Introduction to

Agriculture

hello@edutap.co.in1|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 Table of Contents
1. Agriculture....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Definition or Meaning .................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 History of Agriculture .............................................................................................................. 3
1.3 Where does Agriculture stand today?...................................................................................... 3
1.4 What about Agriculture in India? ............................................................................................. 3
1.5 Branches of Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 5
1.5.1 Agronomy: .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.2 Horticulture: ........................................................................................................................... 6
1.5.3 Forestry (Silviculture): ............................................................................................................. 6
1.5.4 Animal Husbandry: .................................................................................................................. 6
1.5.5 Fishery science (Pisciculture): .................................................................................................. 6
1.5.6 Agricultural Engineering: ......................................................................................................... 6
1.5.7 Home Science: ........................................................................................................................ 6
Important Agricultural Research Institutes........................................................................................... 6
Deemed Universities - 4 ................................................................................................................... 7
Institutions – 65 ............................................................................................................................... 7
National Research Centres – 14 ....................................................................................................... 9
National Bureaus - 6 ........................................................................................................................ 9
Directorates/Project Directorates – 13 ............................................................................................. 9
All India Coordinated Research Projects – 59 ................................................................................. 10
Network Projects - 20 .................................................................................................................... 11
Some Important Horticulture Research Institutes in India .............................................................. 12
Important International Institutions on Agricultural Research ............................................................ 13
Fathers of Important Agriculture Disciplines ...................................................................................... 14
3. Agriculture revolutions in India ...................................................................................................... 14
4. List of Important and Special Days in Agriculture ........................................................................... 16

hello@edutap.co.in2|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 1. Agriculture

1.1 Definition or Meaning

✓ The word 'Agriculture' is derived from the Latin word 'Ager' means “Land or Soil” and
'Culture' means “cultivation”, which in simple terms means the science and Art of
producing crops and livestock for economic purpose and for the use of mankind.
✓ The basic aim of agriculture is to raise stronger and more fruitful crops and plants and to
help them for their growth by improving the soil and supplying the water.
✓ Agriculture can be termed as a science, an art and business altogether

1.2 History of Agriculture

✓ Agriculture is the milestone in the history of human civilization.
✓ Modern farming began around the 18th century in what is generally referred to as “The
British Agricultural Revolution”

1.3 Where does Agriculture stand today?

✓ “Sustainability” is to balance several conflicting needs - to protect the environment
and to instigate practices that protects it while providing for the growing needs of the
future population growth.

1.4 What about Agriculture in India?

✓ A major population of India is dependent on agriculture for their livelihood.
✓ Indian agriculture is not an exception for this, today India is facing two main problem
concerned with agriculture.
• Meeting the increasing demand of food and supplying agro products for ever
increasing population
• Uneven development of agriculture and changing pattern of agriculture land use.
✓ The study of land and agriculture from the geographical point of view gained more
importance after 1950.
✓ Green Revolution, in mid 1960s, brought a remarkable change in the field of
agriculture.

Important Chronological Events in Agriculture in India

15 Century Cultivation of sweet orange, sour orange, wild brinjal, Pomegranate

A.D.
16 Century Introduction of several crops to India by Portuguese.
A.D. They are potato, Sweet Potato, Arrow Root, Cassava, Tomato, Chillis, Pumpkin, Papaya,
Pineapple, Guava, Custardapple, Groundnut, Cashewnut, Tobacco, American cotton,
rubber
1550 A.D. Portuguese introduced grafting technique in horticulture

hello@edutap.co.in3|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 1875 Indian Meteorological Department established at Pune (Maharashtra)

