BCS Bangla, Lecture-9

9 †jKPvi evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ B C S wcÖwjwgbvwi ◼ †jKPvi wkU
Lecture Contents
AvaywbK hyM-2
¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvwnwZ¨‡Ki 9 Rb
❑ CkîP›`ª we`¨vmvMi ❑ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
❑ gxi gkviid †nv‡mb ❑ ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
❑ RmxgD`&`xb ❑ `xbeÜz wgÎ ❑ †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ
❑ Kvq‡Kvev` ❑ diiæL Avng`
¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvwnwZ¨‡Ki 9 Rb
ÔkKzšj
Í vÕ iPbvwU we`¨vmvMi gnvKwe Kvwj`vm iwPZ ÔAwfÁvb kKzšj
Í gÕ
CkîP›`ª we`¨vmvMi bvU‡Ki Av‡jv‡K iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †k·wcq‡ii Comedy of Errors
bvUK Aej¤^‡b we`¨vmvMi ÔåvwšÍwejvmÕ iPbv K‡ib|
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ wkím¤§Z M‡`ï RbK ejv nq Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi‡K
we`¨vmvMi iwPZ DcvL¨vbag©x †gŠwjK iPbv ÔcÖfveZx m¤¢vlYÕ (1892)|
(1820-1892)| we`¨vmvM‡ii cvwievwiK Dcvwa Ôe‡›`¨vcva¨vqÕ|
eÜzi Kb¨v ÔcÖfveZxÕi g„Zz¨‡Z ¯§„wZPviY K‡i GwU iwPZ| we`¨vmvMi
ms¯‹…Z K‡jR †_‡K 1839 wLª. gvÎ 19 eQi eq‡m wZwb Ôwe`¨vmvMiÕ
iwPZ e¨vKiY MÖ‡š’i bvg Ôe¨vKiY †KŠgy`xÕ| Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi
Dcvwa cÖvß nb| evsjv M‡`¨ hwZ wPý ev weivg wPý cÖeZ©b K‡ib
m¤úvw`Z cwÎKvi bvg Òme©ïfKixÓ, cÖKvkKvj 1850 mv‡j| 1855
we`¨vmvMi| GwU Bs‡iwR fvlv †_‡K msM„nxZ| evsjv fvlvq eëüZ
mv‡j ¯‹zjMvgx wkï‡ì Rb¨ wj‡Lb ÒeY©cwiPqÓ eBwU, hv K¬vwmK gh©v`v
weivg wP‡ýi msL¨v †gvU 14wU| (‡bvU: evsjv GKv‡Wwgi cÖwgZ evsjv
jvf K‡i|
fvlvi e¨vKiY Abyhvqx evsjv hwZwPý 16wU) we`¨vmvMi cÖ_g Ô‡eZvj
cÂweskwZÕ (1847) iPbvq mv_©K weivgwP‡ýi cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| we`¨vmvM‡ii mgvR ms¯‹viKg~jK MÖš’¸‡jv- weaev weevn cÖPwjZ nIqv
we`¨vmvMi †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡R wkÿKZv K‡ib (1841-1846) 6 DwPZ wKbv GZwØlqK cÖ¯Íve (1855), eû weevn iwnZ nIqv DwPZ wKbv
eQi| wZwb 1846 mv‡j ms¯‹…Z K‡j‡R †hvM †`b, 1858 mv‡j ms¯‹…Z GZwØlqK cÖ¯Íve (1856), evj¨weev‡ni †`vl|
K‡jR †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| cvwievwiK Dcvwa- e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
we`¨vmvMi GKvav‡i †jLK, mgvR ms¯‹viK I wkÿvwe`| wZwb weaev we`¨vmvMi Dcvwa- ms¯‹…Z K‡jR (1839)
weevn Av‡›`vjb bv‡g mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †`b| Zuvi
weivg wPý cÖeZ©b- †eZvj cÂweskwZ (1847) MÖ‡š’
Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j 1856 mv‡j weaev weevn AvBb cÖeZ©b Kiv nq|
we`¨vmvMi iwPZ cÖ_g MÖš’- Ôevmy‡è PwiZÕ (1847 c~e©eZ©x iPbv), GwU Zuvi cÖ_g MÖš’- Ôevmy‡è PwiZÕ (1847)
Abyev`g~jK MÖš’| gnvfvi‡Zi K…òjxjvi GKwU As‡ki Abyev` GwU| Zuvi iwPZ e¨vKiY MÖš’- e¨vKiY †KŠgy`x
Zvi cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ MÖš’ Ô‡eZvj cÂweskwZÕ (1847)| wnw›`fvlvi m¤úvw`Z cwÎKv- me©ïfKix
mvwnwZ¨K jvjyRx iwPZ ÔêZvj ˆcw”PmxiÕ Av‡jv‡K we`¨vmvMi Ô†eZvj
Zv‡K ejv nq- wkím¤§Z M‡`ï RbK|
cÂweskwZÕ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
146 “Your Success Benchmark”

B C S wcÖwjwgbvwi ◼ †jKPvi wkU evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ †jKPvi 9
GK K_vq DËi
1. evsjv M‡`ï RbK †K? 18. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi KZ mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib?
DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi| DËi: 1820 mv‡j|
2. Zuvi cvwievwiK Dcvwa Kx? 19. evsjv M`¨ mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g †kvKMuv_v †KvbwU?
DËi: e‡›`¨vcva¨vq| DËi: cÖfveZx m¤¢vlY|
3. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii cvwievwiK bvg? 20. †Kvb MÖš’ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g evsjv mvwnZ¨ bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv nq|
DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq| DËi: †eZvj cÂweskwZ|
4. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi †Kvb K‡jR †_‡K Ôwe`¨vmvMiÕ Dcvwa jvf 21. 1855 mv‡j we`¨vmvM‡ii †jLv †Kvb eBwU K¬¨vwmK gh©v`v jvf K‡i‡Q?
K‡ib? DËi: eY© cwiPq|
DËi: ms¯‹…Z K‡jR| 22. ÔkKzšÍjvÕ Kvi †jLv/Abyev` MÖš’?
5. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi †Kvb bv‡g ¯^vÿi Ki‡Zb? DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi|
DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª kg©v| 23. evsjv M‡`¨ cÖ_g AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK MÖš’Ñ
6. Ô†e_yb K‡jRÕ Kvi mn‡hvwMZvq cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj? DËi: we`¨vmvMiPwiZ/AvZ¥PwiZ|
DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi| 24. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ wkím¤§Z M`¨ mvwn‡Zï RbK ejv nq Kv‡K?
7. Ôweaev weevnÕ cÖPjb K‡ib †K? DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi|
DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi| 25. Ôweaev weevn AvBbÕ cÖeZ©‡b f~wgKv iv‡Lb †K? KZ mv‡j?
8. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi wK‡mi RbK? DËi: 1856 mv‡j, Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi|
DËi: evsjv M‡`ï| 26. ÔkKzšÍjvÕ iPbvwU †Kvb mvwn‡Zï Av‡jv‡K iwPZ?
9. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †K cÖ_g weivgwP‡ýi eënvi K‡ib? DËi: ms¯‹…Z AwfÁvb kKzšj Í g Aej¤^‡b (Kwe Kvwj`vm)|
DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi|
27. †k·wcqv‡ii ‘Comedy of Errors’ bvUK Aej¤^‡b we`¨vmvMi
10. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii cÖ_g gyw`ªZ MÖš’ †KvbwU?
†Kvb mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡ib?
DËi: †eZvjcÂweskwZ|
DËi: åvwšÍwejvm|
11. Ck¦iP›`ª Zvi †Kvb MÖ‡š’ weivgwP‡ýi mdj cÖ‡qvM K‡ib?
28. we`¨vmvM‡ii cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ MÖš’ †KvbwU? GwU †Kvb mvwn‡Zï
DËi: †eZvjcÂweskwZ|
Av‡jv‡K iPbv K‡ib?
12. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g †gŠwjK MÖš’ †KvbwU?
DËi: †eZvj cÂweskwZ| GwU wnw›` fvlvq jvjøywR iwPZ ÔêZvj
DËi: cÖfveZx m¤¢vlY|
ˆcw”PmxÕ Aej¤^‡b iwPZ|
13. ÔAvZ¥PwiZÕ Kvi †jLv?
DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi| 29. we`¨vmvMi iwPZ `ywU †gŠwjK iPbvi bvg wjLyb?
14. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi iwPZ Ôev½vjv-AwfavbÕ †KvbwU? DËi: cÖfveZx m¤¢vlY, we`¨vmvMi PwiZ|
DËi: kãgÄix| 30. we`¨vmvMi iwPZ e¨vKiY MÖ‡š’i bvg Kx?
15. Ô†ev‡av`qÕ cvVëBwU †K iPbv K‡ib? DËi: e¨vKiY †KŠgy`x| GwU 1853 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq|
DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi| 31. Ôme©ïfKixÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K †K? KZ mv‡j cÖwÎKvwU cÖKvwkZ nq?
16. evsjv fvlvq me©cÖ_g hwZwP‡ýi cÖPjb K‡ib †K? DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi| GwU 1850 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq|
DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi| 32. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi KZ mv‡j †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡R cwÐZ wn‡m‡e
17. evsjv fvlvq weivg wP‡ýi eënvi ïiæ nqÑ †hvM`vb K‡ib?
DËi: 1847 mv‡j| DËi: 1841 mv‡j|
Teacher’s Work
1. cÖ_g mvwnwZ¨K M‡`ï ¯ªóv †K? [45Zg wewmGm]
K ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq L Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi M g„Zz¨Äq we`¨vj¼vi N ew¼gP›`ª PÆcva¨vq Q
2. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi †Kv_vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? [43Zg wewmGm]
K †PŠ‡ewiqv MÖvg, b`xqv L. KuvVvjcvov MÖvg, PweŸk ciMbv
M exiwmsn MÖvg, †gw`bxcyi N. †èvb›`cyi MÖvg, ûMwj R
3. Ôevsjv M‡`ï RbKÕ ejv nq- [31Zg wewmGm]
K DBwjqvg †Kix‡K L ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq‡K M Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi‡K N c¨vixPuv` wgÎ‡K R
4. †KvbwU we`¨vmvM‡ii AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK †jLv? [38Zg wewmGm]
K ¯§„wZ K_vgvjv L AvZ¥PwiZ M AvZ¥K_v N Avgvi K_v Q
“Your Success Benchmark” 147

gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
1. Rb¥: 25 Rvbyqvwi, 1824 wLª.| 4. G Kv‡eï mM©msL¨v (ce©) 9wUÑ
2. g„Zz¨: 1873 mv‡ji 29 Ryb| cÖ_g mM©- Awf‡lK, wØZxq mM©Ñ A¯¿jvf, Z…Zxq mM©Ñ mgvMg,
3. Rb¥¯’vb: h‡kvi †Rjvi †Kkecyi _vbvq mvMiùvwo MÖv‡g| PZz_© mM©Ñ A‡kvK eb, cÂg mM©Ñ D‡`¨vM, lô mM©Ñ ea, mßg
4. g„Zz¨¯’vb: KjKvZvi Avwjcyi nmwcUv‡j gviv hvb| mM©Ñ kw³wb‡f©`, Aóg mM©Ñ †cÖZcyix, beg mM©Ñ msw¯Œqv|
5. wcZvi bvg: gnvgwZ gybkx ivRbvivqY `Ë| 5. Kve¨wU cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ AwgÎvÿi Q‡›` iwPZ|
6. gvZvi bvg: Rvýex †èx| 6. G Kv‡eï welqe¯‘Ñ ivg-ive‡Yi hy‡× iveY cyÎ †gNbv‡ì ea|
7. G Kv‡e¨ exii‡mi cÖvavb¨ i‡q‡Q Ges †k‡l KiæY i‡m cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
gvB‡K‡ji Dcvwa I QÙbvg: 8. G Kv‡e¨ Av‡Q cwiwgwZ‡eva|
1. Dcvwa: gvB‡Kj, evsjv mvwn‡Zï m‡b‡Ui cÖeZ©K, `ËKz‡jv™¢e 9. Kv‡eï bvqK iveY Avi Lj PwiÎ ivgP›`ª| Ab¨vb¨ PwiÎÑ
Kwe, evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g we‡`ªvnx ev wecø‡ei Kwe, AwgÎvÿi †gNbv`, j²Y, cÖgxjv, wefxlY, mxZv, migv BZ¨vw`|
Q‡›ì cÖeZ©K, gnvKwe| 10. †cŠivwYK Kvwnwb‡Z iveY Lj PwiÎ Avi ivg bvqKÑ gvB‡Kj Zuvi
2. QÙbvg: wU‡gvw_ †cbc‡qg, By a Native ÑG bv‡g bxj `c©Y bvUK G Kv‡e¨ †cŠivwYK Kvwnwbi wecixZKiY K‡i m„RbkxjZvi cwiPq
Abyev` K‡ib| w`‡q‡Qb|
11. †gNbvèa Kv‡e¨ exievûi g„Zzï Lei †_‡K †gNbv‡ì nZ¨v,
gvB‡K‡ji wkÿv I wkÿKZv: cÖgxjvi wPZv‡ivnY ch©šÍ wZb w`b `yB iv‡Zi NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
1. 1833 mv‡j KjKvZvi jvjevRvi MÖvgvi ¯‹z‡j fwZ© nb| gvB‡Kj I Zuvi Kve¨:
2. 9 †deªæqvwi, 1837 mv‡j wn›`y K‡j‡R fwZ© nb|
 wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e (cÖKvkKvjÑ 1860 wLª.)
3. 1848 mv‡j gv`ªv‡Ri Ô†gj Ajd¨vb A¨vmvBjvmÕ G Bs‡iwR wkÿK
1. GwU evsjv fvlvq iwPZ AwgÎvÿi Q‡›` cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’|
wn‡m‡e PvKwi jvf K‡ib|
2. G Kv‡e¨ mM© msL¨v 4wU| GwU Kvwnwb Kve¨|
4. 1862 mv‡j we‡jZ Mgb K‡i e¨vwi÷vwi cov ïiæ K‡ib|
3. wZ‡jvËgv‡K wN‡i my›` Dcmy‡›ì Ø›ØB n‡”Q G Kv‡eï cÖwZcv`¨|
gvB‡Kj wK‡m Ges †Kv_vq cÖ_g: 4. cÙveZx bvU‡Ki wØZxq A‡¼ me©cÖ_g AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì cÖ‡qvM
1. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g AvaywbK Kwe gvB‡Kj| NUv‡bv n‡jI wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e Kv‡e¨B cÖ_g AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì c~Y©Zv
†`Lv hvq|
2. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g we‡`ªvnx ev wecøex †jLK gvB‡Kj|
3. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g AvaywbK bvU¨Kvi gvB‡Kj|  eªRv½bv
4. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K Uªv‡RwW bvUK iPwqZv gvB‡Kj| 1. eªRv½bvi cÖKvkKvjÑ 1861 wLª.|
5. cÖ_g (cÖeZ©K) AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì iPwqZv gvB‡Kj| 2. AwgÎvÿi Q‡›` iwPZ êòe c`vewji Abymi‡Y iwPZ Kve¨|
6. cÖ_g cÖnmb iPwqZv gvB‡Kj| 3. Kve¨wU‡Z Av‡Q ivavi wei‡ni Kvwnwb| GwU Ode (IW) RvZxq ev
7. wZwbB cÖ_g cÖvP¨ I cvðvZ¨ avivi mswgkÖ‡Y mv_©K gnvKve¨ iPbv K‡ib| MxwZKweZv|
8. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K gnvKve¨ iPwqZv gvB‡Kj|  exiv½bv
9. wZwbB cÖ_g evsjv mvwn‡Zï mv_©K m‡bU iPbv K‡ib| 1. cÖKvkKvjÑ 1862 wLª.
10. wZwbB me©cÖ_g bvU‡K AwgÎvÿvi Q‡›ì cÖ‡qvM NUvb| 2. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GwUB cÖ_g cÎKve¨|
3. hv cÎ AvKv‡i †jLv nq ZvB n‡”Q cÎKve¨|
gvB‡K‡ji cÖ_g iPbv: 4. BZvjxq (†ivgvb) Kwe cvewjmvm IwfwWqvm b¨v‡mv ms‡ÿ‡c
1. gvB‡K‡ji iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g MÖš’Ñ The Captive Lady Awf`-Gi Heroides (†n‡ivB`vB`m) Kv‡eï Av`k© Abymi‡Y
(1849)| 11wU c~Y©c‡Î 11Rb bvixi eY©bv i‡q‡Q exiv½bv Kve¨wU‡Z|
2. Zuvi evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g MÖš’Ñ kwg©ôv (1859)| 5. AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì mv_©K cÖ‡qvM N‡U‡Q G Kv‡e¨|
3. gvB‡K‡ji cÖ_g AwgÎvÿi Q‡›` iwPZ Kve¨MÖš’Ñ wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e 6. gvB‡Kj Zuvi G Kve¨wU we`¨vmvMi‡K DrmM© K‡ib|
(1860)|  PZz`©kc`x KweZvejx (cÖKvkKvjÑ 1866 wLª.)
4. gvB‡K‡ji cÖ_g m‡bUÑ e½fvlv| 1. GwU gvB‡K‡ji cÖ_g m‡bU Kve¨MÖš’|
2. G Kv‡e¨ †gvU 102wU m‡bU Av‡Q|
gvB‡Kj I gnvKve¨Ñ 3. †cÎvK©, wgëb Ges †k·wcq‡ii m‡bU Abymi‡Y gvB‡Kj evsjv
1. Zuvi GKgvÎ gnvKve¨Ñ Ô†gNbvèaÓ| m‡bU ev ÔPZz`©kc`x KweZvejxÕ iPbv K‡ib|
2. †gNbvèa Kv‡eï cÖKvkKvjÑ 1861 wLª.| 4. Zuvi me¸‡jv m‡bU Aÿie„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ (Zuvi †Kvb m‡bUB
3. GwU evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g I GKgvÎ mv_©K gnvKve¨| AwgÎvÿi Q‡›` iwPZ bq)|
5. gvB‡K‡ji PZy`©kc`x KweZvejx n‡”Q evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g m‡bU 4. bvU‡Ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ PwiÎÑ kwg©ôv, c~wY©gv, hRvwZ, †èhvbx,
Kve¨MÖš’| gvae¨, ivRgš¿x|
6. gvB‡Kj Zuvi AwaKvsk m‡bU iPbv K‡ib d«v‡Ýi fvm©vB bMix‡Z 5. G bvUKwU gnvKwe Kvwj`vm‡K DrmM© Kiv nq|
e‡m|
bvUK m¤úwK©Z cÖ_gÑ
7. m‡b‡Ui `ywU Ask:
* cÖ_g AvU jvBb n‡”Q AóKÑ GLv‡b fv‡ei D`q N‡U| cÖ_g bvUK/cÖ_g
* †kl Qq jvBb n‡”Q lUKÑ GLv‡e fv‡ei cwiYwZ N‡U| †gŠwjK bvUK/ cÖ_g f`ªvRy©b (1852) ZvivPiY wkK`vi
8. gvB‡K‡ji cÖ_g m‡bU e½fvlvi cÖ_g `ywU jvBbÑ K‡gwW bvUK
Ò†n e½, fvÐv‡i Ze wewea iZb; cÖ_g mv_©K bvUK kwg©ôv (1859) gaym~`b `Ë
Zv m‡e (A‡eva Avwg!) Ae‡njv Kwi, cÖ_g Uªv‡RwW/ †gŠwjK KxwZ©wejvm
†hv‡M›`ªP›`ª ¸ß
9. gvB‡K‡ji m‡b‡U gvZ…f‚wg I gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi †cÖgvbyf‚wZ Uªv‡RwW (1852)
RvMÖZ n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g mv_©K Uªv‡RwW K…òKzgvix
gaym~`b `Ë
 †n±iea: (†kÖô bvUK) (1861)
1. gvB‡Kj iPbvwU 1867 mv‡j ïiæ K‡i wKš‘ 1871 mv‡ji 1  cÙveZx (cÖKvkKvjÑ 1860 wLª.)
†m‡Þ¤î Amgvß Ae¯’v‡ZB GwU cÖKvwkZ nq| 1. cÙveZx bvU‡K gvB‡Kj cÖ_g AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì cÖ‡qvM NUvb|
2. GwU †nvgv‡ii ÔBwjqvWÕ gnvKv‡eï cÖ_g K‡qKwU m‡M©i M‡`¨ 2. cÖ_g mv_©K K‡gwW bvUK|
iwPZ e½vbyev`| 3. bvU‡Ki fvlvixwZ cÖavbZ M`¨|
3. wMÖK fvlvq †nvgv‡ii iPbv †_‡K evsjvq Abyev‡ì GwUB 4. wMÖK cyiv‡Yi weL¨vZ Mí Apple of Discord Aej¤^‡b wn›`y
gvB‡K‡ji cÖ_g cÖ‡Póv| †cŠivwYK auv‡P cÙveZx bvUKwU iwPZ|
4. Gi DcRxe¨ n‡jv Ô†nvgv‡ii BwjqvWÕ bvgK Kv‡eï DcvL¨vbfvM|
 K…òKzgvix:
5. †n±iea MÖš’wU f‚‡è gy‡Lvcva¨vq‡K DrmM© Kiv n‡qwQj|
1. cÖKvkKvjÑ 1861 wLª.
 The Captive Lady:
2. GwU gvB‡K‡ji †kÖô bvUK|
1. cÖKvkKvjÑ 1849 wLª.|
3. GwU evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K Uªv‡RwW bvUK|
2. GwU gvB‡K‡ji Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’|
4. GwU evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g HwZnvwmK bvUK|
3. GLv‡b Captive kãwU‡K e›`x wn‡m‡e eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
5. GB bvU‡K Bs‡iR †jLK †k·wcq‡ii cÖfve i‡q‡Q|
gvB‡Kj I Zuvi cÖnmb: 6. G bvU‡Ki Kvwnwb DBwjqvg U‡Wi ÔivR¯’vbÕ bvgK MÖš’ †_‡K †bqv
 Ôey‡ov mvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iuvÕ : n‡q‡Q|
1. cÖnmbwU iwPZ nq 1859 mv‡j Ges cÖKvwkZ nq 1860 mv‡j| 7. bvUKwU 1961 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nevi 7 eQi ci 1967 mv‡ji
2. GwU evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g cÖnmb| †deªæqvwi gv‡m †kvfvevRvi bvU¨g‡Â gÂ¯’ nq|
3. cÖ_‡g GB cÖnm‡bi bvg wQj ÔfMœ wkegw›ìÕ| 8. bvUKwUi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ PwiÎ¸‡jv n‡”QÑ K…òKzgvix, RMrwmsn,
4. †ejMvwQqv w_‡qUv‡i gÂvq‡bi Rb¨ gvB‡Kj GB cÖnmbwU iPbv K‡ib| g`bxKv, ab`vm, fxgwmsn|
5. G cÖnm‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ PwiÎ n‡”QÑ cÂvbb, f³cÖmv`, M`vai, wgj-AwgjÑ
cyuwU, d‡Zgv, nvwbd MvwR, fMx, evP¯úwZ| K…òKzgvix (bvUK) gvB‡Kj gaym~`b
 ÔG‡KB wK e‡j mf¨ZvÕ : K…òPwiZ (cÖeÜ) ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
1. cÖnmbwUi cÖKvkKvjÑ 1860 wLª.| K…òcÿ (MíMÖš’) Ave`yj Mvddvi †PŠayix
2. †ejMvwQqv w_‡qUv‡i Awfb‡qi Rb¨ gvB‡Kj cÖnmbwU iPbv K‡ib| K…òcÿ (Dcb¨vm) ûgvq~b Avn‡g`
3. G bvU‡Ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ PwiÎ n‡”QÑ Kvjxbv_, beKzgvi, wbZw¤^bx, Kb¨vKzgvix (Dcb¨vm) Ave`yi iv¾vK
KZ©vgkvB, cÖmbœgqx, evevRx, c‡qvaix|
 gvqvKvbb (cÖKvkKvjÑ 1874 wLª.)
4. GB cÖnm‡b GK`j hye m¤úª`v‡qi D”Q…•Ljvi w`‡K Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
1. bvUKwU 1873 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q iwPZ n‡jI GwU cÖKvwkZ
gvB‡Kj I Zuvi bvUK: nq Zuvi g„Zzï ci 1874 mv‡j|
 Ôkwg©ôvÕ (iPbvKvjÑ 1859 wLª.) 2. gvB‡Kj †e½j w_‡qUv‡ii mv‡_ m¤ú„³ kirP›`ª †Nv‡li Aby‡iv‡a
1. cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ evsjv bvUK| gvqvKvbb bvUKwU iPbv ïiæ K‡ib wKš‘ bvUKwU iPbv †kl nIqvi
2. cÖ_g mv_©K bvUK| Av‡MB wZwb gviv hvb| c‡i fzebP›`ª gy‡Lvcva¨vq bvUKwUi evwK
3. cwðge‡½ KjKvZvi cvBKcvovi ivRv‡ì Aby‡cÖiYvq Ges Ask iPbv K‡ib|
A_©vbyK‚‡j¨ 3 †m‡Þ¤î, 1859 mv‡j Ôkwg©ôvÕ bvUKwU †ejMvwQqv 3. GwU gvB‡K‡ji iwPZ me©‡kl bvUK Ges †kvKven Z_v Uªv‡RwW
bvU¨g‡Â gÂ¯’ nq| bvUK|
gvB‡Kj I Zuvi Ab~w`Z bvUK: gvB‡K‡ji Bs‡iwR cÖeÜvewj:

