ANG Pathology 2 Syllabus Fall 2023 RV 10.26.2023
ANG Pathology 2 Syllabus Fall 2023 RV 10.26.2023
ANG Pathology 2 Syllabus Fall 2023 RV 10.26.2023
Anguilla
Fall Semester
2023
CONTENTS
General 2
1. Course Description 2
2. Course Objectives 3
3. Resources 4
4. Library 4
5 MySJSM 4
6. Teaching Methods 5
7. Behavior and Appearance 5
8. Attendance Policy 5
9. Remediation 5
10. Student Evaluations 6
11. Assessment Protocol 6
12. Make-Up Exam 7
13. Grading Policy 7
14. Advancement 7
Anguilla Campus Specific 7
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15. Course Personnel 7
16. Course Content Outline 7
17. Course Lecture Schedule 10
GENERAL
1. COURSE DESCRIPTION
A. Pathology is the study of diseases and is organized into two major courses: Pathology I and
Pathology II. The Pathology I course presents the basic concepts in general pathology and the systemic
pathology of hematologic diseases. The Pathology II course presents the systemic pathology of vascular,
cardiac, lung, head and neck, gastrointestinal, liver and biliary, pancreatic, kidney, urinary, genital,
breast, endocrine, skin, bone and joint, muscle, nerve, and central nervous system diseases.
B. The Pathology II course is designed to provide the student with a broad knowledge and
understanding of the concepts and principles of disease pathology with special emphasis on diagnostics
and prognostic implications relevant to clinical practice.
C. Pathology I & II are major courses bridging the basic sciences and clinical medicine. Pathology
literally means the study (logos) of suffering (pathos). Pathology students explore the structural,
physiologic, and biochemical alterations of cells, tissues, and organs associated with diseases. The
fundamental aspects of each disease include:
1) Etiology or cause
2) Pathogenesis or the mechanism by which an etiologic agent results in a disease
3) Morphology studies the structure and form of cells, tissues, and organs and the course of the
disease.
4) Signs & Symptoms of the disease
5) Differential Diagnosis
6) Diagnostics: laboratory testing and results of radiologic and other Investigations
7) Prognosis of the disease
8) Clinical pathologic correlation, the correlation of morphology and laboratory data with the
clinical features of diseases
D. Good knowledge and understanding of Pathology are central to understanding other clinical
subjects. Therefore, clinical case scenarios, diagnostic investigations, and exercises in test result
interpretation will be provided throughout the course through lectures, student presentations,
laboratory sessions, and active learning assignments. In addition, the clinical relevance of disease
mechanisms, pathogenesis, and progression, will be emphasized for each system by demonstrating
gross pathology, histopathology, and alterations in laboratory tests.
E. Course content is continually being reviewed and updated in light of newly published literature in
the field. Refinements are made to improve clarity and flow. Case studies are included to help correlate
pathologic changes with clinical manifestations of diseases and to gain experience in deductive
reasoning, differential diagnosis, and arriving at the most likely diagnosis.
F. The student will acquire an evidence-based medicine approach to evaluating current therapeutic
options and treatment strategies.
G. Intuitive reasoning is encouraged to motivate students to research topics of interest in pathology
and to deliver class presentations on disease entities or case reports.
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H. The student will develop their critical thinking abilities to analyze data, assess conclusions, discuss
the differential diagnosis, interpret test results, and debate treatment options.
L. There are weekly practical microscopy laboratory sessions. The student will examine glass slides
with H&E stained tissue sections representative of all major pathologic processes, including
inflammation, adaptation, infection, neoplasia, and degenerative diseases.
M. A student requires prior knowledge of biology, inorganic and organic chemistry, anatomy,
physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, histology, and general pathology.
N. This Syllabus is subject to changes at any time at the discretion of the Course Director.
2. COURSE OBJECTIVES
A. Every student graduating from the Pathology II course is expected to have developed a
comprehension and knowledge of the etiologies, pathogenesis, structural and functional manifestations
of a wide range of systemic diseases, a vocabulary to communicate this knowledge, and the ability to
use this knowledge to solve diagnostic problems.
B. To learn and understand the biological principles which govern changes in cells and tissues as a
response to abnormal stimuli.
