P

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
Boğaziçi University
Dept. of Mathematics
Math 101 Calculus I 10 12 12 10 12 12 12 80

Date: December 30, 2022 Full Name :

Time: 14:15-16:15 Math 101 Number :
Student ID :
Fall 2022 – Final Solutions

IMPORTANT
1. Write your name. 2. The exam consists of seven questions worth 10, 12, 12, 10, 12, 12, and 12 points as you
can see in the upper right corner. 3. Show all your work. Correct answers without sufficient explanation will not
get full credit. 4. Calculators are not allowed. 5. Turn off your cell phones now.

Q 1 Find the first four nonzero terms in the Maclaurin series for
2
f (x) = (ex + 1)(1 + 2x − x2 ).

Solution. Observe that

x4 x6
 
x2 2 2
(e + 1)(1 + 2x − x ) = 1+x + + + · · · (1 + 2x − x2 ) + 1 + 2x − x2
2! 3!
1 + 2x + x (−1 + 1) + 2x3 + · · · + 1 + 2x − x2
2


=
1 + 2x + 2x3 + · · · + 1 + 2x − x2


=
= 2 + 4x − x2 + 2x3 .

So, the first nonzero terms are 2, 4, −1 and 2. 

Q 2 A particle moves along the curve y = x2 in the first quadrant in such a way that its
distance from the origin increases at the rate of 18 units per second.

(i) Find dx/dt when x = 2.

p √
Solution. Letting D = x2 + y 2 = x2 + x4 be the distance from the origin, we have

dD 1 2x dx + 4x3 dx
= √dt dt
.
dt 2 x2 + x4
dD
Substituting the given information dt
= 18 and x = 2 in this equation gives

1 4 dx
dt
+ 32 dx
dt
18 = √ ,
2 4 + 16
dx
√
which solving for dt
gives the answer to be 2 5 at the given instance. 

(ii) How fast is the angle of inclination θ of the line joining the particle to the origin
changing when x = 2.

y x2
Solution. Noting that tan θ = x
= x
= x, differentiation with respect to t gives

dθ dx
sec2 θ = .
dt dt
√
Noting that when x = 2, sec θ = 5, we then obtain
dx
√
dθ dt 2 5 2
= 2
= =√
dt sec θ 5 5
as the rate of change of inclination at the given instance. 
Q 3 Let f (x) be a function that is three times differentiable on (−∞, ∞). Assume that
its third derivative is given by f 000 (x) = 24x.

(i) Assuming that f 00 (0) = −2, f 0 (0) = 0 and f (0) = 0, find f (x).

Solution.

– Integrating f 000 (x) = 24x gives f 00 (x) = 12x2 + C. Using the initial condition
f 00 (0) = −2, we obtain C = −2. So, f 00 (x) = 12x2 − 2.
– Then integrating f 00 (x) = 12x2 − 2, we get f 0 (x) = 4x3 − 2x + D. Using this
time the initial condition f 0 (0) = 0, we get D = 0. Then f 0 (x) = 4x3 − 2x.
– Now we do this one last time and integrate f 0 (x) = 4x3 − 2x to obtain f (x) =
x4 − x2 + E, and using the initial condition f (0) = 0 then yields E = 0.

Final answer is then

f (x) = x4 − x2 .


(ii) Identify the local maximums and local minimums of f (x), if any, saying where they
occur.

Solution. Note that f is differentiable everywhere. Taking the derivative we have

√ √
f 0 (x) = 4x3 − 2x = 2x( 2x − 1)( 2x + 1).

So the critical points of f are 0 and ± √12 . A sign table now shows that f has local
minimums at x = ± √12 and a local maximum at x = 0. 

(iii) Does f (x) have an absolute maximum or an absolute minimum? Explain.

Solution. f does not have an absolute √

maximum since limx→±∞ f (x) = +∞.
f has an absolute minimum at x = ±1/ 2. This√ follows
 from
√ the√facts
 that:
(1) f has an absolute minimum at x = ±1/ 2 on −1/ 2, 1/ 2 (by checking
critical points and endpoints), √
and √
(2) f is decreasing on (−∞, 1/ 2) and increasing on (1/ 2, ∞). 
Q 4 Let f be differentiable on (0, ∞) and continuous on [0, ∞). Suppose f 0 (x) = f (x/2)
for all x > 0 and f (0) = 1. Show that if f (b) = 0 for some b > 0, then there is a such
that 0 < a < b and f (a) = 0. (Hint: You may need the mean value and the intermediate
value theorems.)