 NIL DARPAN (bxj`c©Y) : 1. On Poetry, Etc: GwU K‡jR Rxe‡b iPbv K‡ib|
1. gvB‡Kj `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwU Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib 2. Prize Essay: GwU gvB‡Kj 1842 mv‡j Ôivg‡Mvcvj †Nvl wn›`y
Ges Gi bvg †`b (Nil Darpan or The Indigo Planting Mirror K‡j‡RiÕ QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ ¯¿xwkÿv welqK cÖeÜ iPbv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq
(1861)|
†j‡Lb| G cÖeÜwU wj‡L wZwb cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i ¯^Y©c`K
2. bvUKwUi f‚wgKv †j‡Lb †ifv‡iÛ †Rgm js|
jvf K‡ib|
3. By A Native QÙbv‡g GwU cÖKvk K‡ib|
3. The Anglo-Saxon and the Hindu: GwU gvB‡K‡ji gv`ªv‡R †`qv
 RATNAVALI (iZœvewj):
1. cÖKvkKvjÑ 1858 wLª.| fvlY| 1854 mv‡j GwU cÖKvwkZ nq|
2. †ejMvwQqvi ivRv‡ì A_©vbyK‚‡j¨ Abyev` K‡ib Ges bvUKwU Zuvi m¤úvw`Z cwÎKv:
Abyev` K‡i gvB‡Kj 500 UvKv cvwikÖwgK cvb| 1. Madras Spectator
3. bvUKwU kÖxnl© iwPZ ÔiZœvejxÕ bvU‡Ki Bs‡iwR Abyev`| 2. Hind Patriot
gvB‡Kj I Zuvi weL¨vZ KweZv: 3. Athenaeum
 e½fvlv: 4. Hindu Chronicle
1. e½fvlv KweZvwU gvB‡K‡ji †jLv cÖ_g Ges evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g m‡bU| gvB‡K‡ji weL¨vZ cO&w³:
2. 1860 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î-A‡±ve‡i eÜz ivRbvivqY emy‡K †jLv 1. AjxK KzbvUï‡½, g‡R †jvK iv‡p I e‡½
GKwU wPwV‡Z wZwb cÖ_g GB m‡bU †jLvi K_v e‡jb| ZLb GwUi
wbiwLqv cÖv‡Y bvwn mq| (kwg©ôv : cÖ¯Ívebv)
bvg wQ‡jv ÔKwe-gvZ…fvlvÕ|
3. c‡i wKQz cwiewZ©Z iƒ‡c Ôe½fvlvÕ bv‡g KweZvwU gvB‡K‡ji 2. Rwb¥‡j gwi‡Z n‡e, Agi †K †Kv_v K‡e,
ÔPZz`©kc`x KweZvejxÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ nq| wPiw¯’i K‡e bxi, nvq †i, Rxeb- b‡`? (e½f‚wgi cÖwZ)
4. wZwb d«v‡Ýi fvm©vB bM‡i _vKv Ae¯’vq G m‡bUwU wj‡Lb| 3. EaŸ© wki hw` Zzwg Kzj g‡b a‡b;
5. G m‡bUwU Aÿie„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| KwiIbv N„Yv Ze bxP wki R‡b| (imvj I ¯^Y©jwZKv)
6. e½fvlv KweZvi weL¨vZ cO&w³Ñ
* ÒI‡i evQv gvZ…‡Kv‡l iZ‡bi ivwR, Av‡iv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨
G wfLvix `kv Z‡e †Kb †Zvi AvwR?
* ÒgwRby wedj Z‡c Aei‡Y¨ ewi;Ñ 1. gvB‡Kj †hme fvlvq `ÿ wQ‡jbÑ evsjv, Bs‡iwR, wMÖK, j¨vwUb,
†Kwjby ˆkev‡j, fzwj Kgj-Kvbb! ms¯‹…Z, wneªæ, dviwm, Rvg©vb, BUvwjqvb, Zvwgj I †Z‡j¸|
2. Zuvi iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g evsjv MÖ‡š’i bvgÑ kwg©ôv (bvUK)|
 K‡cvZvÿ b`:
3. gaym~`b wLª÷ag© MÖnY K‡ibÑ 1843 mv‡ji 9 †deªæqvwi| Zuvi eqm
1. KweZvwU gvB‡K‡ji GKwU m‡bU (PZz`©kc`x KweZvejx)
ZLb 19 eQi|
2. GwU gvB‡K‡ji ÔPZz`©kc`x KweZvejxÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z|
4. wZwb gv`ªv‡Ri D‡Ï‡k¨ KjKvZv Z¨vM K‡ibÑ 24 eQi eq‡m|
3. K‡cvZvÿ b` evsjv‡`‡ki `wÿY-cwðgvÂ‡ji h‡kvi, mvZÿxiv I
Lyjbv †Rjvi GKwU b`| 5. wZwb †h cwÎKvi mnKvix m¤úv`K wQ‡jbÑ Madras Spectator|
4. gvB‡Kj Zuvi ˆkke KvwU‡q‡Qb GB b‡ì Zx‡i| 6. gaym~`‡bi cÖ_g c~Y©v½ RxebxMÖ‡š’i bvgÑ ÔgvB‡Kj gaym~ab `‡Ëi
5. wZwb hLb d«v‡Ý wQ‡jb, ˆkk‡ei K_v ¯§iY K‡i ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ RxebPwiZÕ (1893)| wj‡L‡Qb †hvMx›`ªbv_ emy|
bv‡g cÖL¨vZ m‡bUwU iPbv K‡ib| 7. gaym~`‡bi m„wói gv‡n›`ªÿY ejv nqÑ gv`ªvR †_‡K 1856 mv‡j
6. K‡cvZvÿ b` KweZvi weL¨vZ cO&w³Ñ cÖ_g w`‡K KjKvZvq wd‡i 1862 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q
* mZZ Ô†n b`Õ Zzwg co †gvi g‡b gaym~`‡bi we‡jZ Mg‡bi c~e© ch©šÍ mgq‡K|
mZZ †Zvgvi K_v fvwe G wei‡j; 8. wiwRqv n‡jvÑ gvB‡K‡ji Am¤ú~Y© bvUK|
* eû †`‡k †`wL‡qwQ eû b`- `‡j, 9. gvB‡Kj ÔwiwRqvÕ iPbv K‡ibÑ gv`ªv‡R cÖevmKv‡j Bs‡iwR
wKš‘ G †¯œ‡ni Z…òv wg‡U Kvi R‡j?
eø¨vKfv‡m© ‘Rizia : The Empress of India’ iPbv K‡ib| Gi
 wefxl‡Yi cÖwZ †gNbv`: cvÐzwjwc msMÖn K‡i b‡M›`ªbv_ †mvg gay¯§„wZ MÖ‡š’ Gi Askwe‡kl
1. KweZvwU gvB‡K‡ji Ô†gNbvèaÕ Kv‡eï ea bvgK 6ô m‡M©i 520- cÖKvk K‡ib|
570 PiY| 10. gvB‡K‡ji Ab¨vb¨ iPbvÑ †`ªŠc`x ¯^q¤î (1863-64), myf`ªv niY
2. 6ô m‡M©i g~j welq j²‡Yi nv‡Z Ab¨vq hy‡× mvnmx exi †gNbv‡ì
(1863-64), wel bv aby¸b© (1873)|
g„Zz¨|
11. Ôwel bv aby¸Y© n‡jvÑ gvB‡Kj iwPZ AvswkK bvUK|
3. KweZvwU 14 gvÎvi Awgj cÖengvb hwZ ¯^vaxb Aÿie„Ë Q‡›`
iwPZ| 12. Ômyf`ªvÕ n‡jvÑ gvB‡Kj iwPZ GKwU bvU¨Kve¨|
13. gvB‡K‡ji cÖ_g MxwZKweZv n‡jvÑ AvZ¥wejvc|

GK K_vq DËi
1. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ evsjv MÖ‡š’i bvg Kx? 11. gaym~`b `Ë iwPZ cÎKve¨ †KvbwU?
DËi: kwg©ôv (1859)| DËi: exiv½bv|
2. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g m‡bU KweZvi bvg Kx? 12. ÔK…òKzgvixÕ wK ai‡bi bvUK?
DËi: ÔKwe gvZ…fvlvÕ| DËi: HwZnvwmK bvUK|
3. KLb †gNbvèa Kve¨ cÖKvwkZ nq? 13. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë †Kvb kZ‡Ki Kwe?
DËi: 1861| DËi: Ebwesk kZvãx|
4. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë KZ mv‡j wLªóa‡g© `xwÿZ nb? 14. ÔG‡KB wK e‡j mf¨ZvÕ wK ai‡bi iPbv?
DËi: 1943 mv‡j| DËi: cÖnmb|
5. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ Kvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ? 15. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K K‡gwW †KvbwU?
DËi: gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë| DËi: cÙveZx (1860)|
6. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi cÖavb Ae`vb Kx‡m? 16. evsjv mvwn‡Zï mv_©K Uªv‡RwW †KvbwU?
DËi: gnvKv‡e¨| DËi: K…òKzgvix (1861)|
7. Ô`ËKz‡jv¤¢eÕ Kwe †K? 17. Ôm‡bUÕ evsjv A_© Kx?
DËi: gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë| DËi: PZz`k©c`x KweZv|
8. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì cÖeZ©K †K? 18. Ô†gNbvèaÕ Kve¨ Gi mM© msL¨v KqwU?
DËi: gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë| DËi: 9wU|
9. Ô†gNbvèa Kve¨Õ Kvwnbxi Drm †KvbwU? 19. Ôexiv½bvÕ Kve¨ cÖKvwkZ nq?
DËi: ivgvqY| DËi: 1862|
10. Ô†gNbvèa Kve¨Õ Bs‡iRx‡Z Abyev` K‡ib? 20. Ôexiv½bvÕ Kve¨ KqwU cÎ Av‡Q?
DËi: ivRbvivqY emy| DËi: 11wU|
Teacher’s Work
1. KZ mv‡j Ô†gNbvèa Kve¨Õ cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq? [38Zg wewmGm]
K 1852 L 1853 M 1861 N 1864 R
2. †KvbwU gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi cÎKve¨- [36Zg wewmGm]
K eªRv½bv L wejv‡Zi cÎ M exiv½bv N wngvjq R
3. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi Ôexiv½bvÕ †Kvb ai‡bi Kve¨? [31, 12Zg wewmGm]
K gnvKve¨ L cÎKve¨ M MxwZKve¨ N AvL¨vbKve¨ Q
4. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi iPbv bq †KvbwU? [34Zg wewmGm]
K wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e L †gNbvèa Kve¨ M †eZvjcÂweskwZ N exiv½bv R
5. evsjv KweZvq AvaywbKZvi cÖeZ©K †K?
K wenvixjvj L gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë M †`ŠjZ KvRx N PÐx`vm Q
6. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g gnvKwe-
K Kvq‡Kvev` L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi M gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë N AvjvIj R
7. Ôey‡ov kvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †ivuÕ †Kvb RvZxq wkíKg©?
K Dcb¨vm L bvUK M cÖnmb N †QvUMí R
gxi gkviid †nv‡mb (1847-1911)

evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g gymwjg bvU¨Kvi I Jcb¨vwmK gxi gkviid †nv‡mb Dcb¨vm: ÔiZœeZxÕ (1869), ÔD`vmxb cw_‡Ki g‡bi K_vÕ (1885-
(13 b‡f¤î, 1847-19 wW‡m¤î, 1911)|
1891), MvRx wgquvi e¯Ívbx (1899), ivwRqv LvZzb, evav LvZv (1899),
Zuvi QÙbvg ÔMvRx wgquvÕ| wZwb Kzwóqvi jvwnbx cvovq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib
(13 b‡f¤î, 1947)| Zuvi Rxe‡bi AwaKvsk e¨q nq dwi`cyi beve wbqwZ wK AebwZ (1899)|
G‡÷‡U PvKwi K‡i| wZwb KjKvZvq msev` cÖfvKi (1831) I cÖ_g MÖš’: ÔiZœeZxÕ (1869)| GwU GKwU Dcb¨vm| GwU evOvwj gymjgvb
KzgviLvwji MÖvgevZ©v cÖKvwkKv (1863) cwÎKvq gd¯^j mvsevw`‡Ki `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib| GQvovI wZwb AvwRRb‡bnvi (1874) I wnZKvix (1890) iwPZ cÖ_g MÖš’| †jLK G‡K Ô†KŠZzKven Dcb¨vmÕ e‡j‡Qb| Gi
bvgK cwÎKv m¤úv`bv K‡ib| KvOvj nwibv_ Zvi mvwnZ¨¸iæ| welqe¯‘ Ôab eo bv we`¨v eoÕ welq wb‡q weZK©|

