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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES ~, (~'" ,2,H7,

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
MANILA

'f'lAR 1 0 2006

)
) SUBJECT: Use of Cellulose Fiber (Technocel
) 1004/T opcel) as Additive to Stone
.~./~.4) Mastic Asphalt (SMA)

In line with the continuing efforts to upgrade the construction technology

thru the adoption of successful research studies, this Department has approved
the use of Cellulose Fiber (Technocel 1004/Topcel) as Additive to Stone Mastic
Asphalt (SMA), to absorb the excess binder and to improve the properties of the
asphalt mix subject to its specifications hereto attached. A Certificate of
Conditional Approval had been issued by this Department, accrediting the use of
Cellulose Fiber (Technocel 1004/T opcel) in DPWH projects from May 2003 until
May 2008.

This order takes effect immediately.

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WIN6U00075
 DEPARTMENT ORDER
No.l..9.. Seriesof 2006
ANNEX Page 1 of?

SPECIFICATION FOR
STONE MASTIC ASPHALT (SMA)
Description

The Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a gap graded hot mix asphalt surface
course laid on the proposed base in accordance with this specification and in
conformity with the lines, grades and typical cross-section shown in the plan within
the tolerances specified or established by the Engineer.

Materials Requirements

Composition and Quality of Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixture

The Stone Mastic Asphalt shall be composed of high proportion of coarse

aggregates, fine aggregates, mineral filler and a bituminous material mixed in a
central plant. A pure cellulose fiber (Technocel1 OO4ITopcel)which is non-polymer
and non-bitumen coated type may be added to the mix to absorb the excess
binder and to improve the properties of the asphalt mix.

At least three 'Weeksprior to construction, the Contractor shall submit in

writing a job mix formula for each mixture supported by laboratory test data along
with samples and sources of the components and viscosity-temperature
relationships information to the Engineer for testing and approval.

Each job-mix formula submitted shall propose definite single values for:

1. The percentage of aggregate passing each specified sieve size.

2. The percentage of binder material to be added.

3. The temperature of the mixture delivered on the road.

4. The kind and percentage of additive to be used.

5. The kind and percentage of mineral filler to be used.

After the job-mix is established all mixtures furnished for the project shall
conform thereto within the following ranges of tolerances:
 DEPARTMENT ORDER
No.-l9. Seriesof 2006
ANNEX Page 2 of 7

Permissible Variation from JMF (%)

Aggregate Fraction Individual Results Average of Three
Consecutive Results
Coarser than 2.36 mm ±5 ±3
2.36 mm - 0.075 mm ±3 ±2
±0.5 ±0.3
I ~i.~der_Conte:t______

Should a change in source of material be proposed or should Stone Mastic

Asphalt particle size distribution and asphalt content prove unsatisfactory, a new
job-mix formula shall be submitted By the Contractor in writing and be approved
by the Engineer prior to production.

Approval of a new job-mix formula may require laboratory testing and

verifICation..

The mixture shall have a minimum dry compressive strength of 1.4 MPa
(200 psi).

The mixture shall have an index of retained strength of not less than 70
when tested by AASHTO 165. For aggregates having a maximum sizes over 25
mm (1 inch), AASHTO 165 will be modified to use 150 mm x 150 mm (6x6 inches)
cylindrical specimens. The 150 mm (6 inches) cylinders will be compacted by the
procedures outlined in AASHTO T 167 modified to employ 10 repetitions of a
molding load of 9.6 MPa (1400 psi), with no appreciable holding time after each
application of the full load.

Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixture

The kind of gap graded bituminous mixture to be used will be as called for
in the Bill of Quantities while the type and grade will be specified in the special
provisions. The grade may be changed one step by the Engineer at no change in
unit price. The bituminous material shall be asphalt cement or modified bitumen
and shall conform to the applicable requirements of Item 702, Bituminous
Materials.

