IB History Paper 2 – Everything that has ever been asked.

NB. There are two May exam papers taken in different global time zones and also for November from 2023.

7. Industrialisation 8. Independence Movements 10. Authoritarian States 11. Warfare 12. Cold War
May 2017 “Industrialization was entirely Compare and contrast the “The conditions in which “The influence of foreign powers To what extent did economic
the result of technological methods used to achieve authoritarian states emerged determined the outcome of 20th interests rather than ideology
development.” Discuss with independence in two states, were mainly determined by century civil wars.” Discuss with lead to the breakdown of the
reference to two countries, each each from a different region. economic factors.” Discuss with reference to two wars. grand alliance between 1943 and
from a different region. reference to two authoritarian 1949?
“Political problems were the states. “The effects of war on the role
Evaluate the social and political most serious challenge to new and status of women were Evaluate the impact of Cold War
impact of industrialization in states in the first 10 years of Compare and contrast the mostly beneficial.” Discuss with tensions on two countries
one country. independence.” Discuss with methods used to maintain power reference to two wars. (excluding the USSR and the US)
reference to two states. in two authoritarian states, each
from a different region
Nov 2017 To what extent did To what extent did external To what extent did economic Evaluate the impact of the “Confrontation rather than
industrialization in two countries factors rather than internal factors contribute to the mobilization of human and reconciliation ended the Cold
rely upon developments in factors contribute to the growth emergence of two authoritarian economic resources upon the War.” Discuss with reference to
transportation? of two independence states, each from a different outcome of one 20th-century the period from 1980 to 1991.
movements? region? war.
Discuss the impact of Evaluate the impact of two
urbanization on two “Strong leadership was essential “The maintenance of power was Evaluate the impact of two leaders, each from a different
industrialized states. to the success of independence dependent on the successful 20th-century wars on the role region, on the course of the Cold
movements.” Discuss with control of opposition.” Discuss and status of women. War
reference to two independence with reference to two
movements, each from a authoritarian leaders
different region.
May 2018 Evaluate the significance of Compare and contrast the Compare and contrast the Evaluate the importance of “Ideology was the main factor
mass production in two importance of nationalism to importance of propaganda to guerrilla warfare to the outcome that led to the emergence of
countries, each from a different two independence movements, the emergence of two of two 20th-century wars. superpower rivalry between
region. each from a different region. authoritarian states. 1943 and 1949.” Discuss.
With reference to one 20th-
Discuss the impact of “Successful independence “The domestic policies of century war, compare and Compare and contrast the
industrialization on labour movements were dependent on authoritarian states rarely contrast the political causes of two Cold War crises,
conditions in two countries. skillful and persuasive leaders.” benefitted women.” Discuss repercussions for two countries. each from a different region
Discuss with reference to two with reference to two
independence movements. authoritarian states
May 2018 Evaluate the significance of Compare and contrast the Compare and contrast the Examine the long- and short- “Economic problems between
mass production in two importance of nationalism to importance of propaganda to term causes of one 20th-century 1980 and 1991 were the most
countries, each from a different two independence movements, the emergence of two war. significant reason for the end of
region. each from a different region. authoritarian states. the Cold War.” To what extent
With reference to one 20th- do you agree with this
Compare and contrast the To what extent did one state, in To what extent was century war, compare and statement?
impact of industrialization on the first ten years following authoritarian control achieved in contrast the political
the standards of living in two independence, effectively two 20th-century states? repercussions for two countries. Compare and contrast the
countries. impact of two leaders, each
 respond to social and economic from a different region, on the
challenges? development of the Cold War
Nov 2018 Evaluate how important human “Religion was an important Examine the impact of the Discuss the importance of “Superpower rivalry in Europe
and natural resources were to factor in the development of foreign policy of two technological developments to and Asia between 1943 and 1949
the industrialization of one independence movements.” authoritarian states on the the outcome of two 20th- led to the breakdown of the
country. With reference to two maintenance of power in those century wars, each from a grand alliance.” To what extent
independence movements, each states. different region. do you agree with this
Examine the impact of from a different region, to what statement?
industrialization on political extent do you agree with this “Social and economic policies in “Territorial changes were the
representation in two countries. statement? authoritarian states did not most significant consequence of Discuss the impact of two Cold
always achieve their aims.” war.” Discuss with reference to War crises, each from a
Evaluate how effectively two Discuss with reference to one two wars. different region, on the
states responded to the authoritarian state. development of superpower
challenges they faced in the first tensions
10 years of independence.
