated.

B.7.2 The laboratory shall document the date, name of principal analyst/supervisor, name(s) of
analyst(s), number of total microspheres placed on the slide, number determined by the principal
analyst/supervisor, number determined by the analyst(s), whether the test was passed/failed for each
analyst, and the number of attempts prior to passage.

B.7.3 Only after an analyst has passed the criteria in B.7.1 shall microspheres in blanks, standards, and
samples be identified and enumerated.

Table B1 – Suggested sample volumes for 25 mm membrane filters

Volume (x) to be filtered (mL)

Expected sample density
0.1 1 10 100 1000
influent (105 – 106/L) x x
influent (103 – 104/L) x x
effluent (102 – 103/L) x x
effluent (< 100/L) x

Table B2 – Quality control acceptance criteria for performance tests for microspheres

Performance test Acceptance criteria

precision (as MDL) ≤ 20 microspheres/L
recovery (percent) 50 – 100

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Annex C16
(informative)

C.1 Example fact section for pentavalent arsenic treatment systems

Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring contaminant found in many ground waters. It generally occurs in two
forms (valences or oxidation states): pentavalent arsenic (also known as As(V), As(+5), and arsenate)
and trivalent arsenic (also known as As(III), As(+3), and arsenite). In natural ground water, arsenic may
exist as trivalent arsenic, pentavalent arsenic, or a combination of both. More information about arsenic
and its toxicity can be found at the agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Toxicological
Profile on Arsenic website at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/phs2.html, and at the U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency website at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/arsenic.html.

Arsenic does not generally impart color, taste, or smell to water; therefore, it can only be detected by a
chemical analytical test. Public water supplies are required to monitor delivered water for arsenic (trivalent
arsenic plus pentavalent arsenic) and the results are available to the public from the utility. Consumers
using private water sources will need to make arrangements for testing. An arsenic test usually costs
about $15-30 and it is recommended that the test be conducted by a certified laboratory. Local health
departments or environmental protection agencies can help provide consumers with a list of certified
laboratories. Some laboratories may also be able to analyze specifically for (speciate) the form(s) of
arsenic present in a water sample if requested.

Trivalent arsenic is generally more difficult to reduce from drinking water than pentavalent arsenic.
Trivalent arsenic can be converted to pentavalent arsenic in the presence of an effective oxidant such as
free chlorine. The arsenic in water containing detectable free chlorine or that has been treated with
another effective oxidant will be in the pentavalent arsenic form.17 Treatment with chloramine (combined
chlorine) is not sufficient to ensure complete conversion of trivalent arsenic to pentavalent arsenic.

Consumers using public water supplies can contact their utility to verify whether free chlorine treatment
chemicals are being used. Private water supplies and waters that do not have detectable free chlorine
residuals should be analyzed to determine the form(s) of arsenic present and the potential need for
oxidation of trivalent arsenic to pentavalent arsenic.

This system [Model number] is designed to reduce only pentavalent arsenic. This treatment system is not
designed to convert trivalent arsenic to pentavalent arsenic. The system has not been evaluated for the
removal of trivalent arsenic, but it may reduce some trivalent arsenic.

This treatment system was tested under laboratory conditions as defined in NSF/ANSI 53: Drinking Water
Treatment Units – Health Effects, and was found to reduce [influent arsenic challenge concentration,
either 0.30 mg/L or 0.050 mg/L] of pentavalent arsenic in the test water to less than 0.010 mg/L, for
[tested treatment capacity] gallons of delivered water, the life of the system under standard testing
conditions. Actual performance of the system may vary depending on specific water quality conditions at
the consumer’s installation. Following installation of this system, the consumer should have the delivered
water tested for arsenic to verify that arsenic reduction is being achieved and the system is functioning
properly.

The arsenic removal component of this system must be replaced at the end of its useful life of [tested
treatment capacity]. The replacement component, [replacement component identification], can be
16
The information contained in this annex is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been
processed in accordance with ANSI’s requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this annex may contain material that has
not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary
for conformance to the Standard.
17
Laboratory Study on the Oxidation of Arsenic III to Arsenic V, EPA/600/R-01/021, March 2001 (available online at
<http://www.epa.gov/ORD/publications/ordpubs.html>).