1880 Famine Commission appointed

1901 Appointed First Irrigation Commission (chaired by Sir Colin Scott-Moncrieff to draw up a
comprehensive irrigation plan for India.)
1905 Established the imperial (now known as Indian) Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa,
Bihar shifted to new Delhi in 1936.
1926 Appointment of Royal Commission on Agriculture (RCA) headed by Lord Linlithgow. It was
responsible for giving recommendation to dug canals, lay roads. Submitted the report in
1928.
1929 Establishment of Imperial (now Indian) Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi
1943 Great Bengal Famine - Cochliobolus miyabeanus (formerly known as Helminthosporium
oryzae) is a fungus that causes brown spot disease in rice.
Oct. 1958 NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation)
1960 First agricultural university in India, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology at
Pantnanagar, on the pattern of land grant system of USA
1966-67 Green Revolution
1970 National Commission on Agriculture
st
1 Nov Establishment of Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board (ASRB) based on the
1973 recommendation of G. Gadkar report
1973-74 Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP)
1974 Command Area Development Authority (CADA)
1974 Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)
1974 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK). Mohan Singh Mehta committee recommended (First at
Pondicherry, under TNAU, Coimbatore)
1976 National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management (NAARM), Hyderabad
1977-78 Desert Development Programme (DDP)
April 1978 Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) launched in financial year 1978 and
extended through out India in 1980
1979 Training for Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM)
Jan 1979 National Agricultural Research Project (NARP)
st
1 June Lab to Land Programme (LLP), on the ICAR golden jubilee year
1979
1980 National Agricultural Research Project (NARP)
1982 Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and Rural Technology (CAPART)
th
12 July National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
1982
1983 National Agricultural Extension Project (NAEP)
1983 Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP)
1985 Crop Insurance Scheme (CIS) now National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS)
1986 Technology Mission on Oilseeds (TMO)

hello@edutap.co.in4|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 1986 National Watershed Development Programme for Rainfed Areas
1986 National Agricultural Research Project (Phase 2)
1988 Special Food Production Programme (SFPP)
1989 Integrated Watershed Development Programme
1995 Institutional Village Linkage Programme (IVLP)
1996 Establishment of National Gene Bank at New Delhi
1998 National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP)
2004 National Food for Work Programme (NFWP)
2004 Inauguration of National Agricultural Science Complex (NASC) at New Delhi
2004 Marine Fishing Policy
2004 National Commission on Farmers constituted on November 18, 2004 under the
chairmanship of Professor M.S. Swaminathan
July 2006 National Agricultural Innovation project (NAIP) Through World Bank
May 2005 National Horticulture Mission (NHM)
2006-07 National Bamboo Mission
2006 ICAR launched National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) with financial support
from World Bank
2006 National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) on 3.11.2006
August, National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
2007
2014 NHM merged Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)

1.5 Branches of Agriculture

✓ Agriculture is mainly divided into following seven branches
1. Agronomy
2. Horticulture Crop Production Group
3. Forestry
4. Animal husbandry Animal Management
5. Fishery science
6. Agricultural Engineering
7. Home science Allied Agriculture Group

1.5.1 Agronomy:
✓ It deals with the production of various crops which includes Food crops, Fodder crops, Fibre
crops, Sugar, Oilseeds, etc. The aim is to have better food production and how to control
diseases.

hello@edutap.co.in5|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 1.5.2 Horticulture:
✓ It deals with the production of fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, spices,
condiments, and beverages. It is again divided into 8 types based on type of horticulture
plants grown or operations conducted.
1. Arboriculture:Study of, and the selection, planting, care, and removal of, individual trees,
shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants.
2. Floriculture: Production and marketing of floral crops.Examples: Roses, Jasmines, Lilies etc.,
3. Landscape horticulture:Production, marketing, and maintenance of landscape
plants.Examples:Berberis thunbergii, Paeonia lactifloraetc.,
4. Olericulture: Includes the production and marketing of vegetables.Examples: Brinjal,
Tomato etc.,
5. Pomology: Production and marketing of fruits.Examples: Apples, Mangoes etc.,
6. Viticulture: Production and marketing of grapes.
7. Oenology: All aspects of wine and winemaking.
8. Postharvest Management: Maintaining the quality of and preventing the spoilage of
horticultural crops.