May 2019 Discuss the view that the “External factors had the most “The use of force was the most “Foreign powers did not To what extent did the policy of
production of iron and steel was significant impact on the growth important method used to determine the outcome of civil peaceful co-existence improve
the most important factor in the of independence movements.” maintain power in authoritarian wars.” Discuss with reference to superpower relations up to and
industrialization of two Discuss with reference to two states.” Discuss with reference two civil wars, each from a including 1964?
countries. independence movements. to two authoritarian states. different region.
“The impact of Cold War
“The most significant effect of “Political problems were not a Compare and contrast the Examine the effects of the tensions was mainly economic.”
the growth of cities and significant challenge to new impact of the policies of two peacemaking processes that Discuss with reference to two
factories was social change.” states in the first 10 years of authoritarian states on women. followed two 20th-century wars. countries (excluding the USSR
Discuss with reference to two independence.” With reference and the US)
countries, each chosen from a to two new states, to what
different region. extent do you agree with this
statement?
May 2019 “Developments in energy and With reference to two “Control of opposition was the “Foreign powers did not “China’s relations with the USSR
power had the most significant independence movements, to most important method used to determine the outcome of civil and the US were largely shaped
role in the process of what extent was violence an maintain power in authoritarian wars.” Discuss with reference to by increasing mistrust and
industrialization.” Discuss with important method of achieving states.” Discuss with reference two civil wars, each from a suspicion.” Discuss with
reference to two countries. independence? to two authoritarian states. different region. reference to the period between
1947 and 1979.
“The most significant effect of “Political problems were not a Compare and contrast the With reference to two 20th-
the growth of cities and significant challenge to new impact of the policies of two century wars, each from a “The actions of individual
factories was social change.” states in the first 10 years of authoritarian states on women. different region, compare and leaders had a significant impact
Discuss with reference to two independence.” With reference contrast the effects of war on on the development of the Cold
countries, each chosen from a to two new states, to what the role and status of women. War.” Discuss with reference to
different region. extent do you agree with this two leaders, each from a
statement? different region
Nov 2019 “The most significant Examine the importance of Compare and contrast the Discuss the impact of guerrilla Evaluate the impact of detente
development of industrialization nationalism in the rise of two importance of the use of force warfare on the outcome of two upon US-USSR relations up to the
was improved communications.” independence movements, each on the emergence of two 20th century wars. end of 1979.
Discuss with reference to two from a different region. authoritarian states, each from
countries. a different region. “Territorial changes were the “Ideology was the most
Discuss the importance of most significant challenge to important cause of Cold War
leadership in the success of two successful peacemaking.” crises.” Discuss with reference
 Discuss the impact of independence movements, each Evaluate the impact of domestic Discuss with reference to the to two Cold War crises, each
industrialization on the from a different region. economic policies on the effects of two 20th century from a different region
standards of living in two maintenance of power in two wars.
countries. authoritarian states, each from
a different region.
Nov 2020 Evaluate the significance of Discuss the importance of social Compare and contrast the use of “Territorial disputes were the To what extent was the arms
individuals to the origins of and economic factors in the rise force in the maintenance of main cause of wars.” Discuss race the most important reason
industrialization in two of one independence movement, power in two authoritarian with reference to two wars, for the end of the Cold War
countries. up to the point of states. each chosen from a different (1980-1991)?
independence. region.
Examine the impact of “Authoritarian states had total Examine the economic impact of
developments in transportation Discuss the effectiveness of control over the population.” Discuss the impact of the the Cold War on two countries,
on the industrialization of two responses to political problems With reference to two states, to mobilization of human and each chosen from a different
countries. during the first ten years of what extent do you agree with economic resources on the region
independence in two states, this statement? outcome of two wars.
each chosen from a different
region.