C. To develop skills in recognizing the pathologic hallJulyks of diseases at the gross, microscopic, and
ultra-structural levels.
D. To understand the dynamics of disease progression and to become aware of the natural course of
disease states and how medico-surgical interventions can modify the course of specific diseases. E. To
learn how Pathology as a medical specialty relates to and contributes to clinical medicine.
F. Pathology II course is designed to provide an in-depth knowledge of systemic pathology and the
interactions between disease processes at the molecular, cellular, organ, and holistic levels. G. By
the end of the Pathology II course, the medical student would be expected to have gained
• Knowledge (theory) of the classification and pathogenesis of the majority of disease entities and
the ability to correlate normal and altered morphologies (gross & microscopy) of different organ
systems
• An understanding of the various laboratory and imaging investigations necessary to make the
diagnosis
• Knowledge of the various factors that determine disease progression and prognosis
• Skills (the practice of pathology) to interpret and discuss the results of routine laboratory
investigations, including clinical pathology tests (hematology, serology, genetics, cytology,
histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometer), and key radiologic
findings
• An awareness of the standard methods of sample/specimen collection for routine investigations
• An understanding of procedures, like the PAP smear, that are used for cancer screening,
prevention, and monitoring
• Behaviors (attitudes) to appropriately utilize the services of a clinical laboratory in the diagnosis
and management of a clinical case
• An appreciation of when and how to utilize blood banking/transfusion services
• The ability to explain to the patient the results given in pathology reports (biopsy, surgical
specimen), imaging (endoscopy, colonoscopy, laparoscopy…), and radiology reports (X-ray,
ultrasound, CT / MRI / PET scans, angiography…)
• An understanding of ethical practices
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Intended Learning Outcomes
The followings are the intended learning outcomes (ILOs) / learning objectives for the Pathology 2
course.
The given learning objectives are detailed enough to serve as guidelines for study purposes.
Integration of the Basic Sciences in Medicine:
K1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18.
Integration of Clinical Skills and Knowledge:
S4, 12, 13, 16, 18, 24.
3. RESOURCES
Recommended:
• Robbins & Cotran, Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th /10th Edition, with Student Consult Online
Access, KuJuly, Abbas & Aster 2015. ISBN: 978-1-4557-2613-4
• Case Files Pathology. Toy, E.C., Uthman, M.O., Uthman, E. and Brown, E.J. 2nd Ed. 2008,
McGraw-Hill. eBook ISBN 0-07-164310-9, Print version ISBN 9780071486668
Optional:
• Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th Edition with Student Consult Online Access, KuJuly, Abbas & Aster,
2013. ISBN: 978-1-4377-1781-5
• Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology, 4th Edition with Student Consult Online Access, Klatt
and KuJuly 2015. ISBN: 978-4557-5155-6
• Illustrated Q&A Review of Rubin’s Pathology, 2th Edition
• Rubin, R., Strayer, D.S., Rubin’s Pathology, Cliniopathological Foundation of Medicine 7th Ed.
Saunders 2012. ISBN: 13:978-1-60547-968-2
• Golgan, E.F. Rapid Review Pathology 4th Ed. Saunders 2014, ISBN: 978-0-323-087878-2
• www. library.med.utah.edu/Web Path/webpath.html
• Practice questions: (a) USMLE Easy Website, (b) http://www.kaptest.com
4. LIBRARY
Students have access to the hard copy volumes in the Library as well as to online resources and licensed
access to journals and databases (www.sjsm.org/library). Students are expected to conform to the
expected standards of behavior in the Library. Food and drink of any form are strictly forbidden.
5. MySJSM
You have been provided with access to the online MySJSM system
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(www.sjsm.org/mysjsm-select). Use it to keep track of all course materials, your grades, and any
messages/communications related to the course.
6. TEACHING METHODS
Educational Objectives: At the beginning of the module, you will receive Syllabi with Educational
Objectives. The Educational Objectives will guide your studies and help you identify important subject
areas to be read in the text. These objectives are not necessarily comprehensive with respect to lecture
content, and examination questions are not limited to these items.
Each session is to be conducted based on direct student participation (active learning) and Faculty
lectures: When students need the material or do not understand it, they are urged to consult with the
Course Director or the faculty as soon as possible. Convenient contact information is available, and
telephone numbers and e-mail addresses are also published.
