Exponentials and Logarithms: Test 2024

Name…………………………………
Tech Able (45 minutes)

Multiple-choice questions (15 marks)

1 18x4  (3x- 4) equals

A 6
B 6x0
C 6x8
D 6x1
54
E
x8

2 Which one of the following graphs is the graph of the relation y = 2 + log2 (x + 1)?
C y

x
0 1 2
E y

x
0 1 2

3 (a)3 (a5)(a)4(a2)3 equals

A a17
B a17
C a18
D a18
E a24

1
4 The function f : ℝ ℝ, where f(x) = 1 – 2x, has an inverse function f –1.
The domain of f –1 is
A R
B (–, 1]
C (–, 0]
D (–, 0)
E (–, 1)

5 The equation of the asymptote of y =  log10 (6x) + 5 is

A x=0
B x=2
C x=3
D x=4
1
E x=
6

6 If log10 (x + 7) – log10 (x – 7) = 2 then x is

A 198
B 28  5
C 10
D 20
707
E
99

7 Which one of the following graphs best represents the graph of y = 1 + 2x?

D y E y

1 1 3
x 0 x
0

2
8 The function f : ℝ+ ℝ, where f(x) = log10 2x, has an inverse function f –1.
The rule for f –1 is given by
A f –1(x) = 10x
B f –1(x) = 102x
1 x
C f –1(x) = 10
2
x
–1 2
D f (x) = 10
1
E f –1(x) = log10 x
2

9 The equation of the graph shown could be y

A y = 2–x + 1
B y = 2–2x
C y = 2–x + 2 2
–x + 2
D y=22 x
0
E y = 2  2–x

10 Which one of the following sets could be the domain of the function with
rule f(x) = log3 (x – 2)?
A (–2, )
B [2, )
C (2, )
D ℝ+
E ℝ

11 Let f : ℝ ℝ, where f(x) = 10–x. Which one of the following graphs represents the
inverse of f ?

3
12 The function f : ℝ  ℝ, f(x) = 2  3x – 4, has range
A ℝ
B ℝ \ {–4}
C (–4, )
D (4, )
E [4, )

13 If log2 (5x + 2) = 1 then

A x=2
B x=0
C x = –1
5
D x=
2
2
E x=
5

14 The solution of the equation 5  23x = 10 is

1
A x=
2
1
B x=
3
1
C x= log2 10
3
1
D x= log2 3
2
1 3
E x= 2
5

15 If loga 5 = x and loga 2 = y, then loga 40 000 equals

A x+y
B 5x + y
C 4x +6y
D 6x + 10y
E (x + y)2

4
Extended-response question (8 marks)

The size of a population of rabbits is determined by the rule P = 6400  30.2t – 400, where P is
the size of the population t years after January 2006.

a Find the size of the population when:

i t=0 ii t = 10 (2 marks)

b After how many years does the size of the population exceed 1 000 000? (2 marks)

c Sketch the graph of P against t. ( Showing all key features) (4 marks)

5
 Exponentials and Logarithms: Test 2024

Name………………
Tech-free (35 minutes)
Short-answer questions
1 Solve the following equations for x: (2+2+3+3+4=14 marks)
a 2x = 64 b log3 (x  a) = b

c log10 x + 2 log10 5 = log10 6 d 2 log3 x + log3 a = 0

e 52x – 26  5x + 25 = 0

2 Sketch the following graphs, showing the intercepts and the asymptotes: (2x4=8 marks)
a y = 2x – 4 b y = log10 (4 – 2x)

6
3 Simplify, expressing your answers with positive powers: (3 marks)

ab2 a 2b 1

a3b 2 a3b3

4
4 Evaluate 27 3 . (2 marks)

5 Solve the equation 3 log2 (x – 1) = log2 27 for x. (3 marks)

6 Solve the equation log10 (10 + 5x) – log10 (10 – 2x) = 1 for x. (3 marks)

The End

7
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Name: ___________________________

Section A Multiple Choice

1 (m 2 n) 4 (m 5 n 2 ) 2 4 The graph of y  3 x  2  2 has an

 can be simplified
2m n  5 2 3 2mn 5 asymptote and y-intercept respectively
at
to
1
1 A y  2, 2
A 9
4m 16 n
1
22 B y  0, 2
B 9
m 16 n C y  2, 2
1 8
C y  2, 1
4m 8 D
9
1 E y  0, 2
D
4m 16 n
E 2 2 m16 n 5 1
log n equals
n4
2 
3 3
n
16 4
 9 2 can be simplified to A
A 2 4
8 B 4n
B C 4
27
D n 4
1
C E 4
216
3 6 log 3 45  log 3 5 equals
D 3
8 A 3
1
E B log 3 15
2
C log 3 40
3 The values that x can take to solve the D 9
 
equation 3 2 x  10 3 x  9  0 are E 2
A 1, 2
7 The value of x which satisfies the
B 1, 3
C 0, 1 equation log 2 x  log 2 x  1  1 is
D 0, 2 A 2
E 2, 3 B 2
C 1
D 0
E 1

