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12
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
QUARTER 1
Week 1.1

Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment

ToolKit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

WRITTEN BY:
ANABEL B. ARCILLAS
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SUBJECT & GRADE 12

QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 DAY _____________________________
GRADE/LEVEL GEN.CHEM1 dd/mm/yyyy

TOPIC Matter and It’s Properties

1. Use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them
LEARNING
(STEM_GC11MP-Ia-b-5)
COMPETENCY

IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on the Learner’s
Activity and Assessment Sheets provided separately.

UNDERSTAND
Matter and It’s Properties

Matter, Matter, Everywhere!

Every day, we see a variety of materials with many different

shapes, sizes and forms.
What do trees, air, and water have in common? They all have
matter. Everything around us is made of matter. That means they
take up space.
 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
 Matter can have both physical and chemical properties.

You might be wondering

why these things look so
different if they all have matter.
Everything found on Earth can
be grouped into one of two
properties of matter.

WRITTEN BY:
ANABEL B. ARCILLAS
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What are the properties of matter?

The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from

another are called properties.

1. Chemical Properties-
There are two groups of *A chemical property is the ability or inability of a
physical properties of
substance to combine with or change into one or more
matter
new substances.
* A chemical property is a characteristic of matter that
you observe as it reacts with or changes into a different
substance.
•Example include:
Charcoal burning in air,
iron rust, decomposition of
wood

1.Reactivity – the ability for a substance

to react with another. When a chemical
change takes place, the original
substance is converted into one or more
new substances, which have different
physical and chemical properties.

Consider terms such as:

2.Flammability - –burn –rot –rust
–decompose –ferment
Flammability is the –explode –oxidize
ability of a type of matter corrode –grow
to burn easily. -precipitate –gas formation
-digest

2.Physical Properties –
Any characteristic of matter that you can observe
without changing the identity of the substances that make
it up is a physical property.
Example include:
Color, odor, density, size, melting
Physical properties can be classified as: point, boiling point , malleable

Intensive – depends on the Extensive – depends on the

type of matter, not the amount amount of matter in the samples.
present.
Examples are:
1.Malleability- is
Examples the ability of a
are: 1.Mass is a measure of
substance, usually a
metal, to be the amount of matter in an
deformed or molded object. Mass is usually
into a different measured in grams (g) or
kilograms (kg)
shape.

WRITTEN BY:
ANABEL B. ARCILLAS
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Other Extensive
2.Electrical conductivity is Examples
examples
the measure of the amount of
of
intensive electrical current a material can 2.Volume - the amount of
carry or it's ability to carry a space an object takes up.
propertie
current. -volume of regular solids
s
(Length, width and height )
and irregular liquids.
Irregular objects like rock
require a more hands on
approach. Luckily, there is a
straightforward way to
3.Density - the amount calculate the volume of
of matter in a given space irregular objects using the
or volume. Density is water levels in a graduated
used to describe matter cylinder.
because everything has a
different density.
3. Sizes-is one of a series of
graded measurements.
4.Hardness Like small. medium or large.
*The relative resistance of a mineral to
scratching, as measured by the Mohs
scale. 5.Freezing point
*The relative resistance of a metal or -temperature at which a
other material to denting, scratching, or
liquid becomes a solid.
bending

6.Melting point-
7.Solubility -temperature at which
-is a property referring the solid and liquid forms of a
WORD pure substance can exist
to the ability for a given
ORIGIN in equilibrium. As heat is applied
substance, the solute, to to a solid, its temperature will
dissolve in a solvent. increase until the melting point is
reached.
solubility
from Latin solubilis,
means
“capable of being
dissolved”.

8.Luster- describes
how a mineral 9. Boiling point
appears to reflect -is the temperature at
light, and how which the vapor pressure of a
brilliant or dull the liquid equals the external
materials is. pressure surrounding the liquid.

10.Magnetic Properties-
exhibits magnetic properties when
placed in an external magnetic
field, it when a magnetic field is
applied to a material with a
magnetic susceptibility.

WRITTEN BY:
ANABEL B. ARCILLAS
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Every substance has a unique set of properties that allow us to

differentiate between them. These properties are classified as physical
properties and chemical properties. Physical properties are those that can
be determined or measured without changing the composition or identity of the
substance. These properties include color, odor, taste, density, melting
point, boiling point, conductivity, and hardness.
Chemical properties tell us how the substance interacts with other
substances and may include reaction with oxygen (oxidation),
chlorine, metals, etc. Determination of chemical properties results
in the change of the identity of the substance.

Some properties, such as solubility, melting point, boiling point, and

density are independent of the amount of substance being examined.
These properties are known as intensive properties and are used to identify a substance.
Extensive properties, such as mass and volume depend on the amount of substance
present and are not useful in the identification of a substance.

SAQ-1: How can physical and chemical properties help you distinguish one substance
from another?
SAQ-2: Which physical property is more helpful in identifying substances; intensive or
extensive properties? Why?

 Some of these properties, such as mass and volume, depend upon the specific
object in question.
 You cannot use mass to tell one substance from another because two very
different objects can have the same mass—a kilogram of feathers has the same
mass as a kilogram of peanut butter, for example.
 Other properties, such as density, can be used to identify substances.
 They do not vary from one sample of the same substance to another. For
example, you could see a difference between a kilogram of liquid soap and a
kilogram of honey by measuring their densities.
 You can conveniently compare the density of an unknown substance with the
densities of known substances.
 Substances respond to heating in different ways.
 Some warm up very quickly, and others take a long while to increase in
temperature. This property is important in selecting materials for different uses.
Aluminum and iron are good materials for making pots and pans because they
conduct heat well.
 Various materials used in household insulation are poor heat conductors.
Therefore, these insulators are used to keep warm air inside a home on a cold
day. You can measure the rate at which a substance conducts heat and
compare that rate with the heat conduction rates of other substances.
 Solubility vary from one substance to another.
 Sugar and dirt, for instance, have very different solubilities in water. If you put a
spoonful of sugar into a cup of water and stir, the sugar dissolves in the water
very rapidly. If you put a spoonful of dirt into water and stir, most of the dirt settles
to the bottom as soon as you stop stirring.
 Some substances conduct electricity better than others.
 This means that they allow electric charge to move through them easily. Copper
wire is used to carry electricity because it is a good conductor. Materials that do
not conduct easily, such as rubber and plastics, are used to block the flow of
charge. With the proper equipment, scientists can test the electric conductivity
of an unknown substance.
 Some substances are attracted to magnets, but others are not.
 You can use a magnet to pick up a paper clip but not a plastic button or a wooden
match. The elements iron, cobalt, and nickel are magnetic—meaning they

WRITTEN BY:
ANABEL B. ARCILLAS
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respond to magnets—but copper, aluminum, and zinc are not. Steel, which
contains iron, is also magnetic.

SAQ-3: How can properties help you distinguish one substance from another?
SAQ-4: How are the properties of substances used to separate components of
mixtures? Give at least 3 examples.

Mixtures can be separated by using the properties of the substances in them. Try to
explore on the activity given below.

Water can boil and freeze at the same

time
Seriously, it's called the 'triple point',
and it occurs when the temperature and
pressure is just right for the three phases
(gas, liquid, and solid) of a substance to
coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Let’s Practice! (Answer on the separate sheets provided.)

EXPLORE Identifying Substances

How can properties help you identify MATERIALS

a substance? • substance A
You have two solid substances that look • substance B
the same. What measurements would you take and • 2 cups
which tests would you perform to determine whether they
actually are the same?

PROCEDURE:

Place some of substance A into one

cup and some of substance B into the other
cup.
A-baking soda, B-baking powder
Label the cups.
Carefully add some water to each cup.
Observe and record what happens.

SAQ-5: Which result was a physical change? a chemical change? Explain how this simple test
can be used to identify the substances.
SAQ-6: What other measurements would you take and tests would you perform to determine
whether they actually are the same?

WRITTEN BY:
ANABEL B. ARCILLAS
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REMEMBER
Key Points

 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

 Matter can have both physical and chemical properties
 Properties of Matter:
• Boiling Point •Conductivity •Density •Ductility
•Freezing Point •Hardness •Luster •Malleability
•Mass •Melting Point •Solubility •Volume
•State – Solid, Liquid, Gas, etc
 Two types of physical properties of matter: Extensive and intensive properties
 Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter in a substance. Examples include
state of matter, temperature, and density.
 Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter in a sample.
Examples include mass, length, and volume.
 The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are useful for
sorting materials.

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
(Answer on the Learner’s Activity and Assessment sheets.)
1.Which statement describes a chemical property? 7. The following are examples of as a physical
a. Its crystals are a metallic gray. properties of gasoline EXCEPT one. Which
b. It boils at 273K. one is it?
c. It dissolves in alcohol. a. Gasoline is a liquid at room temperature.
d. It reacts with carbon to form a gas. b. Gasoline burns in air.
c. Gasoline has a pungent odor.
2. Two liquids, A and B, have densities 0.75 g/mL d. Gasoline at 20 0C is 0.77 g/mL
and 1.14 g/mL respectively. When both liquids are
poured into a container, which liquid floats on top? 8. Carbon is a soft, dull gray or black non-
a. A metal that you can scratch with a fingernail.
b. neither; they mix evenly Diamonds are used in jewelry and because
c. B they are so hard in industry for cutting,
d. no change drilling, grinding, and polishing. This is an
3. Which of the following is a chemical property? example of a _______ property.
a. density a. physical c. chemical
b. flammability b. endothermic d. exothermic
c. melting point
d. color 9. Given a solution of sugar and water, and
water and pepper, which of the following is
4. Skim milk is made by separating the fat from true?
the whole milk. Making skim milk is an a. If stirred, the pepper would have the
example of ____________. same solubility as sugar.
a. Combustibility b. Pepper is soluble in water, but sugar is
b. Solubility not.
c. Using physical properties to separate a c. Sugar is soluble in water, but pepper is
mixture not.
d. Using chemical properties to separate a d. Sugar and pepper have the same
mixture solubility.

WRITTEN BY:
ANABEL B. ARCILLAS
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5. A substance is cut into several pieces. As

compared to the density of the original sample, the 10. An object is most likely to sink in water if
density of each piece will be _____. __________.
a. greater c. lesser
b. the same d. none of the above a. It has a large
volume.
6. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water b. It has low density.
react to form sugar and oxygen. This is an example c. It has high in
of a property. density
a. physical property d. It has large mass.
b. light reaction property
c. chemical property
d. all of the above

“Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and ...” Accessed July 22,

2020. https://www.directtextbook.com/isbn/9781292228983.

Helmenstine, Anne. “Difference Between Intensive and Extensive Properties

of Matter.” Science Notes and Projects, July 14, 2020.
https://sciencenotes.org/intensive-extensive-properties.
REFERENCE/S

McDougal, L. “Identifying Substances”. Accessed from

http://www.classzone.com/science_book/mls_grade6_FL/098_102.pdf.

“Senior High School.” Department of Education. Accessed July 22, 2020.

https://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/senior-high-school/.
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This material is not intended for uploading nor for commercial use but
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WRITTEN BY:
ANABEL B. ARCILLAS