May 2021 Evaluate the significance of Evaluate the role of war as a “The treatment of opposition “The most important causes of Evaluate the factors which led
developments in energy and cause for the rise of two was the most important factor in war were economic.” With to detente between the US and
power to industrialization in two independence movements, each the maintenance of power. reference to two wars, to what USSR between 1971 and 1979.
countries. from a different region. Discuss with reference to two extent do you agree with this
authoritarian states, each from statement? Discuss the impact of two Cold
“Opposition to industrialization Evaluate the factors, excluding a different region. War crises on superpower
was limited.” Discuss with leadership, that led to the “Changes to the role and status rivalry.
reference to two countries, each success of one independence “Full authoritarian control could of women as a result of war
from a different region. movement. not be achieved.” With were limited.” Discuss with
reference to two states, to what reference to two wars, each
extent do you agree with this from a different region.
statement?
May 2021 “The exploitation of natural Evaluate the importance of Evaluate the impact of foreign “The most important causes of Evaluate the factors which led
resources was the most external factors in the growth of policy on the maintenance of wars were political.” With to detente between the US and
significant contributor to two independence movements, power in two authoritarian reference to two wars, to what USSR between 1971 and 1979.
industrialization.” Discuss with each from a different region. states, each from a different extent do you agree with this
reference to two countries. region. statement? Discuss the impact of two Cold
Evaluate the factors, excluding War crises on superpower rivalry
“Opposition to industrialization leadership, that led to the “Full authoritarian control could “Changes to the role and status
was limited.” Discuss with success of one independence not be achieved.” With of women as a result of war
reference to two countries, each movement. reference to two states, to what were limited.” Discuss with
from a different region. extent do you agree with this reference to two wars, each
statement? from a different region.
Nov 2021 Discuss the importance of “Other factors were more “Propaganda was the key factor Evaluate the importance of “The arms race made the
developments in energy and important than leadership in the in the emergence of foreign influence to the greatest contribution to the
power for industrialization in success of independence authoritarian states.” Discuss outcome of two civil wars. ending of the Cold War.” Discuss
two countries, each chosen from movements.” Discuss with with reference to two states, with reference to the period
a different region. reference to two independence each from a different region. “Political change was the most between 1980 and 1991.
movements. significant short-term effect of
“Changes to leisure were the Evaluate the effectiveness of war.” Discuss with reference to Examine the influence of two
most significant social impact of methods used to control two wars. leaders, each chosen from a
 industrialization.” With Evaluate the effectiveness of opposition in two authoritarian different region, on the
reference to two countries, to responses to economic states, each chosen from a development of the Cold War.
what extent do you agree with challenges in the first ten years different region.
this statement? of independence in two states,
each chosen from a different
region.
May 2022 To what extent was political Discuss the importance of race “Weak political systems were Compare and contrast the long- “Fear, rather than aggression,
stability the main factor which to the origins and rise of the most significant factor in the term causes of two wars. was the main cause of
enabled industrialization in two independence movements in two emergence of authoritarian superpower rivalry between
countries? states. states.” Discuss with reference Examine the impact of foreign 1943 and 1949.” To what extent
to two states. powers on the outcome of two do you agree with this
“Developments in transportation Discuss the responses to civil wars. statement?
were key to industrialization.” challenges faced in the first ten Evaluate the impact of social
Discuss with reference to two years of one independent state. policies in two authoritarian Examine the economic impact of
countries, each chosen from a states. the Cold War on two countries,
different region. each chosen from a different
region.
May 2022 To what extent was political Discuss the importance of race “Weak political systems were Compare and contrast the long- “Fear, rather than aggression,
stability the main factor which to the origins and rise of the most significant factor in the term causes of two wars. was the main cause of
enabled industrialization independence movements in two emergence of authoritarian superpower rivalry between
in two countries? states. states.” Evaluate the impact of guerrilla 1943 and 1949.”
Discuss with reference to two warfare on the outcome of two To what extent do you agree
Examine the impact of “Violent methods were essential states. wars. with this statement?
developments in energy and to the achievement of
power on industrialization in two independence.” Discuss with Evaluate the impact of social Examine the economic impact of
countries, each chosen from a reference to two states. and cultural policies in one the Cold War on two countries,
different region. authoritarian state. each chosen from a different
region.