8 The value of x correct to three decimal

places which satisfies the equation
21  x  18 is
A 3.169
B 3.169
C 3.170
D 3.170
E 0.760
9 The graph y  3  log 2 ( x  3) has a 11 The graph of y  log 3 ( x  1)  2 is best
domain and range respectively as represented by
A x : x  3, y : y  3 A
B x : x  3, y : y  R
C x : x  3, y : y  6
D x : x  0, y : y  R
E x : x  0, y : y  3
10 If M  50  2 5t , then when M = 200, B
t=
A 0.25
B 2
C 2
D 4
E 0.4

E
12 The graph of y  2 x 1  1 is best
represented by
A

E
Exponential Functions and Logarithms Name: ___________________________

Section B Short/Extended answer

1 Write in simplest index notation: 3

3 n 1  9 2 n 3  2713n

2 Write in simplest index notation: 4

2

3 812  27 3

2430.6

3 Solve for x in the equation: 3 4 x 1  243 x  0 . 4

4 For the graph: y  2  x  3 , state the: 4

a) asymptote.
b) y-intercept.
c) domain.
d) range.

5 Evaluate log 2 256 . 3

6 3 2 3
Simplify: log 4 81  log 4 32
4 5

7 Solve for x: log 6 (5  4 x)  3 4

8 Solve for x correct to 3 decimal places: 5

6 5 x  4 3  2 x 

9 For the graph y  2 log 2 2 x , state the: 4

a) asymptote.
b) x-intercept.
c) domain.
d) range.
10 A bacteria culture grows such that the a) 5
number of bacteria, N, present after t hours can
be represented by: N  1000  4 0.3t b)
a) How much is present after 5 hours?
b) How long does it take for the number to
triple (that is, for the number to increase
to 3000)?

11 Show algebraically that the two graphs 6

y  2 log 2 x  4 and y  2  log 2 4 x intersect
at one point only.
What are the coordinates of this point of
intersection?
12 Find the exact value of x which satisfies 8
equation 4 2 x  2  4 x  5  0 .
Also give your answer correct to 3 decimal
places.

13 A bacteria culture is growing and the number 6

present at time t hours is represented by:
N  N 0  2 kt .
How many bacteria are present after 6 hours if
there are 2  10 4 present after one hour and
8  10 4 present after three hours?
14 Radium decomposes in such a way that the 6
amount present can be calculated using the
equation:
Q  Q0 (1  0.038) t
where Q is measured in milligrams and t in
centuries.
If there is 40 mg present initially, how much is
present in 10 years and 2000 years?
How many years will it take for there to be less
than 10 mg?
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Name: ___________________________

Section A Multiple Choice

1 (m 2 n) 4 (m 5 n 2 ) 2 D 4 The graph of y  3 x  2  2 has an A

 can be simplified
2m n  5 2 3 2mn 5 asymptote and y-intercept respectively
at
to
1
1 A y  2, 2
A 9
4m 16 n
1
22 B y  0, 2
B 9
m 16 n C y  2, 2
1 8
C
4m 8 D y  2, 1
9
1 E y  0, 2
D
4m 16 n
E 2 2 m16 n 5 1 E
log n equals
n4
2 
3 3 C n
16 4
 9 2 can be simplified to A
A 2 4
8 B 4n
B C 4
27
D n 4
1
C E 4
216
3 6 log 3 45  log 3 5 equals E
D 3
8 A 3
1
E B log 3 15
2
C log 3 40
3 The values that x can take to solve the D D 9
 
equation 3 2 x  10 3 x  9  0 are E 2
A 1, 2
7 The value of x which satisfies the C
B 1, 3
equation log 2 x  log 2 x  1  1 is
C 0, 1
D 0, 2 A 2
E 2, 3 B 2
C 1
D 0
E 1

8 The value of x correct to three decimal C

places which satisfies the equation
21  x  18 is
A 3.169
B 3.169
C 3.170
D 3.170
E 0.760
9 The graph y  3  log 2 ( x  3) has a B 11 The graph of y  log 3 ( x  1)  2 is best B
domain and range respectively as represented by
A x : x  3, y : y  3 A
B x : x  3, y : y  R
C x : x  3, y : y  6
D x : x  0, y : y  R
E x : x  0, y : y  3
10 If M  50  2 5t , then when M = 200, E B
t=
A 0.25
B 2
C 2
D 4
E 0.4

E
12 The graph of y  2 x 1  1 is best A
represented by
A

E
Exponential Functions and Logarithms Name: ___________________________

Section B Short/Extended answer

1 Write in simplest index notation: 3n 1  92 n  3  271 3n 3

3 n 1  9 2 n 3  2713n
 3n 1  (32 ) 2 n  3  33   1 3 n

 3n 1  34 n  6  33 9 n
 314n  2

2 Write in simplest index notation: 

2 4

2 3 81  27
2 3

3 812  27 3
2430.6
2430.6 1
 4 2 3 2
3
   

 3 3 3 
 3 
 5 5 
 (3 ) 
1
 38  3 2  3
  3

 3 
1

 33   3
3

3 Solve for x in the equation: 3 4 x 1  243 x  0 . 3 4 x  1  243 x  0 4

3 4 x  1  35   x

4 x  1  5x
x 1

4 For the graph: y  2  x  3 , state the: a) asymptote y = 3 4

a) asymptote. b) y-intercept when x = 0, y  2 0  3  4
b) y-intercept. c) domain x : x  R
c) domain. d) range y : y  3
d) range.

5 Evaluate log 2 256 . log 2 256 3

 log 2 2 8
 8 log 2 2
8
6 3 2 3 2 3
Simplify: log 4 81  log 4 32 log 4 3 4  log 4 2 5
4 5 4 5
3 2
4 5
 log 4 3 4
 log 4 2 5

 log 4 3 3 log 4 2 2
 27 
 log 4  
4

7 Solve for x: log 6 (5  4 x)  3 log 6 (5  4 x)  3 4

5  4x  6 3

5  4 x  216
5  216  4 x
 211  4 x
211 3
x  52
4 4

8 Solve for x correct to 3 decimal places: 65 x  4  3  2 x  5

6 5 x  4 3  2 x  log 10 65 x  log 10 43 2 x 
5 x log 10 6  3  2 x log 10 4
5 x log 10 6  3 log 10 4  2 x log 10 4
5 x log 10 3  2 x log 10 4  3 log 10 4
x5 log 10 3  2 log 10 4   3 log 10 4
3 log 10 4
x
5 log 10 3  2 log 10 4
x  0.503

9 For the graph y  2 log 2 2 x , state the: a) asymptote: y=0 4

a) asymptote. b) x-intercept: x = 0.5
b) x-intercept. c) domain : x : x  0
c) domain. d) range: y : y  R
d) range. e)
10 A bacteria culture grows such that the a) 5
number of bacteria, N, present after t hours can N  1000  4 0.3t
be represented by: N  1000  4 0.3t N  1000  4 0.35
a) How much is present after 5 hours?
b) How long does it take for the number to N  1000  41.5
triple (that is, for the number to increase N  8000
to 3000)? b)
N  1000  40.3t
3000  1000  40.3t
3  40.3t
log 10 3  log 10 40.3t
log 10 3  0.3t log 10 4
log 10 3
t
0.3 log 10 4
t  2.6 hours

11 Show algebraically that the two graphs y  2 log 2 x  4 6

y  2 log 2 x  4 and y  2  log 2 4 x intersect y  2  log 2 4 x
at one point only. 2 log 2  x  4  2  log 2 4 x
What are the coordinates of this point of
log 2  x  4  log 2 4 x  2
2
intersection?

log 2
x  42
2
4x
x  42  22
4x
x  8 x  16  16 x
2

x 2  8 x  16  0
x  42  0
x = 4 is the only solution
When x = 4,
y  2 log 2  x  4 
y  2 log 2 8
y  2 log 2 2 3
y  3  2 log 2 2
y6
Point of intersection is (4, 6).
12 Find the exact value of x which satisfies 42 x  2  4 x  5  0 8
equation 4 2 x  2  4 x  5  0 . let y  4 x
Also give your answer correct to 3 decimal
places. y2  2 y  5  0
 b  b 2  4ac
Quadratic formula : y 
2a
where a  1, b   2, c  5
2  4  20
y
2
2  24 2  24
y or y 
2 2
22 6 22 6
y or y 
2 2
y  1  6 or y  1  6
4 x  1  6 or 4 x  1  6
only 4 x  1  6 is possible
4 x
can never be negative 
 
log 10 4 x  log 10 1  6
x log 4  log 1  6 
10 10

log 1  6 
x 10

log 10 4
x  0.893

13 A bacteria culture is growing and the number N  N 0  2 kt 6

present at time t hours is represented by:
when t  1, N  20 000,
N  N 0  2 kt .
20 000  N 0  2 k [1]
How many bacteria are present after 6 hours if
there are 2  10 4 present after one hour and when t  3, N  80 000,
8  10 4 present after three hours? 80 000  N 0  2 3k [ 2]
[2] 80 000 N 0  2 3k
: 
[1] 20 000 N 0  2 k
4  2 2k
2 2  2 2k
k 1
20 000
using [1] : No 
 10 000
2
after 6 hours : N  10 000  2 6
N  10 000  64
N  64 0000  6.4  10 5
14 Radium decomposes in such a way that the Q  Q0 (1  0.038) t 6
amount present can be calculated using the
when t  0, Q  40
equation:
Q  Q0 (1  0.038) t 40  Q0 1  0.038  0
where Q is measured in milligrams and t in 40  Q0
centuries. Q  400.962  t
If there is 40 mg present initially, how much is
present in 10 years and 2000 years? for 10 years , t  0.1
How many years will it take for there to be less Q  400.962  0.1
than 10 mg? Q  39.8 mg
for 2000 years , t  20
Q  400.962  20
Q  18.4 mg
For Q  10,
10  40 0.962  t
0.25  0.962 t
log 10 0.25  log 10 0.962 t
log 10 0.25  t log 10 0.962
log 100.25
t
log 100.962
t  35.8 centuries
t  3600 years