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    Cantilever Beam

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    Cantilever Beam

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    BMSIT&M Department of Physics Engineering Physics Lab manual August-2020

    6. YOUNG’S MODULUS BY SINGLE CANTILEVER


    AIM: - To determine the young’s modulus of the material of the given beam by the method
    of single cantilever.
    APPARATUS: - Single cantilever setup, slotted weights, travelling microscope, reading lens
    and lamp.
    PRINCIPLE: The experiment is based on the theory of bending moment of beams. .
    Bending moment of a beam depends on the following factors:
    a) Young’s modulus of the material of the beam
    b) The cross section geometry of the beam

    FORMULA:
    4Mgl 3
    Y N/m2
    bd 
    3

    where, M – mass for which depression is found (in kg).


    g - acceleration due to gravity (= 9.8 ms-2).
    l - distance between the needle and fixed end (in m).
    b & d - breadth and thickness of the wooden scale (in m).
     - mean elevation produced (in m).
    DIAGRAM:

    Fig.1 Single cantilever


    PROCEDURE:-
    • The tip of the needle (inverted image) on the single cantilever is made to coincide with the
    intersection of the cross wire of the travelling microscope (with no load in the hook).
    • Note down the readings of the travelling microscope in the tabular column as the dead load
    reading (ie. x g).
    • Now add some weight to the hook (say 20 g). Again coincide the tip of the needle to the
    intersection of the cross wire and corresponding readings are noted in the tabular column.

    Page 22
    BMSIT&M Department of Physics Engineering Physics Lab manual August-2020

    • This is repeated up to 100 g in steps of 20 g every time and corresponding readings are
    noted in the tabular column.
    • The experiment is repeated by decreasing the load in the weight hanger in steps of 20 g and
    the corresponding readings are taken and are tabulated.
    • The depression or deflection of the cantilever beam ‘’, for load ‘M’ in kg is found out from
    the tabular column.
    • By using the breadth (b) and thickness (d) of the bar, the young’s modulus of the material of
    the beam is calculated.

    Precaution:
    1. The pin has to be vertical before focusing
    2. The beam must be parallel to horizontal scale of travelling microscope

    Least count of travelling microscope:


    LC = Value of 1MSD - Value of 1VSD ( or) LC= Value of 1MSD/Number of VSD

    TR= MSR+ (CVD x LC)

    Page 23
    BMSIT&M Department of Physics Engineering Physics Lab manual August- 2020

    Tabular column to find elevation


    Load in Load increasing Load decreasing Mean Load Load increasing Load decreasing Mean Depression
    hanger MSR CVD TR MSR CVD TR R1 in MSR CVD TR MSR CVD TR R2 = R1~R2
    (g) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) hanger (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
    (g)
    X+0 X+60

    X+20 X+80

    X+40 X+100

    Mean depression,  = -----------x10-2m

    CALCULATION:
    4Mgl 3
    Y N/m2
    bd 3

    RESULT:-Young’s modulus of the material of the beam is found to be Y= -------------N/m2

    Page 24

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