Ôwelv` wmÜzÕ (1891): gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi †kÖô iPbv | G Dcb¨v‡mi ‰ewkó¨ : GwU cÖPwjZ †jvKKvwnbxi Dcv`v‡b mg„× bvUK| hyeZx-
g~j DcRxe¨ Kvievjvi welv`gq Kvwnbx| Dcb¨vmwU wZb L‡Ð wef³- wegvZvi hyeK mZxb cy‡Îi cÖwZ mgvR wbwl× AvKl©Y, cÖZ¨vL¨vb
gniig ce©, D×vi ce©, GwRèa ce©| MÖš’wU‡Z bvqK‡K g~j Pwi‡Î dzwU‡q Ges cÖZ¨vL¨vZ wP‡Îi Zxeª cÖwZwµqvq wegvZvi wbôziZv bvU‡Ki
†Zvjvi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q gvB‡K‡ji †gNbv` ea gnvKv‡eï Av`‡j| Kvwnbx| bvU‡Ki cwimgvwß we‡qvMvZ¥K| wZb A¼wewkó I
ÔMvRx wgquvi e¯ÍvbxÕ (1899): Zvi AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK iPbv| G‡Z †jLK GMv‡iv `„k¨ m¤^wjZ bvU‡K i‡q‡Q cÖ¯Ívebvmn †gvU 8wU m½xZ|
wb‡R‡K Ô†fovKvšÍÕ bv‡g D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| MÖš’wU GKwU e¨½vZ¥K iPbv| cÖavb PwiÎ: wegvZv †ieZx, mZxb cyÎ b‡i›`ª, b‡i›`ªi ¯¿x
ew¼‡gi ÔKgjvKv‡šÍi `ßiÕ- Gi QvqvcvZ G‡Z †`Lv hvq| emšÍKzgvix I wcZv ex‡i›`ª wmsn GB PviwU cÖavb PwiÎ AvkÖ‡q
bvUKwU weKwkZ| wegvZv †ieZx PwiÎwU evsjv bvU‡K mvgšÍ
bvUK: gxi gkviid †nv‡mb iwPZ bvUK¸‡jv n‡jv ÔemšÍKzgvixÕ
g~j¨‡eva-jvwjZ e½xq mgv‡R bvixi ¯^vaxb wP‡Ëi cÖ_g iæ`ª
(1873), Rwg`vi `c©Y (1873), †eûjv MxZvwfbq (1889)|
cÖKvk| Avi ÔemšÍKzgvixÕ bvUK Ae‡nwjZ bvix ü`‡q fvivµvšÍ
gxi gkviid †nv‡mb iwPZ cÖnmb¸‡jv n‡jv- ÔGi Dcvq wKÕ (1875),
mvgšÍ mgv‡Ri Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ_g we‡`ªvn| bvgKi‡Y ew¼‡gi
ÔfvB fvB GB †Zv PvBÕ (1899)|
K…òKzgvix bvU‡Ki Qvqv i‡q‡Q|
Kve¨MÖš’: †MvivB weªR (1873), cÂbvix (1899), †gvm‡jg exiZ¡ 2. Rwg`vi `c©Y (1873) : gymjgvb PwiÎ Aej¤^‡b iwPZ cÖ_g bvUK
(1907), †cÖg cvwiRvZ (1899), gw`bvi †MŠie, evRxgvr|
ÔRwg`vi `c©YÕ| K…lK‡ì Rxe‡b Rwg`vi †h KZUzKz Awfkvc n‡q
cÖeÜ: †Mv Rxeb (1889), wewe Kzjmyg (1890), Avgvi Rxebx|
†`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i ZviB cÖvgvY¨ wPÎ G bvU‡K Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q|
†Mv Rxeb MÖ‡š’ †Mv nZ¨v AbywPZ gZ cÖKvk Kivq gvgjvq Rwo‡q c‡ob
AZ¨vPvix I PwiÎnxb Rwg`vi nvIqvb Avjxi AZ¨vPvi Ges K…lK
Ges c‡i ag©xq †gŠjev`x‡ì cÖej Pv‡ci gy‡L wZwb MÖš’wU cÖZ¨vnvi K‡ib|
Avey †gvjøvi Mf©eZx ¯¿x byiæ‡bœnvi‡K al©Y I nZ¨vi Kvwnwb G‡Z
m¤úvw`Z cwÎKv: AvwRRb †bnvi (1874), wnZKvix (1890)|
Mv‡bi msKjb: mswMZ jnix (1877)| dz‡U D‡V‡Q| bvU¨Kvi G‡K mgv‡Ri AweKj Qwe wn‡m‡e eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb| `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvU‡Ki bvgKi‡Yi mv‡_ mv`„k¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvUK _vK‡jI welqe¯‘, NUbv ms¯’vcb I wPÎm„wó‡Z ¯^vZš¿¨ jÿYxq|
 emšÍKzgvix, Rwg`vi `c©Y, †eûjv MxZvwfbq| g‡b ivLvi kU©KvU©:
1. emšÍKzgvix (1873) : Rb¥- Kzwóqvi jvwnbxcvov
gxi gkviid †nv‡mb (1847-1911) iwPZ ÔemšÍKzgvix bvUKÕ QÙbvg- MvRx wgquv
†jL‡Ki cÖ_g bvUK Ges Z…Zxq MÖš’| GwU 1873 mv‡j cÖ_g mvwn‡Z¨ ¸iæ- KvOvj nwibv_
cÖKvwkZ nq| emšÍKzgvix bvUK evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gymjgvb bvU¨Kvi Zuvi cÖ_g MÖš’- iZœeZx (1869) (evOvwj gymjgvb iwPZ 1g)
KZ…©K iwPZ cÖ_g mv_©K bvUK| Zuvi m¤úvw`Z cwÎKv- AvwRRb †bnvi I wnZKvix
GK K_vq DËi
1. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ÔMvRx wgquvÕ †K? 9. gxi gkviid †nv‡mb iwPZ mv_©K bvUK †KvbwU?
DËi: gxi gkviid †nv‡mb| DËi: emšÍKzgvix|
2. ÔRgx`vi `c©YÕ bvUK †K iPbv K‡ib? 10. gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi †kÖô iPbv †KvbwU?
DËi: gxi gkviid †nv‡mb| DËi: welv` wmÜz|
3. gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi AvZ¥Rxebx MÖ‡š’i bvg Kx? 11. welv`-wmÜz Dcb¨v‡mi g~j DcRxe¨ wK?
DËi: MvRx wgquvi e¯Ívbx| DËi: Kvievjvi NUbv|
4. ÔMÖvgevZ©v cÖKvwkKvÕ cwÎKvi msev` `vZv wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Zb †K? 12. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gymwjg Jcb¨vwmK †K?
DËi: gxi gkviid †nv‡mb| DËi: gxi gkviid †nv‡mb|
5. gymjgvb PwiÎ Aej¤^‡b gxi gkviid †nv‡mb iwPZ cÖ_g bvUK 13. Ôduvm KvMRÕ wK ai‡bi iPbv?
†KvbwU? DËi: cÖnmb|
DËi: Rwg`vi `c©Y| 14. †Kvb cÖeÜ iPbvi Rb¨ gxi gkviid †nv‡mb gvgjvq Rwo‡q c‡ib?
6. ÔwnZKvixÕ cwÎKvwUi m¤úv`K †K? DËi: †Mv-Rxeb|
DËi: gxi gkviid †nv‡mb| 15. ÒgvZ…fvlvq hvnvi fw³bvB, †m gvbyl b‡nÓ| Dw³wU †K K‡i‡Qb?
7. evOvwj gymjgvb iwPZ cÖ_g MÖš’ †KvbwU? DËi: gxi gkviid †nv‡mb|
DËi: iZœeZx| 16. Ôb‡i›`ªÕ PwiÎwU gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi †Kvb iPbvi AšÍfz©³?
8. gxi gkviid †nv‡mb Zvi †Kvb iPbvwU‡Z wb‡R‡K †fovKvšÍ bv‡g DËi: emšÍKzgvix|
D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb? 17. Òwewe KzjmygÓ Kvi †jLv AvZ¥Rxebx?
DËi: MvRx wguqvi e¯Ívbx| DËi: gxi gkviid †nv‡mb|
Teacher’s Work
1. gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi RxebKvj †KvbwU? [30Zg wewmGm] 4. ÔD`vmxb cw_‡Ki g‡bi K_vÕ †Kvb RvZxq iPbv? [26Zg wewmGm]
K 1847-1911 L 1847-1912 K bvUK L AvZ¥‰RewbK Dcb¨vm
M 1857-1911 N 1857-2912 P M Kve¨ N MxwZ KweZvi msKjb Q
2. gxi gkviid †nv‡mb iwPZ MÖš’ n‡”Q- [39Zg wewmGm] 5. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g gymwjg Jcb¨vwm‡Ki bvg Kx?
K Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj L û‡Zvg cu¨vPvi bKkv K †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb L BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx
M KwjKvZv Kgjvjq N MvRx wgquvi e¯Ívbx S M gxi gkviid †nv‡mb N diiæL Avng` R
3. gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi Ôwelv`wmÜzÕ GKwU- [44Zg wewmGm] 6. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g gymwjg bvU¨Kvi iwPZ bvU¨MÖš’ †KvbwU?
K gnvKve¨ L BwZnvm MÖš’ K RMr †gvwnbx L emšÍKzgvix
M Dcb¨vm N BwZnvm AvwkÖZ RxebxMÖš’ R M Avqbv N †gvnbx †cÖg`vm Q
ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K Jcb¨vwmK ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq (26 Ryb ew¼gP‡›`ªi ÔÎqxÕ Dcb¨vm¸‡jv ÔAvb›`gVÕ (1882) Ô‡èx †PŠayivYxÕ
1838- 8 GwcÖj 1894)| Zuvi Dcvwa ÔmvwnZ¨ m¤ªvUÕ Ges QÙbvg (1884), ÔmxZvivgÕ (1887)|
ÔKgjvKvšÍÕ| Zv‡K Ôevsjvi Iqvëvi ¯‹UÕ I ÔbeRvMi‡Yi AMÖ`~ZÕ ejv ew¼gP‡›`ªi cÖej †`k †cÖ‡gi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q ÔAvb›`gVÕ (1882)
nq| wZwb cwðge‡½i PweŸk ciMYvi KuvVvjcvovq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Dcb¨v‡m| G‡Z wn›`y a‡g©i RvMi‡Yi K_v dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wQqvË‡ii
Zvi cÖ_g MÖš’ ÔjwjZv Z_v gvbmÕ (1856)| ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq gš^šÍ‡ii cUf~wgKvq mbœ¨vmx we‡`ªv‡ni Qvqvq ¯^‡`kfw³, ¯^RvwZ I
KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aax‡b cÖ_g MÖvRy‡qU| Zvi cÖwZwôZ I ¯â‡g©i cªwZ ew¼‡gi wbôvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q G Dcb¨v‡m| G MÖ‡š’ AšÍf³ z©
m¤úvw`Z cwÎKvi bvg Ôe½`k©bÕ (1872)| Ôe‡›` gvZigÕ MvbwU weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì m¤úª`vq cÖxwZi
 Dcb¨vm : DÏxcK Mvb wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| †Muvov wn›`yMY Zv‡K Fwl AvL¨vwqZ
ew¼gP›`ª iwPZ Dcb¨v‡mi msL¨v 15wU, G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 14wU mv_©K K‡i‡Qb|
Dcb¨vm| G¸‡jv n‡jv- Rajmohon’s Wife (1864), `y‡M©kbw›`bx ew¼gP‡›`ªi ivR‰bwZK Dcb¨vm Ôg„YvwjbxÕ (1869)| Î‡qv`k kZ‡K
(1865), KcvjKzÐjv (1866), g„Yvwjbx (1869), wele„ÿ (1873), e½‡`‡k ZzK©x Avµg‡Yi cUf~wg G‡Z dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ew¼‡gi †`kvZ¡‡eva
P›`ª‡kLi (1875), ivRwmsn (1882), K…òKv‡šÍi DBj (1878), iRbx G‡Z D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q|
(1877), Bw›ìv (1873), †èx †PŠayivYx (1874) ivav-ivYx (1886),
ew¼gP‡›`ªi gb¯ÍË¡ we‡kølYg~jK Dcb¨vm ÔiRbxÕ (1877)| KgjvKv‡šÍi
hyMjv½yixq (1874), Avb›`gV (1882), mxZvivg (1887)|
`ßi (1875) ew¼‡gi igïPbv| G‡Z †jLK wb‡R KgjvKv‡šÍi
Zvi cÖ_g I mv_©K Dcb¨vm `y‡M©kbw›`bx (1865)| GwU evsjv mvwn‡Zï
QÙvei‡Y e¨½, we`ªæ‡ci gva¨‡g bvbv Am½wZ dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb|
cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm| cÖ_g mv_©K †ivgvw›UK Dcb¨vm ÔKcvjKzÐjvÕ
Ômvg¨Õ ew¼‡gi GKwU cÖeÜMÖš’| G MÖ‡š’ mgv‡R mvg¨cÖwZôvq Zvi wPšÍvi
(1866)| cª_g †ivgvw›UK msjvc Ôcw_K Zzwg c_ nvivBqvQ!Õ GwU
cÖwZdjb i‡q‡Q| cieZ©x‡Z ew¼gP›`ª Zvi Ômvg¨Õ MÖš’ evRvi †_‡K
KcvjKzÐjv Dcb¨v‡mi| beKzgvi, KvcvwjK, KcvjKzÐjv G Dcb¨v‡mi
cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bb|
PwiÎ| Dcb¨vmwUi Av‡iKwU weL¨vZ jvBb nj- ÔZzwg Aag ZvB ewjqv
Avwg DËg bv nBe †Kb? MÖš’Kvi MÖš’ PwiÎ
ew¼gP‡›`ªi HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm¸‡jv Ô`y‡M©kbw›`bxÕ (1865), ivRwmsn Ô`y‡M©kbw›`bxÕ Av‡qkv, wZ‡jvËgv
(1882), P›`ª‡kLi (1875)| ew¼gP›`ª ÔKcvjKzÐjvÕ KcvjKzÐjv, beKzgvi
ew¼gP‡›`ªi mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm¸‡jv wele„ÿ (1873), K…òKv‡šÍi DBj P‡Ævcva¨vq Ôwele„ÿÕ Kz›`bw›`bx, b‡M›`ªbv_
(1878)| ÔK…òKv‡šÍi DBjÕ Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ n‡jv †ivwnbx, ÔK…òKv‡šÍi DBjÕ ‡ivwnYx, †Mvwe›`jvj
†Mvwe›`jvj, ågi| b‡M›`ªbv_, Kz›`bw›`bx Ôwele„ÿÕ Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ|

GK K_vq DËi
1. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨v‡mi bvg Kx? 15. evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g mv_©K Jcb¨vwmK †K?
DËi: `y‡M©kbw›`bx (1865)| DËi: ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq|
2. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi m¤úvw`Z cwÎKvi bvg Kx? 16. Ôcw_K Zzwg c_ nvivBqvQ?-‡K, Kv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb?
DËi: e½`k©b (1872)| DËi: KcvjKzÐjv beKzgvi‡K|
3. evsjvi¯‹U †K? 17. ew¼gP‡›`ªi cÖ_g evsjv Dcb¨vm †KvbwU?
DËi: ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq| DËi: `y‡M©kbw›`bx|
4. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq iwPZ cÖ_g MÖš’ †KvbwU? 18. Ôcw_K Zzwg c_ nvivBqvQÕ-GwU ew¼gP‡›`ªi †Kvb MÖ‡š’i Dw³?
DËi: jwjZv Z_v gvbm| DËi: KcvjKyÐjv|
5. KgjvKvšÍ Kvi QÙbvg? 19. ÔKcvjKyÐjvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi bvq‡Ki bvg Kx?
DËi: ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq| DËi: beKzgvi|
6. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq iwPZ cÖ_g Dcb¨vm †KvbwU? 20. ÔKcvjKyÐjvÕ Dcb¨vmwU Kvi †jLv?
DËi: Rajmonon’s Wife| DËi: ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq|
7. ÔiRbxÕ wK ai‡bi Dcb¨vm? 21. ÔAvb›`gVÕ Dcb¨vm Kvi †jLv?
DËi: mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm| DËi: ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq|
8. †KvbwU ew¼gP‡›`ªi Îqx Dcb¨vm? 22. ÔivRwmsnÕ Dcb¨vm Kvi iPbv?
DËi: mxZvivg| DËi: ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq|
9. †Kvb MvbwU weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì m¤úª`vq cÖxwZi 23. ew¼gP›`ª iwPZ Mvn©¯’äg©x Dcb¨vm †KvbwU?
DÏxcK wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q‡Q? DËi: wele„ÿ|
DËi: e‡›` gvZig| 24. ew¼gP‡›`ªi Avb›`gV Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ n‡jv-
10. †KvbwU ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi iwPZ ig¨ iPbv? DËi: wQqvË‡ii gš^šiÍ |
DËi: KgjvKv‡šÍi `ßi| 25. ÔKz›`bw›`bxÕ †Kvb Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ?
11. Ômvg¨Õ cÖeÜMÖš’wU Kvi †jLv? DËi: wele„ÿ|
DËi: ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq| 26. ew¼gP‡›`ªi cÖPviag©x Îqx Dcb¨vm †Kvb¸‡jv?
12. mvwnZ¨ m¤ªvU bv‡g L¨vZ †K? DËi: Avb›`gV, †èx †PŠayivbx, mxZvivg|
DËi: ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq| 27. Ôevev Kvi †ÿ‡Z avb †L‡qwQ, †h Avgv‡K Gi wfZi cywi‡jÕ? evK¨wU
13. wQqvË‡ii gš^šÍ‡ii cUf‚wgKvq iwPZ Dcb¨vm †KvbwU? Kvi iPbv?
DËi: Avb›`gV| DËi: ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq|
14. ÔZzwg Aag ZvB ewjqv Avwg DËg nBe bv †Kb?-Dw³wU Kvi iPbv? 28. ÔKgjvKv‡šÍi `ßiÕ Kvi †jLv?
DËi: ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq| DËi: ew¼gP›`ª|
Teacher’s Work
1. KZ mv‡j Ô`y‡M©kbw›`bxÕ Dcb¨vm cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq? [43Zg wewmGm]
K 1860 L 1861 M 1865 N 1867 R
2. ÔcÖ`xc wbweqv †Mj!Õ G weL¨vZ eY©bv †Kvb Dcb¨v‡mi? [37Zg wewmGm]
K ew¼gP‡›`ªi Ôwele„ÿÕ L iex›`ªbv‡_i Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ
M ew¼gP‡›`ªi ÔKcvjKzÐjvÕ N iex›`ªbv‡_i †hvMv‡hvM R
3. evsjv AvaywbK Dcb¨vm Gi cÖeZ©K wQ‡jb? [40Zg wewmGm]
K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L c¨vixPuv` wgÎ M Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi N ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq S
4. Ôg‡bvigvÕ ew¼gP‡›`ªi †Kvb Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ? [44Zg wewmGm]
K K…òKv‡šÍi DBj L `y‡M©kbw›`bx M g„Yvwjbx N wele„ÿ R
5. evsjv mvwnZävivi cÖwZôvZv cyiæl n‡jb-
K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi M c¨vixPvu` wgÎ N ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq S
6. ÔmvwnZ¨ m¤ªvUÕ bv‡g L¨vZ †Kvb evsjv †jLK?
K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi M kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq N ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq S
7. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm Ô`y‡M©kbw›`bxÕ KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq?
K 1859 mv‡j L 1860 mv‡j M 1861 mv‡j N 1865 mv‡j S
8. ÔKcvjKzÐjvÕ †Kvb cÖK…wZi iPbv?
K †ivgvÝg~jK Dcb¨vm L HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm M we‡qvMvšÍK bvUK N mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm P

