Peace and Human Rights Issues and Concepts

PEACE AND HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES AND CONCEPTS
IN THE PHILIPPINES
WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS? Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings,
regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status.
Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture,
freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more.
Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.
SOME ISSUES
• Insurgency and Armed Conflict: The Philippines has faced long-standing

insurgencies, particularly from groups like the New People's Army (NPA) and the
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). Addressing the root causes of these conflicts
and working towards peaceful resolutions are ongoing challenges.
• Mindanao Peace Process: Efforts have been made to achieve lasting peace in
Mindanao, with the signing of various peace agreements, including the
Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB) and the establishment of
the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM).
• Extrajudicial Killings: Concerns have been raised about extrajudicial killings in

the context of the government's anti-drug campaign. Human rights advocates
emphasize the need for due process and the protection of individuals' right to life.
• Human Rights Violations: Instances of human rights abuses, including

harassment, torture, and unlawful arrests, have been reported. Advocates stress
the importance of upholding human rights standards and holding perpetrators
accountable.
• Indigenous Peoples' Rights: Indigenous communities face challenges in the

protection of their ancestral lands and cultural heritage. Recognition and respect
for indigenous peoples' rights, as enshrined in laws such as the Indigenous
Peoples Rights Act (IPRA), are crucial for fostering inclusivity.
• Freedom of Expression: Concerns have been raised about restrictions on

freedom of expression, including attacks on journalists and media workers.
Upholding press freedom and ensuring the safety of journalists are essential for a
democratic society.
• Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs): Armed conflicts and natural disasters have
resulted in the displacement of communities. Addressing the needs of internally
displaced persons and providing them with necessary support are important
aspects of human rights and peace efforts.
• Human Rights Education: Promoting human rights education is crucial for
creating a culture of respect and understanding. Enhancing awareness of human
rights principles helps empower individuals to advocate for their rights and those
of others.
• Transitional Justice: Transitional justice mechanisms, including truth and

reconciliation commissions, are considered essential for addressing historical
injustices and promoting healing in post-conflict situations.
• International Cooperation: Collaboration with international organizations and

neighboring countries is important for addressing cross-border issues, ensuring
human rights protection, and fostering regional stability.
COMMON TYPES OF RIGHTS:
1. Civil and Political Rights:

These rights focus on individuals' freedom and participation in political processes.
Examples include the right to life, liberty, and security, freedom of expression, the
right to a fair trial, and the right to participate in government.
2. Social and Economic Rights:

These rights pertain to individuals' well-being and economic security. Examples
include the right to work, the right to education, the right to health, and the right to
an adequate standard of living.
3. Cultural Rights:
Cultural rights protect the right of individuals and communities to participate in
cultural, religious, and artistic life. This includes the right to participate in one's
cultural community, enjoy cultural heritage, and practice religion.
4. Environmental Rights:
The right to a healthy environment is increasingly recognized as a fundamental
human right. It encompasses the right to live in an environment that supports
health and well-being, as well as the right to information and participation in
environmental decision-making.
5. Collective Rights:
Collective rights are rights that belong to specific groups, communities, or
indigenous peoples. Examples include the right to self-determination, the rights of
indigenous peoples, and the rights of minorities.
6. Women's Rights:
Women's rights focus on addressing discrimination and ensuring equal
opportunities for women. This includes the right to gender equality, the right to be
free from gender-based violence, and reproductive rights.
7. Children's Rights:
Children's rights are designed to protect the well-being and development of
children. Examples include the right to education, the right to protection from
exploitation, and the right to participate in decisions affecting them.
8. LGBTQ+ Rights:
LGBTQ+ rights advocate for the rights and freedoms of lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender, and queer individuals. This includes protection from discrimination
based on sexual orientation and gender identity.
9. Refugee and Migrant Rights:

Individuals who are forced to flee their countries or migrate have specific rights,
including the right to seek asylum, protection from deportation to unsafe conditions,
and access to basic services.
10. Disability Rights:

Disability rights focus on ensuring equal opportunities and access for individuals
with disabilities. This includes the right to education, employment, and participation
in community life.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Inherent and Inalienable: Human rights are intrinsic to all individuals simply by
virtue of being human. They cannot be given or taken away, and no one should be
arbitrarily deprived of their human rights.
Universal: Human rights apply to all people, regardless of nationality, ethnicity,

gender, religion, or any other distinguishing factor. They are not limited by borders
and are universally applicable to every individual.
Imprescriptible: The term “imprescriptible” in the context of human rights refers

to the idea that these rights are not subject to prescription or expiration over time.
In other words, human rights are considered enduring and timeless, and their
validity and applicability persist without any time limit. This concept is rooted in the
belief that certain rights are inherent to human beings and cannot be forfeited or
extinguished by the passage of time, changes in circumstances, or any other
factors.
Indivisible and Interdependent: Human rights are interconnected and

interdependent. The realization of one right often depends on the fulfillment of
others. For example, the right to education can be linked to the right to work and
the right to health.
Equal and Non-Discriminatory: Human rights are equal for all individuals.
Discrimination based on race, gender, religion, ethnicity, or any other grounds is
not permissible. Everyone is entitled to the same rights and protections.
Inviolable and Irrevocable: Human rights are inviolable, meaning they should not
be violated or undermined. Additionally, human rights are irrevocable, meaning
they cannot be taken away, even in times of crisis or emergency.
Interconnectedness with Dignity: Human rights are closely linked to the inherent
dignity of every person. Respecting and protecting human rights is essential for
preserving the dignity of individuals, recognizing their worth and value.
Legally Protected: Human rights are often codified in national and international
laws and treaties. These legal frameworks provide a basis for holding individuals,
organizations, and governments accountable for respecting and upholding human
rights.
Accountability and Remedies: Violations of human rights should be subject to

accountability, and mechanisms for seeking remedies must be available.
Individuals should have access to effective remedies when their rights are violated.
Participation and Inclusion: Human rights include the right to participate in

decision-making processes that affect individuals and communities. Inclusive
participation is essential for democracy and the protection of human rights.
Progressive Realization: Some rights, particularly economic and social rights,

are subject to progressive realization. This means that governments are expected
to take steps to gradually achieve the full realization of these rights over time.
Non-Retrogression: Governments are generally expected not to take steps

backward in the protection and fulfillment of human rights. Backtracking on
established rights is discouraged.
Enforceability: Human rights are not merely aspirational but are enforceable.
Individuals can seek legal redress and assistance from human rights institutions
when their rights are violated.
YOU MAY ALSO WATCH:

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3. https://youtu.be/pjN2XjSpPWA
REFERENCES
More, A. H. (2024, January 2). Characteristics of human rights. The Legal Quotient.
https://thelegalquotient.com/legal-concepts/human-rights/characteristics-of-human-
rights/1490/
United Nations. (n.d.). Human Rights | United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/global-

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PEACE AND HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES AND CONCEPTS

• Insurgency and Armed Conflict: The Philippines has faced long-standing

• Extrajudicial Killings: Concerns have been raised about extrajudicial killings in

• Human Rights Violations: Instances of human rights abuses, including

• Indigenous Peoples' Rights: Indigenous communities face challenges in the

• Freedom of Expression: Concerns have been raised about restrictions on

• Transitional Justice: Transitional justice mechanisms, including truth and

• International Cooperation: Collaboration with international organizations and

COMMON TYPES OF RIGHTS:

1. Civil and Political Rights:

2. Social and Economic Rights:

9. Refugee and Migrant Rights:

10. Disability Rights:

CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Universal: Human rights apply to all people, regardless of nationality, ethnicity,

Imprescriptible: The term “imprescriptible” in the context of human rights refers

Indivisible and Interdependent: Human rights are interconnected and

Accountability and Remedies: Violations of human rights should be subject to

Participation and Inclusion: Human rights include the right to participate in

Progressive Realization: Some rights, particularly economic and social rights,

Non-Retrogression: Governments are generally expected not to take steps

YOU MAY ALSO WATCH:

United Nations. (n.d.). Human Rights | United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/global-

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