Solution. Applying the MVT on [0, b] we conclude that there is c such that 0 < c < b
and:
f (b) − f (0) 0−1 1
= = − = f 0 (c) = f (c/2),
b−0 b b
where in the last equality we employed the assumption on f . But now f (c/2) = −1/b < 0
because b > 0, and f (0) = 1 > 0. Then the Intermediate Value Theorem applies to f on
[0, c/2] where f is given to be continuous. Thus, there is a such that 0 < a < c/2 and
f (a) = 0. Observe that 0 < c/2 < c < b, and hence 0 < a < b as desired. 
Q 5 Find the following integrals.
Z
dx
(i) .
(x + 4x + 5)2
2

Solution. Completing the square: (x2 + 4x + 5)2 = ((x + 2)2 + 1)2 . Let us call the integral
I. So: Z
dx
I= .
((x + 2)2 + 1)2
Put x + 2 = tan θ so that dx = sec2 θdθ. We have then:
sec2 θ
Z Z Z
2 1 + cos 2θ θ sin 2θ
I= dθ = cos θdθ = dθ = + +C
(sec2 θ)2 2 2 4
θ sin θ cos θ
= + + C.
2 2
Since tan θ = x+2 we form a right-triangle with the opposite right-side lengthp x+2 and the
adjacent right-side length 1 so that the hypotenuse length is calculated as 1 + (x + 2)2 =
√
x2 + 4x + 5. This gives:
x+2 1 x+2
sin θ cos θ = √ √ = 2 .
2 2
x + 4x + 5 x + 4x + 5 x + 4x + 5
Consequently:
arctan(x + 2) 1 x+2
I= + 2
+ C.
2 2 x + 4x + 5
Z 1 
(ii) x2 arctan(x)dx.
0

Solution. Call the corresponding indefinite integral I. We first use integration by parts
via: x2 dx = dv and u = arctan x. Therefore x3 /3 = v and du = dx/(1 + x2 ). Now by
integrating by parts:
x3 arctan x 1 x3
Z
I= − dx.
3 3 1 + x2
To find the second anti-derivative we perform a polynomial division:
x3 x
= x − .
1 + x2 1 + x2
With this, the second anti-derivative above is found as:
x3 x2 ln(1 + x2 )
Z Z
x
dx = x − dx = − .
1 + x2 1 + x2 2 2
Combining (not forgetting the 1/3 factor) we receive:
x3 arctan x x2 ln(1 + x2 )
I= − + + C.
3 6 6
Turning to the definite integral, substituting the boundaries we obtain
Z 1
1 π 1 ln 2 π − 2 + 2 ln 2
= − + = .
0 34 6 6 12

Q 6 Do the following converge or diverge? Explain.
∞
X sin2 (en )
(i) .
n=0
2n

Solution.
sin2 (en ) 1
0≤ n
≤ n.
2 2
2−n
P
The series n≥0 converges, hence the given sum converges. 

∞
X n!
(ii) .
n=1
nn

Solution. Letting an be the general term of the series, we observe an ≥ 0 and apply the
ratio test:
an+1 (n + 1)! nn  n n (n + 1)!  n n
= = = .
an (n + 1)n+1 n! n + 1 (n + 1)n! n+1
We need lim an+1 /an . To calculate this we consider for x ≥ 1:
 x x
lim [1∞ ].
x→∞ x + 1

Taking log and writing:

x
ln x+1
lim [0/0].
x→∞ 1/x

Use L’h. we have:

1
x(x+1) x2
lim = lim − = −1.
x→∞ −1/x2 x→∞ x(x + 1)
Thus:  n n  x x
lim = lim = e−1 < 1.
n→∞ n + 1 x→∞ x + 1

The series converges by the ratio test. 

Z ∞
dx
(iii) .
1 x(1 + (ln x)2 )

Solution. Letting ln x = t so that dx/x = dt and 1 7→ 0 and ∞ 7→ ∞ we get:

Z ∞ Z ∞
dx dt
2
= : converges.
1 x(1 + (ln x) ) 0 1 + t2
The integral converges. 
Q 7 Find the interval of convergence of the power series:
∞
X ln n n
(−1)n x .
n=2
n

Solution. Call the general term an . Then:

|an+1 | ln(n + 1) n
= |x|.
|an | ln n n + 1
n
By the observation n+1
→ 1 as n → ∞ we have:

ln(n + 1) n ln(n + 1)
lim |x| = lim |x|.
n→∞ ln n n + 1 n→∞ ln n
ln(x+1)
Now since ln x
behaves like [∞/∞] as x → ∞ we apply L’h.:
1
x+1
lim = 1.
x→∞ 1
x

We have:
ln(n + 1) n
lim |x| = |x| < 1,
n→∞ ln n n + 1
for convergence. The series converges absolutely on (−1, 1). Checking the endpoints, first
put x = 1:
∞
X ln n
(−1)n ,
n=2
n
which converges by the alternating series test since ln n/n → 0 and it is decreasing. At
x = 1 the series is: ∞
X ln n
,
n=2
n
which diverges by the comparison ln n/n > 1/n for n ≥ 3. Note that the terms are all
non-negative.
The interval of convergence is (−1, 1].