RmxgD`&`xb (1903-1976)
cwiwPwZg~jK Z_¨: 3. AvaywbK evsjv Kv‡eï BwZnv‡m GB Kve¨ GK we‡kl ¯^vZš¿¨ wb‡q
Rb¥: 1 Rvbyqvwi, 1903 wLª.| †jLv n‡qwQj|
Rb¥¯’vb: dwi`cyi †Rjvi Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡gi gvZzjvj‡q R‡b¥‡Qb| 4. bKkx Kuv_vi gvV Kv‡e¨vcb¨vmwU iƒcvB I mvRy bvgK `yB MÖvgxY
Zuvi ˆcwÎK wbevm: †Mvwe›`cyi (Avw¤^Kvcyi)| hyeK-hyeZxi Awebkî †cÖ‡g KiæY Kvwnwb wb‡q iwPZ|
5. GB `yRbB wQ‡jb ev¯Íe PwiÎ|
g„Zz¨: 13 gvP©, 1976 wLª. (73 eQi)|
6. MÖš’wU wewfbœ fvlvq Ab~w`Z nq|
g„Zz¨¯’vb: XvKvq|
7. Gi Bs‡iwR Abyev‡ì bvg ‘Field of the Embroidery Quilt’
mgvwa¯’vb: dwi`cyi Zuvi wbR MÖv‡g Avw¤^Kvcy‡i|
Gi Abyev`K EM Milford|
cy‡iv bvg: †gvnv¤§`-RwmgDÏxb †gvjøv|
wcZv: Avbmvi DÏxb †gvjøv (¯‹zj wkÿK)| Ô†mvRb evw`qvi NvUÕ (1934 wLª.)
gvZv: Avwgbv LvZzb Ii‡d ÔivOvQyUÕ| 1. evsjvi Ac~e© Abe`¨ iƒcKí GB Kve¨MÖš’wUi g~j DcRxe¨|
Dcvwa: †kÖô cjøxKwe| 2. GB Kv‡eï cÖavb PwiÎÑ †mvRb I `yjx|
myPqbx (cÖKvkKvjÑ 1961 wLª.)
Zuvi wkÿv I Kg©Rxeb 3. GwU Kwei wbe©vwPZ KweZvi msKjb|
1. wZwb dwi`cyi I‡qj‡dqvi ¯‹zj I cieZ©x dwi`cyi †Rjv ¯‹zj
†_‡K cÖ‡ewkKv cixÿvq 1921 mv‡j DËxY© nb|  Ab¨vb¨ Kve¨MÖš’:
2. wZwb KjKvZv wek^we`¨vjq †_‡K Ôevsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨Õ 1929 evjyPi (1930 wLª.), avb‡ÿZ (1933 wLª.), iƒceZx (1946 wLª.), gvwUi
mv‡j we.G wWwMÖ Ges 1931 mv‡j Gg.G wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Kvbœv (1958), GK cqmvi euvkx (1956 wLª.), mwKbv (1959 wLª.), gv
3. 1931-1937 mvj ch©šÍ `x‡bkP›`ª †m‡bi mv‡_ †jvK mvwnZ¨ †h Rbbx Kv‡›` (1963 wLª.), njy` eiYx (1966 wLª.), R‡j †jLb
msMÖvnK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| (1969 wLª.), fqven †mB w`b¸‡jv‡Z (1972 wLª.) gv‡Mv R¦vjv‡q ivwLm
4. 1938 mv‡j wZwb XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡Mi †jKPvivi Av‡jv (1976 wLª.) Kvd‡bi wgwQj (1988 wLª.)|
c‡` †hvM †`b|
 RmxgDÏxb I Zuvi KweZv:
cyi¯‹vi Kei
cyi¯‹vi: 1. KweZvwU ÔivLvjxÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z|
1. ¯^vaxbZv cyi¯‹vi (1978)| 2. GwU gvÎve„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ|
2. evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib (1974 mv‡j) 3. G KweZvq 118wU cO&w³ i‡q‡Q|
3. †cÖwm‡W›Um A¨vIqvW© di cÖvBW Ad cvidi‡gÝ, cvwK¯Ívb (1958) 4. G KweZvi g~jfveÑ †e`bvMuv_v ev †kvKMuv_v
c`K: 5. MÖvgxY GK e„× `v`y Zvi GKgvÎ RxweZ bvZxi Kv‡Q Zuvi
1 GKz‡k c`K: 1976 mv‡j evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ…©K| wcÖqRb nviv‡bvi †e`bv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb GB KweZvq|
Dcvwa: 6. KweZvwU cÖ_g ÔK‡jøvjÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq|
1 ÔwW-wjUÕ: iex›`ªfviZx wek^we`¨vjq KZ…©K 1969 mv‡j| 7. RmxgDÏx‡bi K‡j‡Ri QvÎve¯’vq KweZvwU KjKvZv
wek^we`¨vj‡qi gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi cvV¨ ZvwjKvf‚³ nq|
 RmxgDÏxb I Zuvi Kve¨MÖš’: ivLvj †Q‡j
ÔivLvjxÕ (1927 wLª.) : 1. KweZvwU ÔivLvjxÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z|
1. GwU Zuvi cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ Kve¨MÖš’| 2. ivLvjxÕ MÖ‡š’ Zuvi cjøx Mvb¸‡jv msKwjZ n‡q‡Q|
2. G Kve¨wU‡Z 19wU KweZv i‡q‡Q| Avmgvbx
ÔbKkx Kuv_vi gvVÕ (1929) 1. GwU ÔGK cqmvi euvwkÕ Kv‡eï AšÍM©Z|
1. GwU Zuvi †kÖô KvwnwbKve¨ hv wekê¨vcx cwiwPwZ †c‡q‡Q| 2. Avmgvbx PwiÎwUi evwo dwi`cy‡i|
2. MÖvgxY Rxeb gvayh© I KviæY¨, êwPÎ¨nxb K¬vwšÍKiZv Ges gvby‡li gymvwdi (evjyPi), †L‡jvqvi, Pvlvi †Q‡j, cjøxRbbx (ivLvjx Kv‡e¨),
AmnvqZv GB Kv‡eï DcKiY| wbgš¿Y (avb‡ÿZ), †`k, cjøxel©v|

 RmxgDÏxb I Zuvi bvUK: MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi gvayh© I KviæY¨, êwPÎ¨nxb K¬vwšÍKiZv Ges gvby‡li
cÙvcvo (1950 wLª.), †e‡ì †g‡q (1951 wLª.) MÖv‡gi †g‡q (1951 AmnvqZv G Kv‡eï DcKiY| 1928 mv‡j gqgbwms‡ni MdiMvuI
wLª.), MÖv‡gi gvqv (MxwZ bvU¨) (1959 wLª.) Avmgvb wmsn (1986 wLª.) Dc‡Rjvi wkjvmx MÖv‡g RmxgD`&&`xb gqgbwmsn MxwZKv msMÖn Ki‡Z
gaygvjv (1951 wLª.), cjøxea~ (1956 wLª.) I‡Mv cy®úaby (1968)| Avm‡j iƒcvB bvgK GK e¨w³i mv‡_ Zvui cwiPq N‡U| G e¨w³i ev¯Íe
Rxebx‡K †K›`ª K‡i wZwb iPbv K‡ib ÔbKkx Kuv_vi gvVÕ|
 RmxgDÏx‡bi GKgvÎ Dcb¨vm: PwiÎ: mvRy, iƒcvB| E.M Milford GwU‡K Field of the Embroidery
†evev Kvwnwb (cÖKvkKvjÑ 1964 wLª.): Quilt bv‡g Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib|
1. D‡jøL‡hvM¨ PwiÎÑ Mixeyjøv gvZei, iwngyÏxb KvwiKi, ewQi, ÔmyPqbxÕ (1961): GwU Zvui wbe©vwPZ KweZvi msKjb|
AvRnvi|
Ô†mvRb evw`qvi NvUÕ (1934): G KvwnwbKve¨/Mv_vKve¨wU BD‡b‡¯‹vi
2. Dcb¨vmwU‡Z gnvRbx †kvl‡Yi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|
D‡`¨v‡M ‘Gypsy Wharf’ (1969) bv‡g Ab~w`Z nq| PwiÎ: †mvRb, `yjx|
3. Dcb¨vmwU‡Z †Kvb RwUjZv †bB|
ÔGK cqmvi euvkx (1956): G Kv‡eï weL¨vZ KweZv ÔAvmgvbxÕ|
4. G‡Z mij I mv`vgvUv GKwU Mí Av‡Q|
Avmgvbx GKwU ev¯Íe PwiÎ| dwi`cyi m`‡ii Ckvb †Mvcvjy BDwbq‡bi
 Zuvi AvZ¥K_v MÖš’: imyjcyi MÖv‡g RmxgD`&&`x‡bi eo fvB iv‡R›`ª K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcK byiæwÏb
huv‡ì †`‡LwQ (1952 wLª.), Rxeb K_v (1964 wLª.) ¯§„wZcU (1964 Avn‡g‡ì k¦ïievwo †eov‡Z wM‡q wZwb Avmgvbxi †`Lv cvb Ges
wLª.), VvKzi evwoi AvwObvq (1961 wLª.)| GLv‡bB e‡m wZwb ÔAvmgvbxÕ KweZvwU iPbv K‡ib| 97 eQi eq‡m 18
AvM÷, 2012 mv‡j Avmgvbx gviv hvb|
 Zuvi ågY Kvwnwbg~jK MÖš’: ÔevjyPiÕ (1930), Ôavb‡ÿZÕ (1933), ÔiƒceZxÕ (1946), Ôgv †h Rbbx
P‡j gymvwdi (1952 wLª.) nj‡` cixi †`‡k (1967 wLª.) Rvg©vwbi kn‡i Kv‡›`Õ (1963), ÔgvwUi KvbœvÕ (1958), ÔmwKbvÕ (1959)|
e›`‡i (1975 wLª.), †h †`‡k gvbyl eo (1968 wLª.)|
iwOjv bv‡qi gvwS (1935 wLª.), Mv‡½i cvo (1964 wLª.), Rvwi Mvb  Zuvi weL¨vZ cO&w³:
(1968 wLª.), gywk©`x Mvb (1977 wLª.)| 1. Ôev‡ci evwo‡Z hvBevi Kv‡j KwnZ awiqv cv,
Avg‡i †`wL‡Z hvBI wKš‘ DRvb-Zjxi Muv|ÕÑ (Kei KweZv)
 Zuvi wkï‡Zvl MÖš’:
2. ÔK‡cvj fvwmqv hvq bq‡bi R‡j|Õ
nvmy (1938 wLª.), GK cqmvi euvkx (1949 wLª.), Wvwjg Kzgvi (1951 wLª.)| 3. ÔAvmgvbx‡i †`L‡Z hw` †Zvgiv m‡e PvI|Õ (Avmgvbx)
cÖkœ: RmxgD`&&`xb‡K Kx Kwe ejv nq I Kg©cwiwa Kx? 4. Ôwgwó Zvnvi gyLwU n‡Z nvwmi cÖ`xc ivwk,
DËi: cjøx Kwe| wZwb Gg.G †kÖwY‡Z Aa¨qbKv‡j W. `x‡bkP›`ª †m‡bi _vc‡o‡Z wbwf‡q †M‡Q `viæY Afve Avwm|Õ (Avmgvbx)
AvbyK~‡j¨ KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cjøxMxwZ msMÖvnK c‡` wb‡qvM jvf 5. KuvPv av‡bi cvZvi gZ KwP gy‡Li gvqvÕ Ges
K‡ib| wZwb 1931-1937 mvj ch©šÍ KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q `x‡bkP›`ª ÔRvwj jvD‡qi WMvi g‡Zvb evû `yÕLvb miæÕÑ (bKkx Kuv_vi gvV,
†m‡bi Aax‡b ivgZby jvwnox wimvP© A¨vwm÷¨v›U c‡` PvKwi K‡ib| iæcvB m¤ú‡K©)
1938 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡M cÖfvlK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb 6. †mB N‡i‡Z GKjv e‡m WvK‡Q Avgvi gv|Ñ (ivLvj †Q‡j)
K‡ib| 1962 mv‡j cÖPvi wefv‡Mi †WcywU WvB‡i±‡ii c` †_‡K Aemi 7. Õ†f‡¯Í bwme KwiI mKj g„Zz¨-e¨w_Z cÖvYÕ (ÔKeiÕ KweZv)
MÖnY K‡ib| Zvui bv‡g XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q ÔKwe RmxgD`&&`xb njÕ Av‡Q| 8. ÔgvwU‡i Avwg †h eo fvjevwm, gvwU‡Z wgkv‡q eyKÕ (ÔKeiÕ KweZv)
cÖkœ: Zvui cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ KweZvi bvg Kx? 9. Ôwbweo Qvqv Auvavi Kiv cvZvi cvivevi,
DËi: Ôwgjb MvbÕ (1921): GwU Ô‡gvm‡jg fviZÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq| iwei Av‡jv LÐ n‡q bvP‡Q cv‡q Zvi|ÕÑ (Ô†`kÕ KweZv)
cÖkœ: Zvui Kve¨MÖš’mg~n Kx Kx? 10. Ô†L‡Zi c‡i †LZ P‡j‡QÕÑ (Ô†`kÕ KweZv)
DËi: ÔivLvjxÕ (1927): GwU Zvui cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’| G Kv‡eï 18wU 11. Ôgv_vi c‡i Kv‡jv Kv‡jv †gNiv G‡m †f‡o,
KweZvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg KweZv ÔKeiÕ| GwU K‡jøvj cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ ey‡bv nvwZi `j G‡m‡Q AvKvkLvwb †Q‡o|Õ (Ô†`kÕ KweZv)
nq| RmxgD`&&`xb K‡j‡R Aa¨qbKv‡j ÔKeiÕ KweZv iPbv K‡i
 Zuvi weL¨vZ Mvb:
AmvaviY L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| hv Zuvi QvÎve¯’vq 1335 e½v‡ã KjKvZv
1. Avgvi †mvbvi gqbv cvwL..........|
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi cvV¨ ZvwjKvq AšÍf©y³ nq|
2. Avgvi Mjvi nvi Ly‡j †b.............|
ÔbKkx Kuv_vi gvVÕ (1929): GwU Kwei †kÖô Kvwnwb Kve¨ / Mv_v Kve¨| 3. Avgvi nvi Kvjv Kijvg †i...........|
G MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g As‡k Av‡Q Pvlvi †Q‡j iƒcvB I cv‡ki MÖv‡gi †g‡q 4. Avgvq fvmvBwj †i..............|
mvRyi cÖ_g cwiPq †_‡K Abyiv‡Mi weKvk I weevn Ges K‡qK gv‡mi 5. Avgvq G‡Zv iv‡Z †Kb WvK w`wj...............|
myLgq Rxe‡bi Mí Ges wØZxq fv‡M Zv‡ì we‡”Q`| 6. †Kgb †Zvgvi gvZv wcZv............|
7. b`xi K‚j bvB wKbviv bvB............| 14. euvkwi Avgvi nvivB wMqv‡Q.............|
8. cÖv‡Yv mwL †i H‡kvb K`¤^ Z‡j...........| 15. evjy P‡ii †g‡q.........|
9. I eÜz iwOjv............| 16. ev`j euvwk I‡i eÜz................|
10. I evRvb Pj hvB gv‡V jvOj evB‡Z.........| 17. Mv‡½i Kzj‡i †M‡jv fvwOqv.............|
11. iwOjv bv‡qi gvwS............| 18. I ZzB hv‡i AvNvZ nvbwj‡i g‡b...............|
12. wbwk‡Z hvBI dzje‡b, I †fvgiv........| 19. I Avgvi Mnxb Mv‡Oi bvBqv.........|
13. I Avgvi ìw` Av‡M Rvb‡j.............| 20. Avgvi eÜz we‡bvw`qv........|
GK K_vq DËi
1. Kwe RmxgDÏx‡bi RxebKvj KZ? 9. ÔKeiÕ KweZvwU cÖ_g †Kvb cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq?
DËi: 1903-1976 Bs| DËi: K‡jøvj|
2. Zuvi cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU? 10. Kwe RmxgD`&`xb wW-wjU Dcvwa jvf K‡ib?
DËi: ivLvjx (1927)| DËi: 1969 mv‡j|
3. Zuvi GKgvÎ Dcb¨v‡mi bvg Kx? 11. ÔAvmgvbxÕ KweZvwU Kvi m„wó?
DËi: †evev Kvwnwb| DËi: RmxgD`&`xb|
4. Kwe RmxgD`&`x‡bi ˆcwÎK wbevm †Kv_vq? 12. Kei KweZvq `v`y kvcjvi nv‡U wK wewµ Ki‡Zb?
DËi: †Mvwe›`cyi| DËi: ZigyR|
5. Kwe RmxgD`&`x‡bi KZ mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡M 13. ÔcÙvcvoÕ Kvi †jLv bvUK?
†hvM †`b?
DËi: RmxgD`&`xb|
DËi: 1938 mv‡j|
14. RmxgD`&`xb iwPZ AvZ¥Rxebx †KvbwU?
6. Kei KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ?
DËi: RxebK_v|
DËi: gvÎve„Ë|
15. ÔnvmyÕ wkï‡Zvl MÖšw’ U Kvi †jLv?
7. RmxgD`&`x‡bi †kÖô KvwnwbKve¨ †KvbwU?
DËi: RmxgD`&`xb|
DËi: bKkx Kuv_vi gvV|
8. ÔbKkx Kuv_vi gvVÕ KvwnwbKv‡eï Abyev`K †K? 16. Avmgvbx‡ì †`L‡Z †Kv_vq †h‡Z n‡e?
DËi: EM Milford| DËi: imyjcy‡i|
Teacher’s Work
1. Kwe RmxgD`&`x‡bi RxebKvj †KvbwU? [14Zg wewmGm]
K 1903-1976 L 1910-1987 M 1889-1966 N 1899-1979 P
2. Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡g R‡b¥wQ‡jb †Kvb Kwe? [31Zg wewmGm]
K RmxgD`&`xb L Aveyj nvmvb M diiæL Avng` N knx` Kvìx P
3. †Kvb Kve¨wU cjøxKwe RmxgD`&`x‡bi iwPZ? [34Zg wewmGm]
K ˆPZvjx L ivLvjx M dwY-gbmv N Av‡jv c„w_ex Q
4. Ôgv †h Rbbx Kv‡›`Õ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv?
K Kve¨ L Dcb¨vm M bvUK N cÖeÜ P
5. ÔbKkx Kvu_vi gvVÕ wK ai‡bi Kve¨?
K gnvKve¨ L MxwZKve¨ M cÎKve¨ N b„Z¨bvU¨ Q
6. Kwe RmxgDÏx‡bi wkï‡Zvl MÖš’ †KvbwU?
K ivLvjx L evjyPi M GK cqmvi evwuk N avb‡ÿZ R
7. RmxgDÏx‡bi bvUK †KvbwU?
K ivLvjx L †e‡ì †g‡q M gvwUi Kvbœv N †evev Kvwnwb Q

`xbeÜz wgÎ (1829-1873)

`xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ (1860) XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g bvUK| cÖnmb: maevi GKv`kx (1866), we‡q cvMjv ey‡ov (1866)|
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë Gi Bs‡iwR Abyev` K‡ib| Bqs‡e½j‡ì D”Q…•LjZv‡K †K›`ª K‡i iwPZ `xbeÜz wg‡Îi cÖnmbwUi
Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvU‡Ki g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq bxjKi‡ì AZ¨vPvi I bvg Ômaevi GKv`kxÕ| weL¨vZ wbgPvu` Pwi‡Îi mvÿvr cvIqv hvq
Drcxo‡bi Kvwnbx I bxj Pvlx‡ì `yive¯’v| G bvU‡Ki †cÖÿvcU wn‡m‡e
Ômaevi GKv`kx‡ZÕ| mgv‡Ri cÖvPxbcš’x‡ì e¨½ K‡i iwPZ cÖnm‡bi
Kzwóqv GjvKvi Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G bvU‡Ki PwiÎ n‡jv- bexb
gvae, †Zvivc| G bvU‡Ki Awfbq †`L‡Z G‡m Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi bvg Ôwe‡q cvMjv ey‡ovÕ|
g‡Â Ry‡Zv Qzu‡o †g‡iwQ‡jb| Kve¨: myiabx Kve¨, Øv`k KweZv, bvbv KweZv;
Ab¨vb¨ bvUK: bexb Zcw¯^bx (1863), jxjveZx (1867), RvgvB evwiK Mí : Ôhgvj‡q RxešÍ gvbylÕ;
(1872), Kg‡j Kvwgbx (1873) Kz‡o Miæi wfbœ †MvV| Dcb¨vm : Ô†cvov g‡nk¦iÕ|
GK K_vq DËi
1. Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvU‡Ki bvU¨Kvi †K? 9. bxj`c©Y bvUKwUi †cÖÿvcU wn‡m‡e †Kvb GjvKvi Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q?
DËi: `xbeÜz wgÎ| DËi: Kzwóqv|
2. Ômaevi GKv`kxÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? 10. bexb gvae, †Zvivc PwiÎ¸‡jv Kvi m„wó?
DËi: cÖnmb| DËi: `xbeÜy wgÎ|
3. Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwU cÖKvwkZ nq †Kvb ¯’vb †_‡K? 11. ÔØv`k KweZvÕ Kvi †jLv Kve¨?
DËi: XvKv †_‡K| DËi: `xbeÜy wgÎ|
4. Ôivqevnv`yiÕ Kvi Dcvwa? 12. bxjKi‡ì AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvwnwb DcRxe¨ K‡i †jLv bvUK †KvbwU?
DËi: `xbeÜy wgÎ| DËi: bxj`c©Y|
5. Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwU KZmv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq? 13. †Kvb †jLK †cv÷gv÷vi wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ wQ‡jb?
DËi: 1860 wLª.| DËi: `xbeÜy wgÎ|
6. Ôwe‡q cvMjv ey‡ovÕ Kvi †jLv cÖnmb? 14. Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwU‡K †KvbwUi mv‡j Zzjbv Kiv nq?
DËi: `xbeÜy wgÎ| DËi: ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’|
7. Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwU cÖ_g gÂ¯’ nq? 15. Ômaevi GKv`kxÕ wK ai‡bi bvUK?
DËi: XvKvq| DËi: mvgvwRK bvUK|
8. Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwUi Bs‡iRx Abyev` K‡ib †K? 16. bxj`c©Y bvU‡Ki Awfbq †`‡L †K g‡Â Ry‡Zv Qzu‡o †g‡iwQ‡jb?
DËi: gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë| DËi: Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi|
Teacher’s Work
1. Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwUi welqe¯‘ Kx? [34Zg wewmGm]
K bxjKi‡ì AZ¨vPvi L fvlv Av‡›`vjb M Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb N †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb P
2. †Kvb MÖš’wU XvKv †_‡K cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj? [16Zg wewmGm]
K †gNbvèa Kve¨ L `y‡M©kbw›`bx M bxj`c©Y N AwMœexYv R
3. `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUK cÖ_g †Kv_v †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq? [38Zg wewmGm]
K XvKv L KjKvZv M ea©gvb N cvUbv P
4. †KvbwU `xbeÜz wg‡Îi iPbv? [26Zg wewmGm]
K Kg‡j Kvwgbx L Pÿz`vb M weaev weevn N f`ªvRy©b P
5. `xbeÜz wg‡Îi cÖnmb †KvbwU? [28Zg wewmGm]
K eyo mvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iuv L we‡q cvMjv ey‡ov M wKwÂr Rj‡hvM N Kwé AeZvi Q
6. `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwU Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib †K? [40Zg wewmGm]
K c¨vixPuv` wgÎ L gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë M cÖg_ †PŠayix N wØ‡R›`ªjvj ivq Q
7. bxj`c©Y cª_g gÂ¯’ nq-
K XvKv L KjKvZv M PÆMªvg N ewikvj P
8. 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'- Gi Av`‡j evsjv †Kvb bvUKwU cªKvwkZ nq?
K åvwšÍwejvm L iZœvejx M kwg©ôv N bxj`c©Y S

†iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb (1880-1932)
gymwjg bvix RvMi‡Yi AMÖ`~Z wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq †eMg †eMg †iv‡Kqv I Zuvi MÖš’ :
†iv‡Kqv‡K (1880-1932)| wZwb gymwjg bvix RvMi‡Yi AMÖ`~Z| Zvui ÔgwZPziÕ GwU Zuvi cÖ_g cÖeÜ MÖš’|
Rb¥¯’vb iscy‡ii cvqiveÜ MÖvg, Rb¥ 1880 mv‡ji 9 wW‡m¤î| 1902 g~j DcRxe¨Ñ bvix RvMi‡Yi c‡ÿ mywPwšÍZ I
ÔAa©v½xÕ ewjô gZvgZ|
mv‡j Zvi cÖ_g Mí ÔwccvmvÕ beb~i cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq| 3 †g 1909
ÔRv‡Mv †Mv fwMbxÕ cÖeÜwUi g~j DcRxe¨ n‡jvÑ bvix wkÿv|
mv‡j ¯^vgxi g„Zzï ci 1910 mv‡j KjKvZvq Mgb K‡ib Ges bvix gyw³i
†eMg †iv‡Kqv I Zuvi Dcb¨vm :
j‡ÿ¨ wZwb ÔmvLvIqvZ †g‡gvwiqvj Mvj©m ¯‹zjÕ (1911) I ÔAvÄygv‡b
cÙivM (1924 wLª.): GwU‡K Dcb¨vm bv e‡j Dcb¨v‡mvcg M`¨
LvIqvwZ‡b BmjvgÕ (gymwjg gwnjv mwgwZ)Ñ (1916) cÖwZôv K‡ib|
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ KivB fv‡jv| †Kbbv Dcb¨v‡mi Muv_ywb GLv‡b †bB|
Zuvi c~Y©v½ mvwnZ¨Kg©: Ae‡ivaevwmbx (1931 wLª.): GwU †iv‡Kqvi †kÖô M`¨MÖš’| G MÖ‡š’i
Kvwnwb iwPZ n‡q‡Q KZK¸‡jv HwZnvwmK I Pvÿzl mZ¨ NUbvi
ÔwccvmvÕ ▪ cÖKvkKvjÑ 1902 wLª.| GwU Zuvi cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nvwm-Kvbœv wb‡q|
(gnig) MÖš’| ÔSultana’s DreamÕ/myjZvbvi ¯^cœ (1908 wLª.): myjZvbvi ¯^cœ
†eMg †iv‡Kqv iwPZ GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖeÜ MÖš’|
▪ GwU KjKvZvi Ôbeb~iÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq| Ôbvixi AwaKviÕ: GwU †eMg †iv‡Kqvi †kl iPbv|
GK K_vq DËi
1. †Kvb †eMg †iv‡Kqv †jLbx aviY K‡iwQ‡jb? 9. cÙivM Kvi †jLv?
DËi: bvix‡ì Kzms¯‹vigy³ I wkwÿZ Ki‡Z| DËi: †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ|
2. †eMg †iv‡Kqv KZ mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? 10. †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ Gi me©‡kÖô iPbv †KvbwU?
DËi: Ae‡ivaevwmbx|
DËi: 1880|
11. ÔgwZPziÕ wK ai‡bi iPbv?
3. †eMg †iv‡Kqvi †kÖô cÖeÜMÖš’ †KvbwU? DËi: cÖeÜ|
DËi: Ae‡ivaevwmbx| 12. †eMg †iv‡Kqvi Rb¥¯’vb †Kv_vq?
4. gymwjg bvix RvMi‡Yi AMÖ`~Z †K? DËi: iscyi|
DËi: †eMg †iv‡Kqv| 13. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g bvixev`x †jwLKv?
5. †eMg †iv‡Kqv Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? DËi: †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ|
DËi: 1880 mv‡ji 9 wW‡m¤î| 14. Òavb¨ Zvi emyÜiv hviÓ Dw³wU Kvi?
6. †eMg †iv‡Kqvi †jLv cÖ_g Mí †KvbwU? DËi: †eMg †iv‡Kqvi|
15. ÔgwZPziÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K?
DËi: wccvmv| DËi: †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb|
7. †eMg †iv‡Kqv gymwjg gwnjv mwgwZ K‡e cÖwZôv K‡ib? 16. †eMg †iv‡Kqvi iwPZ MÖš’¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
DËi: 1916 mv‡j| DËi: cÙivM, gwZPzi, myjZvbvi ¯^cœ, Ae‡ivaevwmbx|
8. †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqv‡Zi iPbv¸‡jv †Kvb cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq? 17. ÔmyjZvbvi ¯^cœÕ Kvi iPbv?
DËi: mIMvZ| DËi: †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb|
Teacher’s Work
1. †eMg †iv‡Kqvi iPbv †KvbwU? [11Zg wewmGm]
K fvlv I mvwnZ¨ L Avqbv M jvjmvjy N Ae‡ivaevwmbx S
2. †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb iwPZ MÖš’ †KvbwU? [39Zg wewmGm]
K cÙveZx L cÙ‡MvLiv M cÙivM N cÙgwY R
3. †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡m‡bi ÔgwZPziÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? [38Zg wewmGm]
K cÖeÜ L Dcb¨vm M bvUK N AvZ¥Rxebx P
4. evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb gnxqmx bvixi iPbv ÔmyjZvbvi ¯^cœÕ?
K †eMg †iv‡Kqv L beve dqRy‡bœmv M †eMg mywdqv Kvgvj N †mwjbv †nv‡mb P

Kvq‡Kvev`
Kvq‡Kvev`, gnvKwe Kvq‡Kvev` ev gyÝx Kvq‡Kvev` (25 †deªæqvwi, ❖ k¥kvbf®§ (1924)
1857-21 RyjvB, 1951) evsjv fvlvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kwe hv‡K gnvKweI ❖ gniig kixd (1932): Ôgniig kixd' Kwei gnvKv‡e¨vwPZ wecyj
ejv nq| Zvi cÖK…Z bvg Kv‡Rg Avj †Kvivqkx| Kwe Kvq‡Kvev`B AvqZ‡bi GKwU Kvwnbx Kve¨|
n‡”Qb AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g gymwjg Kwe| ❖ †cÖ‡gi evYx (1970)
wZwb evOvwj gymwjg Kwe‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g m‡bU iPwqZv| ❖ †cÖg cvwiRvZ (1970)
Rb¥ I wk¶vRxeb: cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbv
Kvq‡Kvev` 1857 mv‡ji 25 †k †deªæqvwi (eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki) XvKv evsjv gnvKv‡eï A‡¯Ívb¥yL Ges MxwZKweZvi ¯^Y©hy‡M gnvKwe
†Rjvi beveMÄ _vbvi Aax‡b AvMjv-c~e©cvov Mªv‡g Rb¥MªnY K‡ib| Kvq‡Kvev` gymwjg‡ì †MŠiegq BwZnvm †_‡K Kvwnbx wb‡q Ôgnvk¥kvbÕ
gnvKve¨ iPbv K‡i †h `ytmvnwmKZv †`wL‡q‡Qb Zv Zv‡K evsjv
Kve¨MÖš’ mvwn‡Zï †MŠiegq Avm‡b ¯’vb K‡i w`‡q‡Q| 1932 mv‡j e½xq gymwjg
❖ wein wejvc (1870) (GwU Zvi cª_g Kve¨Mªš’) mvwnZ¨ m‡¤§j‡bi g~j Awa‡ek‡b mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Kwe
❖ Kymyg Kvbb (1873) Kvq‡Kvev`| evsjv Kve¨ mvwn‡Z¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ 1925 mv‡j wbwLj
❖ Akªægvjv (1896) : Zuvi weL¨vZ MxwZKve¨ fviZ mvwnZ¨ msN Zv‡K ÔKve¨f~lYÕ, Ôwe`¨vf~lYÕ I ÔmvwnZïZœÕ
❖ gnvk¥kvb (1904), GwU Zvi iwPZ gnvKve¨ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib|
❖ wke-gw›ì ev RxešÍ mgvwa (1921)
❖ Awgq aviv (1923) g„Zz¨: 1951 mv‡ji 21 RyjvB Kvq‡Kvev` XvKvq g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
GK K_vq DËi
1. AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g evOvwj Kwe †K? 8. ÔAkÖægvjvÕ wK ai‡bi Kve¨?
DËi: gnvKwe Kvq‡Kvev`| DËi: MxwZKve¨|
2. Zuvi †kÖô gnvKve¨ †KvbwU? 9. Kvq‡Kvev` Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib?
DËi: gnvk¥kvb (1904)| DËi: 1857 mv‡j|
3. Kvq‡Kvev‡ì cÖK…Z bvg Kx? 10. Ôwke-gw›ìÕ Kvi †jLv?
DËi: gyn¤§` Kv‡Rg Avj Kziv‡qkx| DËi: Kvq‡Kvev`|
4. evOvwj gymwjg Kwe‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g m‡bU iPwqZv? 11. Kvq‡Kvev` KZ mv‡j ÔmvwnZïZœÕ Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ nb?
DËi: Kvq‡Kvev`| DËi: 1925 mv‡j|
5. gnvKwe Kvq‡Kvev` iwPZ cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU? 12. ÔAvhvbÕ KweZvwU Kvi iPbv?
DËi: wein wejvc| DËi: Kvq‡Kvev`|
6. gnvk¥kvb Kv‡eï g~j DcRxe¨ Kx? 13. Ògniig kixdÓ Kvi †jLv Kve¨MÖš’?
DËi: cvwbc‡_i Z…Zxq hy×| DËi: Kvq‡Kvev`|
7. gnvKwe Kvq‡Kvev‡ì KZ eQi eq‡m Zvi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq? 14. gnvKwe Kvq‡Kvev` †Kvb †Rjvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Qb?
DËi: †Zi eQi| DËi: XvKv|
Teacher’s Work
1. †Kvb wel‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i Ôgnvk¥kvbÕ Kve¨ iwPZ?
K cvwbc‡_i cª_g hy× L cvwbc‡_i wØZxq hy× M cvwbc‡_i Z„Zxq hy× N cjvkxi hy× R
2. 'gnvk¥kvb' gnvKve¨ †Kvb mv‡ji cvwbc‡_i hy‡×i Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ?
K 1726 L 1761 M 1556 N 1526 Q
3. gnvk¥kvb Kve¨Mª‡š’i iPwqZv Kwe Kvq‡Kvev‡ì Avmj bvg wK?
K BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx L †bqvgZ Djøvn Avj †Kv‡ikx
M †gvnv¤§` Kv‡Rg Avj †Kv‡ikx N gynv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgvb Bmjvgvev`x R
4. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cª_g gymwjg gnvKwe †K?
K kvn gyn¤§` mMxi L gxi gkviid †nv‡mb M AvjvIj N Kvq‡Kvev` S
5. Ôgnvk¥kvbÕ gnvKv‡eï Kwe †K?
K diiæL Avng` L gxi gkviid †nv‡mb M BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx N Kvq‡Kvev` S

diiæL Avng` (1918-1974)

wZwb gv¸iv †Rjvi kÖxcyi _vbvi gvS AvBj MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb 11. wm›`vev` (A‡±vei, 1983)
wQ‡jb gymwjg †i‡bmvui Kwe| ÔmvZ mvM‡ii gvwSÕ Zvui cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’| 12. w`jiæev (†deªæqvwi, 1994)
Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I HwZn¨ G Kv‡eï DcRxe¨| wkï‡Zvl MÖš’
Kve¨MÖš’ 1. cvwLi evmv (1965)- Gi Rb¨ 1966 mv‡j UNESCO cyi¯‹vi cvb|
1. mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS (wW‡m¤î, 1944) (†kÖô Kve¨) 2. ni‡di Qov (1970)
2. wmivRvg gybxiv (†m‡Þ¤î, 1952) 3. Puv‡ì Avmi (1970)
3. †bŠ‡dj I nv‡Zg (Ryb, 1961)-Kve¨bvU¨ 4. Qovi Avmi (1970)
4. gyn~‡Z©i KweZv (†m‡Þ¤î, 1963) (GwU Zvi m‡bU msKjb) 5. dz‡ji Rjmv (wW‡m¤î, 1985)
5. †avjvB Kve¨ (Rvbyqvwi, 1963) cyi¯‹vi
6. 1937 mv‡j ÔeyjeyjÕ cwÎKvq Zvi cÖ_g KweZv ÔivwÎÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| 1. 1960 mv‡j evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib|
7. nv‡Zg Zvqx (1966)-KvwnbxKve¨: GwUi Rb¨ Av`gRx cyi¯‹vi cvb| 2. 1965 m‡b †cÖwm‡W›U c`K cÖvBW Ae cvidi‡gÝ Ges 1966
8. bZzb †jLv (1969) mv‡j Av`gRx mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi I BD‡b‡¯‹v cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib|
9. Kv‡djv (AMv÷, 1980) 3. 1977 I 1980 mv‡j Zv‡K h_vµ‡g gi‡YvËi GKz‡k c`K I
10. nvwe`v giæi Kvwnbx (1981) ¯^vaxbZv c`K †Ìqv nq|
GK K_vq DËi
1. diiæL Avng‡ì Dcvwa Kx? 9. Ôcv‡ÄixÕ Kvi †jLv?
DËi: gymwjg †i‡bmuvi Kwe| DËi: diiæL Avn‡g`|
2. Zuvi cÖ_g KweZv †Kvb cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq? 10. Ôcv‡ÄixÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›ì iwPZ?
DËi: eyjeyj| DËi: gvÎve„Ë|
3. Zuvi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU? 11. ÔmvZ mvM‡ii gvwSÕ Kve¨MÖš’wU‡Z KqwU KweZv AšÍfz©³ i‡q‡Q?
DËi: mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS| DËi: 19wU|
4. gymwjg cybR©vMi‡Yi Kwe †K? 12. diiæL Avng` g„Zzï ci †Kvb c`K jvf K‡ib?
DËi: diiæL Avng`| DËi: GKz‡k c`K|
5. †Kvb Kwe Zvi iPbvi Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi ˆbcyY¨ †`wL‡q‡Qb? 13. diiæL Avng‡ì cÖ_g I †kÖô Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU?
DËi: diiæL Avng`| DËi: mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS|
6. diiæL Avng` ¯^vaxbZv cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib KZ mv‡j? 14. Ô†bŠ‡dj I nv‡ZgÕ Kvi †jLv?
DËi: 1980 mv‡j| DËi: diiæL Avn‡g`|
7. diiæL Avng‡ì iPbvi g~j DcRxe¨ †KvbwU? 15. Ô†gN e„wó Av‡jvi †`kÕ Kvi †jLv KweZv?
DËi: Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I HwZn¨| DËi: diiæL Avn‡g`|
8. †Kvb MÖš’wUi Rb¨ diiæL Avng` Av`gRx cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib? 16. ÔwmivRvg gybxivÕ Kvi †jLv?
DËi: nv‡ZgZvqx| DËi: diiæL Avng`|
Teacher’s Work
1. ÔmvZ mvM‡ii gvwSÕ Kvi iPbv? [28Zg I 22Zg wewmGm cixÿv]
K †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv L e‡›` Avjx wgqv M Avnmvb nvexe N diiæL Avng` S
2. ÔwmivRvg gybxivÕ Kv‡eï iPwqZvi bvg- [17Zg wewmGm cixÿv]
K Zvwjg †nv‡mb L diiæL Avng` M †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv N Aveyj †nv‡mb Q
3. Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I HwZn¨ †Kvb Kv‡eï DcRxe¨? [13Zg wewmGm cixÿv]
K wRÄxi - KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS- diiæL Avng`
M w`jiæev - Avãyj Kvwì N b~ibvgv - Ave`yj nvwKg Q
4. diiæL Avng‡ì †kªô Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvg Kx?
K mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS L cvwLi evmv M †bŠ‡dj I nv‡Zg N nv‡Zg ZvB P
5. ÔKvievjvi cÖvšÍ‡iÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K?
K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L diiæL Avng` M gxi gkviid †nv‡mb N Avnmvb nvexe Q

1. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi Rb¥ mvj †KvbwU? 17. ÒAvwg wK WivB mwL wfLvix ivN‡e?Ó ÔwfLvix ivNeÕ †K?
K 1814 L 1824 K iveY L †gNbv`
M 1834 N 1844 Q M ivg N wefxlY R
2. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë †Kvb kZvãx‡Z RxweZ wQ‡jb? 18. wefxl‡Yi ¯¿xi bvg Kx?
K Aóv`k kZvãx L Dbwesk kZvãx K Ewg©jv L g‡›`vìx
M wesk kZvãx N GKwesk kZvãx Q M wPÎv½`v N migv S
3. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë †h MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jbÑ 19. Ô†n±ieaÕ †Kvb DcvL¨vb Aej¤^‡b iwPZ?
K eiæw`qv L mvMi`vuox K †nvgv‡ii BwjqvW L †nvgv‡ii IwWwm
M †ÌqvULvwj N bviæwP Q M fvwR©‡bi BwbW N `v‡šÍi wWfvBb K‡gwW P
4. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi evwo h‡kvi †Rjvi †Kvb Dc‡Rjvq? 20. Ôw` K¨vcwUf †jwWÕ (The Captive Lady) Kve¨wU wj‡L‡QbÑ
K gwYivgcyi L †PŠMvQv K DBwjqvg †Kix L gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
M †Kkecyi N AfqbMi R M Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi N †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ Q
5. gaym~`b wLª÷a‡g© `xwÿZ nbÑ 21. ÔAwgÎvÿi Q‡›` iwPZ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi cÖ_g Kve¨ †KvbwU?
K 1743 wLª÷v‡ã L 1843 wLª÷v‡ã K eªRv½bv Kve¨ L exiv½bv Kve¨
M 1943 wLª÷v‡ã N 1844 wLª÷v‡ã Q M wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e Kve¨ N †gNbvèa Kve¨ R
6. gaym~`‡bi g„Zy¨ nq †Kv_vq? 22. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi ÔwZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e Kve¨Õ GKwUÑ
K fvm©vB bM‡i L KjKvZv †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡R K cÎKve¨ L KvwnbxKve¨
M Avwjcyi nvmcvZv‡j N mvMi`vuwo wbR evmfe‡b R M gnvKve¨ N LÐ KweZv msKjb Q
7. †Kvb evbvbwU ï×? 23. Ôexiv½bvÕ cÎKv‡e¨ cÎ msL¨v KZ?
K gaym~`b L ga~m~`b K 11 L 21 M 31 N 41 P
M ga~my`b N gaymy`b P 24. ivav-K…ò welqK iPbv †KvbwU?
8. evsjv KweZvq AvaywbKZvi cÖeZ©K †K? K mvi`vg½j L e½my›ìx
K wenvixjvj L gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë M eªRv½bv N K…òKzgvix R
M †`ŠjZ KvRx N PÐx`vm Q 25. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ AwgÎvÿi Q›` cÖ_g eëüZ nqÑ
9. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g gnvKweÑ K cÙveZx bvU‡K L †gNbvèa gnvKv‡e¨
K Kvq‡Kvev` L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi M eªRv½bv Kv‡e¨ N K…òKzgvix P
M gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë N AvjvIj R 26. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi bvUK †KvbwU?
10. ÔwU‡gvw_ †cbc‡qgÕ QÙbv‡g KweZv wjL‡ZbÑ K kKzšj Í v L kwg©ôv
K Awgq PµeZ©x L ey×‡è emy M f`ªvR©yb N iveYea Q
M gaym~`b `Ë N iƒcivg PµeZ©x R 27. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi bvUK †KvbwU?
11. Ô`ËKz‡jv™¢eÕ Kwe †K? K kKzšj Í v L f`ªvR©yb
K m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë L myax›`ªbv_ `Ë M K…òKzgvix N iveYea R
M gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë N AwRZ `Ë R 28. wb‡¤œi MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ gaym~`‡bi iwPZ †KvbwU?
12. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K gnvKve¨Ñ K iZœveZx L mxZvi ebevm
K gnvfviZ L gnvk¥kvb M gvqvKvbb N ivgPwiZ gvbm R
M †gNbvèa N AkÖægvjv R 29. ÔG‡KB wK e‡j mf¨ZvÕ Gi iPwqZv †K?
13. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi gnvKve¨ †KvbwU? K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L gxi gkviid †nv‡mb
K exiv½bv Kve¨ L †gNbvèa Kve¨ M KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg N iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi P
M K…òKzgvix N kwg©ôv Q 30. ÔPZz`©kc`x KweZvejxÕ Kvi iPbv?
14. gaym~`b `‡Ëi Ô‡gNbvèa Kv‡e¨Õi Drm Kx? K †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq L bexbP›`ª †mb
K ivgvqY L gnvfviZ M gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë N i½jvj e‡›`¨vcva¨vq R
M fvMeZ N Kzgvim¤¢e P 31. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi iPbv bq †KvbwU?
15. Ô†gNbvèa Kv‡e¨Õ mM© msL¨v KqwU? K wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e L †gNbvèa Kve¨
K 15wU L 8wU M 12wU N 9wU S M †eZvjcÂweskwZ N exiv½bv R
16. gaym~`b `‡Ëi Ô‡gNbvèa Kve¨Õ cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †Kvb i‡mi Kve¨? 32. ÒAjxK KzbvU¨ i‡½, g‡R †jvK iv‡p I e‡½Ó Kvi Dw³?
K exi im L KiæY im K wØ‡R›`ªjvj ivq L gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
M kvšÍ im N gayi im P M ivgivg emy N Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi Q

33. ÒmZZ †n b`, Zzwg co †gvi g‡b| mZZ †Zvgvi K_v fvwe G 49. evsjv fvlvq ev‡Kï A_© D×v‡ii myweav‡_© †K cÖ_g ùvwo, Kgv,
wei‡j|Ó PiY `ywUi Kwe †K? †mwg‡Kvjb BZ¨vwì cÖeZ©b K‡ib?
K †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi L myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© K DBwjqvg †Kwi L c¨vixPuv` wgÎ
M m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë N gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë S M Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi N iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi R
34. ÒRwb¥‡j gwi‡Z n‡e, / Agi †K †Kv_v K‡e, wPiw¯’i K‡e bxi, / 50. †KvbwU we`¨vmvM‡ii iPbv?
nvq †i Rxeb-b‡`? †Kvb Kwei Dw³? K ivRvejx L ewÎk wmsnvmb
K bexbP›`ª †mb L gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë M wn‡Zvc‡`k N kKzšj Í v S
M wenvixjvj PµeZ©x N Kvq‡Kvev` Q 51. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †K ÔcjøxKweÕ bv‡g L¨vZ?
35. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ †Kvb RvZxq KweZv? K Rxebvb›` `vk L mywdqv Kvgvj
K M`¨ KweZv L MxwZKweZv M Rvnvbviv AviRy N RmxgD`&&`xb S
M m‡bU N cqvi R 52. cjøxKwe RmxgD`&&`xb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ibÑ
36. Ôe½fvlvÕ m‡bU cÖ_g Kx bv‡g †jLv nq? K †bvqvLvjx‡Z L dwi`cy‡i
K Kwe-gvZ…fvlv L gvZ…fvlv M ewikv‡j N PweŸk ciMbvq Q
M AvZ¥wejvc N gnvfvlvi AnsKvi P 53. Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡g R‡b¥wQ‡jb †Kvb Kwe?
37. Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ? K RmxgD`&&`xb L Aveyj nvmvb
K Aÿie„Ë L gvÎve„Ë M diiæL Avng` N knx` Kvìx P
M ¯îe„Ë N gy³K Q›` P 54. RmxgD`&&`x‡bi cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU?
38. †Kvb KweZvwU AóK I ló‡K wef³Ñ K ivLvjx L †mvRb evw`qvi NvU
K Kei L †mvbvi Zix
M b·x Kvu_vi gvV N evjyPi P
M abëv` N e½fvlv S
55. †Kvb Kve¨wU cjøx Kwe RmxgD`&&`x‡bi iwPZ?
39. Ôe½fvlvÕ m‡b‡U ló‡Ki wgjweb¨vmÑ
K ‰PZvjx L ivLvjx
K KLLKMM L KLKLMM
M dwY-gbmv N Av‡jv c„w_ex Q
M KKLLMM N MNNMOO S
56. Ôgv †h Rbbx Kv‡›`Õ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv?
40. Ò†n e½ fvÛv‡i Ze wewea iZb,/Zv m‡e (A‡eva Avwg) Ae‡njv
K Kve¨ L Dcb¨vm
Kwi, ci-ab †jv‡f gË, Kwiby ågY/ci‡`‡k, wfÿve„wË Kzÿ‡Y
M bvUK N cÖeÜ P
AvPwi|Ó GB cOw³wU †Kvb Kwei iPbv?
57. RmxgD`&&`x‡bi †kÖô KvwnwbKve¨ †KvbwU?
K †Mvwe›`P›`ª `vm L Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi
K bKkx Kvu_vi gvV L †mvRb evw`qvi NvU
M iex›`ªbv_ VvKyi N gaym~`b `Ë S
M mwKbv N ivLvjx P
41. Ck¦iP›`ª‡K †Kvb cÖwZôvb Ôwe`¨vmvMiÕ Dcvwa cÖ`vb K‡i?
K †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡jR L ms¯‹…Z K‡jR
58. ÔbKkx Kvu_vi gvVÕ †Kvb RvZxq Kve¨?
K KvwnwbKve¨ L MxwZKve¨
M we`¨vmvMi K‡jR N KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq Q
M DcvL¨vb N P¤úyKve¨ P
42. wn›`y mgv‡R weaev weev‡ni cÖeZ©K-
K ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq L †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi
59. ÔbKkx Kvu_vi gvVÕ eB‡qi †jLK †K?
M m‡ivwRbx bvBWz N Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi S K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv
43. weaevweevn iwnZKi‡Y †K Kjg hy× K‡ib- M RmxgD`&&`xb N gxi gkviid †nv‡mb R
K ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq L c¨vixPuv` wgÎ 60. ÔbKkx Kvu_vi gvVÕ †Kvb Kwei Kve¨‡K AvkÖq K‡i wek¦e¨vcx
M ivRxe‡jvPb gy‡Lvcva¨vq N Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi S cwiwPwZ †c‡q‡Q?
44. evsjv fvlvq weivgwPý ev hwZwPý eënv‡ii K…wZZ¡ Kvi? K Rxebvb›` `vk L KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
K we`¨vmvM‡ii L AÿqKzgv‡ii M e‡›` Avjx wgqv N RmxgD`&&`xb S
M PÐxPiY gywÝi N KvjxcÖmbœ wms‡ni P 61. Field of the Embroadery Quilt Kve¨wU Kwe RmxgD`&&`x‡bi
45. †Kvb MÖš’ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv nq? †Kvb Kv‡eï Bs‡iRx Abyev`?
K åvwšÍwejvm L †eZvj cÂweskwZ K †mvRb evw`qvi NvU L iwOjv bv‡qi gvwS
M cÖfveZx N ms¯‹…Z mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm Q M bKkx Kvu_vi gvV N ivLvjx R
46. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii †gŠwjK iPbv- 62. RmxgD`&&`x‡bi †Kvb Kve¨ MÖš’ wewfbœ fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q?
K cÖfveZx m¤¢vlY L Rxeb iwPZ K †mvRb evw`qvi NvU L evjyPi
M †eZvj cÂweskwZ N mxZvi ebevm P M bKkx Kvu_vi gvV N ivLvjx R
47. †k·wcq‡ii bvU‡Ki evsjv M`ïƒc w`‡q‡Qb- 63. RmxgD`&&`xb iwPZ Ôwbgš¿YÕ KweZvwU †Kvb MÖ‡š’i AšÍf©y³?
K Ck¦iP›`ª ¸ß L Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi K evjyPi L ivLvjx
M ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq N kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq Q M avb‡ÿZ N gvwUi Kvbœv R
48. 1855 mv‡j we`¨vmvM‡ii †jLv †Kvb eBwU K¬vwmK gh©v`v jvf K‡i‡Qb? 64. Ô†mvRb evw`qvi NvUÕ Gi iPwqZv †K?
K kKzšj Í v L mxZvi ebevm K kvgmyi ivngvb L KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
M eY©cwiPq N åvwšÍwejvm R M RmxgD`&&`xb N W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn R

65. ÔiwOjv bv‡qi gvwSÕ Gi †jLK n‡jbÑ 81. Kwe RmxgD`&&`x‡bi ÔKeiÕ KweZvi welqe¯‘ n‡jvÑ
K RmxgD`&&`xb L diiæL Avng` K ¯¿x we‡qv‡Mi †e`bv wejvc
M W. knx`yjøvn N AZzj cÖmv` P L wcÖqRb nviv‡bvi gg©vwšÍK ¯§„wZPviY
66. Kwe RmxgD`&&`x‡bi wkï‡Zvl MÖš’ †KvbwU? M mšÍvb nviv‡bvi †kvKMuv_v
K ivLvjx L evjyPi N eÜz we‡”Q‡ì KiæY Kvwnwb Q
M GK cqmvi euvwk N avb‡ÿZ R 82. ÔKeiÕ KweZv †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ?
67. Ô†e‡ì †g‡qÕ MxwZbvU¨wU †K wj‡L‡Qb? K ¯îe„Ë L gvÎve„Ë
K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L RmxgD`&&`xb M Aÿqe„Ë N wÎc`x Q
M W. bxwjgv Beªvnxg N iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Q 83. ÔKeiÕ KweZvq KqwU cO&w³ i‡q‡Q?
68. RmxgD`&&`x‡bi ÔAvmgvbxÕ PwiÎwUi evwo †Kv_vq? K 13wU L 96wU M 102wU N 118wU S
K †MvcvjMÄ L dwi`cyi 84. ÔKeiÕ KweZvi `v`y †Kvb nv‡U ZigyR wewµ Ki‡Zb?
M ivRevwo N gv`vixcyi Q K MRbxi nv‡U L kvcjvi nv‡U
69. ÔP‡j gymvwdiÕ ågY Kvwnwbg~jK MÖš’wU †K iPbv K‡ib? M DRvbZjxi nv‡U N †gNbvi nv‡U Q
K ‰mq` gRyZev Avjx L RmxgD`&&`xb 85. ÔGZUzKz Zv‡i N‡i G‡bwQby †mvbvi gZb gyL, cyZz‡ji we‡q †f‡O
M KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg N Beªvnxg Luv Q †Mj e‡j †Ku‡` fvmvBZ eyK|Õ cO&w³wU †Kvb Kwei iPbv?
70. †KvbwU RmxgD`&&`x‡bi ågYKvwnwb? K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L Kwe RmxgD`&&`xb
K b·x Kvu_vi gvV L †h †`‡k gvbyl eo M Ave`yj Kvwì N mywdqv Kvgvj Q
M cÙivM N VvKzi evwoi Avw½bvq Q 86. wb‡Pi †Kvb Kwe †jvKmvwnZ¨ msMÖvnK wQ‡jb?
71. †KvbwU RmxgD`&&`x‡bi Kve¨ bq? K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L mgi †mb
K gvwUi Kvbœv L gvwUi gvqv M Aveyj †nv‡mb N RmxgD`&&`xb S
M nvmy N GK cqmvi evuwk Q 87. Ôev‡ci evwo‡Z hvBevi Kv‡j KwnZ awiqv cv Avgv‡i, †`wL‡Z
72. cjøxKwe RmxgD`&&`x‡bi Dcb¨vm †gvU KqwU? hvBI wKš‘ DRvb-Zjxi Muv|Õ cO&w³wUi iPwqZv †K?
K GKwU L `yBwU
K RmxgD`&&`xb L Ave`yj Kvwì
M eviwU N †PŠÏwU P
M m‡Z›`ªbv_ `Ë N bexbP›`ª †mb P
73. ÔAvmgvbx‡i †`L‡Z hw` †Zvgiv m‡e PvIÕ cO&w³wU †Kvb Kwei
88. CkîP›`ª we`¨vmvMi †Kv_vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib?
†jLv?
K †gw`bxcyi L ea©gvb
K †gvRv‡¤§j nK L Kvwnbx ivq
M PweŸk ciMYv N b`xqv P
M RmxgD`&&`xb N m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë R
89. Kvwj`v‡mi ÔAwfÁvb kKzšÍjgÕ bvUKwU g~jZ †Kvb fvlvq iwPZ?
74. Avmgvbx‡i †`L‡Z †Kv_vq †h‡Z n‡e?
K evsjv fvlvq L wnw›` fvlvq
K Rvgvjcyi L gaycyi
M ms¯‹…Z fvlvq N eªReywj fvlvq R
M imyjcyi N †kicyi R
90. Ômaevi GKv`kxÕ cªnmbwUi iPwqZv †K?
75. †Kvb Kwei bvgvbymv‡i XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q GKwU QvÎvev‡mi
K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L wMixkP›`ª †mb
bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q?
M `xbeÜy wgÎ N ZvivPiY wkK`vi R
K RmxgD`&&`xb L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
91. ÔjxjveZxÕ Mªš’wU msµvšÍ wb‡gœv³ †Kvb Z_¨wU mwVK
M mywdqv Kvgvj N †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv P
K bvUK, `xbeÜy wgÎ
76. ÔKeiÕ KweZvi †jLK †K?
L Kve¨ Mªš’, wMwikP›`ª †Nvl
K gybxi †PŠayix L iRbxKvšÍ †mb
M Dcb¨vm, Kvjxcªmbœ wmsn
M iIkb BRv`vix N RmxgD`&&`xb S
N iƒcK_vi m¤¢vi P
77. QvÎve¯’vq iwPZ †Kvb Kwei KweZv KjKvZvi cvV¨cy¯Í‡K AšÍf©y³
n‡qwQj? 92. ÔRvgvB evwiKÕ bvUKwU Kvi iPbv?
K Ave`yjøvn Avj gvgyb L AvjvDÏxb Avjv AvRv`
K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L RmxgD`&&`xb
M `xbeÜy wgÎ N †mwjg Avj `xb R
M kvgmyi ivngvb N wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y Q
78. ÔKeiÕ KweZv †Kvb Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z? 93. Ômaevi GKv`kxÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv?
K evjyPi L ivLvjx K cÖnmb L Uªv‡RWx
M avb‡ÿZ N †mvRb evw`qvi NvU Q M K‡gwW N bKkv P
79. RmxgD`&&`x‡bi ÔKeiÕ KweZv iPbvi mg‡qÑ 94. Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwU KZ mv‡j cªKvwkZ nq?
K ¯‹z‡j c‡ob L K‡j‡R c‡ob K 1857 mv‡j L 1858 mv‡j
M wek¦we`¨vj‡q c‡ob N AvBb wefv‡M c‡ob Q M 1849 mv‡j N 1860 mv‡j S
80. RmxgD`&&`x‡bi ÔKeiÕ KweZv †Kvb cwÎKvq cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq? 95. `xbeÜy wgÎ PvKyix Ki‡ZbÑ
K ZË¡‡evwabx cwÎKv L a~g‡KZz K wk¶v wefv‡M L AvBb wefv‡M
M K‡jøvj N Kvwj I Kjg R M WvK wefv‡M N msev`c‡Î R