Nov 2022 Evaluate the significance of Examine the importance of war To what extent did the Compare and contrast the short- Evaluate the cultural impact of
technological developments to to the rise of independence weaknesses of political systems term causes of two wars. the Cold War on two countries,
the origins of industrialization in movements in two states, each lead to the emergence of each chosen from a different
two countries. chosen from a different region. authoritarian states in two Evaluate the short-term political region.
countries, each chosen from a impact of two wars, each chosen
“The impact of industrialization Compare and contrast the different region? from a different region. Evaluate the impact of two
on labour conditions was mainly methods used in achieving crises, each chosen from a
positive.” Discuss with independence in two states To what extent was foreign different region, on the
reference to two countries. policy the most important factor development
in the maintenance of power in of the Cold War.
two authoritarian states?
May 2023 Examine the impact of two key “Violent methods were more To what extent was ideology the Evaluate the impact of With reference to two leaders,
individuals, each chosen from a significant than non-violent most important factor in the technological developments on each from a different region,
different region, upon the methods in achieving emergence of two authoritarian the outcome of two wars, each evaluate their impact on the
origins of industrialization. independence.” Discuss, with states? chosen from a different region. development of the Cold War.
reference to two states.
“The organization of labour was “A successful foreign policy was “The most significant effects of “Cold War crises were mainly
the most effective way to “Economic difficulties were the the most important factor in the war were economic.” Discuss, caused by superpower
improve labour conditions.” most important challenge faced maintenance of power.” Discuss with reference to two wars, aggression.” Discuss, with
Discuss with reference to two in the first ten years of reference
 countries, each chosen from a independence.” Discuss, with with reference to two each chosen from a different to two crises, each chosen from
different region. reference to two states. authoritarian states. region. a different region.
May 2023 Discuss the view that Evaluate the importance of “Economic conditions were the “Economic factors were the “Reconciliation was more
developments in communication nationalism to the development most important factor in the most significant cause of war.” important than confrontation in
were the most important factor of two independence emergence of authoritarian Discuss with reference to two superpower relations.” Discuss
in the industrialization of two movements. states.” Discuss with reference wars,each chosen from a with reference to the period
countries. to two states, each chosen from different region. between 1980 and 1991.
“Social issues were the most a different region.
Evaluate the impact of important challenge faced in the “Peacemaking largely failed.” “Mistrust between the
industrialization on the labour first ten years of Evaluate the importance of With reference to two wars, to superpowers was the most
conditions in two countries. independence.” Discuss, with charismatic leadership to the what extent do you agree with important cause of Cold War
reference to two states, each maintenance of power in two this statement? crises.” Discuss, with reference
chosen from a different region. authoritarian states. to two crises, each chosen from
a different region.
Nov 2023 Evaluate the impact of Evaluate the importance of To what extent did social “The most important causes of “Fear, rather than aggression,
technological developments on external factors in the growth of division contribute to the wars were political.” With was the main cause of
industrialization in two two independence movements, emergence of two authoritarian reference to two wars, to what superpower rivalry between
countries. each chosen from a different states, each chosen from a extent do you agree with this 1943 and 1949.” To what extent
region. different region? statement? do you agree with this
Discuss the social impact of statement?
urbanization on two countries. “Non-violent methods were “The use of force was the most “The most significant effects of
more effective than violent important method used to war were economic.” Discuss Evaluate the impact of two Cold
methods in achieving maintain power in authoritarian with reference to two wars, War crises on superpower rivalry
independence.” states.” Discuss with reference each chosen from a different
Discuss with reference to two to two authoritarian states. region.
states.
Nov 2023 Evaluate the impact of Evaluate the importance of Evaluate the impact of war on Compare and contrast the short- Discuss the social and cultural
technological developments on political ideology in the rise of the emergence of two term causes of two civil wars. impact of the Cold War on two
industrialization in two two independence movements, authoritarian states, each countries, each chosen from a
countries. each chosen from a different chosen from a different region. Discuss the short-term political different region.
region. impact of two wars, each chosen
Discuss the social impact of Evaluate the impact of foreign from a different region. “Superpower rivalry increased as
urbanization on two countries. “Non-violent methods were policy on the maintenance of a result of Cold War crises.”
more effective than violent power in two authoritarian With reference to two crises,
methods in achieving states. each chosen from a different
independence.” Discuss with region, to what extent do you
reference to two states. agree with this statement?