1.5.3 Forestry (Silviculture):

✓ It deals with production of large-scale cultivation of perennial trees for supplying wood,
timber, rubber, etc. and also raw materials for industries.
1.5.4 Animal Husbandry:
✓ It deals with agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock to provide food for
humans and to provide power (draught) and manure for crops.
1.5.5 Fishery science (Pisciculture):
✓ It deals with practice of breeding and rearing fishes including marine and inland fishes,
shrimps, prawns etc. to provide food, feed, and manure.
1.5.6 Agricultural Engineering:
✓ It deals with farm machinery for filed preparation, inter-cultivation, harvesting and post
harvest processing including soil and water conservation engineering and bioenergy.
1.5.7 Home Science:
It deals with application and utilization of agricultural produces in a better manner to provide
nutritional security, including value addition and food preparation.

2. Important Agricultural Research Institutes

The Indian Council for Agriculture Research (Formerly known as Imperial Council of
Agricultural Research)

Established: 16 July 1929

hello@edutap.co.in6|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 Ministry: Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture,
Government of India

Role: Coordinating and driving the national agricultural and horticultural along with
veterinary and fisheries institutions forward, creating “National Agricultural Research System
(NARS)”.

The National Agricultural Research System comprises the Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR), other central research institutes, and national research centres set up by ICAR.

Note:Kindly understand, it has been observed that atleast one question is asked from this list
every year in the exam. Hence please go through it thoroughly.

2.1 National Agricultural Research System

2.1.1 Deemed Universities - 4

Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
Central Institute on Fisheries Education, Mumbai

2.1.2 Institutions – 65
S.No. Name of the Institute and its location
1 ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar
2 ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
3 ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
4 ICAR-Central
Islands Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal
5 ICAR-Central Institute Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
6 ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hissar, Haryana
7 ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
8 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
9 ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan
10 ICAR-Central Institute of Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra
11 ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala
12 ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha
13 ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra
14 ICAR-Central Institute of Sub Tropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
15 ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
16 ICAR-Central Institute on Post harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab
17 ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala
18 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasargod, Kerala

hello@edutap.co.in7|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 19 ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
20 ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, West Bengal
21 ICAR-Central Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana
22 ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha
23 ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan
24 ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand
25 ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
26 ICAR-Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh
27 ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala
28 ICAR-ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar
29 ICAR-ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani, Meghalaya
30 ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Old Goa, Goa
31 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi
32 ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
33 ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand
34 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka
35 ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi, Jharkhand
36 ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
37 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
38 ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut, Kerala
39 ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
40 ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
41 ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research & Management, Hyderabad, Telangana
42 ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stresses Management, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
43 ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Maharashtra
44 ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka
45 ICAR-National Institute of Natural Fibre Engineering and Technology, Kolkata,
46 ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Hebbal,
Bengaluru
KolkataBengal
47 ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
48 ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand
49 ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
50 ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
51 ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Panjab
52 ICAR- Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
53 ICAR-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi
54 ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana
55 ICAR- Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh
56 ICAR- Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, Telangana
57 ICAR- Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, Telangana
58 ICAR- Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, West Godawari, Andhra Pradesh
59 ICAR- Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha
60 ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana
61 ICAR- Central Institute for Women in Agriculture, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha

hello@edutap.co.in8|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 62 ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra
63 ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Research, Mau, Uttar Pradesh
64 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Hazaribag , Jharkhand
65 ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi

2.1.3 National Research Centres – 14

S No Name of the Reasearch Centre and its location
1 ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu
2 ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra
3 ICAR-National Research Centre for Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar
4 ICAR-National Research Centre for Pomegranate, Solapur, Maharashtra
5 ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan
6 ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana
7 ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad, Telangana
8 ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland
9 ICAR-National Research Centre on Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim
10 ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam
11 ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan
12 ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, West Kemang, Arunachal Pradesh
13 ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi
14 Mahatma Gandhi Integrated Farming Research Institute , Motihari, Bihar

2.1.4 National Bureaus - 6

S No Name of the Bureau and its location
1 National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources, New Delhi
2 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Micro-organisms, Mau, Uttar Pradesh
3 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore, Karnataka
4 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur, Maharashtra
5 National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana
6 National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

2.1.5 Directorates/Project Directorates – 13

S No Name of the Directorate and its location
1 ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagarh, Gujarat
2 ICAR-Directorate of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
3 ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed & Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan
4 ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, Himachal Pradesh
5 ICAR-Directorate on Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra
6 ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, Karnataka
7 ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand, Gujarat

hello@edutap.co.in9|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 8 ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune, Maharashtra
9 ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
10 ICAR-Project Directorate on Foot & Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Uttarakhand
11 ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, Telanagna
12 ICAR-Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture (DKMA), New Delhi
13 ICAR-Directorate of Cold Water Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand

*The ICAR institutes (all three categories (institute, National Research Centres and
Directorates) have a defined organizational structure.