Teaching methods
The format will consist of didactic lectures followed by a variety of interactive sessions where lecture
material
is discussed in a clinical context. A clinical case wraps up session that integrates aspects of each discipline
presented in the lecture will conclude each of the sections listed above. Students are encouraged to
participate in these interactive sessions by asking and answering questions. It is advisable to review the
relevant lecture material and, where applicable, study the clinical cases and answer the questions posted
in advance. In addition, the AMBOSS platform as a study tool is provided, and the assignments using the
platform's q-bank will be given regularly. This will increase your understanding of the subject matter and
the faculty-student interaction during the sessions.
Please note that these sessions may introduce new information and review and reinforce lecture and
reading material.
8. ATTENDANCE POLICY
Students must attend all lectures on a regular basis. Anyone with less than 70% attendance in any block
will be penalized 20 points on their exam grade. Any further transgression and they may not be allowed
to take exams. Excuses have to be approved by the Examinations Committee in accordance with the
policy.
9. REMEDIATION
Students have access to the course faculty during all contact time, and 2 hours per week are put aside
for student interaction. Students are also provided with access to tutors if they so wish.
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10. STUDENT EVALUATIONS
Student evaluations of both course and faculty members are routinely carried out toward the end of
each semester.
All the questions are related to intended learning outcomes (i.e., learning objectives) and correspond to
USMLE STEP 1 CONTENT OUTLINE.
(http://www.usmle.org/Examinations/step1/step1_content.html) as well as to general and systemic
pathology objectives for undergraduate medical education proposed by the Group for Research in
Pathology Education (GRIPE) (http://peir.net/griper), and are written adhering to National Board of
Medical Examiners (NBME) guidelines as published in that organization's monograph Constructing
Written Test Questions For the Basic and Clinical Sciences, 3rd Edition (Revised), 2002.
A B C D
BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 BLOCK 4
Block 1 Exam (80%) Block 2 Exam (80%) Block 3 Exam (80%) NBME Exam (80%)
Active Learning (20%) Active Learning (20%) Active Learning (20%) Active Learning (20%)
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The final course score and grade will be calculated based on the following formula: (A+B+C+D)/4
14. ADVANCEMENT
All student performance and decisions on whether to allow advancement are assessed at the
Examinations Committee, which sits once per block.
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Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to list the etiology, explain the pathogenesis, describe
the morphological features, and state the clinical correlation of the following.
1. Normal heart & Heart failure
2. Valvular Heart Disease
3. Congenital Heart Diseases
4. IHD
5. Cardiomyopathy, Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Cardiac tumors &transplantation
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Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to list the etiology, explain the pathogenesis,
describe the morphological features, and state the clinical correlation of the following.
1. Normal congenital anomalies & Glomerular diseases (1)
2. Glomerular diseases (2) and Amyloidosis
3. Tubulointerstitial diseases and Nephrocalcinosis
4. Pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, cysts, and tumors of the kidney
5. Urinary Bladder- Cystitis, malakoplakia, and tumors of the bladder
Lectures MALE GENITAL SYSTEM [1-2]
Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to list the etiology, explain the pathogenesis,
describe the morphological features, and state the clinical correlation of the following
1. Disorders of the penis and testes
2. Testicular tumors
3. Prostate diseases & tumors
Practical session
At the end of the session, students should be able to
Describe the morphological features (Gross and Microscopic)
using slides/charts/photomicrographs and relate the findings to a disease state [covered in the lectures]
BLOCK III Female genital system, Breast, Endocrine & Skin pathology
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2. Vesiculobullous & infections
Practical session
At the end of the session, students should be able to
Describe the morphological features (Gross and Microscopic)
using slides/charts/photomicrographs and relate the findings to a disease state [covered in the lectures]
Practical session
At the end of the session, students should be able to
Describe the morphological features (Gross and Microscopic) using slides/charts/photomicrographs and relate the
findings to a disease state [covered in the lectures]
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Day Date Lecture Lecture topics ILOs Labs
BLOCK- I
Tues Sep 05 8-10 Vascular Vascular wall and their Dr. Gupalo
Disorders_1 response to injury, Diseases
of Blood Vessels (Vasculitis)
Raynaud Phenomenon
Mon Sep 11 8-10 Heart_2 Ischemic Heart Disease 3-5 Dr. Gupalo
PM
Block 1
Lab
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Thu Sep 14 8-10 Lung_1 Congenital Anomalies Dr. Gupalo
Atelectasis (collapse)
Acute lung injury
Vascular disorders of the lung
Pulmonary infections
(Pneumonia)
Fri Sep 15 8-10 Dr. Gupalo
BLOCK 1 QUIZ (Vascular
Disorders & Heart)
Mon Sep 19 8-10 Lung_2 Obstructive Lung Diseases 3-5 Dr. Gupalo
PM
Block 1
Lab
Wed Sep 21 8-10 Lung_4 Tuberculosis Dr. Gupalo
Pulmonary neoplasms
Lung Transplantation
Pleural Diseases
BLOCK-II
Tue Sep 26 8-10 GIT_1 Salivary Gland Lesions. 3-5 Dr. Gupalo
Disease and tumors of the PM
esophagus Block 1
Lab
Wed Sep 27 8-10 GIT_2 Stomach Gastritis, Peptic Dr. Gupalo
Ulcer Disease, Hypertrophic
Gastropathies, Gastric Polyps,
Gastric Cancer
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Thurs Sep 28 8-10 GIT_3 Intestinal Obstruction, Dr. Gupalo
Hernias, Ischemic bowel
disease, Angiodysplasia,
Diarrhea, and Malabsorption
Fri Sep 29 8-10 GIT_4 Infectious Bacterial Dr. Gupalo
Enterocolitis, Viral
Enterocolitis, Parasitic
Diseases
Sat Sep 30 Saturday
Tues Oct 03 8-10 GIT_6 Polyps, Colonic Neoplasms & Dr. Gupalo
Appendix
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Thur Oct 12 8-10 Renal _3 Tubulointerstitial Dr. Gupalo
Diseases.
Pyelonephritis,
Urolithiasis
Fri Oct 13 8-10 Renal _4 Vascular Disorders, Dr. Gupalo
CysticDiseases,
Tumors
Sat Oct 14 Saturday
Sun Oct 15 Sunday
Mon Oct 16 8-10 URETERS & Benign and 3-5 pm; Dr. Gupalo
URINARY Malignant Disorders Block 2
BLADDER of the Ureters, Lab
Urinary Bladder
Wed Oct 25
CLASS CANCELATION DUE TO POWER OUTAGE
Thurs Oct 26
Fri Oct 27
Sat Oct 28
Sun Oct 29
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Mon Oct 30 Block exam II
BLOCK –III
Tues Oct 31 8-10 FGT_1 Vulva, Vagina, and Dr. Gupalo
CervixPathology
Thurs Nov 02 8-10 FGT_3 Ovary and Fallopian Tubes Dr. Gupalo
Fri Nov 03 8-10 FGT_4 Diseases of the breast and Dr. Gupalo
Tumors
Sat Nov 04 8-10 Endocrine_1 Disorders and Neoplasms Dr. Gupalo
of Pituitary and
parathyroid
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Sun Nov 05 Sunday
Mon Nov 06 8-10 Endocrine-02 Thyroid disorders & 3-5 pm. Dr. Gupalo
Neoplasms of the thyroid Block 2
Lab
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Mon Nov 20 Block exam III
BLOCK –IV
Tues Nov 21 8-10 CNS_1 Hydrocephalus Dr. Gupalo
Cerebral edema and
increased intracranial
pressure.
CNS Malformations
Neural Tube defects
Cerebrovascular Diseases
Wed Nov 22 8-10 CNS_2 Demyelinating disorders Dr. Gupalo
Degenerative disorders
Meningitis and other
infectious lesions
Thurs Nov 23 8-10 CNS_3 Tumors of CNS and PNS Dr. Gupalo
Skeletal Muscle Disorders
Fri Nov 24 Head, Neck, Eye, Neck, Eye, ENT, and Ear Dr. Gupalo
ENT lesions
Pathology
Sat Nov 25 Saturday
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Sun Nov 26 Sunday
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Sat Dec 16 Saturday
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