96. Bs‡iR bxjKi‡ì AZ¨vPv‡i AwZó K„lK Rxe‡bi `ytL-Kó †Kvb 108. †eMg †iv‡Kqvi Rb¥¯’vb †Kvb †Rjvq?
bvU‡Ki g~j DcRxe¨? K iscyi L w`bvRcyi
K Rwg`vi `c©Y L bxj`c©Y M e¸ov N ivRkvnx P
M KxwZ©wejvm N evey Kvwnbx Q 109. mvLvIqvZ †g‡gvwiqvj Mvj©m ¯‹yj cÖwZwôZ nq KZ mv‡j?
97. `xbeÜy wgÎ †Kvb †kªYxi mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡ib? K 1805 mv‡j L 1836 mv‡j
K Dcb¨vm LKve¨ M 1809 mv‡j N 1811 mv‡j R
M bvUK N cÖeÜMªš’ R 110. †KvbwU †eMg †iv‡Kqvi weL¨vZ Mªš’?
98. `xbeÜy wg‡Îi †Kvb bvU‡Ki Awfbq †`L‡Z G‡m Ck¦iP›`ª K KÚgvjv L Ae‡ivaevwmbx
we`¨vmvMi g‡Â Ry‡Zv Qyu‡o †g‡iwQ‡jb? M cvjv †gŠ N cvqive›` Q
K maevi GKv`kx L RvgvB evwiK 111. †eMg †iv‡Kqv KZ wLª÷v‡ã Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib?
M bxj`c©Y N jxjveZx R K 1870 L 1875
99. evsjv fvlvq cª_g Av_©-mvgvwRK ivR‰bwZK wel‡q bvUK †j‡Lb- M 1880 N 1885 R
K gxi gkviid †nv‡mb L `xbeÜy wgÎ 112. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gymjgvb iwPZ gnvKve¨?
M iex›`ªbv_ VvKyi N gybxi †PŠayix Q K îeZK L gnvk¥kvb
100. Ôbxj`c©Y †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? M cjvkxi hy× N Kziæ‡¶Î Q
K bvUK L Dcb¨vm 113. Kwe Kvq‡Kvev` iwPZ 'Akªægvjv' †Kvb RvZxq iPbv?
M cÖnmb N †QvUMí P K MíMªš’ L Kve¨
101. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g bvixev`x †jwLKv †K? M Dcb¨vm N MxwZKve¨ S
K Zmwjgv bvmwib 114. ÔAkªægvjvÕ I Ôgnvk¥kvbÕ Kvi iPbv?
L ûgvqyb AvRv`
K iex›`ªbv_ L Kvq‡Kvev`
M †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb
M bRiæj I kir N kir I iex›`ªbv_ Q
N mywdqv Kvgvj R
115. Ôwkegw›ìÕ Kve¨Mª‡š’i iPwqZv †K?
102. †eMg †iv‡Kqvi wcZvi bvg Kx?
K †Mvwe›`ªP›`ª `vm L Kvq‡Kvev`
K gwmû¾vgvb mv‡ei
M A¶q Kygvi miKvi N bexbP›`ª †mb Q
L RûiDÏxb mv‡ei
116. ÔAvhvbÕ KweZvwU Kvi iwPZ?
M Rwni DÏxb Avey Avjx nvq`vi mv‡ei
K Avnmvb nvexe L Kvq‡Kvev`
N Ave`yi ingvb Avey Rvqmvg mv‡ei R
M Rmxg DÏxb N kvgmyi ingvb Q
103. †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb Gi Rb¥ mvj-
117. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Kvq‡Kvev` iwPZ gnvKve¨?
K 1870 mv‡j L 1875 mv‡j
K AkÖægvjv L gnvk¥kvb
M 1880 mv‡j N 1885 mv‡j R
M ejveb N †gNbvèa Q
104. †eMg †iv‡Kqv †jLbx aviY K‡iwQ‡jb-
118. Kvq‡Kvev‡ì †Kvb Mªš’wU cvwbc‡_i Z„Zxq hy‡×i cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ?
K mv¤úª`vwqKZvi weiæ‡×
K Awgqaviv L gniig kixd
L bvix‡ì ag©xq wk¶vq AbycªvwYZ Ki‡Z
M Akªægvjv N gnvk¥kvb S
M wkï‡ì‡K bxwZK_v wk¶v w`‡Z
N mgv‡R cªPwjZ Kyms¯‹v‡ii weiæ‡× S
119. Kvq‡Kvev‡ì iPbv bq †KvbwU?
K gnvk¥kvb L Akªægvjv
105. 9 wW‡m¤î-
M wPšÍvZiw½bx N wein wejvc R
K Kb¨v wkï wèm L †iv‡Kqv wèm
M Avwèvmx wèm N hye wèm Q 120. Akªægvjv'i Kwe †K?
106. †eMg †iv‡Kqvi iPbv †KvbwU? K gxi gkviid †nv‡mb L Kvq‡Kvev`
K gwZPyi L Kv‡cjv M †gvRv‡¤§j nK N BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx Q
M åvwšÍwejvm N mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS P 121. gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi bvUK †KvbwU?
107. †Kvb `y'wU Mªš’ †eMg i‡Kqvi iPbv? K bwUi c~Rv L †eûjv MxZvwfbq
K Ae‡ivaevwmbx I µxZ`v‡mi nvwm M bexb Zcw¯^bx N K…òKzgvix Q
L cÙivM I Ae‡ivaevwmbx 122. ÔemšÍKzgvixÕ bvUK Kvi iPbv?
M †`vjbPuvcv I gwZPyi K mÄxeKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq L gxi gkviid †nv‡mb
N †Lvqvebvgv I cÙivM Q M ‰mq` IqvjxDjøvn N knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi Q

1. ÔiZœcixÿvÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv- [46Zg wewmGm] 16. cw_K Zzwg c_ nvivBqvQ! -Kvi iPbv? [16Zg wewmGm]
K ivg‡gvnb ivq L AÿqKzgvi `Ë K ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq L Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi
M CkîP›`ª we`¨vmvMi N ivavbv_ wkK`vi R M Kvjx cÖmbœ wmsn N c¨vixPuv` wgÎ P
2. fx®§‡è †Lvkbexk ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi †Kvb MÖ‡š’i PwiÎ? 17. †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ Gi iPbv wb‡Pi †KvbwU? [39Zg wewmGm]
[46Zg wewmGm]
K AwMœexYv L cÙivM
K KgjvKvšÍ L †jvKinm¨
M i³ivM N †k‡li KweZv Q
M gywPivg ¸‡oi RxebPwiZ N hyMjv½yixq P
18. †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡m‡bi ÔgwZPziÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv?
3. `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvU‡Ki Bs‡iwR Abyev`K- [46Zg wewmGm] [38Zg wewmGm]
K Rïqv gvk©g¨vb L †WwfW †nqvi
K cÖeÜ L Dcb¨vm
M CkîP›`ª we`¨vmvMi N gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë S
M bvUK N AvZ¥Rxebx P
4. Òwe`¨vmvMi I evOvwj mgvRÓ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? [45Zg wewmGm] 19. ÔRxeb-PwiZÕ †Kvb ai‡bi MÖš’?
K webq †Nvl L mywebq †Nvl
K M`¨MÖš’ L Dcb¨vm
M webq fÆvPvh© N webq eg©Y P
M Kve¨MÖš’ N bvUK P
5. gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi †Kvb MÖ‡š’i DcRxe¨ wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi
20. †KvbwU RmxgD`&`x‡bi iPbv? [38Zg wewmGm]
we‡iva? [45Zg wewmGm]
K MvRx wgquvi e¯Ívbx L nvumyjx evu‡Ki DcK_v
K †Mv-Rxeb L Bmjv‡gi Rq
M fvIqvj M‡oi DcvL¨vb N VvKzievwoi AvwObv S
M Gi Dcvq Kx N emšÍKzgvix bvUK P
6. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi †Kv_vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? [43Zg wewmGm]
21. `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj-`c© Y Õ bvUK cÖ _g †Kv_v †_‡K cÖ K vwkZ nq?
[38Zg wewmGm]
K †PŠ‡ewiqv MÖvg, b`xqv L KuvVvjcvov MÖvg, PweŸk ciMbv
K KjKvZv L XvKv
M exiwmsn MÖvg, †gw`bxcyi N †èvb›`cyi MÖvg, ûMwj R
M jÛb N gywk©`vev` Q
7. †KvbwU Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii AvZ¥Rxebx? [35Zg wewmGm]
22. †KvbwU RwmgD`&&`x‡bi bvUK? [36Zg wewmGm cixÿv]
K ¯§„wZ K_vgvjv L AvZ¥K_v
K ivLvjx L gvwUi Kvbœv
M AvZ¥PwiZ N Avgvi K_v R
M †e‡ì †g‡q N †evev Kvwnbx R
8. ÔKcvj KzÐjvÕ †Kvb cÖK…wZi iPbv? [35Zg wewmGm]
23. †Kvb Kve¨wU cwjø Kwe RmxgD`& ` xb iwPZ? [24Zg wewmGm cixÿv]
K †ivgvÝg~jK Dcb¨vm L HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm
K ˆPZvjx L. ivLvjx
M we‡qvMvšÍK bvUK N mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm P
9. evsjv mvwn‡Zï RbK wn‡m‡e Kvi bvg wPi¯§iYxq? [34Zg wewmGm] M dwbgbmv N. Av‡jv c„w_ex Q
K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq 24. †KvbwU `xbeÜz wg‡Îi iPbv? [26Zg wewmGm cixÿv]
M Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi N ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq S K Kg‡j Kvwgbx L Pÿz`vb
10. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi Ôwele„ÿÕ Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ †KvbwU? M weaev weevn N f`ªvRy©b P
[33Zg wewmGm] 25. †Kvb MÖš’wU XvKv †_‡K cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ? [16Zg wewmGm cixÿv]
K Kz›`bw›`bx L k¨vgmy›ìx K †gNbvèa Kve¨ L `y‡M©kbw›`bx
M wegjv N †ivwnbx P M bxj`c© Y N AwMœexYv R
11. evsjv M‡`ï RbK †K? [31Zg wewmGm] 26. ÔRwg`vi `c©YÕ bvUKwUi bvU¨Kvi †K? [e¯¿ Awa`ß‡ii Awdm mnvqK
K Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi L ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq cixÿv-2024]
M DBwjqvg †Kix N iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi P K gybxi †PŠayix L gxi gkviid †nv‡mb
12. ew¼gP›`ª †Kvb cwÎKvi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb? [25Zg wewmGm] M gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë N Rwni ivqnvb Q
K †e½j †M‡RU L e½`k©b 27. evsjv mvwn‡Zï ÔD`vmxbÕ cw_KÕ †K? [ evsjv‡`k miKvwi Kg©Kwgkb
M Ávbv‡š^lY N msev` Q (wmwbqi ÷vd bvm©)-2024]
13. Ômvg¨Õ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? [24Zg wewmGm (evwZj)] K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L gxi gkviid †nv‡mb
K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L †gvnv¤§` eiKZDjøvn M RmxgD`&`xb N `xbeÜz wgÎ Q
M ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq N †gvnv¤§` jyZdi ingvb R 28. †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡m‡bi MÖ š ’ - [evsjv‡`k miKvwi Kg© K wgkb (wmwbqi
14. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii ÔåvwšÍwejvmÕ †Kvb bvU‡Ki M`¨ Abyev`? ÷vd bvm©)-2024]
[23Zg wewmGm] K Ae‡ivaevwmbx L Av‡bvqviv
K gv‡P©›U Ae †fwbm L G wgWmvgvi bvBUm wWªg M †Rvniv N iRbx P
M K‡gwW Ae Giim N †Uwgs Ae w` kÖæ R 29. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ _ g bvixev`x †jwLKv †K? [ evsjv‡`k WvK wefvM
15. †ivwnYx †Kvb Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ? [16Zg I 12Zg wewmGm] (†cv÷g¨vb/ivbvi/Awdm mnvqK)-2024]
K Avb›`gV L `y‡M©kbw›`bx K mywdqv Kvgvj L †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb
M wele„ÿ N K…òKv‡šÍi DBj S M Kz m y g Kz gvix †èx N myjZvbv Kvgvj Q

30. ÔcÙivMÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? [evsjv‡`k WvK wefvM (†cv÷g¨vb/ivbvi/ 43. Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvwUi iPwqZv †K? [ivDRK (BgivZ cwi`k©K)Õ22]
Awdm mnvqK)-2024] K mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq L mg‡ik gRyg`vi
K Mí L cÖeÜ M ûgvq~b Avn‡g` N gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë S
M Kve¨MÖš’ N Dcb¨vm S 44. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì cÖeZ©K †K? [†cv.†R.D. (ivRkvnx)
31. Ôbxj`c©YÕ GKwU- [ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©vÕ22] (D”PZi mnKvix)Õ22; cÖv.M.g. (mnKvix Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi
K Kv‡eï bvg L †QvUMí (ATEO))Õ16]
K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L ey×‡è emy
M bvUK N Dcb¨vm R
M kvgmyi ivngvb N gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë S
32. `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwU Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib †K?
[40Zg wewmGmÕ2019; ev.c.we.†ev. (†Rbv‡ij g¨v‡bRvi-cÖkvmb/ gvbem¤ú`) 45. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g mv_©K Uªv‡RwW bvUK †KvbwU? [35Zg wewmGm
Õ15; c.c.A. (cwievi Kj¨vY cwi`wk©Kv)Õ23; A.g.Rv.m.c. (mnKvix
Õ22; we.ev.G.wj (mnKvix eë¯’cK (†UªBwb †Rbv‡ij)Õ21; ev.†e.P.K
cwiPvjK) Õ09; m.g. (Dc‡Rjv mgvR‡mev Awdmvi)Õ08]
(mnKvix wbivcËv Kg©KZ©v)Õ21]
K K…òKzgvix L kwg©ôv
K c¨vixPuv` wgÎ L gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
M maevi GKv`kx N bxj`c©Y P
M cÖg_ †PŠayix N wØ‡R›`ªjvj ivq Q
46. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi iPbv bq? [dv.mv.wW.A. (†÷kb
33. Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwUi welqe¯‘ wK? [34Zg ewmGmÕ13; we.g. (e¨w³MZ Awdmvi)Õ22]
Kg©KZ©v)Õ22; m.g.m.A. (kni mgvR‡mev Awdmvi (nvmcvZvj))Õ07] K K…òKzgvix L kwg©ôv
K bxjKi‡ì AZ¨vPvi L fvlv Av‡›`vjb M AkÖægvjv N cÙveZx R
M Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb N †Z fvMv Av‡›`vjb P 47. Ôexiv½bv Kve¨Õ †Kvb RvZxq Kve¨? [Kv.wk.A. (wdwRK¨vj GWz‡Kkb
34. mvwnZ¨ m¤ªvU bv‡g L¨vZ †Kvb evsjv †jLK? [†cv.†Rv.D. (ivRkvnx) BÝUªv±i)Õ23]
(D”Pgvb mnKvix) Õ22; wk.cÖ.A. (Awdm mnvqK)Õ21; Z.g.P.cÖ.A. (K¨v‡givg¨vb) K gnvKve¨ L cÎKve¨
2019] M MxwZKve¨ N AvL¨vbKve¨ Q
K Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
48. mvMiùvwo MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib- [we.g. (e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©v)Õ22]
M ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq N wenvixjvj PµeZ©x R
K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L myax›`ªbv_ `Ë
35. Kg©Rxe‡b †WcywU g¨vwR‡÷ªU wQ‡jb †K? [we.g. (cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v)Õ22] M myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© N mg‡ik emy P
K ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq L kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq 49. AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã- [Kv.wk.A. (wdwRK¨vj GWz‡Kkb
M ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx N Avãyj I`y` P BÝUªv±i)Õ23]
36. evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm †KvbwU? [we.g. (cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v) K nvBKz L m‡bU
Õ22; g.wn.wb.wb.Kv.A. (AwWUi)Õ11] M eøvsKfvm© N wj‡gwiK R
K Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj L `y‡M©kbw›`bx 50. ÔGZÿ‡Y Awi›`g Kwnjv welv‡`Õ| GLv‡b ÔAwi›`gÕ †K? [ciivóª
M welv` wmÜz N euvab nviv Q gš¿Yvj‡qi e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©v)Õ22]
37. ÔmyjZvbvi ¯^cœÕ †Kvb ai‡bi MÖš’? [g.wn.wb.Kv. (Rywbqi AwWUi)Õ22] K j²Y L †gNbv`
K Kve¨ L Dcb¨vm M iveY N eiæY Q
M bvUK N cÖeÜ Q 51. ÔcÖfveZx m¤¢vlYÕ Kvi iPbv? [21Zg wewmGm]
38. †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb iwPZ MÖš’ †KvbwU? [39Zg wewmGm K †`‡e›`ª bv_ VvKzi L Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi
(we‡kl) (¯^v¯’¨ K¨vWvi)Õ18; ev.c.D.G. (mnKvix cwiPvjK)Õ22; ev.†e.we.P.K M ivg‡gvnb ivq N K…ò‡gvnb e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Q
(G‡ivWªvg Kg©KZ©v/BÝ‡c±i/mnKvix fvÐvi Kg©KZ©v)Õ21; ¯^v.g. (DcmnKvix 52. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? [cvm‡cvU© I Bwg‡MÖkb Awaaß‡ii
cÖ‡KŠkjx (wmwfj))Õ16] mnKvix cwiPvjKÕ14]
K cÙgwY L cÙveZx K 1996 mv‡j L 1802 mv‡j
M cÙ‡MvLiv N cÙivM S M 1820 mv‡j N 1848 mv‡j R
39. evsjv m‡b‡Ui cÖeZ©K †K? [ev.c.we.†ev. (mnKvix mwPe/mnKvix cwiPvjK 53. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi †Kvb kZ‡Ki gvbyl? [mnKvix Dc‡Sjv _vbv wkÿv
(cÖkvmb))Õ23] AwdmviÕ16]
K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi K 14 gZK L 15 kZK
M †`‡e›`ªbv_ †mb N †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi P M 17 kZK N 19 kZK S
40. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvwU †K wj‡L‡Qb? [ev.c.we.†ev. (Kw¤úDUvi 54. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii cvwievwiK c`we †KvbwU? [evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
gy`ªvÿwiK Kvg-Awdm mnKvix)Õ23] mnKvix cwiPvjKÕ08]
K Rxebvb›` `vk L RmxgDÏxb K †PŠayix L VvKzi
M gaym~`b `Ë N iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi R M PµeZ©x N e‡›`¨vcva¨vq S
41. Ôm‡bUÕ kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K AvMZ? [gv.D.wk.A. (wnmve mnKvix Õ23] 55. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii cvwievwiK bvg- [Rbkw³ I cÖwkÿY ey¨‡ivi
DcmnKvix cwiPvjKÕ01]
K Rvg©vwb L Bs‡iwR
K Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi L Ck¦iP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
M BZvwjqvb N †d«Â R M Ck¦i kg©v N Ck¦iP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq Q
42. †KvbwU gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi cÎKve¨? [36Zg wewmGm;16; 56. evsjv weivgwP‡ýi ¯ªóv †K? [wewfbœ gš¿Yvj‡q/wefvM/Awa`ß‡ii e¨w³MZ
gv.D.wk.A. (Awdm mnKvix Kvg-Kw¤úDUvi gy`ªvÿwiK)Õ22; Lv.A. (mnKvix Kg©KZ©v (gyw³‡hv×v †KvUv) c‡` wb‡qvM cixÿv: 2018; DËiv e¨vsK (K¨vk)-
Dc-Lv`¨ cwi`k©K)Õ21; m.g. (Dc‡Rjv mgvR‡mev Awdmvi)Õ08] 2017]
K eªRv½bv L wejv‡Zi cÎ K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L c¨vixPuv` wgÎ
M exi½bv N wngvjq R M †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi N Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi S

57. Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii †gŠwjK MÖš’− [¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvj‡qi 70. Ôey‡ov kvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iuvÕ cÖnmbwUi iPwqZv †K? [ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi
¯^v¯’¨ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ß‡ii Gw÷‡gUi (cyi) 2019 ;DËiv e¨vsK (K¨vk)- 2017; cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v- Õ03]
cÖevmx Kj¨vY I ê‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc-mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2017] K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L gxi gkviid †nv‡mb
K cÖfveZx m¤¢vlY L kKzšj Í v M KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg N iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi P
M åvwšÍwejvm N evsjvi BwZnvm P 71. `xbeÜz wg‡Îi cÖnmb †KvbwU? [28Zg wewmGm]
58. evsjv fvlvq weivgwP‡ýi eënvi †Kvb mvj †_‡K ïiæ nq? K ey‡ov kvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iuv L we‡q cvMjv ey‡ov
[Kg©ms¯’vb I cÖwkÿY ey¨‡ivi Dc-cwiPvjK: 2007] M wKwÂZ Rj‡hvM N Kwé AeZvi Q
K 1847 L 1874 72. evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g Av_©mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK wel‡q bvUK †j‡Lb-
M 1889 N 1923 P [mÂq cwi`ß‡ii mnKvix cwiPvjK: Õ19]
59. †KvbwU Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii iPbv? [Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wefv‡Mi K gxi gkviid †nv‡mb L `xbeÜz wgÎ
mnKvix †bUIqvK© BwÄwbqvi 2019] M iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi N gybxi †PŠayix Q
K û‡Zvg cu¨vPvi bKkv L KxwZ©wejvm 73. weL¨vZ Ôbxj`c©YÕ bvUKwUi Bs‡iwR Abyev` Kx bv‡g cÖKvwkZ
M †eZvj cÂweskwZ N kwg©ôv R
n‡qwQj? [PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv (N BDwbU)- Õ02-Õ03]
60. gaym~`b `Ë iwPZ MxwZg©x iPbv †KvbwU? [¯^v¯’¨ I cwieviKj¨vY K cø¨vw›Us wgii BwÛ‡Mv L BwÛ‡Mv cø¨vw›Us Ae wgii
gš¿Yvj‡qi ¯^v¯’¨ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ß‡ii Gw÷‡gUi(Zwor) 2019]
M wgii cø¨vw›Us BwÛ‡Mv N eøywgi Q
K cÙveZx L K…òKzgvix
M exiv½bv N eªRv½bv
74. KZ mv‡j Ô`y‡M©kbw›`bxÕ Dcb¨vm cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq? [43Zg wewmGm]
P
K 1860 L 1861
61. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K bvU¨Kvi †K? [¯^v¯’¨ I cwieviKj¨vY
gš¿Yvj‡qi ¯^v¯’¨ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ß‡ii mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (Zwor) 2019] M 1865 N 1867 R
K wMwikP›`ª †Nvl L gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë 75. evsjv AvaywbK Dcb¨vm-Gi cÖeZ©K wQ‡jb- [40Zg wewmGm]
M `xbeÜz wgÎ N iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Q K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L c¨vixPuv` wgÎ
62. Ôe½fvlvÕ kxl©K m‡bU iPbvq gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë Aej¤^b M Ck¦ i P›`ª we`¨vmvMi N ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq S
K‡i‡Qb †Kvb ixwZ? [DËiv e¨vsK (K¨vk)- 2017] 76. ÔwKš‘ gvby l ¨ KL‡bv cvlvY nq bvÕ Dw³wU †Kvb Dcb¨v‡mi? [40Zg
K †k·cxqixq L †k·cxqixq I †cÎvK©xq wewmGm]
K iex›`ªbv‡_i Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ
M †cÎvK©xq N Kwei GKvšÍ wbR¯^ R
L kirP‡›`ªi Ôc‡_i `vexÕ
63. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi RxebKvj− [Z_¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb MY‡hvMv‡hvM
Awa`ß‡ii mnKvix Z_¨ Awdmvi: Õ13] M kIKZ Imgv‡bi ÔµxZ`v‡mi nvwm
K 1822-1873 L 1824-1875 N ew¼gP‡›`ªi ÔivRwmsnÕ S
M 1824-1873 N 1825-1880 R 77. ÔcÖ ` xc wbwfqv †Mj!Õ -G weL¨vZ eY© b v †Kvb Dcb¨v‡mi? [37Zg
wewmGm]
64. Ô†gNbvèaÕ Kve¨wU KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq? [mgvR‡mev Awa`ß‡ii
cÖ‡ekb Awdmvi: Õ13] K ew¼gP‡›`ªi Ôwele„ÿÕ L iex›`ªbv‡_i Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ
K 1861 mv‡j L 1862 mv‡j M ew¼gP‡›`ªi ÔKcvjKzÐjvÕ N iex›`ªbv‡_i Ô†hvMv‡hvMÕ R
M 1863 mv‡j N 1865 mv‡j P 78. ÔZz wg Aag ZvB ewjqv Avwg DËg bv nBe †Kb?Õ ÑDw³wU Kvi?
65. AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g we‡`ªvnx KweÑ [mnKvix cwiPvjK [32Zg wewmGm; weAviwWwe Dc‡Rjv cÖKí Kg©KZ©v: Õ18; cÖv_wgK mnKvix
wkÿK cixÿ: Õ93]
(cÖavbgš¿x Kvh©vjq) cixÿv: Õ15; _vbv mnKvix wkÿv Awdmvi: Õ05]
K Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
L
K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
M iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
N Q
M iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi N diiæL Avng` P
66. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi cÖavb Ae`vb †KvbwU? [Kg©ms¯’vb cÖwkÿY 79. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi ÔK…òKv‡šÍi DBjÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb `ywU
ey¨‡ivi Dc-cwiPvjK- Õ07] Pwi‡Îi bvgÑ [13Zg wewmGm]
K gnvKve¨ iPbv L †`k‡cÖg welqK iPbv K b‡M›`ªbv_ I Kz›`bw›`bx L gaym~`b I Kzgyw`bx
M m‡b‡Ui cÖeZ©b N cÖnmb iPwqZv P M †Mvwe›`jvj I †ivwnbx N my‡ik I A‡Pjv R
67. ÔgvqvKvbbÕ gvB‡Kj gaym~`‡bi †Kvb RvZxq iPbv? [cjøx Dbœqb 80. ÔBw›ìvÕ MÖš’wU Kvi iPbv? [cvm‡cvU© GÛ Bwg‡MÖkb Awa`ß‡ii mnKvix
†ev‡W©i wnmve mnKvix Õ14; Kg©ms¯’vb e¨vsK Awdmvi: 07] cwiPvjK: Õ07]
K bvUK L Kve¨MÖš’ K kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq c¨vwiPuv` wgÎ
L
M gnvKve¨ N KweZv P M ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
N R
68. ÔG‡KB wK e‡j mf¨ZvÕ GwU gaym~`b `‡Ëi Kx RvZxq iPbv? [bvwms 81. †Kvb Dcb¨vmwU ew¼gP›`ª iPbv K‡ibwb? [wewfbœ gš¿Yvj‡qi mnKvix
I wgWIqvBdvwi Awa`ß‡ii wmwbqi ÷vd bvm©- 2021; kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ BwÄwbqvi- Õ17]
gš¿Yvj‡qi mnKvix kÖg Awdmvi: Õ03] K KcvjKzÐjv g„Yvwjbx
L
K Kve¨ L cÖnmb M wele„ÿ †è`vmN S
M gnvKve¨ N Dcb¨vm Q 82. e½`k©b mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvi cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K †K wQ‡jb? [wewfbœ
69. evsjv Kv‡e¨ AvaywbKZvi cw_K…r †K? [Lv`¨ Awa`ß‡ii Lv`¨ cwi`k©K: 10] gš¿Yvj‡qi mnKvix †cÖvMÖvgvi :17]
K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë L iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L Ck¦iP›`ª ¸ß
M Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi N ew¼g P‡Ævcva¨vq P M ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq N cÖ_g †PŠayix R

83. †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡m‡bi ÔgwZP~iÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? [38Zg 96. †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ iwPZ Dcb¨vm †KvbwU? [K…wl m¤úªmviY
wewmGm] Awa`ß‡ii DcmnKvix K…wl Kg©KZ©v -10.12.21]
K cÖeÜ L Dcb¨vm K wbe©vwmZ LA‡±vcvm
M bvUK N AvZ¥Rxebx P Mivqbw›`bx N cÙivM S
84. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq iwPZ Dcb¨vm †KvbwU? [¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx 97. ÔAe‡ivaevwmbxÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? [we Avi wU G †gvUihvb cwi`k©K: Õ17]
Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvj‡qi mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx (wmwfj)- 2017]
K BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRxL beve dqRy‡bœmv †PŠayivbx
K ¯¿x-PwiÎ L ivRwl©
M †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb
M †Nvokx N iRbx S
N †gvnv¤§` bwReyi ingvb R
85. †KvbwU ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi iPbv? [ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi mvBdvi
Awdmvi: Õ12] 98. †eMg †iv‡Kqvi †kÖô cÖeÜMÖš’ †KvbwU? [_vbv mnKvix wkÿv Awdmvi: Õ04]
K †bŠKvWywe L †Mviv K Ae‡ivaevwmbx L cÙivM
M N‡i evB‡i N wele„ÿ S M myjZvbvi ¯^cœ N gwZP~i P
86. Ô†èx †PŠayivYxÕ Dcb¨vmwUi iPwqZv †K? [cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq mnKvix 99. †KvbwU †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡m‡bi MÖš’ bq? [P.we mvgvwRK Abyl`
wkÿK wb‡qvM cixÿv: Õ12] 2012-13]
K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi L kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq K cÙivM L Ae‡ivaevwmbx
M ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq N KvRx Bg`v`yj nK R M gwZP~i N muv‡Si gvqv S
87. †KvbwU ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi iPbv bq? [Z_¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb 100. RmxgD`&`x‡bi iPbv †KvbwU? [40Zg wewmGm]
MY‡hvMv‡hvM Awa`ß‡ii mnKvix Z_¨ Awdmvi: Õ13]
K hv‡ì †`‡LwQ L c‡_-cÖev‡m
K `y‡M©kbw›`bx L iRbx
M Kvj wbiewa N fwel¨‡Zi evOvjx P
M KgjvKv‡šÍi `ßi N ivqbw›`bx S
88. Ôevsjvi ¯‹UÕ ejv nqÑ [ †emvgwiK wegvb I ch©Ub gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb 101. Ôgv †h Rbbx Kv‡›`Õ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? [24Zg wewmGm]
cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v :2005] K Kve¨ L bvUK
K ivgivg emy L g„Zz¨Äq we`¨vj¼vi‡K M Dcb¨vm N. cÖeÜ P
M PÐxPiY gybkx‡K N ew¼gP›`ª‡K S 102. Kwe RmxgD`&`x‡bi RxebKvj †KvbwU? [14Zg wewmGm]
89. gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi RxebKvj †KvbwU? [mÂq cwi`ß‡ii mnKvix K 1903-1976 Bs L 1889-1966 Bs
cwiPvjK: Õ07] M 1899-1979 Bs N 1910-1987 Bs P
K 1868-1944 L 1820-1891
103. ÔKeiÕ KweZvwU cÖ_g hLb ¯‹zj cvV¨ wn‡m‡e AšÍf©y³ nq ZLb
M 1847-1911 N 1824-1874 R
RmxgD`&`xb wQ‡jbÑ [DËiv e¨vsK (K¨vk)- Õ17]
90. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g gymwjg bvU¨Kvi †K? [Kg©ms¯’vb I cÖwkÿY
K K‡jR QvÎ L wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ
ey¨‡ivi Dc-cwiPvjK: Õ07]
K gxi gkviid †nv‡mb L KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg M K‡jR wkÿK N wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK P
M Aveyj dRj N kIKZ Imgvb P 104. †KvbwU RmxgD`& ` x‡bi Kve¨ bq? [mnKvix ivR¯^ Kg© K Z© v c‡` wb‡qvM
91. gxi gkviid †nv‡mb wjwLZ wb‡Pi iPbv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU bvUK? cixÿv: Õ15]
[`yb©xwZ `gb ey¨‡ivi cwi`k©K: Õ03] K gvwUi gvqv L †mvRb evw`qvi NvU
K iZœeZx L D`vmxb cw_‡Ki g‡bi K_v M bKkx Kuv_vi gvV N avb‡ÿZ P
M Rwg`vi `c©Y N welv`-wmÜz R 105. RmxgD`&&`x‡bi cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ Kve¨MÖš’wUi bvg Kx? [mgvR‡mev
92. Ôwelv`-wmÜzÕ †Kvb hy‡Mi MÖš’? [mgevq Awa`ß‡i 2q †kÖwYi †M‡R‡UW Awa`ß‡ii cÖ‡ekb Awdmvi: Õ13]
Awdmvi: Õ97] K ivLvjx L †mvRb evw`qvi NvU
K cÖvPxb hy‡Mi L AvaywbK hy‡Mi M bKkx Kuv_vi gvV N evjyPi P
M ga¨hy‡Mi N AšÍtga¨hy‡Mi Q
106. ÒKuvPv av‡bi cvZvi gZ KwP gy‡Li gvqvÓ− Kwe Kvi cÖm‡½
93. gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi Ôwelv`-wmÜyÕ †Kvb HwZnvwmK NUbv
e‡j‡Qb? [kÖg cwi`ß‡ii RbmsL¨v I cwievi Kj¨vY Kg©KZ©v : Õ09]
Aej¤^‡b wjwLZ? [`y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv ey¨‡iv mnKvix cwiPvjK: Õ01]
K mvRy L `ywj
K Kvievjvi hy× L cvwbc‡_i hy×
M iƒcvB N †mvRb R
M cjvkxi hy× N evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× P
94. Kvq‡Kvev‡ì g~j bvg Kx? [Rywbqi AwWUi c‡` cixÿv: Õ14] 107. Òeuvkwi Avgvi nvwi‡q †M‡Q evjyi P‡i−
K gxR©v Kvq‡Kvev` L Kv‡Rg Avj †Kv‡ikx †Kg‡b cwke †Mvab jBqv †Mvqvj N‡i|Ó ÑGwU †Kvb Kwei iPbv?
M kvn Kv‡Rg web nvB N Kvq‡Kvev` web nvB Q [Dc‡Rjv mgvR‡mev Awdmvi : Õ06]
95. ÔKvq‡Kvev‡ì cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU? [Kg©ms¯’vb I cÖwkÿY ey¨‡ivi Dc- K Kwe †Mvwe›`P›`ª `vk
cwiPvjK: Õ07] L Kwe Bw`ªm Avjx
K P¤úveZx L M½vgwY M Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
M jvRyKjZv N wein wejvc S N Kwe RmxgD`&`xb S

108. ÒAvmgvbx‡i †`L‡Z hw` †Zvgiv mevB PvIÓ−cO&w³wU †Kvb Kwei 111. Ôcv‡ÄixÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ? [gwnjv I wkïwelqK gš¿Yvj‡qi
†jLv? [evsjv‡`k miKvix Kg©Kwgk‡bi mnKvix cwiPvjK : Õ06] Aax‡b Dc‡Rjv gwnjv welqK Kg©KZ©v- Õ18; PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv,
(P BDwbU) : Õ03-04]
K †gvRv‡¤§j nK L Kvwgbx ivq
K Aÿie„Ë L ¯îe„Ë
M RmxgD`&`xb N m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë R
M gvÎve„Ë N gy³K R
109. Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I HwZn¨ †Kvb Kv‡eï DcRxe¨? [13Zg wewmGm]
K b~ibvgvÑ Ave`yj nvwKg
112. Ôùvwo-gy‡L mvwi Mvb-jv kixK Avjøvn! Ôùvwo-gyLÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv
L mvZ mvM‡ii gvwSÑ diiæL Avng` n‡q‡Q− [BKB Awdmvi (K¨vk) : Õ17]
M w`jiæevÑ Aveyj Kvwì K k¥kÖægwÐZ gy‡L L Øvi iÿK‡ì gy‡L
N wRÄxiÑ KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Q M ù v wocvjø v Iqvjv‡ì gy ‡ L N gvwS‡ì gy‡L S
110. gymwjg †iu‡bmvi Kwe †K? [wewfbœ gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc-mnKvix cÖ‡KŠkjx 113. ÔwmivRvg gy b xivÕ †Kvb fvlvq iwPZ MÖ š ?
’ [ivRkvnx wek¦ w e`¨vjq fwZ©
(wmwfj): Õ18 / AMÖYx e¨vsK (wmwbqi Awdmvi) : Õ17] cixÿv (O BDwbU †Rvo): Õ13-Õ14; cÖv_wgK mnKvix wkÿK- 2000]
K diiæL Avng` L Avnmvb nvexe K evsjv L dviwm
M nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb N ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb P M Aviwe N D`y© P
----
-
1. Ô†cø nvDmÕ bv‡g i½vjq cÖwZwôZ nq KZ mv‡j? 6. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g mv_©K Uªv‡RwW bvUK †KvbwU?
K 1753 mv‡j L 1754 mv‡j K K…òKzgvix L maevi GKv`kx
M 1755 mv‡j N 1756 mv‡j M kwg©ôv N bxj`c©Y
2. ÔGZÿ‡Y Awi›`g Kwnjv welv‡`Õ| GLv‡b ÔAwi›`gÕ †K?
7. `xbeÜz wg‡Îi cÖnmb †KvbwU?
K j²Y L †gNbv`
K wPÎv½`v L we‡q cvMjv ey‡ov
M iveY N eiæY DËigvjv
M bx`c©Y N mvRvnvb
3. †KvbwU Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii AvZ¥Rxebx? 1 K
K ¯§„wZ K_vgvjv L AvZ¥K_v 8. evsjv mvwn‡Zï ÔD`vmxbÕ cw_KÕ †K? 2 L
M AvZ¥PwiZ N Avgvi K_v K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg L gxi gkviid †nv‡mb 3 M
4. ÔKcvj KzÐjvÕ †Kvb cÖK…wZi iPbv? M RmxgD`&`xb N `xbeÜz wgÎ 4 K
K †ivgvÝg~jK Dcb¨vm L HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm 9. ÔcÙivMÕ †Kvb ai‡bi iPbv? 5 L
M we‡qvMvšÍK bvUK N mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm
K Mí L cÖeÜ 6 K
5. Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I HwZn¨ †Kvb Kv‡eï DcRxe¨?
M Kve¨MÖš’ N Dcb¨vm 7 L
K wRÄxi - KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
10. Ôey‡ov kvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iuvÕ †Kvb RvZxq wkíKg©? 8 L
L mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS- diiæL Avng`
M w`jiæev - Avãyj Kvwì K Dcb¨vm L bvUK 9 N
N b~ibvgv - Ave`yj nvwKg M cÖnmb N †QvUMí 10 M

BCS Bangla, Lecture-9

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9 †jKPvi evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ B C S wcÖwjwgbvwi ◼ †jKPvi wkU

146 “Your Success Benchmark”

“Your Success Benchmark” 147

gvB‡Kj I Zuvi Ab~w`Z bvUK: gvB‡K‡ji Bs‡iwR cÖeÜvewj:

150 “Your Success Benchmark”

gxi gkviid †nv‡mb (1847-1911)

“Your Success Benchmark” 151

“Your Success Benchmark” 153

154 “Your Success Benchmark”

“Your Success Benchmark” 155

“Your Success Benchmark” 157

`xbeÜz wgÎ (1829-1873)

158 “Your Success Benchmark”

†iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb (1880-1932)

“Your Success Benchmark” 159

160 “Your Success Benchmark”

diiæL Avng` (1918-1974)

“Your Success Benchmark” 161

162 “Your Success Benchmark”

“Your Success Benchmark” 163

164 “Your Success Benchmark”

K gwZPyi L Kv‡cjv M †gvRv‡¤§j nK N BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx Q

“Your Success Benchmark” 165

166 “Your Success Benchmark”

“Your Success Benchmark” 167

168 “Your Success Benchmark”

“Your Success Benchmark” 169

170 “Your Success Benchmark”

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