I didn’t ____ wake

up this early.

a. use to

b. used to
I didn’t use to wake
up this early.

a. use to

b. used to
 use to used to
(verb) (adjective)
used to say that refers to
something existed something
or repeatedly you’re familiar
happened in the with or
past but does not accustomed to
exist or happen
now I’m used to running in
hot weather.
I used to wake up early.
I’m not used to running
I didn’t use to wake up in hot weather.
this early.
a. to me

b. for me
a. to me

b. for me
 to me for me
used to emphasize how something is done for
something is perceived your benefit
That’s news to me. Can you do the homework
for me?
express an opinion
satisfy your needs
To me, your plan is
not going to work. It’s really helpful in
order for me to get
movement ahead.
Bring it to me. effects you personally
impacts you personally This is too spicy for me.
If it can happen to me,
it can happen to you.
 to me for me
your perceived opinion how something effects you

This problem sounds This problem is too

difficult to me. I don’t difficult for me. I can’t
know how to solve it. solve it.

This is important to me. This is important for me.

You must help. You must help.

This vocabulary is This vocabulary is

new to me. new for me.
I started
learning
English
____ an
early age.
a. since

b. from
I started
learning
English
from an
early age.
a. since

b. from
 from vs since
Use from Use since
to denote the used to indicate a
starting point of point in time that
an event, action, continues to the
or journey present

The doctor will be here The doctor has been

from 10am tomorrow. here since 10am.

The exhibition runs from The exhibition has been

March to May. running since March.
 We decided to go
out ____ the rain.

a. in spite of

b. despite

c. both correct
 We decided to go
out despite the rain.
in spite of

a. in spite of

b. despite

c. both correct
 They arrived to the They arrived to the
airport late despite airport late in spite of
leaving in plenty of time. leaving in plenty of time.
She’s ______ New
York City. She’ll be
back tomorrow.

a. been to

b. gone to
She’s gone to New
York City. She’ll be
back tomorrow.

a. been to

b. gone to
been to vs. gone to
Use been to
to describe completed visits
I have already been to the store, and now I’m back.
We have been to India twice in the last year.

Use gone to
to describe a visit that you have not
returned from yet
He’s gone to the toilet. He’ll be back soon.
You just missed her. She’s already gone to bed.
 in on at
Enclosed Space A Surface A Point
(surrounded on (attached to or (specific
all sides) touching location or
something) position)
used to talk about
locations within a used to refer to a used to refer to
larger area position on any a position or
used to talk about surface location as a
workplaces or used to talk about a point
industries floor in a building used to refer to
with a car, van, or describes a position an address
taxi along a road or river used to refer to
with water used to talk about most shops or
with class being on public public places
with printed transit (bus, plane, used to refer to
materials motorcycle) group activities
with left or right with
with the media school/university
with home/work
 Releative Clauses
that, which, who
In general, use...

THAT when referring to people, animals, or things

WHICH when referring to animals or things
WHO when referring to people

Restrictive Clause Non-restrictive Clause

Information is needed Information is not needed

THAT or WHO WHICH or WHO

 At the store, we need
to pick up some fruit
(___, apples, bananas,
and watermelon).

a. e.g.
b. i.e.
At the store, we need
to pick up some fruit
(e.g., apples, bananas,
and watermelon).

a. e.g.
b. i.e.
 e.g. vs i.e.
e.g. stands for exempli gratia and means
“for example”
I love eating exotic fruits (e.g., durian, passion fruit,
horned melon, guava, and jackfruit).

i.e. is the abbreviation for id est and means

“in other words”
The fact they came up with something like
hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia (i.e., the fear
of long words) shows that psychiatrists do have a
sense of humor.
 All applicants ____
submit their resumes
by the first of the
month.

a. must
b. have to
 All applicants must
submit their resumes
by the first of the
month.

a. must
b. have to
 must have to
expressing something expressing necessity
required
I have to make a dentist
You must report to appointment.
training camp by the end
past obligations
of the week.
She had to wait in line
express a conclusion or
decuduction
for over an hour.
You must be thirsty future obligations
after that intense You will have to excuse
workout. his poor behavior.
strong recommendations recommendations
You must go see the You have to go see the
new movie. new movie.
 spit infinitives
A split infinitive is an English phrase
in which an adverb or other word is
placed between to and a verb, as in
"to really start" or "to finally understand.

Preferred She decided to quit her job immediately.

Still Correct She decided to immediately quit her job.

Preferred The doctor told me to check my blood

pressure regularly.
Still Correct The doctor told me to regularly check
my blood pressure.
 Did you
catch ___
fish today?
a. some

b. any
 Did you
catch any
fish today?
a. some

b. any
 some vs. any
In general, use some In general, use any
when making when making negative
affirmative statements statements or asking
I have some extra pizza. questions

We have some questions. I don't want any pizza.

Are there any questions?
EXCEPTIONS
offering something EXCEPTIONS
Would you like some tea? with conjunctions
like “if” or “whether”
USEFUL PHRASES Please tell me if you
That’s some + noun have any questions.
That’s some pig!
USEFUL PHRASE
and then some by any means necessary
They paid us $1,000 We must win by any
and then some. means necessary.
 Which question
is grammatically
correct?
a. Who do you believe?
b. Whom do you believe?
 Which question
is grammatically
correct?
a. Who do you believe?
b. Whom do you believe?
 who vs whom
Use who
to refer to the subject of a sentence

Who would like something to drink?

My dog, who is very friendly, plays with children.

Use whom
to refer to the object of a verb or preposition

To whom is the letter addressed?

My dog, whom children like to pet, is very friendly.
 Grammar Review
1. used to vs use to
2. to me vs for me
3. from vs since
4. despite vs in spite of
5. been to vs gone to
6. in, on, at
7. that, which, who
8. ie vs eg
9. must vs have to
10. split infinitives
11. some vs any
12. who vs whom