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MRI Midterm

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11 views

MRI Midterm

Uploaded by

mrgrttcorpuz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pluse sequences/pulse echo sequence - - takes time to do the rephrasing step.

Will
foundation in acquiring mri image (must be increase the total scan time
inorder)
- increase the amt.

Rf pulses
PE
Gradient switches
1. Gz + RF (90deg)
Signal collecting
-slice select encoding gradient

2. Gy
1. Switch on the slice
-phase encoding
2. 90 deg. RF pulse to flip the net magnetization
3. Gx
3. Phase encoding gradient (GPE) was switched
- read out gradient frequency encoding gradient
to do the first phase encoding
4. FID
4. The frequency encoding or readt out gradient
(GRO) was switched on -
5. The signal, the free induction decay (FID),
was sampled
SE

1. Gz + 90 deg
Spin Echo (SE) sequence

- 90 deg rf pulse and another 180 deg pulse


then collect - to make the hydrogen rephrase Tr (repitition time or time repitition) - time
between two 90 deg excitation pulses
- high rf pulse => high energy absorb by the
protons => high or stronger signal => strong Te (echo time) - time between the 90 deg
signal will result to brighter resolution excitation pulse and the echo (hanggang sa
makakuha ng echo)
- the effect of the 180 deg rf pulse is called
rephrasing Fa (flip angle) - referes to the amt. of degs the
net magnetization is flipped into the X-Y plane

- most common 90 deg (also 70 deg)


Advantages
PD images is neither dependent to t1 or t2
- signal is strong relaxation
- compensation for local field inhomogeneities: T1 and t2 relaxation are different
less artifact

Proton density contrast- not related to t2 or t1


Disadvantages relaxtion
- happens because of the number of hydrogen - to suppress signal from CSF (fluid), like STIR
protons present
FAT SUPPRESSION
- high hydrogens protons = high signal,
- the process of utilizing specific parameters,
brighther image
commonly with STIR sequence

HASTE
T1 weighted contrats - apperance is black (CFS)
- half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin
T2 weighted contrats - white apperance echo imaging

PD - Grey - is an echo-planar fast spin echo sequence


trademarked by siemens

HASTE/SS-FSE
A short tr and short te gives t1 weighted
contrats - is a single-shot technique.

Long tr and a short te gives pd - This means that data from all of k-space is
obtained after a single 90o-excitation pulse.

- requires very long echo trains, which in


IR - inversion recovery (square)
modern scanners may number 128, 256, or
- an imaging seq. That involves seccessive 180E even higher.
and 90E pulses, after whixh a heavily t1
weighthed signal is obtained
T1: T1 weighted
- the IR seq. is specified in terms of three
parametes, inversion time (ti), repitition time - IR: inversion recovery
and echo time
T2: T2 weighted
- IR - IS
- RARE: rapid acquisition with relaxation
- better pathology in pd and t2 weighthed enhancement
contrats (because if water(edema), which
- HASTE: half-Fourier acquisition single-shot
shows bright on t2 weighthed contrast (most
turbo spin- echo
preferred)
- BLADE: proprietary name for periodically
rotated overlapping parallel lines with
two special cases concerning the choice of TI: enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) in MR
systems from Siemens Healthcare
1. STIR (short tau inversion recovery) sequence
BOLD imaging: blood oxygen level dependent
- a specialized application of the inversion
imaging
recovery pulse sequence that sets inversion
time (TI) of the sequence at 0.69 times the T1 of
fat
gradient echo sequences (GRE)
2. FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery)
- FLASH: fast low angle shot
sequence
- GRASS: gradient recalled acquisition in the 90 EXCITATION PULSE
steady state
PE - 90-E-90-E
GRE sequences with T2*-based contrast are
SE= 90-180-F-90-180-E
used to depict hemorrhage, calcification, and
iron deposition in various tissues and lesions 1TL = 180-90-E-180

ALPHA SEQUENCE - 180-180-180


spin echo sequences T1 weighted:
- TSE: turbo spin echo -INVERSUON RECOVERY (IR)
- TGSE: turbo gradient spin echo T2 weighted:
- VISTA: 3D volume isotropic turbo spin echo -RARE
acquisition
-HASTE

-BLADE
Other vendors have similar sequences under
slightly different names: T2* is "true T2"

- GE (Single-shot fast spin echo, SS-FSE), T2* is observed or effective

- Philips (Single-shot turbo spin echo, SSH-TSE; T2* is always less than or equal to T2
ultra-fast spin echo, UFSE), T2* results principally from inhomogeneties in
- HItachi (Single-shot fast SE), Toshiba (Fast the main magnetic field
Advanced Spin Echo, FASE, SuperFASE) T2* < T2

BOLD IMAGING - BLOOD OXYGEN LEVEL


HASTE (HALF FOURIER ACQUISITION SINGLE DEPENDENT IMAGING
SHOT TURBO SPIN ECHO IMAGING) fMRI - uses t2* to detect brain activity by
- is an echo planar fast spin echo sequence measuring changes in cerebral blood flow.
trademarked by Siemens

GE- single shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) GRADIENT ECHO SEQUENCEES (GRE)
PHILIPS - single shot turbo spin echo (SSTSE) or -FLASH : FAST LOW ANGLE SHOT
ultra fast spin echo (UFSE)
-GRASS: GRADIENT RECALLED ACQUISITION IN
HACHI - SSFSE THE STEADY STATE
TOSHIBA - FAST ADVANCE SPIN ECHO OR SUPER SPIN ECHO SEQEUNCE
FAST ADVANCE SPIN ECHO SEQUENCE
TSE - TURBO SPIN ECHO

TGSE - TURBO GRADIENT SPIN ECHO


HASTE /SS-FE

-SINGLE SHOT TECHNIQUE


VISTA - 3D VOLUME ISOTROPIC TURBO SPIN
ECHO ACQUISITION

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