2.1.6 All India Coordinated Research Projects – 59

In addition to its institute-based research, ICAR promotes research schemes / projects in
agriculture and allied areas to resolve location- specific problems. Examples: All India
Coordinated Research Projects (AICRPs), Network projects and other projects.

S No Location of AICRPs in India

1 AICRP on Nematodes, New Delhi
2 AICRP on Maize, New Delhi
3 AICRP Rice, Hyderabad, Telangana
4 AICRP on Chickpea, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
5 AICRP on MULLARP, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
6 AICRP on Pigeon Pea, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
7 AICRP on Arid Legumes, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
8 AICRP on Wheat & Barley Improvement Project, Karnal, Haryana
9 AICRP Sorghum, Hyderabad, Telangana
10 AICRP on Pearl Millets, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
11 AICRP on Small Millets, Bangalore, Karnataka
12 AICRP on Sugarcane, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
13 AICRP on Cotton, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
14 AICRP on Groundnut, Junagarh, Gujarat
15 AICRP on Soybean, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
16 AICRP on Rapeseed & Mustard, Bharatpur, Rajasthan
17 AICRP on Sunflower, Safflower, Castor, Hyderabad, Telangana
18 AICRP on Linseed, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
19 AICRP on Sesame and Niger, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
20 AICRP on IPM and Biocontrol, Bangalore, Karnataka
21 AICRP on Honey Bee Research & Training, Hisar, Haryana
22 AICRP on Seed , Mau, Uttar Pradesh
23 AICRP on Forage Crops, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
24 AICRP on Fruits, Bangaluru, Karnataka
25 AICRP Arid Zone Fruits, Bikaner, Rajasthan
26 AICRP Mushroom, Solan, Himachal Pradesh
27 AICRP Vegetables including NSP vegetable, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

hello@edutap.co.in10|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 28 AICRP Potato, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
29 AICRP Tuber Crops, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
30 AICRP Palms, Kasaragod, Kerala
31 AICRP Cashew, Puttur, Karnataka
32 AICRP Spices, Calicut, Kerala
33 AICRP on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants including Betelvine, Anand, Gujarat
34 AICRP on Floriculture, New Delhi
35 AICRP in Micro Secondary & Pollutant Elements in Soils and Plants, Bhopal, Madhya
36 AICRP on Soil Test with Crop Response, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Pradesh
37 AICRP on Long Term Fertilizer Experiments, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
38 AICRP on Salt Affected Soils & Use of Saline Water in Agriculture, Karnal, Haryana
39 AICRP on Water Management Research, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha
40 AICRP on Ground Water Utilisation, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha
41 AICRP Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana
AICRP on Agrometeorology, Hyderabad including Network on Impact adaptation &
42 Vulnerability of Indian Agri. to Climate Change, Telangana
AICRP Integrated Farming System Research, Modipuram including Network Organic
43 Farming, Uttar Pradesh
44 AICRP Weed Control, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
45 AICRP on Agroforestry, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
46 AICRP on Farm Implements & Machinery, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
All India Coordinated Research Project on Ergonomics and Safety in Agriculture,
47 Bhubaneshwar, Odisha
48 AICRP on Energy in Agriculture and Agro Based Indus, Bhopal
49 AICRP on Utilization of Animal Energy (UAE), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
50 AICRP on Plasticulture Engineering and Technologies, Ludhiana, Punjab
51 AICRP on PHT, Ludhiana, Punjab
52 AICRP on Goat Improvement, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
AICRP- Improvement of Feed Sources & Nutrient Utilization for raising animal
53 production, Bangalore, Karnataka
54 AICRP on Cattle Research, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
55 AICRP on Poultry, Hyderabad, Telangana
56 AICRP-Pig, Izzatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
57 AICRP Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Uttarakhand
58 AICRP ADMAS, Bangalore, Karnataka
59 AICRP on Home Science, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha

2.1.7 Network Projects - 20

S No. Name of the project and its location
1 All India Network Project on Pesticides Residues, New Delhi
2 All India Network Project on Soil Arthropod Pests, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan

hello@edutap.co.in11|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 3 Network on Economic Ornithology, Hyderabad, Telangana
4 Network on Agricultural Acarology, Bangalore, Karnataka
5 All India Network Project on Rodent Control, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
6 All India Network Project on Underutilised Crops, New Delhi
7 All India Network Project on Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, West Bengal
8 Network Bio-fertilizers, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
9 All India Network Project on Tobacco, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh
Network Project on Harvest & Post Harvest and Value Addition to Natural Resins &
10 Gums, Ranchi, Jharkhand
11 Network project on Improvement of Onion & Garlic, Pune, Maharahtra
12 Network project on Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana
Network Project on R&D Support for Process Upgradation of Indigenous Milk
13 products for industrial application, Karnal, Haryana
14 Network Project on Buffaloes Improvement, Hisar, Haryana
15 Network Programme on Sheep Improvement, Avikanagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan
16 Network on Gastro Intestinal Parasitism, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
Network Project on Conservation of Lac Insect Genetic Resources, Ranchi,
17 Jharkhand
18 Network on Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
19 Network Programme Blue Tongue Disease, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
Network Project on Agricultural Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, New
20 Delhi

2.1.8 Some Important Horticulture Research Institutes in India

Note:Kindly note, there might be a repetition of Horticulture Research Institutions in the list of
ICAR research institutes or other organizations under ICAR.

Name of the Institute Location

Central tuber crops research institute (CTCRI) Thiruvananthapuram,
Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) Shimla,
Kerala HP
Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR) Varanasi, UP
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) Bengaluru, Karnataka
Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) Calicut, Kerala
Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Kasargod, Kerala
Central Institute for Sub-Tropical Horticulture (CISTH) Lucknow, UP
Central Institute for Arid Horticulture (National Research Center
Bikaner, Rajasthan
for Arid Horticulture)
Central Arid Zone Research Institute Jodhpur, Rajasthan
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) Lucknow, UP
Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI) Chickmaglur, Karnataka
National Research Centre for Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Anand, Gujarat
National research Centre for Orchids Pakyong, Sikkim

hello@edutap.co.in12|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 National Research Centre For Citrus Nagpur, Maharashtra
National Research Centre for Oil Palm Pedavegi, Andhra Pradesh
National Research Centre for Mushroom Solan, Himachal Pradesh
National Research Centre for Cashew Puttur, Karnataka
National Research Centre For Banana (NRCB) Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu
National Research Centre for Seed Spices Ajmer, Rajasthan
National Research Centre For Onion and Garlic Pune, Maharashtra
National Research Centre for Grapes Pune, Maharashtra
National Research Centre for Litchi Muzafarpur, Bihar
National Research Centre on Pomegranate Solapur, Maharashtra
National Research Centre for Makhana Patna, Bihar
Coffee Board Bangalore, Karnataka
Coconut board Kochi, Kerala
Coir board Kochi, Kerala
Tea Board Kolkata, West Bengal
Spices Board Cochin, Kerala
National Medicinal Plants Board New Delhi
National Horticulture Board (NHB) Gurgaon, Haryana
National Bureau of Plant & Genetic Resources (NBPGR) New Delhi
United Planters Association of South India (UPASI) Coimbattore, Tamil Nadu
Tocklai Tea Research Centre (TRA) Jorhat, Assam
Darjeeling Tea Research and Development Centre(DTRDC) Kurseong, Darjeeling, West
Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur,
Bengal HP
Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI) Mysore
Central Silk Board Bangalore, Karnataka
Central Muga Eri Research & Training Institute Jorhat, Assam