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

purchased from the original source of this system (retailer or distributor), from other sources of this
treatment system, or directly from the manufacturer at [contact information].

C.2 Example fact section for arsenic treatment systems

Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring contaminant found in many ground waters. It generally occurs in two
forms (valences or oxidation states): pentavalent arsenic (also known as As(V), As(+5), and arsenate)
and trivalent arsenic (also known as As(III), As(+3), and arsenite). In natural ground water, arsenic may
exist as trivalent arsenic, pentavalent arsenic, or a combination of both. More information about arsenic
and its toxicity can be found at the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Toxicological
Profile on Arsenic website at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/phs2.html, and at the U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency website at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/arsenic.html.

Arsenic does not generally impart color, taste, or smell to water; therefore, it can only be detected by a
chemical analytical test. Public water supplies are required to monitor delivered water for arsenic (trivalent
arsenic plus pentavalent arsenic) and the results are available to the public from the utility. Consumers
using private water sources will need to make arrangements for testing. An arsenic test usually costs
about $15-30, and it is recommended that the test be conducted by a certified laboratory. Local health
departments or environmental protection agencies can help provide consumers with a list of certified
laboratories. Some laboratories may also be able to analyze specifically for (speciate) the form(s) of
arsenic present in a water sample if requested.

This system [Model number] is designed to reduce arsenic: both pentavalent and trivalent forms of
arsenic. This treatment system was tested under laboratory conditions as defined in NSF/ANSI 53
Drinking Water Treatment Units – Health Effects and was found to reduce [influent arsenic challenge
concentration, either 0.30 mg/L or 0.050 mg/L] arsenic consisting of either pentavalent or trivalent arsenic
in the test water to less than 0.010 mg/L, for [tested treatment capacity] gallons of delivered water, the life
of the system under standard testing conditions. Actual performance of the system may vary depending
on specific water quality conditions at the consumer’s installation. Following installation of this system, the
consumer should have the treated water tested for arsenic to verify that arsenic reduction is being
achieved and the system is functioning properly.

The arsenic removal component of this system must be replaced at the end of its useful life of [tested
treatment capacity]. The replacement component, [replacement component identification], can be
purchased from the original source of this system (retailer or distributor), from other sources of this
treatment system, or directly from the manufacturer at [contact information].

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Annex D18
(informative)

Key elements of a certification program

for drinking water treatment systems and components

A certification program for drinking water treatment systems and components should contain the following
program elements.

D.1 Marking the product

Requirements for product marking including:

– certified systems should bear a registered trademark of the certifying organization;

– certified components intended to be used with other components to make a complete

functional system, as defined by NSF/ANSI 53, should bear a component mark;

– each system should have a model designation; and

– each system should bear a statement of claims verified through the certifying organization
and substantiated by test data.

D.2 Listing certified companies

A published listing of all certified systems and components. The listing format should include at least the
following information:

– company name and address;

– product description;

– trademark/model designation;

– flow rate;

– rated capacity or service cycle; and

– each contaminant reduction claim that has been successfully evaluated and is supported by
test data.

D.3 Annual audits

Actual physical audits of all facilities and production locations of the certified company at least annually.

18
The information contained in this annex is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been
processed in accordance with ANSI’s requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this annex may contain material that has
not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary
for conformance to the Standard.

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© 2011 NSF NSF/ANSI 53 – 2011

D.4 Testing
– testing in accordance with all applicable NSF/ANSI 53 requirements prior to certification; and
– a retest program that includes re-evaluation and retesting at least once every five years.

D.5 Toxicological evaluation of materials formulations

Formulation information of each material used in the fabrication of the system and/or components shall be
provided to, and maintained on file by, the certifying organization. The formulation information should
include, at a minimum:

– each ingredient’s complete chemical identity or proportion by weight;

– each ingredient’s sources of supply;

– documentation regarding the health effects concern of each ingredient in the material; and

– documentation regarding the suitability of each ingredient for use in a potable water contact
material.

D.6 Corrective action

Corrective action for all items of noncompliance found during audits and re-evaluation, including:

– provisions for review and authorization for modifications to designs;

– modifications to certified system and/or components; and
– documentation and authorization of the modification maintained on file.