Coarse Aggregates

coarse aggregates retained on the 4.75 mm (No.4) sieve shall be crushed

stone/rock, crushed slag and unless otherwise stipulated, shall conform to the
quality requirements of AASI-fTO M 79-74. It shall conform to the applicable
requirements of Section 703.5: 1, Course Aggregates of Item 703.

2
DEPARTMENTORDER
No.-l2. Seriesof 2006
ANNEX Page3 of 7

Fine Aggregates

Fine aggregates passing the 4.75 mm (No.4) sieve shall consist of natural
sand, stone, stone screenings or slag screenings or a combination thereof and
unless stipulated shall conform to the quality requirements of AASHTO M 29
(ASTM 0 1073). It shall conform to the applicable requirements of Section
703.5.2, Fine Aggregates of Item 703.

Recommended Gradation Target Value Ranges

Grading 'A' Grading '8'

Maximum Aggregate 19.0 mm (314") 9.60 mm (31S")

Sieve Designation, mm Passing, % Passing, %

19.00 (3/4 inch) 90-100 100

12.5 (1/2 inch) 55-85 100

9.5 (3/8 inch) 90-100

4.75 (No.4) 30-50

2.36 (No.8) 18-35 20-30

0.60 (No. 30)

0.30 (No. 50)

0.075 (No. 200) 3-13 8-13

0.02 3

Binder Asphalt Content

% by Weight of Mix 4.5-6.5 5.5-7.0

Voids in Mix 4.0-8.0 3.0-5.0

Cellulose fibers (Technocel 0.3-0.4 0.3-0.4

1004/Topcel)

Layer Depth (mm) 50 .50

3
DEPARTMENT ORDER
No. ..l.9. Series of 2006
ANNEX Page 4 of 7

Stabilizing Additives

Cellulose fibers (Technocel 1004ffopcel) may be used as additives to

Stone Mastic Asphalt to inhibit the loss of bituminous binder by drainage from the
aggregate. The Technocel 1004fTopcei is a pure cellulose fiber, in pellets form
shall conform to the following data sheet:

a. Appearance Grey cylindrical fiber pellets

b. Residue on I

c. Moisture Content %

d. Ph Value %

e. 25 a rox.)

f. Bitumen/Pol mer Content % o

Cellulose Fiber

h. Sieve Analysis
(Alpine Air Draught Sieve)
< 800 um(%)
< 200 um(%)
< 32 um %

Mineral Filler

Mineral filler shall be the fraction of fine aggregates that predominantly

passes the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve. It may consists of finely divided mineral
matter such a rock dust, slag dust, hydrated lime, hydraulic cement, fly ash or
other suitable mineral matteLlt shall be free from organic impurities and at the
time of use, shall be sufficiently dry to flow freely and shall be essentially free from
agglomerations. It shall conform to the applicable requirements of Item 703-A,
Mineral Filler.

Proportioning of Mixture

The proportion of bituminous materials, on the basis of total dry aggregate,

shall be from 5.0 to 8.0 mass percent. The exact percentage to be used shall be
fixed by the Engineer in accordance with job mix formula and other quality control
requirements.

4
 DEPARTMENT ORDER
No. 19 Series of 2006
ANNEX Page 5 of7

Pure cellulose fibers, in pellets form, are usually added to the dry mix
aggregates in the amount of 0.3 to 0.4 percent by weight (3 to 4 kgs. per metric
tonnes) of bituminous mixture. Mineral filler shall be added to the mixture during
the mixing operation in the amount of one-half to one (0.5 to 1.0) mass percent,
dry aggregate basis. The lower percentage limit is applicable to aggregates which
are predominantly calcareous.

Construction ReqUirements

The construction requirements shall be in conformance, whenever

applicable, with section 307.3 of Item 307.

Weather Limitations

Bituminous stone mastic plant mix shall not be place on any wet surface or
when weather conditions would prevent the proper handling or finishing of the
bituminous mixtures.

Mixing Procedure with Cellulose Fiber Additives

a. Add the pure cellulose fibers, in pellets form, on the dry mix aggregates
and allow approximately 15 seconds mixing time. It shall be added
through a separate inlet directly into the weigh hopper above the pug-
mill or through an opening in the pug-mill.

b. Add/spray bitumen/asphalt cement

c. The standard wet mixing time shall be observed to ensure adequate

blending with asphalt cement.