2.2 Important International Institutions on Agricultural Research

CIP Centro International da la Papa (International potato research institute (Lima, Peru, South
America)
CIMMYT Centro International de Mejoramiento de Maizy Trigo (International Centre for maize and
Wheat development (Londress, Mexico)
IITA International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Ibadon in Nigeria, Africa
ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (Aleppo, Syria)
ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (Pattancheru in
Hyderabad, India)
IIMI International Irrigation Management Institute, Colombo, SRILANKA
ISNAR International Service in National Agricultural Research, The Hague, Netherlands
WARDA West African Rice Development Association Ivory coast, Africa
IBPGR International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy
CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Montpellier, France
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome

hello@edutap.co.in13|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 WMO World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
IFPRI The International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC
IMPACT International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade
IFAD The International Fund for Agricultural Development (Rome, Italy)
IRRI International Rice Research Institute at Los Banos (Philippines)
ICRISAT International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad (India)
ILRAD International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya, 1973
ICGEB International Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Triesta, Italy & New Delhi,
IBPGR India
International Board of Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy (1974)
CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Columbia, 1967
AVRDC Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre, Taiwan

2.3 Fathers of Important Agriculture Disciplines

Father of Name of the person
Agronomy Peter Decrescenzi
Agro meteorology D. N. Walia
Cooperative movement in India F. Nicholson
Extension education A. Seaman/Leagnes
Field plot experiment J. B. Boussingault
Fruit and vegetable preservation M. Nicholas Apart
Genetics Gregor Johann Mendel
Green revolution Dr. N. E. Borlaug
Green revolution in India M.S.Swaminathan
Golden revolution in India NirpakhTutej
Father of Modern Horticulture in Dr. K.C. Chadha
Golden
India rice Dr. Ingo Potrykus
Mutation Theory Hugo de vries
Modern Genetics T.H. Morgan
Hybrid rice Yuan Long Ping
Microbiology Louis Pasture
Hybrid cotton C.T. Patel

3. Agriculture revolutions in India

• Agricultural revolution refers to the significant changes in agriculture when there are
inventions, discoveries or new technologies implemented. These revolutions changed the
ways of production and increase the production rate in India.
• Following are the major agricultural revolutions that took place in India.
Agricultural Revolutions in India
Objective of the revolution Revolution Father of the Revolution

hello@edutap.co.in14|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 Food Grains Green Revolution M.S. Swaminathan
Meat Production / Tomato Red Revolution Vishal Tewari
Production
Potato Round Revolution –
Food Grains Green Revolution M.S. Swaminathan
Milk Production White Revolution/ Verghese Kurien
Operation flood
Integration of ecological principles Evergreen Revolution M S Swaminathan
in technology development
Higher Production (Technology- Protein Revolution Coined by Narendra Modi
driven 2nd Green revolution) and Arun Jaitely
Oilseed Production (Especially Yellow Revolution Sam Pitroda
Mustard and Sunflower)
Petroleum products Black Revolution –
Fish Production Blue Revolution Dr Arun Krishnan
Hiralal Chaudhuri
Leather / Cocoa / Non- Brown Revolution –
Conventional Products
Jute Production Golden Fiber –
Revolution
Fruits / Honey Production / Golden Revolution NirpakhTutej
Horticulture Development
Fertilizers Grey Revolution –
Onion Production / Pink Revolution Durgesh Patel
Pharmaceuticals / Prawn
Production
Egg Production / Poultry Silver Revolution Indira Gandhi (Mother of the
Production Revolution)

hello@edutap.co.in15|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in
 Cotton Silver Fiber Revolution –

4. List of Important and Special Days in Agriculture

S. No Date Day
1 February 10 World Pulses Day
2 March 21 International Day of Forests
3 March 22 World Water Day
4 April 22 World Earth Day
5 April 26 International Seeds Day
6 June 1 World Milk Day
7 June 5 World Environment Day
8 July 1 International Fruit Day
9 September 2 World Coconut Day
10 October 15 International Day of Rural Women
11 October 16 World Food Day
12 November 26 National Milk Day
13 December 3 National Agricultural Education Day (To commemorate the birth
anniversary of our first Agriculture Minister: Mr Rajendra Prasad)
14 December 5 World Soil Day
15 December 23 National Farmers’ Day/ Kisan Diwas (to mark the birth
anniversary of Chaudhary Charan Singh)

hello@edutap.co.in16|P a g e http://www.edutap.co.in