MAPEH

Festival Dances - Are cultural dances performed to the strong beats of percussion instruments
by a community of people sharing the same culture usually done in honor of a Patron Saint or
in thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest. Festival dances draw people’s culture by portraying the
people’s way of life through movements, costumes and implements inherent to their place of
origin.

Two ways that festival dances can be:

- Religious
- Secular

Why does Filipinos do festivals?

- Filipinos do festivals primarily to celebrate.
- We celebrate our unity amidst the diversity of cultures and;
- We celebrate our industry bringing about a bountiful harvest.

Sinulog Festival - A Religious Festival in honor of Sto. Nino is held around January in Cebu
City.

Dinagyang Festival - A Religious Festival in honor of Sto. Nino held around January in Iloilo
City.

Ati-atihan Festival - A Religious Festival in honor of Sto. Nino held around January in
Kalibo, Aklan.

Bangus Festival - A Non- Religious Festival in honor of the thanks-giving & bountiful harvest
of Bangus held around April to May in Dagupan, Pangasinan.

Panagbenga Festival - A Non- Religious Festival in honor of the thanksgiving & bountiful
harvest of Flowers held around April to May in Baguio City.

Binatbatan Festival - A Non- Religious Festival in honor of the thanksgiving & celebration of
peoples’ Weaving Industry held around May in Vigan, Ilocos Sur.

Theater - derived from the Greek word ‘theaomai’ meaning ‘to see’. The performance itself may
appeal either to the ear or the eye.

Theater Arts - a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers before a live audience in
a specific place.
Shadow Puppetry - puppets are made of animal skin and sticks. Puppeteers perform from the
back of a white cloth with light and with light at the back of the puppets.

Carilio - this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town
fiesta or on a dark nights after a harvest.

● Carilio is called ‘titres’ on Bataan, Cpiz, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan and Negros

Dance Drama - a dance drama is popular for a retelling of a famous national literatures.

Elements of Dance Drama

- Chants
- Pantomime
- Setup
- Props
- Costumes

Comedia - is a play written in verse. Comes from 16th century Spanish comedia (play).

Moro-Moro - the pattern of a love affair between Muslim-Filipino prince and Christian princess.

Props used by the Moro-Moro play :

(for armed soldiers)

- Shields
- Swords
- Lances
- Daggers

(for Christians and Muslim nobles)

- Dressed in gaudy
- Loud colored costumes
- Often seen marching up & down the stage
- Striking pompous
- Arrogant stylized
- Exaggerated poses

Zarzuela - originated from Spain and was made popular in the Philippines in the 1800’s. This is
an art form of lyric theater drama, comical nature. It is a play in prose.
Themes used in Zarzuela :
- Love
- Contemporary Social
- Political
- Economical
- Cultural Issues

Senakulo - depicting stories and events from the Old and New Testaments related to the life of
Jesus Chirst.

Telon - paper or cloth backdrops used for the performance of senakulo.

Mindanao - this is the second largest island in the Philippines.

Islam - is one of the oldest established religions in the country.

Mosque - also called ‘masjids’. The common structure of this is composed of minarets, domes
and prayer halls.

Minarets - are tall, slender spires with a hemisphere crown and are generally twice high as the
dome.

Dome - is large and usually covers the entire prayer hall. It represents the heaven and sky.

Kiblah - is another main feature of a mosque. It is positioned on the direction of of the Kaaba in
Mecca.

Batik - is a design technique using a wax-resistant dyeing on a fabric.

Malong - the traditional tubular skirt that is staple in the attire of many Mindanao indeginous
groups.

Stress - Is a reaction of the body and mind to unkind or challenging life incidents such as tense
feelings, worry and discomfort. The imbalance between the demand from the environment and
the person’s ability to cope can trigger feelings of anxiety.

Dr. Hans Selye - He was the first person to study stress scientifically and coined the word
stress was the Hungarian Endocrinologist Hans Selye. He defined stress as “the non-specific
responses of the body to any demand for change”.

Eustress - positive stress

Distress - negative stress

Eustress - Can motivate someone to regain enthusiasm in their endeavor. It can trigger
excitement that can revitalized your performance. This is a stress that you feel when you are
excited and stimulated by the challenge to experience from the stressor.

Distress - Can make you feel overwhelmed because your resources are inadequate to meet
the demands you are facing. This type of stress can lead to a decrease in performance, anxiety
and depression.

Factors that causes stress among students :

- Environmental factors
- Academic factors
- Personal factors

Endorphins - Chemicals in the brain that act as natural painkillers and also improve the ability
to sleep, which in turn reduces stress.

Stressor - things that make a person “stressed”

Death - refers to the end of physical being of a person

Loss - it occurs when someone dies, or life situations change or ends.

Grief - it is a feeling of extreme sadness. It is a normal, natural and healthy response to loss.

Grieving - is important and healthy to one’s well-being

Three factors of Grieving :

- Loss
- Disaster
- Misfortune

7 stages of Grief
- Shock
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Testing
- Acceptance

Shock - initial paralysis at hearing the bad news

Denial - trying to avoid the inevitable

Anger - frustrated outpouring of bottled-up emotion

Bargaining - seeking in vain for a way out

Depression - final realization of the inevitable

Testing - seeking realistic solutions

Acceptance - finding the way forward

WHO - declares non-communicable disease (NCD’s) as the top killer in the Philippines

NCDs - are non-infectious illness but can be inherited or developed based on the individuals
lifestyle

Harmful substances of tobacco

Tar - is a harmful byproduct of smoking cigarettes. This toxic substance is carcinogenic

and accumulates inside the respiratory system. Tar build-up disrupts clearing process of
the lungs and run air sacs.

Nicotine - is a toxic chemical compound that mostly consists nitrogen, which also makes
cigarettes addictive. It makes the heart beat fast, brings lightheadedness, and upsets
stomach.

Carbon monoxide - is a poisonous chemical from burnt cigarette that makes the heart
do more work to supply sufficient oxygen in the body. Thus, smokers have a higher risks
of having cardiovascular diseases like angina and heart attacks.

Kinds of tobacco smoke

Mainstream or first-hand smoke - is the smoke from lit cigarette that is both inhaled
and exhaled.

Side stream or second-hand smoke - is a very dangerous smoke when take in. it is
the smoke puffed out by smokers called environmental tobacco

Third hand smoke - refers to the cigarette offshoots which is attached to the smokers’
hair and clothing as well as various surfaces like walls, floors, furniture, chairs, and toys.
Cardiovascular disease - a disease of the heart and blood vesse;s and is the leading cause of
death in the Philippines.

Leukemia - is the cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal production
of blood cells, usually leukocytes or white blood cells.

Chronic respiratory disease - commonly called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) ; occurs in the air paths and other parts of the lungs.

Malignant - cancerous

Benign - non cancerous

Heart attack - cardiac muscle failure due to lack of blood flow to the heart.