Laying

The mixture shall be placed at a temperature of not less than 135°C and a
maximum of 180°C measured in the truck before dumping into the spreader.

The mixture shall be spread and struck off to the grade and elevation
established. Bituminous pavers shall be used to distribute the mixture either over
the entire width or over such partial width at may be practicable.

Compaction

Rolling shall be continued until roller marks are eliminated and a maximum
of at least 97% of the theoretical density has been obtained. After the in-placed

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DEPARTMENTORDER
No. 19 Seriesof 2006
ANNEX Page 6 of 7

density have been achieved, rolling operations. should stop, after at least 8
passes, to avoid migration of asphalt cement and filler to the compacted
pavement.

Vibratory compaction shall only be used after the static rollers have been
applied and when the temperature of the mixture is sufficiently high. Vibratory
rolling shall be limited to a maximum of 3 passes at a mixture temperature of not
less than 100°C.

The newly paved section shall be closed to vehicular traffic until such time
that the temperature lowers to 60-70oC ..

Marshall Mix Design Criteria

Medium Traffic Heavy Traffic

Mix Criteria Surface & Base Surface & Base
Min. Max. Min. Max.

Compaction. no. of blows 50 75

Marshall Stability (N) 5338 8006

fibs.) 1200 - 1800 -
Flow. 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) 8 16 8 14

Air Voids % 3 5 3 5

Voids in Mineral Aaareaate, % - -

Voids filled with asphalt, % 65 78 65 75

Immersion Compression Test For Item 310

Stability. Koa

Dry 1400 min.

Wet -

Index of Retained.Strenath % 70 min.

Dvnamic Stability. pass/mm -

Rate of Deformation, mm/minute -
Oraindown Test, % 0.3% max.

6
DEPARTMENT ORDER
No. 19 Series of 2006
ANNEX Page 7 of?

Method of Measurement

The bituminous mixture (Stone Mastic Asphalt) will be measured by square

meter (sq. m.). The quantity to be paid for shall be the number of square meters of
the mixture placed and compacted in the accepted pavement. No deduction will
be made for the weight of bituminous material in the mixture.

Batch weights will not be permitted as a method of measurement.

Basis of Payment

The accepted quantity shall be paid for at the contract unit price for Stone
Mastic Asphalt Surface Course, Hot-Laid which price shall be full compensation
for furnishing all materials, handling, mixing, hauling, placing, rolling, compacting,
labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete this item of work.

Payment will be made under:

Payment Item Number Description Unit of Measurement

SPL-SMA Stone Mastic Asphalt Square Meter
Surface Course Hot-Laid

References:

1. DPWH Standard Specification for Highways, Bridges and Airports,

Volume II (1995)

2. Specification for Stone Mastic Asphalt Material, New Zealand

Bitumen Contractors Association

3. Research on· stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) with Technocell

1004fTopcei Cellulose Fibers by RDD-BRS-DPWH

7
 \..

Department of Public W orliS and Highways

Product Accreditation Scheme

CERTIFICATE OF CONDITIONAL ApPROVAL

This is to certifY that

Technocell004/Topcel
.
Cellulose Fiber

which is supplied by

Henkel Philivpines. Inc.

3/F Alabang Business Tower.
Acacia Road.·Madrigal Business Park,
Alabang. City ofMuntinlupa

is accredited for use in DPWH projects as an additive to Stone

.Mastic Asphalt (SMA), subject to the specifications for Stone
Mastic Asphalt (hereto attached) as well as the provisions of
DPWH DepartInent Order No. 189, series of2002.

This Accreditation shall remain in force until expiry date

printed below, subject to compliance with the provisions of the
aforementioned Department Order.

Conditional Approval No. : 001

Date Issued : May 2003
Expiry Date : May 2008

FLORA~');)UEZ
ACTING SecretaryV