D.7 Enforcement
To preserve the integrity of the registered trademark of the certifying organization and protect public
health, enforcement action by the certifier for the following:

– use of the registered trademark of the certifying organization on a non-certified product;

– general noncompliance;
– unauthorized change to a certified product;
– unauthorized shipment or disposal of product placed on hold; and
– bribes.

D.8 Administrative review

Provisions for an administrative review as requested by any party directly affected by a decision or action
of the certifier.

D.9 Appeals
Provisions for an appeals process as requested by any party directly affected by a decision or action of
the certifier resulting from an administrative review.

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D.10 Complaints
– provisions for investigation of complaints related to certified products, misuse of the
registered trademark of the certifying organization by a certified company, and use/misuse of the
registered trademark of the certifying organization by a non-certified company; and

– certified company retention and disclosure of complaint records and remedial actions for
certified products.

D.11 Advertising
Requirement of proper use of the registered trademark of the certifying organization on sales literature,
technical publications, promotional materials, packaging, catalogs, and advertising.

D.12 Records
Provisions for verification of complete certified company records, including:

– installation and service for fabricators and distributors;

– purchased materials and components; and
– production, shipment, and inventory.

D.13 Public notice

Provisions for issuing a public notice for noncompliance with any requirement of certification.

D.14 Confidentiality
A strict policy of non-disclosure of any confidential information supplied to the certifier by the company
regarding the product, including formulations, components, processes, ingredients, or the identity of the
company’s suppliers and distributors.

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 Standards19

The following standards established and adopted by NSF as minimum voluntary consensus standards are used
internationally:

2 Food equipment
3 Commercial warewashing equipment
4 Commercial cooking, rethermalization, and powered hot food holding and transport equipment
5 Water heaters, hot water supply boilers, and heat recovery equipment
6 Dispensing freezers
7 Commercial refrigerators and freezers
8 Commercial powered food preparation equipment
12 Automatic ice making equipment
13 Refuse processors and processing systems
14 Plastics piping system components and related materials
18 Manual food and beverage dispensing equipment
20 Commercial bulk milk dispensing equipment
21 Thermoplastic refuse containers
24 Plumbing system components for recreational vehicles
25 Vending machines for food and beverages
29 Detergent and chemical feeders for commercial spray-type dishwashing machines
35 High pressure decorative laminates (HPDL) for surfacing food service equipment
36 Dinnerware
37 Air curtains for entranceways in food and food service establishments
40 Residential wastewater treatment systems
41 Non-liquid saturated treatment systems
42 Drinking water treatment units – Aesthetic effects
44 Residential cation exchange water softeners
46 Evaluation of components and devices used in wastewater treatment systems
49 Biosafety cabinetry: Design, construction, performance, and field certification
50 Equipment for swimming pools, spas, hot tubs, and other recreational water facilities
51 Food equipment materials
52 Supplemental flooring
53 Drinking water treatment units – Health effects
55 Ultraviolet microbiological water treatment systems
58 Reverse osmosis drinking water treatment systems
59 Mobile food carts
60 Drinking water treatment chemicals – Health effects
61 Drinking water system components – Health effects
62 Drinking water distillation systems
140 Sustainable carpet assessment
169 Special purpose food equipment and devices
170 Glossary of food equipment terminology
173 Dietary supplements
177 Shower filtration systems – Aesthetic effects
184 Residential dishwashers
222 Ozone generators
245 Wastewater treatment systems - nitrogen reduction
305 Personal care products containing organic ingredients
321 Goldenseal root (Hydrasitis canadensis)
330 Glossary of drinking water treatment unit terminology
332 Sustainability assessment for resilient floor coverings
336 Sustainability assessment for commercial furnishings fabric
342 Sustainability assessment for wallcovering products
350 Onsite residential and commercial water reuse treatment systems
350-1 Onsite residential and commercial graywater treatment systems for subsurface discharge
359 Valves for crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) water distribution tubing systems
360 Wastewater treatment systems – Field performance verification
372 Drinking water treatment system components – Lead content
14159-1 Hygiene requirements for the design of meat and poultry processing equipment
14159-2 Hygiene requirements for the design of hand held tools used in meat and poultry processing equipment
14159-3 Hygiene requirements for the design of mechanical belt conveyors used in meat and poultry processing equipment

19
The information contained in this Standards page is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not
been processed in accordance with ANSI’s requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Standards page may contain
material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain
requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard.