Cambridge IGCSE™

*6847793774*

CHEMISTRY0620/61
Paper 6 Alternative to Practical May/June 2024

 1 hour

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● Notes for use in qualitative analysis are provided in the question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

IB24 06_0620_61/2RP
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1 A student carries out a titration to find the concentration of a sample of dilute hydrochloric acid.

 he student:
T
● adds 25.0 cm3 of aqueous potassium hydroxide to the apparatus labelled A in Fig. 1.1

25.0 cm3 aqueous

potassium hydroxide
A

Fig. 1.1

●  dds a few drops of a suitable indicator to the apparatus labelled A

a
● uses a burette to add dilute hydrochloric acid to the aqueous potassium hydroxide and indicator
mixture in the apparatus labelled A.

(a) Name the items of apparatus labelled A and B in Fig. 1.1.

A .................................................................................................................................................

B .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) T
 he student adds the indicator after the volume of the 25.0 cm3 of aqueous potassium hydroxide
has been measured.

(i) Explain why the student adds an indicator to the aqueous potassium hydroxide.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name a suitable indicator.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) D
 escribe how the student can determine the volume of dilute hydrochloric acid used in this
titration.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(d) T
 he student observes the colour changes that occur as they add dilute hydrochloric acid from
the burette.

State one other thing the student should do as they add the dilute hydrochloric acid to the
aqueous potassium hydroxide.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

 [Total: 7]

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BLANK PAGE

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2 A student investigates the temperature change when magnesium reacts with dilute sulfuric acid.

The student does five experiments.

Experiment 1

●  se a 25 cm3 measuring cylinder to pour 20 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid into a boiling tube.
U
● Use a thermometer to measure the initial temperature of the acid in the boiling tube. Record
the initial temperature.
● Add a coiled 5 cm length of magnesium ribbon to the acid in the boiling tube. At the same time
start a timer.
● Continually stir the contents of the boiling tube using the thermometer.
● After 45 seconds, measure the temperature of the mixture in the boiling tube. Record this
temperature.
● Rinse the boiling tube with distilled water.

Experiment 2

●  se the 25 cm3 measuring cylinder to pour 20 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid into the boiling tube.
U
● Use a 10 cm3 measuring cylinder to add 2.0 cm3 of distilled water to the acid in the boiling tube.
● Place a bung in the boiling tube and invert the tube to mix the acid and water.
● Use the thermometer to measure the initial temperature of the contents of the boiling tube.
Record the initial temperature.
● Add a coiled 5 cm length of magnesium ribbon to the contents of the boiling tube. At the same
time start a timer.
● Continually stir the contents of the boiling tube using the thermometer.
● After 45 seconds, measure the temperature of the mixture. Record this temperature.
● Rinse the boiling tube with distilled water.

Experiment 3

● Repeat Experiment 2, adding 4.0 cm3 of distilled water instead of 2.0 cm3.

Experiment 4

● Repeat Experiment 2, adding 6.0 cm3 of distilled water instead of 2.0 cm3.

Experiment 5

● Repeat Experiment 2, adding 10.0 cm3 of distilled water instead of 2.0 cm3.

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(a) U
 se the information in the description of the experiments and the thermometer diagrams to
complete Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

volume of volume of thermometer

initial temperature temperature
dilute distilled diagram
experiment temperature after 45 s increase
sulfuric acid water after 45 s
/ °C / °C / °C
/ cm3 / cm3 / °C

40

1 25.0 35

30

40

2 25.5 35

30

40

3 25.5 35

30

35

4 26.0 30

25

35

5 26.0 30

25

[5]

(b) (i) State which Experiment, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, had the smallest temperature change.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)  xplain why the temperature change was smallest in the experiment you have given
E
in (b)(i).

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) C
 omplete a suitable scale on the y-axis and plot your results from Experiments 1 to 5 on
Fig. 2.1. Draw a line of best fit.

temperature
increase / C

0.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

volume of distilled water / cm3

Fig. 2.1
 [4]

(d) U
 se your graph in Fig. 2.1 to deduce the temperature increase when Experiment 2 is repeated
with 7.5 cm3 of distilled water instead of 2.0 cm3.

Show clearly on Fig. 2.1 how you worked out your answer.

 .............................. °C
[2]

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(e) T
 he average rate of temperature increase in each experiment is calculated using the equation
shown.

temperature increase
average rate of temperature increase =
45 seconds

 alculate the average rate of temperature increase in Experiment 1. Give units for the rate you
C
have calculated.

 average rate of temperature increase = ..............................

 units = ..............................
[2]

(f) (i) Explain why the results of the experiment are more accurate if the boiling tube is wrapped
in cotton wool.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)  xplain why a 25.0 cm3 volumetric pipette cannot be used to accurately measure the
E
volume of the distilled water added.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State one other way in which the apparatus can be changed to give more accurate
results.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) S
 ketch on Fig. 2.1 the graph you would expect if all of the experiments were repeated using a
2 cm length of magnesium ribbon instead of the 5 cm length.

Label your line g. [1]

 [Total: 20]

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3 A student tests two substances: solution E and solid F.

Tests on solution E


Solution E is aqueous chromium(III) bromide.

Solution E is divided into two portions.

Record the expected observations.

(a) T
 o the first portion of solution E, the student adds aqueous sodium hydroxide dropwise and
then in excess.

observations adding dropwise ....................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

observation in excess .................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) T
 o the second portion of solution E, the student adds about 1 cm3 of dilute nitric acid and a few
drops of aqueous silver nitrate.

observations ...............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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Tests on solid F


Table 3.1 shows the tests and the student’s observations for solid F.

Table 3.1

tests observations
test 1

Heat about half of solid F in a boiling tube until the white solid forms a colourless liquid,
there is no further change. steam comes out from the boiling tube
and condensation is seen at the top of
the boiling tube, after a while the
colourless liquid becomes a white solid

test 2

The remaining solid F is dissolved in water to

form solution F. Solution F is divided into three
portions.

To the first portion of solution F in a boiling no change

tube, add aqueous sodium hydroxide dropwise
and then in excess.

Warm the product and hold damp red litmus the damp red litmus paper remains red
paper at the mouth of the boiling tube.

test 3

To the second portion of solution F, add 1 cm3 white precipitate

of dilute nitric acid followed by a few drops of
aqueous barium nitrate.

test 4

To the third portion of solution F, add a the solution becomes light purple
few drops of acidified aqueous potassium
manganate(VII).

(c) The observations in test 1 show that solid F is hydrated.

Describe a chemical test to show that the condensation at the top of the boiling tube contains
water.

test . ............................................................................................................................................

result . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(d) From the tests and observations in Table 3.1 it is not possible to identify the cation in solid F.

Give another test that can be carried out to help identify the cation in solid F.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Identify the anion in solid F.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

 [Total: 7]

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4 A mixture contains three compounds:

● liquid ethanol
● solid sodium chloride
● solid zinc carbonate.

Table 4.1 gives some information about these three compounds.

Table 4.1

name of compound solubility in water solubility in ethanol

ethanol soluble
sodium chloride soluble insoluble
zinc carbonate insoluble insoluble

Describe how to obtain a pure sample of each of the three compounds, ethanol, sodium chloride
and zinc carbonate, from the mixture.

You are provided with common laboratory apparatus.

...........................................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [6]

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Notes for use in qualitative analysis

Tests for anions

anion test test result

carbonate, CO32– add dilute acid, then test for carbon effervescence, carbon dioxide
dioxide gas produced
chloride, Cl – acidify with dilute nitric acid, then white ppt.
[in solution] add aqueous silver nitrate
bromide, Br – acidify with dilute nitric acid, then cream ppt.
[in solution] add aqueous silver nitrate
iodide, I– acidify with dilute nitric acid, then yellow ppt.
[in solution] add aqueous silver nitrate
nitrate, NO3– add aqueous sodium hydroxide, ammonia produced
[in solution] then aluminium foil; warm carefully
sulfate, SO42– acidify with dilute nitric acid, then white ppt.
[in solution] add aqueous barium nitrate
sulfite, SO32– add a small volume of acidified the acidified aqueous potassium
aqueous potassium manganate(VII) manganate(VII) changes colour
from purple to colourless

Tests for aqueous cations

cation effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide effect of aqueous ammonia

aluminium, Al 3+ white ppt., soluble in excess, giving white ppt., insoluble in excess
a colourless solution
ammonium, NH4+ ammonia produced on warming –
calcium, Ca2+ white ppt., insoluble in excess no ppt. or very slight white ppt.
chromium(III), Cr3+ green ppt., soluble in excess green ppt., insoluble in excess
copper(II), Cu2+ light blue ppt., insoluble in excess light blue ppt., soluble in excess,
giving a dark blue solution
iron(II), Fe2+ green ppt., insoluble in excess, green ppt., insoluble in excess,
ppt. turns brown near surface on ppt. turns brown near surface on
standing standing
iron(III), Fe3+ red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess
zinc, Zn2+ white ppt., soluble in excess, giving white ppt., soluble in excess, giving
a colourless solution a colourless solution

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Tests for gases

gas test and test result

ammonia, NH3 turns damp red litmus paper blue
carbon dioxide, CO2 turns limewater milky
chlorine, Cl 2 bleaches damp litmus paper
hydrogen, H2 ‘pops’ with a lighted splint
oxygen, O2 relights a glowing splint
sulfur dioxide, SO2 turns acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) from purple to colourless

Flame tests for metal ions

metal ion flame colour

lithium, Li+ red
sodium, Na+ yellow
potassium, K+ lilac
calcium, Ca2+ orange-red
barium, Ba2+ light green
copper(II), Cu2+ blue-green

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